Method for restoring seaweed bed through ecological interface

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for restoring a sea grass bed through an ecological interface, and belongs to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, and the method for restoring the sea grass bed through the ecological interface comprises the following steps: S1, analyzing water quality, substrate and biological data through remote sensing technologies such as multispectral satellites, laser radar scanning and underwater sonar in combination with sediment sampling; according to the tidal creek density, the pollutant content and the seed bank density index, the degradation main cause is judged; s2, according to a degradation main cause, matching a restoration combination, implementing a targeted restoration project, continuously monitoring the change of the survival rate and the coverage rate, and realizing dynamic management through remote sensing, sensor and community cooperation; the method has the beneficial effects that dynamic monitoring and an intelligent early warning mechanism are combined, and the ecological restoration efficiency and the project sustainability are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for restoring seagrass beds through ecological interfaces. Background Art

[0002] Although seagrass bed restoration technologies have developed to some extent in the past decade, limited by technical means and management models, the following key problems still exist, which directly restrict the restoration efficiency and sustainability; the technology for diagnosing the main causes of degradation is backward and the misjudgment rate is high: traditional methods mainly rely on manual on-site sampling (such as sediment sampling or visual assessment), and there are two major defects: limited coverage: manual sampling can only cover 10% - 20% of the target area, making it difficult to capture the dynamic changes of pollution diffusion or sediment erosion; single data dimension: without integrating multi-spectral remote sensing and three-dimensional terrain data, resulting in a main cause classification error rate > 25%; the restoration plan is rigid, and the survival rate and cost are uncontrollable: existing restoration technologies mostly adopt a "one-size-fits-all" model; the dynamic monitoring and emergency response mechanism is lacking: existing technologies lack real-time data-driven closed-loop management, manifested as a lag in disaster response and insufficient prediction ability; community governance is disjointed and the long-term incentive mechanism is absent. The traditional management model has significant shortcomings, with low participation and opaque benefit distribution.

[0003] The present invention realizes the "precision, efficiency, and sustainability" of seagrass bed restoration through the deep coupling of multi-source remote sensing data and on-site detection, accurately diagnosing the main causes of degradation, matching modular restoration combinations, and combining dynamic monitoring and intelligent early warning. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for restoring seagrass beds based on multi-source data fusion and modular ecological engineering. By accurately identifying the dominant factors of degradation (physical damage, pollution, lack of seed sources) and matching and optimizing restoration strategies, combined with a dynamic monitoring and intelligent early warning mechanism, the ecological restoration efficiency and project sustainability are significantly improved.

[0005] Technical Solution: A method for restoring seagrass beds through ecological interfaces, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Through multi-spectral satellite imagery, unmanned aerial vehicle lidar, and underwater sonar scanning remote sensing technologies, combined with on-site sediment sampling, obtain water quality parameters, substrate stability, and biological community data of the target area, and determine the dominant factors of degradation through the following coupling analysis. When the tidal channel density is less than or equal to 0.5 km / km 2 and the substrate compaction degree is greater than 1.5 g / cm 3 it is determined to be physically damaged-dominated; if the arsenic content in the sediment is greater than 15 mg / kg or the chemical oxygen demand COD is greater than 40 mg / L, and the proportion of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community is greater than 60%, then it is confirmed to be pollution-dominated; when the seed bank density is less than 5 grains / m2 When the soil salinity is greater than 25‰, it is determined as the dominant type of seed source loss; if multiple conditions are met simultaneously, calculate the contribution degree of each factor to the biomass loss, and select the category with a contribution degree greater than 50% as the main cause; identify the dominant degradation factor based on the data, and the dominant degradation factor includes at least one of physical damage, pollution or seed source loss;

[0007] S2. According to the dominant degradation factor identified in S1, delimit the test area in the target area and match at least two restoration combinations, and the restoration combinations are selected from the combinations of artificial transplantation of seagrass seedlings, sowing seeds, substrate improvement, community management or ecological engineering protection, where: for the area dominated by physical damage, adopt the methods of artificial transplantation of seagrass seedlings and ecological engineering protection; for the area dominated by pollution, adopt the methods of substrate improvement and ecological engineering protection; for the area with seed source loss, adopt the methods of sowing seeds, community management and ecological engineering protection; at the same time, continuously monitor the ecological restoration efficiency of each combination, and the ecological restoration efficiency includes the survival rate and the growth rate of coverage.

[0008] Preferably, S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0009] S1-1. Quantification of physical damage intensity: Obtain millimeter-level substrate terrain data through lidar scanning. For the area where the shear strength is lower than 12 kPa and the monthly average erosion modulus exceeds 200 g per square meter per day, it is determined as physical degradation caused by tidal scour or ship anchoring; for the area where the patch edge presents a serrated shape and the included angle between the extension direction and the main flow direction is less than 30 degrees, it is marked as the priority physical restoration area;

[0010] S1-2. Precise tracing of pollution types: Combine satellite multispectral data with on-site rapid detection results. When the chlorophyll a concentration continuously exceeds 2.5 mg per cubic meter and the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved organic matter is lower than 0.8 per meter, it is determined as agricultural non-point source input eutrophication; for the area where the arsenic content continuously exceeds 15 mg per kilogram and the ratio of polychaetes or crustaceans is greater than three, it is confirmed as an industrial heavy metal pollution hot spot area;

[0011] S1-3. Quantitative diagnosis of seed source loss: Detection of seed bank density. Obtain surface 20 cm sediment samples through a column sampler. When the seed density is lower than five seeds per square meter, it is determined that the reserve of natural propagules is insufficient; Test of asexual reproduction ability. Cut 20 cm rhizomes for cultivation. If the number of new tillers is lower than three per month, it is confirmed that the clonal expansion ability has declined; Analysis of reproductive allocation ratio. Dissect mature plants. When the proportion of reproductive branches is lower than 15%, it is determined that the investment in sexual reproduction is insufficient;

[0012] S1-4. Joint inspection of sediment structure: Jointly analyze sediment grain size and organic matter data. When the median grain size is greater than 0.25 mm and the organic matter is less than 5%, it is determined as physical coarsening degradation. When the median grain size is less than 0.1 mm and the organic matter is higher than 8%, it is confirmed as chemical degradation caused by fine particle adsorption of pollutants.

[0013] S1-5. Monitoring of ecological function variation: Obtain data on benthic animal abundance and seagrass coverage through box sampling. When the benthic animal abundance is less than 200 per square meter and the annual decline rate of seagrass coverage exceeds 15%, trigger an ecosystem-level degradation alarm. Based on sediment samples collected synchronously with box sampling, detect the seed germination rate in areas where the seed germination rate continuously remains below 40%, and generate a mandatory order for artificial replenishment of seed sources.

[0014] Preferably, the S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] S2-1. Implementation of restoration in the physically damaged dominant area: For physically degraded areas caused by tidal scour or ship anchoring, implement seagrass transplantation and three-dimensional protection projects. Select healthy eelgrass plants with intact rhizomes, and use special transplantation tools to vertically plant them according to the standard plant spacing, ensuring that the roots carry the original sediment. Synchronously arrange an array of anti-corrosion bamboo piles on the main flow direction side, and combine with natural stones to build a wave-dissipating structure to significantly reduce the water flow impact intensity. After transplantation, conduct periodic survival status verification, and evaluate the transplantation effect through the number of tillering leaves and root stability to ensure that the initial survival rate meets high-standard requirements. Use satellite remote sensing technology to quarterly analyze the change of vegetation index and monitor the recovery progress of seagrass coverage area.

[0016] S2-2. Implementation of restoration in the pollution-dominated area: For ecological degradation areas caused by industrial and agricultural pollution, implement sediment improvement and biological purification projects. Lay a sandy mixed layer with a specific ratio to adsorb heavy metal pollutants, and simultaneously proliferate filter-feeding shellfish to build a biological filtration barrier. Arrange submerged plant floating beds in eutrophic waters to effectively absorb excessive nutrients. Conduct electronic tagging management for key restored plants, regularly scan and record the growth and development status, and verify the adaptability under pollution stress environment. Use drones equipped with multi-spectral sensors to continuously track the improvement process of vegetation health in the restored area.

[0017] S2-3. Implementation of restoration in the seed source missing area: For areas with severely insufficient propagules, implement precise seed sowing and community collaborative management projects. Use advanced sowing devices to sow highly viable seeds with coating treatment, and increase the sowing density in key areas. Arrange biological buffer facilities along the coastal zone to weaken wave erosion and protect the colonization environment of new seedlings. Establish a local patrol mechanism, organize fishermen to participate in daily supervision, and real-time feedback abnormal situations through mobile terminals. Set up standard quadrats to regularly count seed germination and plant growth data, and quantify the expansion trend of seagrass communities in combination with three-dimensional point cloud scanning technology.

[0018] S2-4. Monitoring System: Build a multi-dimensional dynamic monitoring network. Install hydrological sensing devices in the physical restoration area to continuously collect water flow parameters, deploy intelligent buoys in the polluted area to track water quality changes in real time, and establish an electronic fence in the seed source area to prevent human interference; Develop a data fusion analysis model to reveal the internal relationship between survival rate and project cost, and analyze the influence law of environmental factors on coverage restoration; Establish a hierarchical early warning response mechanism. When the core indicators deviate from the expected thresholds, supplementary restoration measures will be automatically triggered; At the same time, through a combination of satellite remote sensing technology, drone multi-spectral monitoring, ground quadrat verification, and sensor data collection, cross-verify the ecological restoration effect to ensure the scientificity and reliability of the evaluation results.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] (1) Multi-dimensional data fusion and precise diagnosis: Integrate satellite, drone, sonar, and on-site detection data to build a model for determining the dominant factors of degradation, with the recognition accuracy improved to over 90%, avoiding resource waste caused by misjudgment;

[0021] (2) Strong adaptability of modular restoration strategies: Design differentiated restoration combinations for the three main causes of physical damage, pollution, and seed source loss, with the survival rate increased to 85% and the coverage growth rate reaching 8% per year;

[0022] (3) Dynamic monitoring and intelligent response system: Collect hydrological, vegetation, and human interference data in real time, build a comprehensive health index CHI to trigger hierarchical early warnings, and shorten the response time to 24 hours. Specific Embodiments

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A method for restoring seagrass beds through ecological interfaces, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1. Through multi-spectral satellite imagery, drone lidar, and underwater sonar scanning remote sensing technology, combined with on-site sediment sampling, obtain water quality parameters, substrate stability, and biological community data of the target area, and determine the dominant factors of degradation through the following coupled analysis. When the tidal channel density is less than or equal to 0.5 km / km 2 and the substrate compaction degree is greater than 1.5 g / cm 3 it is determined as physically damaged-dominated; If the arsenic content in the sediment is greater than 15 mg / kg or the chemical oxygen demand COD is greater than 40 mg / L, and the proportion of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community is greater than 60%, then it is confirmed as pollution-dominated; When the seed bank density is less than 5 grains / m 2When the soil salinity is greater than 25‰, it is determined to be dominated by the absence of provenance; if multiple conditions are met simultaneously, calculate the contribution of each factor to the biomass loss, and select the category with a contribution greater than 50% as the main cause; identify the dominant degradation factor based on the data, and the dominant degradation factor includes at least one of physical damage, pollution, or the absence of provenance;

[0026] S2. According to the dominant degradation factor identified in S1, delimit the test area in the target area and match at least two restoration combinations, and the restoration combinations are selected from the combinations of artificial seagrass seedling transplantation, seeding, substrate improvement, community management, or ecological engineering protection, where: for the area dominated by physical damage, adopt the methods of artificial seagrass seedling transplantation and ecological engineering protection; for the area dominated by pollution, adopt the methods of substrate improvement and ecological engineering protection; for the area with the absence of provenance, adopt the methods of seeding, community management, and ecological engineering protection; at the same time, continuously monitor the ecological restoration efficiency of each combination, and the ecological restoration efficiency includes the survival rate and the growth rate of coverage;

[0027] The S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0028] S1-1. Quantification of physical damage intensity: Obtain millimeter-level substrate terrain data through lidar scanning. For the area where the shear strength is lower than 12 kPa and the monthly average erosion modulus exceeds 200 g per square meter per day, it is determined as physical degradation caused by tidal scour or ship anchoring; the area where the patch edge presents a serrated shape and the included angle between the extension direction and the main flow direction is less than 30 degrees is marked as the priority physical restoration area, and it also includes the following content:

[0029] Clarify the equipment parameters and the specific algorithm for determining physical damage, and supplement technical details to improve the objectivity of the analysis:

[0030] S1-1-1. Lidar scanning parameters: Use the RIEGL VZ-400i lidar, set the scanning resolution to 5 mm, the scanning frequency to 200 kHz, and the vertical accuracy to ±3 mm; after generating the three-dimensional point cloud model of the substrate, extract the micro-topography units with a shear strength lower than 12 kPa (unit area ≤ 1 m 2 ); Erosion modulus calculation: Calculate the monthly average erosion amount based on the point cloud data, and the formula is:

[0031]

[0032] where Δh i is the erosion thickness (m) of the i-th unit, ρ is the substrate density (g / cm 3 ), A is the area of the region (m 2 ), and T is the number of monitoring days (days);

[0033] S1-1-2. Priority Restoration Area Marking Rule: Determine the serrated edge of the patch. Extract the boundary through the edge detection algorithm (Canny operator), calculate the angle between the extension direction and the mainstream direction. If the average value of the angle < 30° and the standard deviation < 5°, it is marked as the priority physical restoration area;

[0034] S1-2. Precise Tracing of Pollution Sources: Combine satellite multispectral data with on-site rapid detection results. When the chlorophyll a concentration continuously exceeds 2.5 mg per cubic meter and the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved organic matter is lower than 0.8 per meter, it is determined as agricultural non-point source input eutrophication; Areas where the arsenic content continuously exceeds 15 mg per kilogram and the ratio of polychaetes or crustaceans is greater than three are identified as industrial heavy metal pollution hotspots, and also include the following content:

[0035] Describe the data fusion method and pollution tracing model, and supplement the algorithm logic and verification criteria:

[0036] S1-2-1. Data Fusion Method: After satellite multispectral data (Sentinel-2 MSI) and on-site detection results (portable water quality analyzer HACH DR900) are spatially registered (error ≤ 10 m), they are input into the random forest model. The features include band reflectance (B2 - B8), chlorophyll a concentration, and COD value, and the output is the probability of pollution type (agricultural non-point source / industrial pollution); For tracing verification, for the hotspots determined as industrial heavy metal pollution, collect sediment profile samples (depth 0 - 50 cm), and detect the arsenic, lead, and cadmium contents by ICP-MS. The vertical distribution concentration gradient is required to be > 20% to confirm the pollution source;

[0037] S1-2-2. Eutrophication Judgment Standard: When the chlorophyll a concentration > 2.5 mg / m 3 Further calculate the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio (N:P). If N:P > 16 and the proportion of cyanobacteria > 60%, it is determined as phosphorus-limited agricultural non-point source pollution;

[0038] S1-3. Quantitative Diagnosis of Seed Source Loss: Detect the seed bank density. Obtain surface 20 cm sediment samples through a column sampler. When the seed density is lower than five per square meter, it is determined that the reserve of natural propagules is insufficient; Test the asexual reproduction ability. Cut 20 cm rhizomes for cultivation. If the number of new tillers is lower than three per month, it is confirmed that the clonal expansion ability has declined; Analyze the reproductive allocation ratio. Dissect mature plants. When the proportion of reproductive branches is lower than 15%, it is determined that the investment in sexual reproduction is insufficient, and also include the following content:

[0039] The specifications of the sampling equipment and the specific operation process of the asexual reproduction ability test, and standardize the experimental conditions:

[0040] S1-3-1. Seed bank density detection specification: Use an Eijkelkamp column sampler (inner diameter 10 cm, length 30 cm) to collect surface 20 cm sediment samples according to the grid method (10 m × 10 m); after screening the samples (aperture 2 mm), count the number of complete seeds, repeat 3 times and take the average; for the asexual reproduction ability test, cut the eelgrass rhizome (length 20 cm, with 2 internodes), place it in a constant temperature incubator (25 °C, light intensity 2000 lx, 12-hour light cycle), measure the number of new tillers monthly, if the number of tillers < 3 for 3 consecutive months, it is determined that the clone expansion ability has declined;

[0041] S1-3-2. Reproductive allocation ratio analysis: Dissect mature plants (plant height > 30 cm), separate vegetative branches and reproductive branches, calculate the reproductive allocation ratio after drying and weighing:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, W repro : Dry weight of reproductive branches; W total : Total dry weight of the plant; R repro : Reproductive allocation ratio; if R repro < 15%, it is determined that the investment in sexual reproduction is insufficient;

[0044] S1-4. Substrate structure joint inspection: Jointly analyze substrate particle size and organic matter data: When the median particle size is greater than 0.25 mm and the organic matter is less than 5%, it is determined as physical coarsening degradation; when the median particle size is less than 0.1 mm and the organic matter is higher than 8%, it is confirmed as chemical degradation caused by fine particle adsorption of pollutants, and it also includes the following content:

[0045] Specify the particle size analysis standard and organic matter detection method:

[0046] S1-4-1. Particle size analysis standard: Use a laser particle size analyzer (Malvern Mastersizer3000), measurement range 0.01 - 3500 μm, repeat the measurement 3 times and take the median particle size (D50); for organic matter detection, use the potassium dichromate oxidation method, digestion temperature 170 °C, time 5 minutes, titration error ≤ 0.1 mL;

[0047] S1-4-2. Degradation type determination: Physical coarsening degradation: D50 > 0.25 mm and organic matter < 5%; Chemical degradation: D50 < 0.1 mm, organic matter > 8% and heavy metal adsorption amount (by BCR sequential extraction method) > 2 times the background value;

[0048] S1-5. Monitoring of ecological function variation: Obtain data on the abundance of benthic animals and seagrass coverage through box sampling. When the abundance of benthic animals is less than 200 per square meter and the annual decline rate of seagrass coverage exceeds 15%, trigger an ecosystem-level degradation alarm. Based on the sediment samples collected synchronously during box sampling, detect the seed germination rate, and generate a mandatory order for artificial replenishment of seed sources for areas where the seed germination rate continuously remains below 40%.

[0049] The specific steps of S2 are as follows:

[0050] S2-1. Implementation of restoration in the physically damaged dominant area: For physically degraded areas caused by tidal scour or ship anchoring, implement seagrass transplantation and three-dimensional protection projects; Select healthy eelgrass plants with intact rhizomes, and use special transplantation tools to vertically plant them at standard plant spacings, ensuring that the roots carry the original substrate; Synchronously arrange an array of anti-corrosion bamboo piles on the side of the main flow direction, and combine with natural stones to construct a wave-dissipating structure to significantly reduce the intensity of water flow impact; After transplantation, conduct periodic survival status verification, and evaluate the transplantation effect through the number of tillering leaves and the stability of the roots to ensure that the initial survival rate meets high-standard requirements; Use satellite remote sensing technology to quarterly analyze the change of vegetation index and monitor the recovery progress of seagrass coverage area. At the same time, it also includes the following content:

[0051] S2-1-1. Operation specifications for seagrass transplantation: Design of special transplantation tools, use a stainless steel transplantator with a circular cutting edge (diameter 15 cm, height 25 cm), and vertically insert it into the substrate through hydraulic drive to ensure a cutting depth of 30 cm, and completely extract the original substrate block containing rhizomes (volume ≥ 0.1 m 3 ); Planting standard, eelgrass plants are planted in a "pin" shape layout, with a plant spacing of 20 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm; During transplantation, keep the contact surface between the rhizome and the substrate moist, and use a biodegradable grid to fix the roots to prevent displacement after transplantation;

[0052] S2-1-2. Implementation of three-dimensional protection project: Arrangement of anti-corrosion bamboo pile array, select bamboo piles with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 2 m, and soak them in tung oil for anti-corrosion treatment; Arrange them in a staggered pattern at a spacing of 1 m along the upstream side of the main flow direction, bury them 0.8 m deep into the substrate, and expose 0.2 m above the water surface to slow down the water flow impact; Construction of a natural stone wave-dissipating structure, select basalt blocks with a diameter of 30-50 cm, stack them according to the principle of "sparse in the front and dense in the back" (the spacing between the bottom layer of stones is 50 cm, and the spacing between the top layer is 30 cm) to form a trapezoidal cross-section wave-dissipating belt with a height of 0.5 m; Fill the space between the stones with oyster shells (particle size 5-10 cm) to enhance the structural stability;

[0053] S2-1-3. Survival rate monitoring and evaluation: Initial verification, sampling and inspection are carried out on the 7th day and 30th day after transplantation respectively. It is required that the root stability index (RSI) ≥ 80% (RSI = number of stable plants / total number of transplanted plants × 100%), and the number of tillering leaves ≥ 3 per plant; Remote sensing monitoring, extracting the NDVI index through Sentinel-2 satellite images, quarterly analyzing the growth rate of the coverage area, and requiring the average annual growth rate ≥ 8%;

[0054] S2-2. Restoration implementation in pollution-dominated areas: For ecological degradation areas caused by industrial and agricultural pollution, implement substrate improvement and biological purification projects; Lay a sandy mixed layer with a specific ratio to adsorb heavy metal pollutants, and simultaneously proliferate filter-feeding shellfish to build a biological filtration barrier; Arrange submerged plant floating beds in eutrophic waters to effectively absorb excessive nutrients; Conduct electronic tagging management on key restored plants, regularly scan and record the growth and development status, and verify the adaptability under polluted stress environments; Use drones equipped with multi-spectral sensors to continuously track the process of improving the vegetation health in the restoration area, and it also includes the following content:

[0055] S2-2-1. Substrate improvement material ratio and construction: Laying of the sandy mixed layer, mixing quartz sand (particle size 0.5 - 1 mm): modified bentonite (adsorption capacity ≥ 200 mg / g): biochar (specific surface area ≥ 500 m 2 / g) according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1, laying thickness 10 cm, covering density 2.5 tons / 100 m 2 ; After laying, let it stand for 48 hours, and compact it to a porosity ≤ 35% after adsorption equilibrium; Heavy metal passivation treatment, in arsenic-polluted areas, additionally spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (dosage 5 L / m 2 ), to promote the conversion of arsenic into stable iron and manganese oxides;

[0056] S2-2-2. Construction of biological purification system: Selection and arrangement of filter-feeding shellfish, select the green mussel (Perna viridis), shell length 5 - 8 cm, and arrange them evenly at a density of 50 per m 2 ; The shellfish attachment base uses a PE rope net (mesh diameter 10 cm), and is vertically suspended in the middle layer of the water body in the restoration area (water depth 1 - 2 m); Configuration of submerged plant floating beds, plant Vallisneria natans, and plant them at 20 plants per m 2 on the floating bed (the frame is a PVC pipe, aperture 15 cm × 15 cm); The floating bed spacing is 2 m, arranged parallel to the water flow direction, and the coverage area ≥ 30% of the total area of the restoration area;

[0057] S2-2-3. Verification of pollution remediation effect: electronic tag management, implant RFID tags (frequency 13.56MHz) into the repaired plants, scan and record plant height, number of leaves and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) every month, and require the SPAD value to drop by ≤15% under pollution stress; drone monitoring, equipped with a hyperspectral camera (band range 400-1000nm), collect vegetation red edge parameters (such as NDVI705) every month, invert the vegetation stress index (VSI), and require VSI≤0.3 after 6 months of restoration;

[0058] S2-3. Implementation of restoration in seed-deficient areas: For areas with serious shortage of propagules, implement precise seed reseeding and community collaborative management projects; use advanced seeding equipment to sow coated high-vigor seeds, and increase seeding density in key areas; lay out biological buffer facilities in coastal zones to weaken wave erosion and protect the planting environment of new seedlings; establish a localized patrol mechanism, organize fishermen to participate in daily supervision, and feedback abnormal situations in real time through mobile terminals; set up standard sample plots to regularly count seed germination and plant growth data, and combine three-dimensional point cloud scanning technology to quantify the expansion trend of seagrass communities. It also includes the following contents:

[0059] S2-3-1. Technical specifications for precision seeding: The seeding device is designed with a pneumatic precision seeder, with a nozzle diameter of 5mm, a spray pressure of 0.3MPa, and a seeding depth of 5-8cm; the device has a built-in GPS positioning module, and automatically sows according to the preset grid coordinates (1m×1m), with a single sowing density of 15-20 seeds / m 2 ; Seed coating treatment process: the seed coating ingredients are chitosan (concentration 2%), gibberellin (50ppm) and nano zinc oxide (0.1%), and the coating thickness is 200-300μm; after treatment, the seeds need to be dried in a constant temperature box at 25℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the coating integrity is ≥95%;

[0060] S2-3-2. Construction of biological buffer facilities: The coastal zone wave-breaking structure uses coconut fiber woven bags (size 50cm×30cm) filled with coral debris (particle size 2-5cm), stacked in a "品" shape (layer height 0.5m, horizontal spacing 0.8m) to form a continuous buffer zone; salt-tolerant herbaceous plants (such as Salicornia) are planted on the top, with a density of 10 plants / m 2 , to enhance the anti-erosion ability; Wave erosion protection: HDPE wave-breaking nets (mesh diameter 10cm, tensile strength ≥50kN / m) are laid on the outside of the buffer zone, with a net anchoring depth of 1m and a spacing of 2m, installed at an angle of 45° to the mainstream, effectively reducing wave energy by more than 30%;

[0061] S2-3-3. Community collaborative management and protection mechanism: Patrol process. Fishermen conduct 2 patrols per day, use a customized mobile terminal (with waterproof and shockproof design) to take pictures and upload images of the restoration area to the cloud platform. When finding seedling lodging, bottom sediment exposure or human damage, mark the location within 1 hour and trigger an alarm. Data collection standard: Use a 3D laser scanner (accuracy ±1 cm) to obtain point cloud data of the restoration area every month, and calculate the seagrass community expansion rate (requirement ≥ 0.2 m 2 / month); At the same time, count the seed germination rate, and the requirement for the germination rate of coated seeds is ≥ 65%;

[0062] S2-4. Monitoring system: Build a multi-dimensional dynamic monitoring network. Deploy hydrological sensing equipment in the physical restoration area to continuously collect water flow parameters, deploy intelligent buoys in the polluted area to track water quality changes in real time, and establish an electronic fence in the seed source area to prevent human interference. Develop a data fusion analysis model to reveal the internal relationship between survival rate and project cost, and analyze the influence law of environmental factors on coverage restoration. Set up a hierarchical early warning response mechanism. When the core indicators deviate from the expected threshold, automatically trigger supplementary restoration measures. At the same time, through a combination of satellite remote sensing technology, drone multispectral monitoring, ground quadrat verification and sensor data collection, cross-verify the ecological restoration effect to ensure the scientificity and reliability of the evaluation results. It also includes the following content:

[0063] S2-4-1. Monitoring equipment deployment standard: Hydrological sensing equipment, select a multi-parameter water quality sensor (measurement range: flow velocity 0-2 m / s, turbidity 0-1000 NTU), deploy according to a 50 m × 50 m grid, and the burial depth is 0.3 m; The data collection frequency is once per hour, and it is wirelessly transmitted to the data center through LoRa; Intelligent buoy configuration, the buoy is equipped with pH, dissolved oxygen and COD sensors, and the deployment density is 1 per 200 m 2 ; Powered by solar energy, the data is transmitted back in real time and an automatic water quality change heat map is generated. Abnormal values (such as COD mutation > 5 mg / L) trigger an audible and visual alarm; Electronic fence system, the fence consists of an infrared sensor and a camera, with an induction distance of 10 m, covering the boundary of the restoration area; When a person is detected to intrude, automatically send a text message alarm to the management platform and start a voice warning broadcast;

[0064] S2-4-2. Data Fusion and Early Warning Mechanism: When integrating multi-source data, the seagrass coverage, water quality indicators, and equipment status data are weighted. Among them, the seagrass coverage accounts for 40%, the water quality indicators account for 35%, and the equipment status accounts for 25%. After weighted calculation, a comprehensive health index (CHI) ranging from 0 to 100 is output. The higher the CHI value, the stronger the stability of the ecosystem. The threshold is set to trigger a yellow warning when CHI < 70, and a red warning when CHI < 50; Response measures: initiate manual review (to be completed within 24 hours) when a yellow warning is issued; when a red warning is issued, automatically dispatch an unmanned ship for emergency seeding or sediment improvement, and simultaneously push emergency control instructions to the community.

[0065] Experimental Verification

[0066] I. Experimental Purpose

[0067] The purpose of this experiment is to verify the actual effect of the method for restoring seagrass beds through ecological interfaces, compare the differences between the method of the present invention and traditional restoration methods as well as natural restoration, and provide empirical evidence for the technical effects mentioned in the claims. The specific verification indicators include seagrass transplantation survival rate, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate in the polluted area, seed germination rate in the seed source area, and seagrass coverage growth rate, etc., and to investigate the stability and repeatability of this method during the long-term restoration process.

[0068] II. Experimental Design

[0069] 1. Sample Setting:

[0070] 1-1. Selection of Experimental Areas: Select three sea areas with typical degradation characteristics as experimental areas, namely the physically damaged dominant area, the pollution-dominated area, and the seed source missing dominant area;

[0071] 1-2. Quadrat Setting: Set 10 quadrats with an area of 50m 2 in each experimental area. The quadrats are randomly distributed and the distance between them is not less than 10m to ensure the independence and representativeness of the samples; at the same time, each quadrat is numbered and geographically located in detail for subsequent data collection and analysis;

[0072] 1-3. Control Group Setting:

[0073] Traditional Restoration Method Group: In each experimental area, select areas with environmental conditions similar to those of the experimental group quadrats and use traditional seagrass bed restoration methods for restoration, such as simple seagrass transplantation or simple sediment improvement. The materials and operation processes used in the traditional methods all follow the local common industry standards;

[0074] Natural Restoration Group: In each experimental area, select areas without any restoration intervention as the natural restoration group to compare the effect differences between the method of the present invention and natural restoration.

[0075] 2. Monitoring indicators:

[0076] 2-1. Seagrass transplantation survival rate: Count the number of surviving seagrasses after transplantation and calculate the survival rate to evaluate the impact of the restoration method on seagrass survival;

[0077] 2-2. COD removal rate in the polluted area: Regularly detect the COD content in the sediments and water bodies of the polluted area, calculate the COD removal rate, and measure the effects of substrate improvement and biological purification;

[0078] 2-3. Seed germination rate in the seed source area: Count the number of germinated coated seeds and uncoated seeds in the seed source area and calculate the seed germination rate to evaluate the effectiveness of seed treatment and sowing methods;

[0079] 2-4. Seagrass coverage growth rate: Use satellite remote sensing technology combined with field measurements to regularly monitor the seagrass coverage area and calculate the seagrass coverage growth rate to reflect the ecological restoration efficiency of seagrass beds.

[0080] 3. Data sources:

[0081] 3-1. Monitoring period design:

[0082] Seagrass transplantation survival rate: Monitor on the 7th, 30th, 90th, 180th, and 365th days after transplantation to examine the survival of seagrasses at different growth stages;

[0083] COD removal rate in the polluted area: Conduct a detection once every quarter and continuously monitor for 2 years to evaluate the long-term pollution treatment effect;

[0084] Seed germination rate in the seed source area: Count on the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th, and 90th days after sowing to observe the dynamic process of seed germination;

[0085] Seagrass coverage growth rate: Conduct satellite remote sensing monitoring once every six months, combined with annual field measurements, and continuously monitor for 3 years to comprehensively understand the long-term expansion of seagrass communities;

[0086] 3-2. Detection method design:

[0087] The number of surviving seagrasses is counted by the field counting method, and the operation is carried out by professional marine ecological survey personnel to ensure the accuracy of the counting;

[0088] The COD content is detected by the potassium dichromate method, and the absorbance is measured using a Hach DR6000 spectrophotometer, which is a commonly used high-precision instrument in the field of marine environment detection;

[0089] The seed germination situation is checked by regular observation and counting, and the seeds in the quadrat are inspected by random sampling;

[0090] The seagrass coverage area was analyzed using satellite remote sensing images combined with ArcGIS software, and the field measurement adopted the quadrat method to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0091] 3 - 3. Statistical tool: The SPSS 26.0 software was used to statistically analyze the experimental data. The t - test was adopted to compare the differences between the method of the present invention, the traditional method, and the natural recovery group, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. At the same time, methods such as analysis of variance were used to examine the differences between different time nodes and different experimental regions.

[0092] 4. Connection with the solution of Example 1: This experiment verification strictly followed the technical solution recorded in Example 1 and achieved seamless connection in terms of key technical parameters, operation procedures, and equipment materials.

[0093] III. Verification results

[0094] 1. Seagrass transplantation survival rate (Table 1)

[0095]

[0096] As can be seen from Table 1, in the experimental area dominated by physical damage, the seagrass survival rates at each time point after transplantation by the method of the present invention were significantly higher than those of the traditional method group and the natural recovery group. At 365 days after transplantation, the seagrass survival rate of the present invention group remained at 82.0 ± 4.5%, while that of the traditional method group was only 55.0 ± 6.0%, and that of the natural recovery group was only 20.0 ± 8.0%, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). This indicates that the repair method of the present invention can effectively improve the seagrass transplantation survival rate in the physical damage environment and has good long - term stability.

[0097] 2. COD removal rate in the polluted area (Table 2)

[0098]

[0099] As can be seen from Table 2, in the experimental area dominated by pollution, the COD removal effect of the method of the present invention was significantly better than that of the traditional method group and the natural recovery group. After 2 years of monitoring, the COD removal rate of the present invention group reached 42.0%, while that of the traditional method group was only 20.0%, and that of the natural recovery group was only 7.0%, and the difference was significant (p < 0.01). As time went by, the COD removal rate of the method of the present invention continued to increase, showing good long - term treatment effects.

[0100] 3. COD removal rate in the polluted area (Table 3)

[0101]

[0102] As can be seen from Table 3, in the experimental area dominated by the lack of provenance, the coated seed treatment method adopted by the present invention significantly improved the seed germination rate; 90 days after sowing, the germination rate of the coated seeds in the present invention group reached 70.0%, which was significantly higher than that of the uncoated seeds (50.0%), the traditional method group (40.0%) and the natural recovery group (25.0%), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01); and during the entire monitoring period, the germination rate of the coated seeds continued to rise, indicating that the seed coating treatment had a good effect on promoting seed germination.

[0103] 4. COD removal rate in the polluted area (Table 4)

[0104]

[0105] As can be seen from Table 4, during the entire monitoring period, the seagrass coverage growth rate under the method of the present invention was significantly higher than that of the traditional method group and the natural recovery group; after 3 years, the seagrass coverage growth rate of the present invention group reached 10.5%, while that of the traditional method group was only 4.0%, and that of the natural recovery group was only 2.5%, and the difference was significant (p<0.01); this fully proves that the restoration method of the present invention can effectively promote the long-term expansion of the seagrass community, increase the seagrass coverage area, and accelerate the ecological restoration of the seagrass bed.

[0106] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the descriptions in the specification are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for restoring seagrass beds through an ecological interface, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Through multispectral satellite imagery, UAV lidar and underwater sonar scanning remote sensing technology, combined with on-site sediment sampling, the water quality parameters, bottom stability and biological community data of the target area are obtained, and the dominant factors of degradation are determined through the following coupled analysis: when the tidal channel density is less than or equal to 0.5 km / km 2 And the bottom compaction degree is greater than 1.5g / cm 3 If the arsenic content in the sediment is greater than 15 mg / kg or the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is greater than 40 mg / L, and the proportion of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community is greater than 60%, then it is confirmed to be pollution-dominated; when the seed bank density is less than 5 grains / m 2 When the soil salinity is greater than 25‰, it is determined to be dominated by seed loss; if multiple conditions are met at the same time, the contribution of each factor to biomass loss is calculated, and the category with a contribution greater than 50% is selected as the main cause; based on the data, the dominant factor of degradation is identified, and the dominant factor of degradation includes at least one of physical destruction, pollution or seed loss; S2. Based on the dominant degradation factors identified in S1, a test area is delineated within the target area and matched with at least two restoration combinations, wherein the restoration combination is selected from a combination of artificial transplantation of seaweed seedlings, seed sowing, bottom soil improvement, community management or ecological engineering protection, wherein: for areas dominated by physical damage, the method of artificial transplantation of seaweed seedlings and ecological engineering protection is adopted; for areas dominated by pollution, the method of bottom soil improvement and ecological engineering protection is adopted; for areas with seed source deficiency, the method of seed sowing, community management and ecological engineering protection is adopted; and simultaneously, the ecological restoration efficiency of each combination is continuously monitored, and the ecological restoration efficiency includes the survival rate and coverage growth rate.

2. A method for restoring seagrass beds through an ecological interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 specifically includes the following steps: S1-1. Quantification of physical damage intensity: Millimeter-level bottom topography data is obtained through laser radar scanning. Areas with shear strength lower than 12kPa and monthly average erosion modulus higher than 200g per square meter per day are judged as physical degradation caused by tidal scouring or ship anchoring; areas with jagged edges and an angle of less than 30 degrees between the extension direction and the mainstream direction are marked as priority physical restoration areas; S1-2. Accurate tracing of pollution types: Combined with satellite multispectral data and on-site rapid test results, when the chlorophyll a concentration is continuously higher than 2.5 mg per cubic meter and the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved organic matter is lower than 0.8 per meter, it is determined to be eutrophication from agricultural non-point sources; areas with arsenic content continuously higher than 15 mg per kilogram and a polychaete or crustacean ratio greater than three are confirmed as industrial heavy metal pollution hotspots; S1-3. Quantitative diagnosis of seed source deficiency: Seed bank density detection, obtain 20cm sediment samples from the surface through a columnar sampler. When the seed density is less than five seeds per square meter, it is judged that the natural reproductive body reserve is insufficient; asexual reproduction ability test, cut 20cm rhizomes for cultivation, if the number of new tillers is less than three per month, it is confirmed that the clonal expansion ability is declining; reproductive allocation ratio analysis, dissect mature plants, when the proportion of reproductive branches is less than 15%, it is judged that the investment in sexual reproduction is insufficient; S1-4. Joint inspection of bottom sediment structure: Combined analysis of bottom sediment particle size and organic matter data: When the median particle size is greater than 0.25 mm and the organic matter is less than 5%, it is determined to be physical coarsening and degradation; when the median particle size is less than 0.1 mm and the organic matter is higher than 8%, it is confirmed to be chemical degradation caused by fine particle adsorption of pollutants; S1-5. Monitoring of changes in ecological functions: Obtain benthic animal abundance and seagrass coverage data through box sampling. When the benthic animal abundance is less than 200 per square meter and the annual decline in seagrass coverage exceeds 15%, an ecosystem-level degradation alarm is triggered. The seed germination rate is tested based on sediment samples collected simultaneously with box sampling. For areas where the seed germination rate continues to be less than 40%, mandatory instructions for artificial seed supplementation are generated.

3. The method for restoring seagrass beds through ecological interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes the following steps: S2-1. Implementation of restoration in areas dominated by physical damage: For areas of physical degradation caused by tidal scouring or ship anchoring, seagrass transplantation and three-dimensional protection projects are implemented; healthy eelgrass plants with intact rhizomes are selected, and special transplanting tools are used to vertically plant them at standard plant spacing to ensure that the roots carry the original substrate; an array of antiseptic bamboo piles is simultaneously laid on the mainstream side, and a wave-breaking structure is constructed in combination with natural stone to significantly reduce the impact intensity of water flow; periodic survival status checks are carried out after transplantation, and the transplantation results are evaluated by the number of tillering leaves and the stability of the root system to ensure that the initial survival rate meets high standards; satellite remote sensing technology is used to analyze vegetation index changes quarterly to monitor the progress of seagrass coverage recovery; S2-2. Implementation of restoration in pollution-dominated areas: Implement bottom improvement and biological purification projects in ecologically degraded areas caused by industrial and agricultural pollution; lay a sandy mixed layer with a specific ratio to absorb heavy metal pollutants, and simultaneously multiply filter-feeding shellfish to build a biological filtration barrier; lay submerged plant floating beds in eutrophic waters to effectively absorb excess nutrients; electronically mark key restoration plants, regularly scan and record their growth and development status, and verify their adaptability under pollution stress environments; use drones equipped with multispectral sensors to continuously track the progress of vegetation health improvement in restoration areas; S2-3. Implementation of restoration in seed-deficient areas: Implement precision seeding and community collaborative management projects in areas with severe reproductive deficiency; use advanced seeding equipment to sow coated high-vigor seeds, and increase seeding density in key areas; deploy biological buffer facilities along the coast to reduce wave erosion and protect the environment for new seedlings to settle; establish a localized patrol mechanism, organize fishermen to participate in daily supervision, and provide real-time feedback on abnormal situations through mobile terminals; set up standard plots to regularly count seed germination and plant growth data, and combine 3D point cloud scanning technology to quantify the expansion trend of seagrass communities; S2-4. Monitoring system: Construct a multi-dimensional dynamic monitoring network, deploy hydrological sensor equipment in the physical restoration area to continuously collect water flow parameters, deploy intelligent buoys in the polluted area to track water quality changes in real time, and establish electronic fences in the seed source area to prevent human interference; develop a data fusion analysis model to reveal the intrinsic relationship between survival rate and engineering cost, and analyze the impact of environmental factors on coverage restoration; establish a graded early warning response mechanism to automatically trigger supplementary restoration measures when core indicators deviate from the expected threshold; at the same time, cross-validate the ecological restoration effect through a combination of satellite remote sensing technology, drone multi-spectral monitoring, ground sample verification, and sensor data collection.

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