Method for using high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of railway ballast screening, in particular to a high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine and a use method thereof, the ballast screening machine comprises a rack, a ballast conveying device, a first-stage screening device, a second-stage screening device, a first clean ballast bin, a second clean ballast bin and a waste conveying device which are located on the rack, the first clean ballast bin is provided with a first filling port at the bottom, the first filling port is located on both sides of the railway, the second clean ballast bin is provided with a second filling port at the bottom, the second filling port is located at the middle position of the railway, and the first filling port is located behind the second filling port.The high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine and the use method thereof can screen the ballast in multiple stages, and the screened ballast is used in different levels and different positions when backfilling, thereby improving the stability of the railway ballast layer, improving the recycling rate of the screening machine for waste ballast, and reducing the operation cost of the railway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway ballast screening, specifically to a method of using a high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine. Background Technology

[0002] Over long periods of operation, railway lines are subject to the gradual breakage of ballast due to train loads and environmental factors. In sections where heavy freight trains carrying coal, ore, and other heavy goods frequently pass, in addition to ballast breakage caused by train loads, ballast contamination can also occur, leading to mudslides and slurry seepage. This contamination not only causes the ballast to lose its elasticity but also severely affects its drainage capacity, resulting in ballast compaction. Ballast compaction poses a serious threat to the safety and efficiency of railway transportation. Therefore, regular cleaning and screening are particularly important. Through cleaning and screening, the performance of the ballast can be effectively restored, ensuring the stability and safety of the railway line, thereby guaranteeing the smooth operation of transportation production.

[0003] Therefore, ballast cleaning is a crucial step in railway line maintenance, helping to restore the elasticity and drainage performance of the ballast. Currently, ballast cleaning uses screening machines. For example, in the prior art, there is an invention patent with application number 201710601525.4 entitled "A Railway Ballast Cleaning Machine". The cleaning process disclosed in the patent involves excavating contaminated ballast within a depth of 30 to 40 centimeters below the sleeper bottom, separating it through screening equipment, and then refilling the track with ballast that meets the standards, while also adding some new ballast to construct a clean and functional ballast structure.

[0004] However, current ballast screening machines generally perform simultaneous primary screening during use, without screening at different levels. Even when screening at different specifications, the purpose is to remove more impurities and mixtures. In the screening process of the above-mentioned existing technology, a large amount of ballast waste is easily generated. However, there is still ballast that can be recycled in this waste, resulting in a waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the main objective of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine and its usage method. This screening machine can perform multi-stage screening, and the screened ballast can be used at different levels and locations during backfilling. This improves the stability of the railway ballast layer while also increasing the waste ballast recycling rate of the screening machine and reducing railway operating costs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine, including a frame and a ballast conveying device, a first-stage screening device, a second-stage screening device, a first clean ballast bin, a second clean ballast bin, and a waste conveying device located on the frame. The first clean ballast bin has a first filling port at its bottom, located on both sides of the railway. The second clean ballast bin has a second filling port at its bottom, located in the middle of the railway. The first filling port is located behind the second filling port. A leveling device is provided between the first and second filling ports. A compaction device is provided behind the first filling port.

[0007] In other preferred embodiments, the first-stage screening device includes a first screen, a first drive motor, and a first conveying device. The output end of the first drive motor is rotatably connected to an eccentric block, which is connected to the first screen. The first conveying device transports the ballast that does not pass through the first screen to a first clean ballast bin. The second-stage screening device includes a second screen, a second drive motor, and a second conveying device. The output end of the second drive motor is rotatably connected to an eccentric block, which is connected to the second screen. The second conveying device transports the ballast that passes through the first screen but does not pass through the second screen to a second clean ballast bin.

[0008] In other preferred embodiments, the first screen is located above the second screen, and the aperture of the first screen is larger than that of the second screen.

[0009] In other preferred embodiments, the leveling device includes a scraper, the bottom of which is provided with a plurality of strips, and a wide slot hole of uniform width is provided between adjacent strips. A connecting shaft is provided on both sides of the scraper, and a side baffle is fitted on the connecting shaft. The connection between the two sides of the side baffle and the connecting shaft is fixed with a nut. An mounting part is connected to the outer end of the connecting shaft. The upper end of the mounting part is provided with a plurality of first mounting holes and a plurality of second mounting holes, and the directions of the first mounting holes and the second mounting holes are perpendicular.

[0010] In other preferred embodiments, the compaction device includes a clamping device, a vibrator, and a plurality of tamping picks, wherein the clamping device is used to hold the tamping picks and provide downward pressure, and the vibrator is used to vibrate the tamping picks.

[0011] In other preferred embodiments, the first-stage screening device and the second-stage screening device are located inside the screening chamber, which is fixed on the frame. The bottom of the screening chamber is inclined, and a dust removal port is provided at the lower edge of the bottom of the screening chamber. A dust collection box is connected to the dust removal port, and a cleaning brush is provided at the connection between the dust collection box and the dust removal port.

[0012] In other preferred embodiments, a plurality of first clips are provided on the outer walls of both sides of the dust removal port, and a plurality of second clips are provided on the upper ends of the inner walls of both sides of the dust collection box. The first clips and the second clips are detachable and installable. The first clips include an integrally formed mounting plate and a support plate, and the second clips include an integrally formed positioning plate and a fastening plate.

[0013] In other preferred embodiments, the mounting plate, positioning plate, support plate, and fastening plate all have L-shaped cross-sections, and the width of their cross-sections decreases sequentially. The mounting plate is fixed to the dust collection port with screws, the positioning plate is fixed to the dust collection box with screws, and the support plate is located between the positioning plate and the fastening plate. The positioning plate, support plate, fastening plate, and mounting plate are provided with coaxial positioning holes from top to bottom.

[0014] This invention also provides a method for using a high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine, comprising the following steps: S1: The ballast to be screened by the railway ballast screening machine is ballast that has undergone preliminary impurity removal. The ballast enters the ballast conveying device, which transports it to the first screening device. The small-particle-size ballast mixture that passes through the first screening device enters the second screening device, while the large-particle-size ballast that does not pass through the first screening device enters the first clean ballast bin; S2: The second ballast screening device continues to screen the above-mentioned small-particle-size ballast mixture. The screened small-particle-size ballast enters the second clean ballast bin, while the ballast mixture with even smaller particle sizes enters the waste bin after passing through the second ballast screening device. The material is then collected by the material conveying device; S3: Since the second filling port at the bottom of the second clean ballast bin is located in front of the first filling port at the bottom of the first clean ballast bin, the railway track bed is first laid through the second filling port. As the entire ballast screening machine moves forward, the small-diameter ballast falls from the second filling port and is continuously laid on the bottom of the railway track bed. Then, it is adjusted to a uniform and flat surface with the help of the leveling device; S4: After the small-diameter ballast is laid, it passes through the first filling port again. The large-diameter ballast falling from the first filling port continues to be laid on top of the small-diameter ballast, forming a layered laying structure in the vertical direction. Then, it is compacted and reinforced by the compaction device.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention through the above technical solution include:

[0016] (1) The high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention is equipped with a two-stage screening device. The two-stage screening can screen out large-diameter ballast, small-diameter ballast and other impurity mixtures respectively. Among them, the large-diameter ballast is relatively intact, while the small-diameter ballast is ballast stone particles that have been crushed but not completely contaminated or damaged. The screening machine of the present invention lays the small-diameter ballast at the bottom in the middle of the track bed, while the large-diameter ballast is laid on the top layer, especially on both sides of the railway, that is, on both sides of the rails on the railway. This can improve the stability of the track bed, increase the recycling rate of waste ballast, and reduce railway maintenance costs.

[0017] (2) In addition, the screening machine of the present invention is equipped with a leveling device during use. This device can evenly spread the small-diameter ballast at the bottom layer. In particular, the leveling device can prevent the ballast from being spread on both sides of the track bed during the ballast spreading process, which would cause waste. It can also make the ballast laying more uniform and improve the stress stability of the rail.

[0018] (3) In addition, the screening of ballast is the most likely to cause dust to fly, which will affect the workers and the surrounding environment. The screening machine of the present invention is equipped with a screening chamber, which can collect the dust generated during the screening of ballast without the need for water spraying. Moreover, the dust collection process will not cause the dust to fall off due to the displacement and shaking of the screening machine on the rail, thus improving the stability of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling device of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the track bed laid after using the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of this invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of another type of layered track bed.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the screening chamber of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is the invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of the structure of part A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the screening chamber of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0029] 10. Frame; 11. Ballast conveying device; 12. First clean ballast bin; 121. First filling inlet; 13. Second clean ballast bin; 131. Second filling inlet; 14. Waste conveying device; 15. First screen; 151. First conveying device; 16. Second screen; 161. Second conveying device; 20. Leveling device; 21. Scraper; 22. Strip body; 23. Wide slot hole; 24. Connecting shaft; 25. Side 26. Baffle; 26. Mounting component; 261. First mounting hole; 262. Second mounting hole; 30. Screening bin; 31. Dust removal port; 311. Mounting plate; 312. Support plate; 32. Dust collection box; 321. Positioning plate; 322. Fastening plate; 33. Cleaning brush; 34. Screw; 35. Positioning hole; 36. Motor; 40. Compactor; 50. Bottom ballast layer; 60. Upper ballast layer; 70. Rail; 80. Sleeper. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] like Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine of the present invention. In this embodiment, the ballast screening machine includes a frame 10 and a ballast conveying device 11, a first-stage screening device, a second-stage screening device, a first clean ballast bin 12, a second clean ballast bin 13, and a waste conveying device 14, all located on the frame 10. The frame 10 has track wheels at its bottom and a power unit on it, which drives the frame 10 to move on the railway track. Furthermore, the first clean ballast bin 12 has a first filling port 121 at its bottom, located on both sides of the railway track; in other words, there can be two first filling ports 121. Located at both ends of the bottom of the first clean ballast bin 12, the bottom of the second clean ballast bin 13 is provided with a second filling port 131. The second filling port 131 is located in the middle of the railway. The first filling port 121 is located behind the second filling port 131. In addition, a leveling device 20 is provided between the first filling port 121 and the second filling port 131, and a compaction device 40 is provided behind the first filling port 121.

[0032] Please continue reading. Figure 1As shown, the first-stage screening device in this embodiment includes a first screen 15, a first drive motor (not shown in the figure), and a first conveying device 151. The output end of the first drive motor is rotatably connected to an eccentric block, which is connected to the first screen 15. The first drive motor drives the eccentric block to rotate, thereby causing the first screen 15 to vibrate. This process is a conventional technical means in the prior art and will not be described in detail here. The first conveying device 151 transports the ballast that has not passed through the first screen 15 to the first clean ballast bin 12. The first screen 15 can be a conveyor belt. The second-stage screening device includes a second screen 16, a second drive motor (not shown in the figure), and a second conveying device 161. The output end of the second drive motor is rotatably connected to an eccentric block, which is connected to the second screen 16. Similarly, the second drive device drives the eccentric block to rotate, thereby realizing the vibration screening function of the second screen 16. The second conveying device 161 transports the ballast that has passed through the first screen 15 but not through the second screen 16 to the second clean ballast bin 13. The second conveying device 161 can be a conveyor belt. It should be noted that the first screen 15 is located above the second screen 16, and the aperture of the first screen 15 is larger than that of the second screen 16. Therefore, the material that has passed through the first screen 15 will re-enter the second screen 16 for screening.

[0033] The method of using the ballast screening machine in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: The ballast to be screened by the railway ballast screening machine is ballast that has undergone preliminary impurity removal, for example, the ballast on the original railway has had larger particle impurities removed. The preliminary impurity removed ballast is transported to the ballast conveying device 11, which then transports it to the first screening device. The small-particle-size ballast mixture that passes through the first screening device enters the second screening device, while the large-particle-size ballast that does not pass through the first screening device enters the first clean ballast bin 12; S2: The second ballast screening device continues to process the above-mentioned... The small-particle-size ballast mixture is screened, and the screened small-particle-size ballast enters the second clean ballast bin 13. The even smaller-particle-size ballast mixture passes through the second ballast screening device and then enters the waste conveying device 14 for further processing. For example, the waste conveying device 14 transports the ballast waste to another railcar or piles it beside the railway for transport by other vehicles. S3: Because the second filling port 131 at the bottom of the second clean ballast bin 13 is located in front of the first filling port 121 at the bottom of the first clean ballast bin 12, as the frame 10 moves towards... Figure 1When moving forward in the direction of the arrow shown, the second filling port 131 first lays the bottom middle section of the railway track bed. As the entire ballast screening machine moves forward, the small-diameter ballast falls from the second filling port 131 and is continuously laid at the bottom of the middle position of the railway track bed. Then, the leveling device 20 is used to adjust it into a uniform and flat surface. S4: After the small-diameter ballast is laid, it passes through the first filling port 121. The large-diameter ballast falling from the first filling port 121 continues to be laid on top of the small-diameter ballast, especially on both sides of the rail, forming a layered laying structure in the vertical direction. Then, the compaction device 40 is used for compaction and reinforcement.

[0034] Currently, in existing technologies, when backfilling ballast after screening, ballast that fully meets road requirements is backfilled into the original ballast bed, while ballast that does not meet the standards or is close to the required size is discarded or reused. This increases the cost of ballast screening. Even if the ballast backfilling process involves layered backfilling (such as...), the cost remains high. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the ballast in different locations was not distinguished. Therefore, after the railway section with ballast screening was put into use, it was found that its service life was not as long as that of the ballast backfilled in this embodiment with hierarchical and positional distinction. This is because the pressure on the ballast under the rail is different during the use of the rail. Although the main function of ballast is to buffer the pressure it bears, the pressure on the ballast on both sides of the rail is more obvious, while the ballast at the bottom of the track bed provides another stable foundation function. The external forces on the two are not the same.

[0035] Please see Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the leveling device 20 in this embodiment. The leveling device 20 in this embodiment is provided with a scraper 21. The bottom of the scraper 21 is provided with several strips 22. There are wide slot holes 23 with the same width between adjacent strips 22. Connecting shafts 24 are fixed on both sides of the scraper 21. Side baffles 25 are sleeved on the connecting shafts 24. The side baffles 25 are movably sleeved on their corresponding connecting shafts 24. The connection between the two sides of the side baffles 25 and the connecting shafts 24 is fixed by nuts. Therefore, there is a matching threaded structure on the connecting shafts 24. The outer end of the connecting shafts 24 is connected to a mounting member 26. The upper end of the mounting member 26 is provided with several first mounting holes 261 and several second mounting holes 262. The directions of the first mounting holes 261 and the second mounting holes 262 are perpendicular.

[0036] The leveling device 20 in this embodiment differs from the scraper or other ballast leveling structures in the prior art. In this embodiment, the leveling device 20 has a scraper 21 arranged in the transverse direction of the railway. A strip-shaped body 22 is provided at the bottom of the scraper 21. The width of the wide slots 23 between the strips 22 is larger than, or even much larger than, the diameter of the small-diameter ballast. The leveling device 20 is installed at the bottom of the frame 10 by inserting screws or bolts through the first mounting hole 261 or the second mounting hole 262. As the scraper 21 moves forward with the frame 10, it can flatten the ballast pile... The small-diameter ballast falling in the middle of the rail is evenly pushed out. During the pushing process, side baffles 25 are also provided on both sides of the scraper 21. The side baffles 25 can prevent the ballast on both sides from spreading to the sides of the rail during the pushing process, further limiting the laying position of the small-diameter ballast. The two side baffles 25 can also assist the scraper 21 in the leveling process, which is equivalent to limiting the ballast between the two side baffles 25 in both directions. During the pushing process, the ballast can only be leveled in the two directions of moving forward or backward towards the frame 10, which helps to improve the working efficiency of the leveling device 20.

[0037] In addition, in this embodiment, the compaction device 40 is equipped with a clamping device, a vibrator and several tamping picks. The tamping picks are located at the bottom of the clamping device. The clamping device is used to fix the tamping picks and provide downward pressure. The vibrator is used to vibrate the tamping picks. The clamping device and the tamping picks are set on both sides of the rail, that is, behind the first filling port 121. The second compaction device 40 compacts and tamps the large-diameter ballast under the rail, further improving the stability of the ballast foundation.

[0038] Please see Figure 3 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the track bed laid using the screening machine of this embodiment. The track bed laid by the screening machine of this embodiment has ballast falling from the second filling inlet 131 at the bottom center. After being evenly spread using the leveling device 20, it forms the bottom ballast layer 50. Then, ballast flows through the first filling inlet 121 at the same location. Since the two first filling inlets 121 are located on both sides of the rail, the ballast flowing out of the first filling inlets 121 is piled on both sides of the upper layer of the bottom ballast layer 50. It is then reinforced using the compaction device 40, thus forming the upper ballast layer 60. This embodiment... The bottom ballast layer 50 is located at the bottom of the middle position, while the upper ballast layer 60 is located below the rail 70. In particular, a stacking structure is formed below the rail 70. Although the sleepers 80 are placed on the upper ballast layer 60 compared with the prior art, the pressure on different positions of the sleepers 80 is different, especially the pressure on the rail 70 is the greatest. Therefore, in this embodiment, the upper ballast layer 60 forms a protrusion below the rail 70, which improves the overall stability of the rail 70. At the same time, it can also classify and recycle the waste ballast, improve the recycling rate, and reduce maintenance costs to a great extent.

[0039] In addition, the present invention proposes another embodiment in which the screening machine is further provided with a screening chamber 30, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the first-stage and second-stage screening devices are located within the screening chamber 30. During the ballast screening process, the vibrating screening step easily generates a large amount of dust. Current dust removal technologies employ two methods: water spraying for dust suppression, which consumes a significant amount of water and is unsuitable for water-scarce areas; and suction methods, such as using suction fans or other vacuum-equipped fans, to achieve dust removal. However, these methods require substantial power and energy, increasing dust removal costs. Regardless of the dust removal method used, or any improvements thereof, all require water, electricity, or other fuel resources. Furthermore, these dust removal devices need to move along the rails with the frame 10, rather than operating in a static environment, which can shorten the equipment's lifespan. In this embodiment, a screening chamber 30 is added. Although the screening chamber 30 is not a fully enclosed structure, it is equipped with an inlet for the entry of the ballast conveying device 11 and multiple side outlets for the normal output of the first conveying device 151, the second conveying device 161, and the waste conveying device 14. However, its unenclosed state does not affect the dust removal and dust reduction effect. Since the dust particles in the ballast cleaning and screening process are relatively large, most of the dust can be removed by simply adhering and reducing them. Therefore, the screening chamber 30 in this embodiment can effectively reduce the dust in the screening process without consuming water resources or other energy.

[0040] Please see Figure 5 Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the screening chamber 30 is fixed on the frame 10. The bottom of the screening chamber 30 is inclined. A dust removal port 31 is provided on the lower edge of the bottom of the screening chamber 30. A dust collection box 32 is connected to the dust removal port 31. A cleaning brush 33 is provided at the connection between the dust collection box 32 and the dust removal port 31. A motor 36 is provided on one side of the cleaning brush 33. The motor 36 is fixed to the outside of one end of the dust removal port 31. Several first clips are provided on the outer walls of both sides of the dust removal port 31. Several second clips are provided on the upper ends of the inner walls of both sides of the dust collection box 32. The first clips and second clips are detachable and installable. Figure 7As shown, the first clamping component here has an integrally formed mounting plate 311 and a support plate 312, and the second clamping component has an integrally formed positioning plate 321 and a fastening plate 322. The cross-sections of the mounting plate 311, positioning plate 321, support plate 312 and fastening plate 322 are all L-shaped, and their cross-sectional widths decrease sequentially, that is, the cross-sectional widths are mounting plate 311 > positioning plate 321 > support plate 312 > fastening plate 322. The mounting plate 311 is fixed to the dust collection port 31 by screws 34, the positioning plate 321 is fixed to the dust collection box 32 by screws 34, and the support plate 312 is located between the positioning plate 321 and the fastening plate 322. The positioning plate 321, support plate 312, fastening plate 322 and mounting plate 311 are provided with coaxial positioning holes 35 from top to bottom.

[0041] In this embodiment, during use, a dust collection box 32 is connected to the outside of the dust removal port 31 at the bottom of the screening chamber 30. The two are fixed by fastening the first clip and the second clip. After fastening, the positioning plate 321, the support plate 312, the fastening plate 322, and the mounting plate 311 are provided with coaxial positioning holes 35 from top to bottom. Screws, pins, or other screws can be installed in the positioning holes 35 to fix the two clips. This structure is different from ordinary locking or hinge fixing methods. During operation, the dust collection box 32 is prone to loosening or falling off due to the large external vibration force exerted on the screening chamber 30. However, in this embodiment, the dust collection box 32 and the dust removal port 31 are more tightly connected as the frame 10 vibrates or moves. This is because the second clip is snapped downwards onto the first clip, so it will not fall off even if the vibration amplitude is large. In addition, the screws, pins or other screws installed in the positioning hole 35 are also installed downwards, which can also prevent misalignment between the two clips, making them more reinforced and stable.

[0042] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for using a high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine, characterized in that, The high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine includes a frame (10) and a ballast conveying device (11), a first-stage screening device, a second-stage screening device, a first clean ballast bin (12), a second clean ballast bin (13), and a waste conveying device (14) located on the frame (10). The first clean ballast bin (12) has a first filling port (121) at its bottom, which is located on both sides of the railway. The second clean ballast bin (13) has a second filling port (131) at its bottom, which is located in the middle of the railway. The first filling port (121) is located behind the second filling port (131). The first filling port (121) and the second filling port (131) are located at the same level. 1) A leveling device (20) is provided between them. The leveling device (20) includes a scraper (21). The bottom of the scraper (21) is provided with several strips (22). A wide slot hole (23) of the same width is provided between adjacent strips (22). A connecting shaft (24) is provided on both sides of the scraper (21). A side baffle (25) is sleeved on the connecting shaft (24). The connection between the two sides of the side baffle (25) and the connecting shaft (24) is fixed with nuts. An installation part (26) is connected to the outer end of the connecting shaft (24). The upper end of the installation part (26) is provided with several first installation holes (261) and several second installation holes (262). The first installation holes (261) and the second installation holes (262) are provided. The direction is perpendicular, and a compaction device (40) is provided behind the first filling port (121); the first-stage screening device includes a first screen (15), a first drive motor and a first conveying device (151), the output end of the first drive motor is rotatably connected to an eccentric block, the eccentric block is connected to the first screen (15), and the first conveying device (151) conveys the ballast that has not passed through the first screen (15) to the first clean ballast bin (12), the second-stage screening device includes a second screen (16), a second drive motor and a second conveying device (161), the output end of the second drive motor is rotatably connected to an eccentric block, the eccentric block is connected to the second screen (16), and the second conveying device (16 ... second drive motor and the second conveying device (161) conveys the ballast that has not passed through the first screen (15 Ballast that passes through the first screen (15) and does not pass through the second screen (16) is transported to the second clean ballast bin (13); the first screen (15) is located above the second screen (16), and the aperture of the first screen (15) is larger than that of the second screen (16); it also includes a screening bin (30), in which the first-stage screening device and the second-stage screening device are located, the screening bin (30) is fixed on the frame (10), the bottom of the screening bin (30) is inclined, and a dust removal port (31) is provided at the lower edge of the bottom of the screening bin (30), a dust collection box (32) is connected to the outside of the dust removal port (31), and a cleaning brush (33) is provided at the connection between the dust collection box (32) and the dust removal port (31); The method of using the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine includes the following steps: S1: The ballast to be screened by the railway ballast screening machine is ballast that has undergone preliminary impurity removal. The ballast enters the ballast conveying device (11) and is conveyed to the first screening device. The small-particle-size ballast mixture that passes through the first screening device enters the second screening device, while the large-particle-size ballast that does not pass through the first screening device enters the first clean ballast bin (12). S2: The second ballast screening device continues to screen the above-mentioned small-diameter ballast mixture. The screened small-diameter ballast enters the second clean ballast bin (13), while the ballast mixture with even smaller diameters enters the waste conveying device (14) after passing through the second ballast screening device for collection. S3: Since the second filling port (131) at the bottom of the second clean ballast bin (13) is located in front of the first filling port (121) at the bottom of the first clean ballast bin (12), the railway track bed is first laid by the second filling port (131). As the entire ballast screening machine moves forward, the small-diameter ballast falls from the second filling port (131) and is continuously laid on the bottom of the railway track bed. Then, it is adjusted to a uniform and flat surface with the help of the leveling device (20). S4: After the small-diameter ballast is laid, the large-diameter ballast that falls from the first filling port (121) continues to be laid on top of the small-diameter ballast, forming a layered structure in the vertical direction. Then, it is compacted and reinforced by the compaction device (40).

2. The method of using the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compaction device (40) includes a clamping device, a vibrator, and several tamping picks. The clamping device is used to fix the tamping picks and provide downward pressure, and the vibrator is used to vibrate the tamping picks.

3. The method of using the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust removal port (31) has several first clips on its two outer walls, and the dust collection box (32) has several second clips on its two inner walls. The first clips and the second clips are detachable and can be installed. The first clips include an integrally formed mounting plate (311) and a support plate (312), and the second clips include an integrally formed positioning plate (321) and a fastening plate (322).

4. The method of using the high-efficiency multi-stage railway ballast screening machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mounting plate (311), positioning plate (321), support plate (312), and fastening plate (322) all have L-shaped cross sections, and their cross-sectional widths decrease sequentially. The mounting plate (311) is fixed to the dust collection port (31) by screws (34), the positioning plate (321) is fixed to the dust collection box (32) by screws (34), and the support plate (312) is located between the positioning plate (321) and the fastening plate (322). The positioning plate (321), support plate (312), fastening plate (322), and mounting plate (311) are provided with coaxial positioning holes (35) sequentially from top to bottom.

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