Efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of railway ballast cleaning, in particular to an efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine and a using method thereof.The railway ballast screening machine comprises a rack, a railway ballast conveying device, a first-stage screening device, a second-stage screening device, a first cleaning railway ballast bin, a second cleaning railway ballast bin and a waste conveying device, and the railway ballast conveying device, the first-stage screening device, the second-stage screening device, the first cleaning railway ballast bin, the second cleaning railway ballast bin and the waste conveying device are located on the rack; the bottom of the first cleaning railway ballast bin is provided with first filling openings located in the two sides of the railway, the bottom of the second cleaning railway ballast bin is provided with a second filling opening located in the middle of the railway, and the first filling openings are located behind the second filling opening. According to the efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine and the using method thereof, multi-stage screening can be conducted on railway ballasts, the screened railway ballasts can be used in different stages and different positions during backfilling, the stability of railway ballast layers is improved, meanwhile, the waste railway ballast recovery rate of the screening machine is improved, and the railway operation cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of railway ballast cleaning, and particularly to an efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine and its use method. Background Art

[0002] For railway lines in long-term operation, due to the influence of train loads and environmental factors, the ballast in the roadbed will gradually be broken. In addition, in sections where heavy-haul freight trains transporting coal, ore, etc. frequently pass, in addition to the ballast being broken due to train loads, the ballast will also be polluted, resulting in the phenomenon of mud pumping. This kind of pollution not only causes the roadbed to lose its elasticity, but also seriously affects its drainage capacity, and then leads to the "hardening" of the roadbed. The hardening of the roadbed poses a serious threat to the safety and efficiency of railway transportation. Therefore, regular cleaning is particularly important. Through cleaning, the performance of the roadbed can be effectively restored, the stability and safety of the railway line can be ensured, and thus the smooth progress of transportation production can be guaranteed.

[0003] It can be seen that ballast cleaning is a key step in railway line maintenance, which can help restore the elasticity and drainage performance of the roadbed. Currently, screening machines are used for ballast cleaning. For example, in the prior art, the invention patent with the application number 201710601525.4 and the name of a railway ballast cleaning machine discloses that the cleaning process of the cleaning machine is to excavate the polluted ballast within a depth range of 30 to 40 cm below the sleeper bottom, separate it through a screening device, and after screening, refill the qualified ballast back into the line, and at the same time supplement some new ballast to build a clean and functionally perfect roadbed structure.

[0004] However, during the use of current ballast screening machines, generally only synchronous primary screening is carried out, and different-level screening is not performed. Even when screening different specifications, the purpose of screening is to screen out more impurity mixtures. During the screening process of the above prior art, a large amount of ballast waste is easily caused, and there is still ballast that can be recycled in these wastes, resulting in a waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the above problems, the main object of the present invention is to provide an efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine and its use method. The screening machine can perform multi-level screening, and when the screened ballast is backfilled, it is used at different levels and different positions, improving the stability of the railway ballast layer while also increasing the recovery rate of waste ballast of the screening machine and reducing the railway operation cost.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine, which includes a frame and a ballast conveying device, a first-stage screening device, a second-stage screening device, a first clean ballast bin, a second clean ballast bin and a waste conveying device located on the frame. The bottom of the first clean ballast bin is provided with a first filling port, and the first filling port is located on both sides of the railway. The bottom of the second clean ballast bin is provided with a second filling port, and the second filling port is located in the middle position of the railway. The first filling port is located behind the second filling port, and a leveling device is provided between the first filling port and the second filling port. A ramming device is provided behind the first filling port.

[0007] In other preferred embodiments, the first-stage screening device includes a first screen, a first driving motor and a first conveying device. The output end of the first driving motor is rotationally connected to an eccentric block, and the eccentric block is connected to the first screen. The first conveying device conveys the ballast that has not passed through the first screen into the first clean ballast bin. The second-stage screening device includes a second screen, a second driving motor and a second conveying device. The output end of the second driving motor is rotationally connected to an eccentric block, and the eccentric block is connected to the second screen. The second conveying device conveys the ballast that has passed through the first screen and has not passed through the second screen into the second clean ballast bin.

[0008] In other preferred embodiments, the first screen is located above the second screen, and the aperture of the first screen is larger than the aperture of the second screen.

[0009] In other preferred embodiments, the leveling device includes a scraper. The lower bottom of the scraper is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped bodies, and a wide slit hole with a consistent width is provided between adjacent strip-shaped bodies. Connecting shafts are respectively provided on both sides of the scraper, and side baffles are sleeved on the connecting shafts. The connections between both sides of the side baffles and the connecting shafts are fixed by nuts. The outer ends of the connecting shafts are connected with mounting parts, and a plurality of first mounting holes and a plurality of second mounting holes are provided at the upper ends of the mounting parts. The directions of the first mounting holes and the second mounting holes are perpendicular.

[0010] In other preferred embodiments, the ramming device includes a clamping device, a vibrator and a plurality of tamping picks. The clamping device is used to fix the tamping picks and provide a downward pressure, and the vibrator is used to vibrate the tamping picks.

[0011] In other preferred embodiments, the first-stage screening device and the second-stage screening device are located in a screening bin. The screening bin is fixed on the frame. The bottom of the screening bin is inclined, and a dust removal port is provided at the lower edge of the bottom of the screening bin. A dust collection box is externally connected to the dust removal port, and a cleaning brush is provided at the connection between the dust collection box and the dust removal port.

[0012] In other preferred embodiments, a plurality of first fasteners are provided on the outer walls on both sides of the dust removal port, and a plurality of second fasteners are provided at the upper ends of the inner walls on both sides of the dust collection box. The first fasteners and the second fasteners are detachably installed. The first fastener includes an integrally formed mounting plate and a support plate, and the second fastener includes an integrally formed positioning plate and a fastening plate.

[0013] In other preferred embodiments, the cross-sections of the mounting plate, the positioning plate, the support plate, and the fastening plate are all L-shaped, and the widths of their cross-sections decrease in sequence. The mounting plate is fixed to the dust removal port by screws, the positioning plate is fixed to the dust collection box by screws, the support plate is located between the positioning plate and the fastening plate, and coaxial positioning holes are provided in the positioning plate, the support plate, the fastening plate, and the mounting plate in sequence from top to bottom.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for using an efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine, including the following steps: S1: The ballast to be screened by the railway ballast screening machine is the ballast that has been preliminarily decontaminated. The ballast enters the ballast conveying device and is conveyed by it to the first screening device. The small-particle-size ballast mixture passing through the first screening device enters the second screening device, while the large-particle-size ballast that does not pass through the first screening device enters the first clean ballast bin; S2: The second ballast screening device continues to screen the above-mentioned small-particle-size ballast mixture. The small-particle-size ballast screened out enters the second clean ballast bin, and the ballast mixture with a smaller particle size passes through the second ballast screening device and then enters the waste conveying device for collection; S3: Since the second filling port at the bottom of the second clean ballast bin is in front of the first filling port at the bottom of the first clean ballast bin, therefore, the railway roadbed is first paved by the second filling port. As the entire ballast screening machine moves forward, the small-particle-size ballast continuously falls from the second filling port and is laid at the bottom of the railway roadbed, and then is adjusted to a uniform and flat surface by means of a leveling device; S4: Finally, the position where the small-particle-size ballast has been laid passes through the first filling port, and the large-particle-size ballast falling from the first filling port continues to be laid above the small-particle-size ballast, forming a layered laying structure in the vertical direction, and then is compacted and reinforced by a compaction device.

[0015] Through the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0016] (1) The efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention is provided with two-stage screening devices. The two-stage screening can respectively screen out large-particle-size ballast, small-particle-size ballast, and other impurity mixtures. Among them, the large-particle-size ballast is relatively complete, while the small-particle-size ballast is the ballast stone particles that have been broken but not completely contaminated or damaged. The screening machine of the present invention lays the small-particle-size ballast at the bottom in the middle of the roadbed, and the large-particle-size ballast is laid on the top layer, especially on both sides of the railway, that is, on both sides of the rails on the railway, thereby improving the stability of the roadbed, increasing the recovery rate of waste ballast, and reducing the railway maintenance cost;

[0017] (2) Additionally, during the use of the screening machine of the present invention, a leveling device is also provided. This device can evenly spread the small-sized ballast at the bottom layer. In particular, the leveling device can prevent the ballast from being spread on both sides of the roadbed during the spreading process, resulting in waste, and can also make the laying of the ballast more uniform, improving the force stability of the railway track.

[0018] (3) In addition, during the screening work of the ballast, it is most likely to cause dust to fly, which will affect the staff and the surrounding environment. The screening machine of the present invention is provided with a screening bin, which can collect the dust generated during the screening process of the ballast. There is no need to use water spraying treatment, and during the dust collection process, the dust will not fall off due to the displacement and shaking of the screening machine on the railway track, improving the stability of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the leveling device of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the roadbed laid after using the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of another layered roadbed.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the screening bin of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 It is of the present invention Figure 6 The enlarged structural view of part A.

[0027] Figure 8 It is a sectional view of the screening bin of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0028] DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0029] 10. Frame; 11. Ballast conveying device; 12. First cleaned ballast bin; 121. First filling port; 13. Second cleaned ballast bin; 131. Second filling port; 14. Waste conveying device; 15. First screen; 151. First conveying device; 16. Second screen; 161. Second conveying device; 20. Leveling device; 21. Scraper; 22. Strip-shaped body; 23. Wide slot hole; 24. Connecting shaft; 25. Side baffle; 26. Mounting member; 261. First mounting hole; 262. Second mounting hole; 30. Screening bin; 31. Dust removal port; 311. Mounting plate; 312. Support plate; 32. Dust collection box; 321. Positioning plate; 322. Clamping plate; 33. Cleaning brush; 34. Screw; 35. Positioning hole; 36. Motor; 40. Tamping device; 50. Bottom ballast layer; 60. Upper ballast layer; 70. Railway track; 80. Sleeper. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to fully understand the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] As Figure 1 shown, it is a schematic structural diagram of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention. The ballast screening machine in this embodiment is provided with a frame 10 and a ballast conveying device 11, a first-stage screening device, a second-stage screening device, a first cleaned ballast bin 12, a second cleaned ballast bin 13 and a waste conveying device 14 located on the frame 10. Among them, track wheels are provided at the bottom of the frame 10, and a power device is provided on the frame. The power device drives the frame 10 to move on the railway track. In addition, a first filling port 121 is provided at the bottom of the first cleaned ballast bin 12. The first filling port 121 is located on both sides of the railway. In other words, the first filling port 121 can be two, and the two first filling ports 121 are located at both ends of the bottom of the first cleaned ballast bin 12. A second filling port 131 is provided at the bottom of the second cleaned ballast bin 13. The second filling port 131 is located in the middle of the railway. The first filling port 121 is located behind the second filling port 131. In addition, a leveling device 20 is provided between the first filling port 121 and the second filling port 131, and a tamping device 40 is provided behind the first filling port 121.

[0032] Please continue to refer to Figure 1As shown, the first-stage screening device of this embodiment is provided with a first screen 15, a first driving motor (not shown in the figure), and a first conveying device 151. The output end of the first driving motor is rotationally connected to an eccentric block, and the eccentric block is connected to the first screen 15. The first driving motor drives the eccentric block to rotate, thereby driving the first screen 15 to vibrate. This process is a conventional technical means in the prior art and will not be elaborated here. The first conveying device 151 conveys the ballast that has not passed through the first screen 15 into the first clean ballast bin 12. The first conveying device 151 here can be a conveyor belt. The second-stage screening device is provided with a second screen 16, a second driving motor (not shown in the figure), and a second conveying device 161. The output end of the second driving motor is rotationally connected to an eccentric block, and the eccentric block is connected to the second screen 16. Similarly, the second driving device here also drives the eccentric block to rotate, thereby realizing the vibration screening function of the second screen 16. The second conveying device 161 conveys the ballast that has passed through the first screen 15 but not through the second screen 16 into the second clean ballast bin 13. The second conveying device 161 can be a conveyor belt. It should be noted that the first screen 15 is located above the second screen 16, and the aperture of the first screen 15 is larger than that of the second screen 16. Therefore, the material passing through the first screen 15 will enter the second screen 16 for screening again.

[0033] The usage method of the ballast screening machine in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: The ballast to be screened by this railway ballast screening machine is the ballast that has been preliminarily decontaminated. For example, the ballast on the original railway has been cleared of large-particle impurities. The preliminarily decontaminated ballast is conveyed to the ballast conveying device 11, and then conveyed by it to the first screening device. The small-particle-size ballast mixture passing through the first screening device enters the second screening device, while the large-particle-size ballast that has not passed through the first screening device enters the first clean ballast bin 12; S2: The second ballast screening device continues to screen the above-mentioned small-particle-size ballast mixture. The small-particle-size ballast screened out enters the second clean ballast bin 13, while the ballast mixture with an even smaller particle size passes through the second ballast screening device and then enters the waste conveying device 14 for further processing. For example, the waste conveying device 14 transports the ballast waste to another railcar or piles it beside the railway, and then it is transported by other transport vehicles; S3: Since the second filling port 131 at the bottom of the second clean ballast bin 13 is located in front of the first filling port 121 at the bottom of the first clean ballast bin 12, therefore, as the frame 10 moves towards Figure 1When moving forward in the direction of the arrow shown in , the second filling port 131 is first used to lay the middle bottom of the railway track bed. As the entire ballast screening machine moves forward, the small-diameter ballast falls from the second filling port 131 and is continuously laid on the bottom of the middle position of the railway track bed, and then is adjusted to a uniform and flat surface with the help of the leveling device 20; S4: Finally, the position where the small-diameter ballast is laid passes through the first filling port 121 again, and the large-diameter ballast falling from the first filling port 121 continues to be laid above the small-diameter ballast, especially on both sides of the rails, forming a layered laying structure from the vertical direction, and then is compacted and reinforced by the compacting device 40.

[0034] At present, in the prior art, when the ballast after screening is backfilled, the ballast that fully meets the road requirements is backfilled into the original roadbed, while the ballast that does not meet the standards or is close to the size requirements will be directly discarded or used for other purposes, which invisibly increases the cost of ballast screening. Even if the ballast backfill process is backfilled in layers (such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the ballasts at different positions are not distinguished. Therefore, after the railway section after ballast screening is put into use, it is found that its service life is not as long as the service life of the ballast backfilled after level distinction and position distinction in this embodiment. This is because during the use of the rails, the pressures borne by the ballasts below them are different. Although the main function of the ballast is to buffer the pressure borne, the pressure borne by the ballasts on both sides of the rails is more obvious, and the ballast at the bottom of the roadbed provides another stable foundation, and the external forces borne by the two are not the same.

[0035] See also Figure 2 As shown, it is a structural schematic diagram of the leveling device 20 in this embodiment. The leveling device 20 in this embodiment is provided with a scraper 21, and a plurality of strip bodies 22 are provided at the lower bottom of the scraper 21. Wide slit holes 23 with uniform width are provided between adjacent strip bodies 22. Connecting shafts 24 are fixedly provided on both sides of the scraper 21, and side baffles 25 are sleeved on the connecting shafts 24. The side baffles 25 are movably sleeved on the corresponding connecting shafts 24. The connection points between the two sides of the side baffles 25 and the connecting shafts 24 are fixed by nuts. Therefore, a matching threaded structure is provided on the connecting shaft 24. The outer end of the connecting shaft 24 is connected to a mounting member 26, and the upper end of the mounting member 26 is provided with a plurality of first mounting holes 261 and a plurality of second mounting holes 262, and the directions of the first mounting holes 261 and the second mounting holes 262 are perpendicular.

[0036] The leveling device 20 in this embodiment is different from the scraper or other ballast-flattening structures in the prior art. The leveling device 20 in this embodiment is provided with a scraper 21 in the transverse direction of the railway, and a strip body 22 is provided at the bottom of the scraper 21. The width of the wide slot hole 23 between the strip bodies 22 is larger than the diameter of the small-diameter ballast, or much larger than the diameter. The leveling device 20 is installed at the bottom of the frame 10 by inserting a screw or a screw in the first mounting hole 261 or the second mounting hole 262. When the scraper 21 moves forward with the frame 10, the ballast can be leveled. The small-diameter ballast that falls in the middle of the rail is evenly pushed away, and in the process of pushing away, since side baffles 25 are also arranged on both sides of the scraper 21, the side baffles 25 can prevent the ballast on both sides from being laid to both sides of the rail during the process of pushing away the ballast, further limiting the laying position of the small-diameter ballast, and the two side baffles 25 can also assist the paving process of the scraper 21, which is equivalent to limiting the ballast between the two side baffles 25 in the directions on both sides, and in the process of pushing away the ballast, it can only be paved in the two directions of forward or backward of the frame 10, which is beneficial to improving the working efficiency of the leveling device 20.

[0037] In addition, in this embodiment, the tamping device 40 is provided with a clamping device, a vibrator and a plurality of tamping picks. The tamping picks are located at the bottom of the clamping device. The clamping device is used to fix the tamping picks and provide downward pressure. The vibrator is used to vibrate the tamping picks. The clamping device and the tamping picks are arranged on both sides of the rail, that is, behind the first filling port 121. The second tamping device 40 tamps the large-diameter ballast under the rail to further improve the stability of the ballast foundation.

[0038] See also Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , it is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ballast bed laid after using the screening machine of the present embodiment. The ballast bed laid by the screening machine of the present embodiment has the ballast dropped from the second filling port 131 laid at the middle position at the bottom, and then the ballast is evenly spread by means of the leveling device 20 to form a bottom ballast layer 50. Then the first filling port 121 is passed through the same position. The two first filling ports 121 are located on both sides of the rail. Therefore, the ballast flowing out of the first filling port 121 is piled on both sides of the upper layer of the bottom ballast layer 50, and then reinforced by means of the tamping device 40 to form an upper ballast layer 60. The present embodiment The middle bottom ballast layer 50 is located at the bottom of the middle position, while the upper ballast layer 60 is located below the rail 70, and in particular, a stacking structure is formed below the rail 70. Although compared with the prior art, the sleepers 80 are placed on the upper ballast layer 60, the pressures borne by different positions on the sleepers 80 are different, especially the greatest pressure on the rail 70. Therefore, the upper ballast layer 60 of this embodiment forms a bulge below the rail 70, which improves the overall stability of the rail 70. At the same time, waste ballast can be recycled in stages, the recycling rate can be improved, and the maintenance cost can be reduced to a great extent.

[0039] In addition, the present invention also proposes another embodiment, in which the screening machine is further provided with a screening bin 30, such as Figure 5 As shown, the first-stage screening device and the second-stage screening device are located in the screening bin 30. During the screening of ballast, the vibrating screening step is extremely likely to generate a large amount of dust. The dust removal device in the current prior art, on the one hand, uses a water spray dust reduction method, which consumes a large amount of water resources. However, in areas where water resources are scarce, it is impossible to achieve timely dust reduction treatment. On the other hand, a dust suction treatment method is adopted, such as using a dust suction fan or other fans with dust suction functions, etc., to achieve the purpose of dust reduction and dust removal. However, this method requires the use of a large amount of power, consumes energy, and invisibly increases the cost of dust removal. Regardless of which of the above dust removal methods is used, or improvements made on the basis of the above methods, water resources, electricity or other fuel consumption resources are required, and these dust removal devices need to move on the rails with the frame 10, and are not used in a static environment. Therefore, this process is likely to shorten the service life of the equipment. In the present embodiment, a screening bin 30 is additionally provided. Although the screening bin 30 is not a fully enclosed structure, an inlet is arranged thereon for the entry of the ballast conveying device 11, and a plurality of side outlets are also arranged thereon. These side outlets are used for the normal output of the first conveying device 151, the second conveying device 161 and the waste conveying device 14. However, its unenclosed state does not affect the dust removal and dust reduction effect. Since the dust particles in the ballast screening process are relatively large, most of the dust can be processed by attaching them for dust reduction. Therefore, the screening bin 30 in the present embodiment can effectively reduce the dust in the screening process without consuming water resources or other energy consumption.

[0040] See also Figure 5 Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the screening bin 30 is fixed on the frame 10, and the bottom of the screening bin 30 is inclined. A dust removal port 31 is provided at the lower edge of the bottom of the screening bin 30. A dust collecting box 32 is externally connected to the dust removal port 31. A cleaning brush 33 is provided at the connection between the dust collecting box 32 and the dust removal port 31. A motor 36 is provided on one side of the cleaning brush 33. The motor 36 is fixed to the outside of one end of the dust removal port 31. A plurality of first clamps are provided on the outer walls of both sides of the dust removal port 31, and a plurality of second clamps are provided on the upper ends of the inner walls of both sides of the dust collection box 32. The first clamps and the second clamps can be detachably installed, as shown in FIG. Figure 7As shown, the first card member here is provided with an integrally formed mounting plate 311 and a support plate 312, and the second card member is provided with an integrally formed positioning plate 321 and a fastening plate 322. The cross-sections of the mounting plate 311, the positioning plate 321, the support plate 312, and the fastening plate 322 are all L-shaped, and the widths of their cross-sections decrease in sequence, that is, the width of the cross-section is mounting plate 311 > positioning plate 321 > support plate 312 > fastening plate 322. The mounting plate 311 is fixed to the dust removal port 31 by screws 34, the positioning plate 321 is fixed to the dust collection box 32 by screws 34, the support plate 312 is located between the positioning plate 321 and the fastening plate 322, and the positioning plate 321, the support plate 312, the fastening plate 322, and the mounting plate 311 are successively provided with coaxial positioning holes 35 from top to bottom.

[0041] During the use of the screening bin 30 in this embodiment, a dust collection box 32 is connected externally to the outside of the dust removal port 31 at the bottom of the screening bin 30. The fixing method between the two is by buckling the first card member and the second card member. Since after buckling, the positioning plate 321, the support plate 312, the fastening plate 322, and the mounting plate 311 are successively provided with coaxial positioning holes 35 from top to bottom, structures such as screws, pin shafts, or other screw rods can be installed in the positioning holes 35 to fix the above two card members. And this structure is different from ordinary fixing methods such as locks or hinges. During the movement of the screening bin 30 along with the frame 10, and due to the large external vibration forces and the like borne by the screening bin 30, it is easy to cause the dust collection box 32 to become loose or fall off. However, in this embodiment, along with the vibration or movement of the frame 10, etc., the dust collection box 32 and the dust removal port 31 are closer. This is because the second card member is buckled downward on the first card member. Even if the vibration amplitude is larger, it will not fall off downward. Additionally, by means of the fixing method of installing screws, pin shafts, or other screw rods in the positioning holes 35, which are also installed downward, it can also prevent misalignment between the two card members, making it more reinforced and stable.

[0042] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine, characterized in that, It includes a frame (10) and a ballast conveying device (11), a first-stage screening device, a second-stage screening device, a first clean ballast bin (12), a second clean ballast bin (13) and a waste conveying device (14) located on the frame (10). A first filling port (121) is provided at the bottom of the first clean ballast bin (12), and the first filling port (121) is located on both sides of the railway. A second filling port (131) is provided at the bottom of the second clean ballast bin (13), and the second filling port (131) is located at the middle position of the railway. The first filling port (121) is located behind the second filling port (131). A leveling device (20) is provided between the first filling port (121) and the second filling port (131), and a ramming device (40) is provided behind the first filling port (121).

2. The efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first-stage screening device includes a first screen (15), a first driving motor and a first conveying device (151). The output end of the first driving motor is rotationally connected to an eccentric block, and the eccentric block is connected to the first screen (15). The first conveying device (151) conveys the ballast that has not passed through the first screen (15) into the first clean ballast bin (12). The second-stage screening device includes a second screen (16), a second driving motor and a second conveying device (161). The output end of the second driving motor is rotationally connected to an eccentric block, and the eccentric block is connected to the second screen (16). The second conveying device (161) conveys the ballast that has passed through the first screen (15) but not through the second screen (16) into the second clean ballast bin (13).

3. The efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first screen (15) is located above the second screen (16), and the aperture of the first screen (15) is larger than the aperture of the second screen (16).

4. The efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling device (20) includes a scraper (21). A number of strip-shaped bodies (22) are provided at the lower bottom of the scraper (21), and uniformly wide slit holes (23) are provided between adjacent strip-shaped bodies (22). Connecting shafts (24) are respectively provided on both sides of the scraper (21), and side baffles (25) are sleeved on the connecting shafts (24). The connections between both sides of the side baffles (25) and the connecting shafts (24) are fixed with nuts. The outer ends of the connecting shafts (24) are connected with mounting parts (26). A number of first mounting holes (261) and a number of second mounting holes (262) are provided at the upper ends of the mounting parts (26), and the directions of the first mounting holes (261) and the second mounting holes (262) are perpendicular.

5. The efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ramming device (40) includes a clamping device, a vibrator and a number of tamping picks. The clamping device is used to fix the tamping picks and provide a downward pressure, and the vibrator is used to vibrate the tamping picks.

6. The efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first-stage screening device and the second-stage screening device are located inside the screening bin (30). The screening bin (30) is fixed on the frame (10). The bottom of the screening bin (30) is inclined. A dust removal port (31) is provided at the lower edge of the bottom of the screening bin (30). A dust collection box (32) is externally connected to the dust removal port (31). A cleaning brush (33) is provided at the connection between the dust collection box (32) and the dust removal port (31).

7. The efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, A number of first clamping members are provided on the outer walls on both sides of the dust removal port (31). A number of second clamping members are provided at the upper ends of the inner walls on both sides of the dust collection box (32). The first clamping members and the second clamping members are detachably installed. The first clamping member includes an integrally formed mounting plate (311) and a support plate (312). The second clamping member includes an integrally formed positioning plate (321) and a fastening plate (322).

8. The efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cross-sections of the mounting plate (311), the positioning plate (321), the support plate (312), and the fastening plate (322) are all L-shaped, and the widths of their cross-sections decrease in sequence. The mounting plate (311) is fixed to the dust removal port (31) by screws (34). The positioning plate (321) is fixed to the dust collection box (32) by screws (34). The support plate (312) is located between the positioning plate (321) and the fastening plate (322). Coaxial positioning holes (35) are provided on the positioning plate (321), the support plate (312), the fastening plate (322), and the mounting plate (311) from top to bottom in sequence.

9. The usage method of the efficient multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: The ballast to be screened by this railway ballast screening machine is the ballast that has been preliminarily decontaminated. The ballast enters the ballast conveying device (11) and is conveyed by it to the first screening device. The small particle size ballast mixture passing through the first screening device enters the second screening device, while the large particle size ballast that does not pass through the first screening device enters the first clean ballast bin (12); S2: The second ballast screening device continues to screen the above-mentioned small particle size ballast mixture. The small particle size ballast screened out enters the second clean ballast bin (13), while the ballast mixture with even smaller particle size passes through the second ballast screening device and then enters the waste conveying device (14) for collection; S3: Since the second filling port (131) at the bottom of the second clean ballast bin (13) is in front of the first filling port (121) at the bottom of the first clean ballast bin (12), therefore, first, the railway roadbed is paved by the second filling port (131). As the entire ballast screening machine moves forward, the small particle size ballast continuously falls from the second filling port (131) and is laid at the bottom of the railway roadbed, and then is adjusted to a uniform and flat surface by means of the leveling device (20); S4: Finally, the position where the small particle size ballast is laid passes through the first filling port (121). The large particle size ballast falling from the first filling port (121) continues to be laid above the small particle size ballast, forming a layered laying structure in the vertical direction, and then is compacted and reinforced by the compaction device (40).

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