A stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resisting roadbed structure and construction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of roadbed engineering, specifically a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual bearing and load-sharing heat-resistant roadbed structure and construction method, the structure comprising a bearing base plate, which is laid in an array on the surface of the frozen soil layer along the line direction; a supporting arch, which is arranged in an array along the line direction, the arch foot of the supporting arch is connected to the bearing base plate, an overhead layer is formed between the supporting arch and the bearing base plate, the overhead layer channel is arranged transversely relative to the line direction, and the upper fill is arranged on the supporting arch array; a sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plate, which is arched and inserted at both ends of the overhead layer channel. The present invention spatially integrates the mechanical advantages of the arch with the air convection heat regulation mechanism, converts the dynamic load of the road surface into axial pressure and evenly distributes it to the bearing base plate, and constructs an efficient two-way air convection channel through a continuous overhead layer; the present invention has high stability, low cost, strong heat dissipation, and is easy to construct, reduces the impact of the roadbed in permafrost areas on the heat balance of the underlying frozen soil, and increases the service life and structural rigidity of the roadbed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of roadbed engineering, in particular to a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual bearing and load-sharing heat-resistant roadbed structure and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Permafrost refers to various rocks and soils below zero degrees Celsius that contain ice. Permafrost has rheological properties and is extremely sensitive to temperature. Its long-term strength is much lower than its instantaneous strength characteristics. Permafrost freezes like ice in cold seasons, and its volume expands as the temperature drops. Engineering structures built in permafrost areas will be lifted and squeezed by the "fat" permafrost. In summer, the volume of the melted permafrost shrinks, and the engineering structures will loosen and tilt. The core challenge of roadbed engineering in permafrost areas is how to maintain the thermal stability of the permafrost layer and ensure the long-term reliability of the mechanical properties of the structure. Although a variety of technical paths have been formed for traditional permafrost roadbed design, its limitations are becoming increasingly prominent against the backdrop of climate change and escalating engineering needs.

[0003] Currently, existing frozen soil roadbed technologies suffer from a common design flaw in thermal-mechanical decoupling, making it difficult to achieve long-term stability. For example, while ventilated rock embankments rely on natural convection through the interstices of the crushed stone to store seasonal cold, the modulus difference between the rock layer and the overlying fill can easily induce interfacial shear slip during freeze-thaw cycles, degrading the structural integrity. When the rock layer is less than 1.2 m thick, the ventilation rate exhibits a nonlinear decay relationship with the frozen soil's cold-season accumulated temperature (decay exponent α = 0.83–1.06), resulting in an effective cooling depth less than 65% of the designed value. Heat rod technology actively removes heat from the ground through a passive heat pipe effect, but its vertical insertion can alter the continuity of the temperature field within the frozen soil, inducing uneven thermal stress concentration. Field monitoring data show that the upper limit of frozen soil fluctuation within a 3-m radius around the heat rod can be as much as 2.5 times that of conventional areas. Furthermore, the operational effectiveness of the heat rod system is strongly dependent on the frozen ground temperature gradient. When the bottom temperature of the active layer exceeds -3°C, the heat dissipation per unit length decays to less than 25% of the theoretical value. While the ventilation duct roadbed utilizes prefabricated pipes to create air circulation channels, the closed cross-section of the tubular structure makes it highly selective regarding airflow direction. In the multi-directional wind conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, measured ventilation efficiency is only 40%-60% of the design value. The insulation roadbed relies on the low thermal conductivity of organic materials like XPS to block downward heat transfer. However, material degradation due to aging shortens its service life by over 50% under a 1°C annual average temperature rise. Mechanically, its creep properties result in long-term compressive deformation of up to 15% of its initial thickness, causing a step-wise degradation in the roadbed's overall stiffness.

[0004] Existing technologies commonly suffer from functional decoupling, where the thermal protection system and the mechanical load-bearing structure are separated. This "physical collage" approach not only increases structural complexity but also exacerbates the thermal-mechanical mismatch effect at the material interface, accelerating the evolution of structural damage. Furthermore, the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients at the material interface leads to frequent secondary damage. Numerical simulations have shown that after 10 years of operation, the thermal resistance effect of traditional composite roadbeds can decay by up to 35%, while the bearing capacity loss caused by interface delamination exceeds 20%. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual bearing and heat-resisting roadbed structure and construction method to address the problem that the existing frozen soil roadbed technology in the prior art generally has functional decoupling defects, which accelerates the evolution of structural damage, reduces the overall structural rigidity, and shortens the service life of the frozen soil roadbed.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resisting roadbed structure, comprising an upper fill, and further comprising:

[0008] Several load-bearing base plates are laid in an array on the surface of the frozen ground along the line direction;

[0009] A plurality of supporting arches are arranged in an array along the line direction, the arch feet of the supporting arches are connected to the supporting base plate, an overhead layer is formed between the supporting arches and the supporting base plate, the overhead layer channel is arranged transversely with respect to the line direction, and the upper fill is arranged on the supporting arch array;

[0010] A plurality of sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plates are arched and are inserted into both ends of the overhead layer passage.

[0011] Among them, the load-bearing base plate usually adopts a concrete structure. The load-bearing base plate is in direct contact with permafrost and does not require any foundation. The specific heat of concrete is much greater than that of natural surface soil. Under ventilation and solar radiation conditions, the heat absorption of concrete is greater than that of natural surface soil. Therefore, it is necessary to set the sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plate for sunshade and wind collection.

[0012] The working principle of the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover is as follows: (1) After the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover is set, the roadbed is slightly wider than the roadbed body (see Figure 1, the roadbed refers to the load-bearing base plate, the load-bearing arch and the upper fill), which can prevent the load-bearing base plate from being directly exposed to solar radiation, which is a sun protection function; (2) the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover extends a certain distance on both sides of the roadbed. When natural wind blows to the position of the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover, it will generate diversion above and below the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover. The upper part of the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover has less obstruction due to the roadbed, and the flow rate is faster than that under the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover. Therefore, the wind pressure under the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover is greater than the wind pressure on the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover, which is conducive to the fluid taking away heat through the continuous overhead layer between the entire arch and the plate (there is a greater pressure to press the wind from one side of the roadbed to the other side of the roadbed). In addition, due to the existence of the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover, the turbulent gas generation position is advanced from the inside of the roadbed to the position of the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover, which is more conducive to convective heat exchange.

[0013] The stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resisting roadbed structure described in the present invention is adopted to spatially integrate the advantages of arch mechanics with the air convection heat regulation mechanism, and form a stable spatial frame through the load-bearing base plate and the load-bearing arch. The load-bearing arch has excellent load transfer efficiency through the span ratio design, which can convert the dynamic load of the road surface into axial pressure and evenly distribute it to the load-bearing base plate, significantly reducing the risk of uneven settlement; an efficient two-way air convection channel is constructed through the continuous overhead layer, and cold air in winter passes through the overhead layer driven by the negative temperature gradient. The layer penetrates into the lower part of the roadbed, accelerating the accumulation of cold reserves in the permafrost. In summer, the chimney effect is used to promote the upward discharge of hot air, forming a dynamic thermal insulation barrier; the sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plate is used to prevent the load-bearing base plate from absorbing heat and transferring it to the natural surface soil; from the perspective of thermal-mechanical collaborative design, the structure solves the interface weakening problem caused by the separation of the thermal protection system and the load-bearing structure in traditional technologies; the structure has the advantages of high stability, low cost, strong heat dissipation and easy construction, reducing the impact of the roadbed in permafrost areas on the heat balance of the underlying permafrost, and increasing the service life of the roadbed and the overall structural rigidity.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, all the load-bearing base plates are laid with staggered joints on the surface of the frozen ground layer.

[0015] With this structure, the staggered assembly of the load-bearing base plates provides more constraints, thereby improving the overall load-bearing capacity and stability of the load-bearing base plate array.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a first tenon and a first tenon groove are respectively provided on two side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of each load-bearing base plate, and the first tenon and the first tenon groove are adapted to each other.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, at least one group of first hand holes is correspondingly provided on the tops of two adjacent load-bearing base plates along the line direction, and each group of the first hand holes is connected by a first arc-shaped hole, and a first arc-shaped bolt is provided in the first arc-shaped hole;

[0018] A group of second hand holes are correspondingly provided on the tops of two of the load-bearing base plates adjacent to each other in the transverse direction of the line. The second hand holes are connected by second arc-shaped holes, and first arc-shaped bolts are provided in the second arc-shaped holes.

[0019] The first arc-shaped bolts connect adjacent load-bearing base plates.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, each of the bearing base plates includes two reaction surfaces arranged opposite to each other, and the reaction surfaces are arranged along the length direction of the bearing base plate. The reaction surfaces support the arch feet of the bearing arch, and one bearing base plate supports one bearing arch.

[0021] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, the reaction surface and the arch foot are connected by concave-convex clamping and / or bolts.

[0022] With this structure, the specific connection method between the reaction surface and the arch foot can be adjusted according to the terrain; when the surface undulation slope of the construction location (both horizontally and vertically) is less than 1:1.5, the reaction surface and the arch foot can be connected only by concave-convex clamping; under other conditions, in order to ensure structural stability and ease of construction, bolt connection or simultaneous concave-convex clamping and bolt connection can be used.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the holding arch is a split type, including two half-widths;

[0024] The two half-widths are butted together at the arch top, a second tenon is provided on the butting surface of one half-width, and a second tenon groove is provided on the butting surface of the other half-width, and the second tenon is matched with the second tenon groove.

[0025] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, at least one group of third hand holes is correspondingly provided on the top of the two half-widths, and each group of the third hand holes is connected by a third arc-shaped hole. A second arc-shaped bolt is provided in the third arc-shaped hole, and the second arc-shaped bolt connects the two half-widths.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the width of the upper fill is less than or equal to the width of the support arch array.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a construction method for a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resisting roadbed structure as described in any one of the above items, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1. Determine an assembly plan for the bearing base plates according to the designed height and width of the roadbed, and lay the bearing base plates on the surface of the frozen ground to form an array;

[0029] S2. Installing the holding arches on the bearing base plate to form the holding arch array, with the overhead layer formed between the holding arches and the bearing base plate;

[0030] S3, placing the upper fill on the holding arch array according to the designed height and compacting it;

[0031] S4. Insert the sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plates into both ends of the overhead passage.

[0032] The construction method of a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resistant roadbed structure described in the present invention spatially integrates the advantages of arch mechanics with the air convection heat regulation mechanism, forms a stable spatial frame through the load-bearing base plate and the load-bearing arch, and has excellent load transfer efficiency through the span ratio design, which can convert the dynamic load of the road surface into axial pressure and evenly distribute it to the load-bearing base plate, significantly reducing the risk of uneven settlement; an efficient two-way air convection channel is constructed through the continuous overhead layer, and cold air in winter passes through the frame driven by the negative temperature gradient. The void layer penetrates into the lower part of the roadbed, accelerating the accumulation of cold reserves in the permafrost. In summer, the chimney effect promotes the upward discharge of hot air, forming a dynamic thermal insulation barrier. The sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plate prevents the load-bearing base plate from absorbing heat and transferring it to the natural surface soil. From the perspective of thermal-mechanical collaborative design, this structure solves the interface weakening problem caused by the separation of the thermal protection system and the load-bearing structure in traditional technologies. This structure has the advantages of high stability, low cost, strong heat dissipation, and easy construction, reducing the impact of the roadbed in permafrost areas on the heat balance of the underlying permafrost, and increasing the service life of the roadbed and the overall structural rigidity.

[0033] In the third aspect, the present invention also provides an application of a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resistant roadbed structure as described in any of the above items or a construction method of a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resistant roadbed structure as described above in the fields of highways, railways, airports, cables, wires or oil and gas pipelines in permafrost areas.

[0034] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] The stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual bearing and heat-resisting roadbed structure and construction method described in the present invention spatially integrates the advantages of arch mechanics with the air convection heat regulation mechanism, forms a stable spatial frame through the load-bearing base plate and the load-bearing arch, and has excellent load transfer efficiency through the span ratio design, which can convert the dynamic load of the road surface into axial pressure and evenly distribute it to the load-bearing base plate, significantly reducing the risk of uneven settlement; an efficient two-way air convection channel is constructed through the continuous overhead layer, and cold air in winter passes through the frame driven by the negative temperature gradient. The void layer penetrates into the lower part of the roadbed, accelerating the accumulation of cold reserves in the permafrost. In summer, the chimney effect promotes the upward discharge of hot air, forming a dynamic thermal insulation barrier. The sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plate prevents the load-bearing base plate from absorbing heat and transferring it to the natural surface soil. From the perspective of thermal-mechanical collaborative design, this structure solves the interface weakening problem caused by the separation of the thermal protection system and the load-bearing structure in traditional technologies. This structure has the advantages of high stability, low cost, strong heat dissipation, and easy construction, reducing the impact of the roadbed in permafrost areas on the heat balance of the underlying permafrost, and increasing the service life of the roadbed and the overall structural rigidity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resisting roadbed structure;

[0037] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the load-bearing base plate;

[0038] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first reaction plate;

[0039] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second reaction plate;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the bearing base plate along the line direction;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the load-bearing base plate in the transverse direction relative to the line direction;

[0042] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first force-holding arch piece;

[0043] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second force-holding arch piece;

[0044] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the plane structure of the holding arch;

[0045] Figure 10 It is the connection diagram of the holding arch;

[0046] Figure 11It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sun-proof and wind-collecting cover.

[0047] Markings in the figure:

[0048] 1- load-bearing bottom plate, 11- first reaction plate, 12- second reaction plate, 13- reaction surface, 14- positioning groove, 15- first tenon, 16- first tenon groove, 17- first hand hole, 18- second hand hole;

[0049] 2-holding arch, 21-first holding arch piece, 22-second holding arch piece, 23-arch foot, 24-positioning protrusion, 25-second tenon, 26-second tenon groove, 27-third hand hole;

[0050] 3-first arc-shaped bolt, 31-first washer, 32-first nut;

[0051] 4-second curved bolt, 41-second washer, 42-second nut;

[0052] 5- Upper fill;

[0053] 6-Sun protection and wind gathering cover;

[0054] 7-Mezzanine floor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific embodiments. However, this should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments, and all technologies implemented based on the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0056] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, the terms indicating the orientation or positional relationship, such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "center", "inside", and "outside", are based on the expressions of the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or positional relationship in which the invented product / device / apparatus is placed when it is conventionally used. These terms of orientation or positional relationship are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the scheme of the present invention or simplifying the description of the specific embodiments to facilitate the rapid understanding of the scheme by technicians, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0057] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel" and the like appear, it does not mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or overhanging or parallel, but may be slightly tilted or have deviations. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simply understood that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", and "parallel", and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the solution of the present invention.

[0058] In addition, the expressions “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. in the terms are merely used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components, and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0059] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several," "plurality," and "a number" represent at least two. It can also be any number such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or even more than nine.

[0060] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified, defined, or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," "connected," "provided with," "laid," and "arranged" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections. They may be welded, riveted, bolted, threaded, or other commonly used connection methods in the art. Such connections may be mechanical, electrical, or communicative; they may be direct, indirect via an intermediate medium, or internally connected between two components.

[0061] In the related technologies, existing frozen soil roadbed technologies generally have the defect of functional decoupling, that is, the thermal protection system and the mechanical bearing structure are designed separately. This "physical collage" mode not only increases the complexity of the structure, but also leads to an aggravation of the thermal-mechanical mismatch effect at the material interface, accelerates the evolution of structural damage, and causes frequent secondary diseases due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients at the material interface. Numerical simulation studies have shown that after 10 years of operation, the thermal resistance effect attenuation rate of traditional composite roadbed can reach 35%, and the bearing capacity loss caused by interface peeling exceeds 20%, and the overall structural rigidity is reduced, resulting in a shortened service life of the frozen soil roadbed. For this reason, the technical solution of this application was produced, and the following is combined with Figures 1 to 11 To elaborate.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resistant roadbed structure described in the present invention includes an upper fill 5, a plurality of load-bearing base plates 1, a plurality of load-bearing arches 2 and a plurality of sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plates 6.

[0064] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the load-bearing base plates 1 are laid in an array along the line direction on the surface of the frozen ground layer, and no foundation is required. In this embodiment, the load-bearing base plates 1 adopt a concrete structure, and all the load-bearing base plates 1 are staggered and laid on the surface of the frozen ground layer. With this structure, the staggered assembly of the load-bearing base plates 1 provides more constraints, thereby improving the overall load-bearing capacity and stability of the array of the load-bearing base plates 1.

[0065] In some optional embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the types of the bearing base plate 1 include a first reaction plate 11 and a second reaction plate 12, the length of the second reaction plate 12 is greater than that of the first reaction plate 11, the width of the first reaction plate 11 is equal to the width of the second reaction plate 12, and the length direction of the bearing base plate 1 is arranged horizontally along the line; each horizontal row of the bearing base plates 1 along the line direction includes one first reaction plate 11, and the rest are the second reaction plates 12, and the first reaction plates 11 of two adjacent horizontal rows are respectively arranged at opposite ends.

[0066] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a first tenon 15 and a first tenon groove 16 are respectively provided on two side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of each load-bearing base plate 1 , and the first tenon 15 is adapted to the first tenon groove 16 .

[0067] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 2 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, at least one group of first hand holes 17 is correspondingly provided on the top of two adjacent load-bearing base plates 1 along the line direction, and each group of first hand holes 17 is connected by a first arc hole, and a first arc bolt 3 is provided in the first arc hole; at least one group of second hand holes 18 is correspondingly provided on the top of two adjacent load-bearing base plates 1 along the line transverse direction, and the second hand holes 18 are connected by a second arc hole, and a first arc bolt 3 is provided in the second arc hole; the two ends of the first arc bolt 3 are respectively provided with a first gasket 31 and a first nut 32 to fasten the adjacent load-bearing base plates 1.

[0068] like Figure 1As shown, the support arches 2 are arranged in an array along the line direction, the arch feet of the support arches 2 are connected to the support base plate 1, and an overhead layer 7 is formed between the support arches 2 and the support base plate 1. The overhead layer 7 channel is arranged horizontally relative to the line direction, and the upper fill 5 is arranged on the support arch 2 array.

[0069] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the type of the force-holding arch 2 includes a first force-holding arch piece 21 and a second force-holding arch piece 22, the length of the second force-holding arch piece 22 is greater than the first force-holding arch piece 21, and the width of the first force-holding arch piece 21 is equal to the width of the second force-holding arch piece 22, wherein the first force-holding arch piece 21 is used to be set on the first reaction plate 11, and the second force-holding arch piece 22 is used to be set on the second reaction plate 12.

[0070] In some optional embodiments, such as Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the force-bearing arch 2 is split and includes two halves; the two halves are butted at the arch top, a second tenon 25 is provided on the butting surface of one half, and a second tenon groove 26 is provided on the butting surface of the other half, the second tenon 25 and the second tenon groove 26 are adapted to perform concave and convex limiting, and the second tenon 25 and the second tenon groove 26 are both arranged along the length direction of the force-bearing arch 2; through the cooperation of the second tenon 25 and the second tenon groove 26, on the one hand, the two halves are positioned when installed, and on the other hand, vertical shear limiting can be performed.

[0071] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, at least one group of third hand holes 27 is correspondingly provided at the top of the two half-widths, and each group of the third hand holes 27 is connected by a third arc hole. A second arc bolt 4 is provided in the third arc hole, and a second gasket 41 and a second nut 42 are respectively provided at both ends of the second arc bolt 4 to fasten the two half-widths.

[0072] In some optional embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, each bearing base plate 1 includes two opposing reaction surfaces 13, which are arranged along the entire length of the bearing base plate 1. The reaction surfaces 13 support the arch feet 23 of the bearing arch 2. One bearing base plate 1 supports one bearing arch 2. Specifically, the reaction surfaces 13 and the arch feet 23 are connected by concave-convex clamping and / or bolts.

[0073] In this embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a positioning groove 14 is provided along the length direction of the reaction surface 13. Figures 7 to 9 As shown, a positioning protrusion 24 is provided along the length direction of the arch foot 23, and the positioning protrusion 24 is engaged in the positioning groove 14 to realize the concave-convex connection between the reaction surface 13 and the arch foot 23; of course, in some other embodiments, the positioning protrusion 24 can be provided on the reaction surface 13 and the positioning groove 14 can be provided on the arch foot 23.

[0074] In some optional embodiments, not shown in the figure, bolts are embedded perpendicular to the reaction surface 13, steel plates are embedded on the arch foot 23, through holes are set on the steel plates corresponding to the bolts, and the bolts pass through the through holes and are tightened with nuts to achieve bolt connection between the reaction surface 13 and the arch foot 23.

[0075] The connection method between the reaction surface 13 and the arch foot 23 is selected according to the terrain. When the surface undulation slope (both horizontal and vertical) of the construction location is less than 1:1.5, the reaction surface 13 and the arch foot 23 can be connected only by concave-convex clamping. Under other conditions, in order to ensure structural stability and ease of construction, bolt connection or concave-convex clamping and bolt connection can be used.

[0076] In some optional embodiments, the load-bearing arch 2 adopts an arch structure with a catenary as a reasonable arch axis, which can convert the dynamic load of the road surface into axial pressure and evenly distribute it to the load-bearing base plate 1, and finally transmit it to the ground surface.

[0077] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the width of the upper fill 5 is less than or equal to the width of the array of support arches 2.

[0078] like Figure 1 and Figure 11 As shown, the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6 is arched, and the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6 is inserted into both ends of the passage of the overhead layer 7.

[0079] In some optional embodiments, the sun-proof and wind-collecting cover 6 includes a main frame and an isolation layer. The main frame adopts conventional plain concrete, bubble concrete or PE material. The isolation layer is connected to the upper surface of the main frame. The isolation layer adopts sun-proof and heat-insulating paint, aluminum foil rubber-plastic insulation soft board, rock wool board or extruded polystyrene board (XPS). When the isolation layer adopts a board, it can be bonded to the main frame.

[0080] Among them, the load-bearing base plate 1 is in direct contact with permafrost, and the specific heat of concrete is much greater than that of natural surface soil. Under ventilation and solar radiation conditions, the heat absorption of concrete is greater than that of natural surface soil. Therefore, it is necessary to set the sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plate 6 for sunshade and wind-collecting treatment.

[0081] The working principle of the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6 is as follows: (1) After the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6 is set, the roadbed is slightly wider than the roadbed body (see Figure 1 , the roadbed refers to the bearing base plate 1, the bearing arch 2 and the upper fill 5), which can prevent the bearing base plate 1 from being directly exposed to solar radiation, which is a sun protection function; (2) the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6 extends a certain distance on both sides of the roadbed. When natural wind blows to the position of the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6, it will generate diversion above and below the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6. The upper part of the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6 has less obstruction due to the roadbed body, and the flow rate is faster than that under the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6. Therefore, the wind pressure under the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6 is greater than the wind pressure on the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6, which is conducive to the fluid taking away heat through the continuous overhead layer 7 between the entire arch and the plate (there is a greater pressure to press the wind from one side of the roadbed to the other side of the roadbed). In addition, due to the existence of the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6, the turbulent gas generation position is advanced from the inside of the roadbed body to the position of the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plate 6, which is more conducive to convective heat exchange.

[0082] The stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resisting roadbed structure described in this embodiment integrates the advantages of arch mechanics with the air convection heat regulation mechanism in space, forms a stable space frame through the bearing base plate 1 and the bearing arch 2, and has excellent load transfer efficiency through the span ratio design, which can convert the dynamic load of the road surface into axial pressure and evenly distribute it to the bearing base plate 1, significantly reducing the risk of uneven settlement; an efficient two-way air convection channel is constructed through the continuous overhead layer 7. In winter, cold air penetrates into the lower part of the roadbed through the overhead layer 7 driven by the negative temperature gradient, accelerating the accumulation of frozen soil cold reserves. In summer, the chimney effect is used to promote the upward discharge of hot air, forming a dynamic static heat insulation barrier; the sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plate 6 is used to prevent the load-bearing base plate 1 from absorbing heat and transferring it to the natural surface soil; from the perspective of thermal-mechanical collaborative design, the structure solves the interface weakening problem caused by the separation of the thermal protection system and the load-bearing structure in traditional technology; the structure has the advantages of high stability, low cost, strong heat dissipation and easy construction, reducing the impact of the roadbed in permafrost areas on the heat balance of the underlying permafrost, increasing the service life of the roadbed and the overall structural rigidity; in extremely cold areas, the overhead layer 7 can be used to actively introduce cold air in winter to establish an artificial permafrost core; through structural innovation, a dual breakthrough in thermal regulation and mechanical bearing is achieved, providing a more adaptable solution for the construction of transportation infrastructure in permafrost areas.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the construction method of a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resistant roadbed structure as described in Example 1 of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0085] Step 1: Clarify the geological conditions and determine the span size, which mainly includes: determining the results of stratigraphic exploration, permafrost type, surface undulation, surface water and other information. Under complex permafrost conditions, this structural form can be used for unfavorable locations such as large surface undulations, insufficient foundation bearing capacity or developed surface water.

[0086] Step 2: Determine the assembly plan of the bearing base plate 1 according to the designed height and width of the roadbed, and then lay the bearing base plate 1 on the leveled frozen ground surface to form an array according to the plan; during assembly, each horizontal row of the bearing base plates 1 includes one first reaction plate 11, and the rest are the second reaction plates 12. The first reaction plates 11 of two adjacent horizontal rows are respectively arranged at opposite ends, so that the bearing base plates 1 can be staggered and laid on the frozen ground surface, thereby improving the overall force-bearing capacity and stability of the bearing base plate 1 array; during assembly, pay attention to inserting the first tenon 15 between adjacent bearing base plates 1 into the first tenon groove 16 to achieve limiting; connect the first hand hole 17 group and the second hand hole 18 group on the bearing base plate 1 through the first arc bolt 3 and the first nut 32 to fasten the bearing base plate 1 with bolts.

[0087] Step three, place the split-type bearing arch 2 on the bearing base plate 1, realize the alignment and abutment of the two half widths through the second tenon 25 and the second tenon groove 26, then pass the arc bolt 4 through the third hand hole 27 and the third arc hole, and connect the arch top of the bearing arch 2 through the second nut 42; finally, the bearing arch 2 array is formed, and the overhead layer 7 is formed between the bearing arch 2 and the bearing base plate 1; wherein the bearing arch 2 and the bearing base plate 1 can be connected by concave-convex clamping and / or bolts, and this embodiment illustrates that the positioning groove 14 is provided on the reaction surface 13 of the bearing base plate 1, and the positioning protrusion 24 is provided on the arch foot 23 of the bearing arch 2, and the positioning protrusion 24 cooperates with the concave-convex clamping in the positioning groove 14.

[0088] Step 4: Arrange the upper fill 5 and the pavement structure layer on the holding arch 2 array according to the designed height and compact them;

[0089] Step 5: After the main body of the roadbed is completed, the sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plates 6 are inserted into both ends of the passage of the overhead layer 7.

[0090] The construction method of a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resistant roadbed structure described in this embodiment spatially integrates the advantages of arch mechanics with the air convection heat regulation mechanism, forms a stable spatial frame through the load-bearing base plate 1 and the load-bearing arch 2, and has excellent load transfer efficiency through the span ratio design, which can convert the dynamic load of the road surface into axial pressure and evenly distribute it to the load-bearing base plate 1, significantly reducing the risk of uneven settlement; an efficient two-way air convection channel is constructed through the continuous overhead layer 7. In winter, cold air penetrates into the lower part of the roadbed through the overhead layer 7 driven by the negative temperature gradient, accelerating the accumulation of frozen soil cold reserves, and in summer, the chimney effect promotes the upward discharge of hot air. A dynamic heat-insulating barrier is formed; the sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plate 6 is used to prevent the load-bearing base plate 1 from absorbing heat and transferring it to the natural surface soil; from the perspective of thermal-mechanical collaborative design, the structure solves the interface weakening problem caused by the separation of the thermal protection system and the load-bearing structure in traditional technologies; the structure has the advantages of high stability, low cost, strong heat dissipation, and easy construction, reducing the impact of the roadbed in permafrost areas on the heat balance of the underlying permafrost, and increasing the service life of the roadbed and the overall structural rigidity; in extremely cold areas, the overhead layer 7 can be used to actively introduce cold air in winter to establish an artificial permafrost core; through structural innovation, a dual breakthrough in thermal regulation and mechanical bearing is achieved, providing a more adaptable solution for the construction of transportation infrastructure in permafrost areas.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] The present invention relates to an application of a construction method of a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resistant roadbed structure as described in Example 1 or a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resistant roadbed structure as described in Example 2 in the fields of highways, railways, airports, cables, wires or oil and gas pipelines in permafrost areas.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual bearing and heat-resisting roadbed structure, comprising an upper fill (5), characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of bearing base plates (1) are laid in an array on the surface of the frozen ground layer along the line direction; A plurality of supporting arches (2) are arranged in an array along the line direction, the arch feet of the supporting arches (2) are connected to the supporting base plate (1), an overhead layer (7) is formed between the supporting arches (2) and the supporting base plate (1), the overhead layer (7) channel is arranged transversely relative to the line direction, and the upper fill (5) is arranged on the supporting arch (2) array; A plurality of sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plates (6) are arched, and the sun-proof and wind-gathering cover plates (6) are inserted into both ends of the passage of the overhead layer (7).

2. The stress diffusion plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resisting roadbed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: All the load-bearing base plates (1) are laid on the surface of the frozen ground layer with staggered joints.

3. The stress diffusion plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resisting roadbed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The two side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of each load-bearing base plate (1) are respectively provided with a first tenon (15) and a first tenon groove (16).

4. The stress diffusion plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resisting roadbed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: At least one group of first hand holes (17) is correspondingly provided on the tops of two adjacent load-bearing base plates (1) along the line direction, and each group of the first hand holes (17) is connected through a first arc-shaped hole, and a first arc-shaped bolt (3) is provided in the first arc-shaped hole; A group of second hand holes (18) are correspondingly provided on the tops of two load-bearing base plates (1) adjacent to each other in the transverse direction of the line. The second hand holes (18) are connected to each other through a second arc-shaped hole, and a first arc-shaped bolt (3) is provided in each of the second arc-shaped holes. The first arc-shaped bolts (3) connect adjacent load-bearing base plates (1).

5. The stress diffusion plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resisting roadbed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each of the load-bearing base plates (1) comprises two opposing reaction surfaces (13), the reaction surfaces (13) being arranged along the length direction of the load-bearing base plate (1), the reaction surfaces (13) supporting the arch feet (23) of the load-bearing arches (2), and one load-bearing base plate (1) supporting one load-bearing arch (2).

6. The stress diffusion plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resisting roadbed structure according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The reaction surface (13) and the arch foot (23) are connected by concave-convex clamping and / or bolt connection.

7. The stress diffusion plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resisting roadbed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The holding arch (2) is of split type, comprising two halves; The two half widths are butted together at the arch top, a second tenon (25) is provided on the butting surface of one half width, and a second tenon groove (26) is provided on the butting surface of the other half width.

8. The stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resisting roadbed structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that: At least one group of third hand holes (27) is correspondingly provided at the top of the two half-widths, and each group of the third hand holes (27) is connected through a third arc-shaped hole. A second arc-shaped bolt (4) is provided in the third arc-shaped hole, and the second arc-shaped bolt (4) connects the two half-widths.

9. A construction method for a stress diffusion plate-arch mutual load-sharing heat-resisting roadbed structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Determine an assembly plan of the load-bearing base plate (1) according to the designed height and width of the roadbed, and lay the load-bearing base plate (1) on the surface of the frozen ground layer to form an array; S2, installing the support arches (2) on the support base plate (1) to form an array of the support arches (2), and forming the overhead layer (7) between the support arches (2) and the support base plate (1); S3, arranging the upper fill (5) on the array of the holding arches (2) according to the designed height and compacting it; S4. Insert the sun-proof and wind-collecting cover plate (6) into both ends of the passage of the overhead layer (7).

10. Application of a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resistant roadbed structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or a construction method of a stress diffusion type plate-arch mutual load-sharing and heat-resistant roadbed structure according to claim 9 in the fields of roads, railways, airports, cables or oil and gas pipelines in frozen soil areas.

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