A solid-state hydrogen storage tank and hydrogen storage method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage method, belonging to the field of hydrogen storage technology. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank includes a shell having a plurality of accommodating cavities arranged along the direction of gravity and interconnected, the shell being provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet connected to the accommodating cavities; a tank body is detachably arranged in the shell, each accommodating cavity containing a tank body for containing a hydrogen storage medium; a portion of an air pipe is located in the shell and can be selectively connected to the interior of any tank body to allow hydrogen to enter or leave the interior of the tank body, or can be selectively isolated from the interior of any tank body, with at least one end of the air pipe located outside the shell; an electromagnetic coil is disposed in the tank body, the hydrogen storage medium includes superparamagnetic nanoparticles and hydrogen storage particles, the electromagnetic coil is used to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body, and the electromagnetic coil is also used to provide an alternating magnetic field to cause the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to generate heat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and in particular relates to a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage method. Background Art

[0002] As the global energy structure transforms towards a cleaner and lower-carbon one, hydrogen energy is considered a core component of the future energy system due to its advantages such as high energy density, zero carbon emissions and wide availability. However, the large-scale application of hydrogen energy has long been limited by bottlenecks in storage and transportation technology. Traditional hydrogen storage technologies (such as high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage) have problems such as low safety, high energy consumption and high cost, and more competitive solutions are urgently needed. Against this background, solid-state high-pressure hydrogen storage technology has emerged and has become a cutting-edge direction to break the contradiction between hydrogen storage density and safety.

[0003] With the development of the hydrogen storage industry, the technology of high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage tanks has matured, and the designs of hydrogen storage tanks have become more diverse. However, in existing technologies, the control measures for the hydrogen storage alloy powder inside the tank body still need to be improved. During the hydrogen absorption and desorption process, the flow of gas and the change in the volume of the alloy can easily lead to the flow, agglomeration, and accumulation of hydrogen storage alloy powder inside the device, which can significantly reduce the alloy's hydrogen storage performance. At the same time, the accumulation of alloy powder can easily lead to stress concentration inside the tank body, causing the container and pipeline to rupture, greatly affecting the stability and safety of the hydrogen storage tank. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present application provide a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage method, which can reduce the flow, agglomeration and accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium inside the hydrogen storage tank.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solid-state hydrogen storage tank, comprising a shell, a tank body, an air pipe, and an electromagnetic coil. The shell body has a plurality of accommodating chambers arranged along the direction of gravity and interconnected, and the shell body is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet connected to the accommodating chambers; the tank body is detachably arranged in the shell body, and each of the accommodating chambers contains a tank body, and the tank body is used to contain a hydrogen storage medium; a portion of the air pipe is located in the shell body and can be selectively connected to the interior of any of the tank bodies to allow hydrogen to enter or leave the interior of the tank body, or can be selectively isolated from the interior of any of the tank bodies, and at least one end of the air pipe is located outside the shell body; the electromagnetic coil is disposed in the tank body, the hydrogen storage medium includes superparamagnetic nanoparticles and hydrogen storage particles, and the electromagnetic coil is used to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body, and the electromagnetic coil is also used to provide an alternating magnetic field to cause the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to generate heat.

[0006] Specifically, during the hydrogen absorption process, a cooling medium is injected into the accommodating chamber through the liquid inlet, and the cooling medium is discharged through the liquid outlet to form a cooling medium circulation, thereby reducing the temperature in the accommodating chamber, thereby reducing the temperature of the tank body. A direct current is provided to the electromagnetic coil so that the electromagnetic coil provides a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body, thereby fixing the hydrogen storage medium relative to the tank body, thereby reducing the flow, agglomeration and accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium when hydrogen is filled, thereby ensuring the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium, avoiding stress concentration inside the tank body caused by accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium, and avoiding the expansion and rupture of the container and pipeline. Hydrogen is then filled into the tank body through the air pipe until the pressure inside the tank body reaches a threshold, and then the air pipe is switched to connect to the next tank body.

[0007] In the hydrogen release step, the gas pipe is connected to any tank; alternating current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil so that the electromagnetic coil provides an interlaced magnetic field, so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat, thereby promoting hydrogen release.

[0008] In the above technical solution, an electromagnetic coil is provided within the tank, and superparamagnetic nanoparticles and hydrogen storage particles together form a hydrogen storage medium. On the one hand, direct current can be supplied to the electromagnetic coil to provide a constant magnetic field, thereby fixing the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank, and thus fixing the hydrogen storage medium relative to the tank. This reduces the flow, agglomeration, and accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium during hydrogen filling, thereby ensuring the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium and avoiding stress concentration within the tank caused by accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium, as well as the expansion and rupture of the container and pipeline. Hydrogen is then filled into the tank through an air pipe until the pressure within the tank reaches a threshold, and then the air pipe is switched to connect to the next tank. On the other hand, alternating current can be supplied to the electromagnetic coil to provide an alternating magnetic field, causing the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to generate heat, thereby promoting hydrogen release. This ensures the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium and avoids stress concentration within the tank caused by accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium, as well as the expansion and rupture of the container and pipeline. This allows the solid-state hydrogen storage tank to release hydrogen faster.

[0009] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further comprises a heater, a protective sleeve, and a thermal insulation sleeve. The heater is wound around the inner circumference of the tank body and is used to provide heat to the tank body; the protective sleeve is spirally disposed inside the tank body; the heater is disposed inside the protective sleeve and extends along the extension direction of the protective sleeve; the electromagnetic coil is disposed inside the protective sleeve and extends along the extension direction of the protective sleeve; and the thermal insulation sleeve is disposed outside the electromagnetic coil and located inside the protective sleeve.

[0010] In this technical solution, by placing both the heating element and the electromagnetic coil within a protective sheath, the space occupied by the heating element and the electromagnetic coil within the tank is reduced, thereby increasing the volume of hydrogen storage medium that can be stored within the tank and thereby boosting the tank's hydrogen storage capacity. Furthermore, the heat released by the heating element into the tank combines with the heat generated by the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to accelerate the release of hydrogen, resulting in a simple structure and ease of implementation.

[0011] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a mounting tube and a conductive wire, wherein a portion of the mounting tube is located within the shell and communicates with the interior of the tank body, and at least one end of the mounting tube is located outside the shell; the conductive wire is disposed within the mounting tube for electrically connecting the electromagnetic coil and the power supply, and for electrically connecting the heating element and the power supply.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the installation tube and the conductive wire are provided to facilitate the connection between the heat conducting member and the electromagnetic coil in the tank and the power supply outside the shell. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0013] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a connecting pipe and a filter. The connecting pipe has a first end and a second end disposed opposite each other, the first end being in communication with the gas pipe, the tank body having a connection hole for inserting the connecting pipe, and the second end being inserted into the connection hole; and the filter is disposed within the connecting pipe to filter the hydrogen.

[0014] In the above technical solution, by providing a filter in the connecting pipe, the risk of hydrogen storage medium powder entering the air pipe during the release of hydrogen can be reduced, further reducing the risk of pipeline rupture.

[0015] In some embodiments, the filter screen is provided with filter holes for hydrogen to pass through, and the filter screen is arranged in a plurality of spaces along the radial direction of the connecting pipe, and the sizes of the filter holes gradually increase from the second end to the first end.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the size of the filter pores gradually increases from the second end toward the first end. The filter is configured with a multi-layer structure with gradually increasing pore size. This allows the first few layers to intercept larger particles, reducing the burden on subsequent layers, thereby extending the overall service life and improving processing efficiency. At the same time, the multi-layer structure design can also achieve graded filtration of particles of different sizes, improving filtration accuracy and flexibility. Furthermore, during the hydrogen filling process, the hydrogen can drive particles intercepted by the subsequent filter in the direction from the second end to the first end to pass through the previous filter, thereby facilitating the return of the particles to the tank.

[0017] In some embodiments, a guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the connecting pipe, and the guide groove is located between the first end and the filter screen.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the guide groove is located between the first end and the filter, so that turbulence is formed between the first end and the filter during the process of filling hydrogen, thereby facilitating hydrogen to drive the particles along the direction from the second end to the first end. The particles intercepted by the rear filter pass through the front filter, thereby facilitating the particles to return to the tank body.

[0019] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes an electrically controlled valve, through which the first end is disposed on the gas pipe, and the electrically controlled valve is used to connect or disconnect the first end from the interior of the gas pipe.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the air pipe can be selectively connected to or disconnected from the interior of any of the tanks through the electric control valve, and the structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0021] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a heat conductor, which is a plurality of heat conductors stacked in the tank body along the gravity direction, and the side of the heat conductor facing away from the tank body is recessed to form a holding tank for holding the hydrogen storage medium.

[0022] In the above technical solution, heat conduction is enhanced by the heat conducting member, and the thermal management efficiency is higher, so that the combination and separation of hydrogen and powder are more complete and rapid, thereby significantly improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption efficiency.

[0023] In some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a detection device having a measuring portion located inside the tank body, and the measuring portion is used to measure the temperature value, pressure value and hydrogen concentration of the tank body.

[0024] In the above technical solution, the temperature value, pressure value and hydrogen concentration of the tank body are measured by a detection device, so that the operator can understand the working conditions inside the tank body and improve the reliability of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

[0025] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for storing hydrogen using any of the solid-state hydrogen storage tanks described in the first aspect, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0026] S1. Hydrogen absorption step, comprising:

[0027] S11. Injecting cooling medium into the accommodating cavity through the liquid inlet;

[0028] S12 provides a direct current to the electromagnetic coil so that the electromagnetic coil provides a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank;

[0029] S13. Fill the tank with hydrogen through the gas pipe;

[0030] S14. When the pressure in the tank reaches a threshold, the air pipe switches to connect to the next tank;

[0031] S15. Repeat steps S11-S14 until the pressure in all tanks reaches the threshold;

[0032] S2. Hydrogen release step, comprising:

[0033] S21. The air pipe is connected to any tank;

[0034] S22. supplying an alternating current to the electromagnetic coil so that the electromagnetic coil provides an alternating magnetic field so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat, thereby promoting hydrogen release;

[0035] S23. After the hydrogen is released, the gas pipe is no longer connected to any tank body, and a cooling medium is injected into the accommodating cavity through the liquid inlet to reduce the temperature inside the tank body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage tank provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage tank in another direction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a protective cover provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a tank body provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a connecting pipe provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] In the picture:

[0043] 10-shell; 11-housing; 12-isolating member; 121-partition; 122-abutting block; 111-liquid inlet; 112-liquid outlet; 113-accommodating chamber; 114-opening; 20-tank body; 21-plug; 22-connecting hole; 30-air pipe; 31-electrically controlled valve; 40-protective cover; 41-electromagnetic coil; 42-heating element; 43-insulating cover; 50-mounting tube; 51-socket; 60-connecting tube; 601-first end; 602-second end; 603-guide groove; 61-filter; 70-heat conducting member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0046] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. Throughout this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0047] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] As the global energy structure transforms towards a cleaner and lower-carbon one, hydrogen energy is considered a core component of the future energy system due to its advantages such as high energy density, zero carbon emissions and wide availability. However, the large-scale application of hydrogen energy has long been limited by bottlenecks in storage and transportation technology. Traditional hydrogen storage technologies (such as high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage) have problems such as low safety, high energy consumption and high cost, and more competitive solutions are urgently needed. Against this background, solid-state high-pressure hydrogen storage technology has emerged and has become a cutting-edge direction to break the contradiction between hydrogen storage density and safety.

[0049] With the development of the hydrogen storage industry, the technology of high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage tanks has matured, and the designs of hydrogen storage tanks have become more diverse. However, in existing technologies, the control measures for the hydrogen storage alloy powder inside the tank body still need to be improved. During the hydrogen absorption and desorption process, the flow of gas and the change in the volume of the alloy can easily lead to the flow, agglomeration, and accumulation of hydrogen storage alloy powder inside the device, which can significantly reduce the alloy's hydrogen storage performance. At the same time, the accumulation of alloy powder can easily lead to stress concentration inside the tank body, causing the container and pipeline to rupture, greatly affecting the stability and safety of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0050] In order to solve the above technical problems, refer to Figure 1-Figure 3 An embodiment of the present application provides a solid-state hydrogen storage tank, including a shell 10, a tank body 20, an air pipe 30 and an electromagnetic coil 41. The shell 10 has multiple accommodating chambers 113 arranged along the direction of gravity and connected to each other. The shell 10 is provided with a liquid inlet 111 and a liquid outlet 112 connected to the accommodating chambers 113; the tank body 20 is detachably arranged in the shell 10, and each accommodating chamber 113 contains a tank body 20, which is used to contain a hydrogen storage medium; a portion of the air pipe 30 is located in the shell 10 and can be selectively connected to the interior of any tank body 20 to allow hydrogen to enter or leave the interior of the tank body 20, or can be selectively isolated from the interior of any tank body 20, and at least one end of the air pipe 30 is located outside the shell 10; an electromagnetic coil 41 is arranged in the tank body 20, the hydrogen storage medium includes superparamagnetic nanoparticles and hydrogen storage particles, the electromagnetic coil 41 is used to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body 20, and the electromagnetic coil 41 is also used to provide an alternating magnetic field to cause the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to generate heat.

[0051] The shell 10 is a shell-like structure used to accommodate other structural components of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank. For example, the shell 10 can be made of carbon fiber reinforced composite material to reduce the weight of the shell 10. The outer surface of the shell 10 can be wrapped with ceramic fiber to reduce heat exchange between the interior of the shell 10 and the outside.

[0052] The accommodating cavity 113 is a cavity for accommodating the tank body 20 . It can be understood that the accommodating cavity 113 corresponds to the tank body 20 on a one-to-one basis.

[0053] As the name implies, the liquid inlet 111 is a flow channel for the cooling medium to enter the accommodating chamber 113, and the liquid outlet 112 is a flow channel for the cooling medium to flow out of the accommodating chamber 113. In some embodiments, the liquid inlet 111 and the liquid outlet 112 are respectively located at opposite ends of the housing 10 in the direction of gravity, and the liquid inlet 111 is located above the liquid outlet 112.

[0054] Illustratively, the cooling medium may be an ethylene glycol aqueous solution.

[0055] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The housing 10 includes an outer shell 11, a cover (not shown in the figure) and an isolator 12. An opening 114 is provided on one side of the outer shell 11, and the cover is detachably provided on the outer shell 11 for closing the opening 114. The isolator 12 is a plurality of isolators 12 arranged in the outer shell 11 at intervals along the direction of gravity to divide the inner shell 11 into a plurality of accommodating chambers 113. The isolator 12 includes a partition 121 and an abutment block 122. The partition 121 is C-shaped with a notch. The abutment block 122 is provided on one side of the partition 121 in the direction of gravity for abutting against the tank body 20 so that a gap for the circulation of the cooling medium exists between the tank body 20 and the inner wall of the outer shell 11. Exemplarily, the isolator 12 is detachably connected to the outer shell 11.

[0056] The tank body 20 comprises an inner liner and a fiber-wound layer wrapped around the outer surface of the inner liner. The fiber-wound layer is made of glass fiber, carbon fiber, or composite fiber impregnated with epoxy resin and then wrapped around the outer surface of the inner liner under a certain tension. It solidifies and becomes a single unit with the inner liner. The fiber layer serves as a composite reinforcement layer, sharing the internal pressure with the inner liner. Because the fiber-wound layer is stronger than steel but lower in density, the tank body 20 weighs one-third less than a traditional pure steel tank of equal volume, significantly improving the hydrogen storage rate per unit weight of the tank body 20. Furthermore, the epoxy resin-coated surface of the tank body 20 provides excellent insulation, reducing the risk of static electricity ignition.

[0057] It should be noted that, in order to facilitate observation of the structure inside the tank body 20, Figure 1 The middle tank body 20 is open, and in actual use, the tank body 20 should be a closed shell structure.

[0058] Superparamagnetic nanoparticles are particles made of magnetic materials. When the particle size is reduced to a critical value, such as 16nm for Fe3O4, the particles exhibit a superparamagnetic state with no remanence or coercivity. This means that they rapidly magnetize under an external magnetic field and lose their magnetism when the field is removed. The alternating magnetic field induces heat.

[0059] The electromagnetic coil 41 is an electronic component operating on the principle of electromagnetic induction and is formed by winding a wire. By configuring the can 20 as an insulator, it provides mechanical support, ensuring a tight and stable coil, thereby optimizing magnetic field distribution. This reduces the impact of loose or slippery wire on the calculation accuracy of inductance and reactance. Furthermore, the can 20 reduces magnetic flux leakage under high-frequency currents.

[0060] An alternating magnetic field is a magnetic field generated by alternating current driving electromagnetic coil 41. Its magnetic induction intensity and direction change over time according to a certain pattern (e.g., a sine wave). For example, when alternating current passes through electromagnetic coil 41, the magnetic field around the coil continuously switches polarity, forming a dynamically changing magnetic field.

[0061] The hydrogen storage particles can be particles of metal hydrides such as magnesium nickel, magnesium copper, titanium manganese, etc.

[0062] Specifically, during the hydrogen absorption process, a cooling medium is injected into the accommodating chamber 113 through the liquid inlet 111, and the cooling medium is discharged through the liquid outlet 112 to form a cooling medium circulation, thereby reducing the temperature in the accommodating chamber 113 and thus reducing the temperature of the tank body 20. A direct current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil 41 so that the electromagnetic coil 41 provides a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body 20, thereby fixing the hydrogen storage medium relative to the tank body 20, thereby reducing the flow, agglomeration, and accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium during hydrogen filling, thereby ensuring the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium and avoiding stress concentration inside the tank body 20 caused by accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium, as well as the expansion and rupture of the container and pipeline. Hydrogen is then filled into the tank body 20 through the air pipe 30 until the pressure inside the tank body 20 reaches a threshold, and then the air pipe 30 is switched to connect to the next tank body 20.

[0063] In the hydrogen release step, the gas pipe 30 is connected to any tank 20; alternating current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil 41 so that the electromagnetic coil 41 provides an alternating magnetic field, so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat, thereby promoting hydrogen release.

[0064] In this technical solution, an electromagnetic coil 41 is set in the tank body 20, and a hydrogen storage medium is formed by superparamagnetic nanoparticles and hydrogen storage particles. On the one hand, by providing direct current to the electromagnetic coil 41, the electromagnetic coil 41 provides a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body 20, and then fix the hydrogen storage medium relative to the tank body 20, thereby reducing the flow, agglomeration and accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium when filling with hydrogen, thereby ensuring the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium, avoiding stress concentration inside the tank body 20 caused by accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium, and the expansion and rupture of the container and pipeline. Subsequently, hydrogen is filled into the tank body 20 through the air pipe 30 until the pressure inside the tank body 20 reaches a threshold, and then the air pipe 30 is switched to connect with the next tank body 20. On the other hand, by providing alternating current to the electromagnetic coil 41, the electromagnetic coil 41 provides an interlaced magnetic field, so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat, thereby promoting the release of hydrogen. Thus, the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage medium is ensured, stress concentration inside the tank body 20 caused by accumulation of the hydrogen storage medium and rupture of the container and the pipeline are avoided, and the solid hydrogen storage tank can release hydrogen faster.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present application, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4The solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a heating element 42, a protective sleeve 40, and a thermal insulation sleeve 43. The heating element 42 is wound around the inner circumference of the tank body 20 and is used to provide heat to the tank body 20; the protective sleeve 40 is spirally arranged inside the tank body 20, the heating element 42 is arranged inside the protective sleeve 40 and extends along the extension direction of the protective sleeve 40, the electromagnetic coil 41 is arranged inside the protective sleeve 40 and extends along the extension direction of the protective sleeve 40; the thermal insulation sleeve 43 is sleeved outside the electromagnetic coil 41 and is located inside the protective sleeve 40.

[0066] The heating element 42 may be an electric thermocouple, which can convert electrical energy into resistive heat energy after current is passed through it, so as to increase the temperature inside the tank body 20 .

[0067] The heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41 are both disposed within the protective cover 40 so that the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41 jointly occupy a portion of the space within the tank body 20, thereby reducing the space occupied by the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41 within the tank body 20. This also facilitates connection of a power source to the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41.

[0068] The thermal insulation sleeve 43 may be a ceramic fiber layer.

[0069] In this technical solution, by placing both the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41 within the protective sheath 40, the space occupied by the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41 within the tank 20 is reduced, thereby increasing the volume of hydrogen storage medium that can be stored within the tank 20 and the hydrogen storage capacity of the tank 20. At the same time, the heat released into the tank 20 by the heating element 42 can cooperate with the heat generated by the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to accelerate the discharge rate of hydrogen gas. This simple structure makes it easy to implement.

[0070] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figures 1-4 The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes a mounting tube 50 and a conductive wire. Part of the mounting tube 50 is located inside the shell 10 and is connected to the interior of the tank body 20. At least one end of the mounting tube 50 is located outside the shell 10; the conductive wire is arranged in the mounting tube 50 for electrically connecting the electromagnetic coil 41 and the power supply, and for electrically connecting the heating element 42 and the power supply.

[0071] Exemplarily, the mounting tube 50 is made of 316L stainless steel to provide the mounting tube 50 with good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. The interior of the mounting tube 50 is wrapped with ceramic fiber to reduce the impact of external heat changes on the circuit. The mounting tube 50 is provided with a socket 51 corresponding to the accommodating cavity 113, and the tank body 20 is provided with a socket 51 electrically connected to the heating element 42 and the electromagnetic coil 41. When the tank body 20 is inserted into the housing 10, the socket 51 cooperates with the plug 21 to electrically connect the conductive wire and the electromagnetic coil 41, and electrically connect the conductive wire and the heating element 42. It is understandable that the plug 21 and the socket 51 should be sealed.

[0072] In this technical solution, by providing the mounting tube 50 and the conductive wire, the heat conducting member 70 and the electromagnetic coil 41 in the tank 20 are connected to the power source outside the housing 10. The structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0073] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 5 The solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a connecting pipe 60 and a filter 61. The connecting pipe 60 has a first end 601 and a second end 602 disposed opposite each other. The first end 601 is connected to the gas pipe 30. The tank body 20 has a connecting hole 22 for inserting the connecting pipe 60, and the second end 602 is inserted into the connecting hole 22. The filter 61 is disposed within the connecting pipe 60 to filter the hydrogen.

[0074] Illustratively, the outer layer of the filter screen 61 is 316L stainless steel that is resistant to hydrogen embrittlement, and the inner layer is a nickel-based alloy that is resistant to high-temperature corrosion, and the layers are fixed by laser welding.

[0075] In this technical solution, by providing a filter 61 in the connecting pipe 60, the risk of hydrogen storage medium powder entering the air pipe 30 during the release of hydrogen can be reduced, further reducing the risk of pipeline rupture.

[0076] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 5 The filter screen 61 is provided with filter holes for hydrogen to pass through. The filter screen 61 is a plurality of filter holes arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the connecting pipe 60. The size of the filter holes gradually increases from the second end 602 to the first end 601.

[0077] Exemplarily, the filter screen 61 may be three-layered, with filter pore sizes of 10 μm, 25 μm, and 50 μm, respectively, pointing from the second end 602 to the first end 601 .

[0078] In this technical solution, the size of the filter pores gradually increases from the second end 602 toward the first end 601. The filter screen 61 is configured with a multi-layer structure and a gradually increasing pore size. Larger particles can be intercepted by the first few layers, reducing the burden on subsequent layers, thereby extending the overall service life and improving processing efficiency. At the same time, the multi-layer structure design can also achieve graded filtration of particles of different sizes, improving filtration accuracy and flexibility. Furthermore, during the hydrogen filling process, the hydrogen can drive particles intercepted by the subsequent filter screen 61 in the direction from the second end 602 to the first end 601 to pass through the previous filter screen 61, thereby facilitating the return of the particles to the tank body 20.

[0079] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 5 A guide groove 603 is provided on the inner wall of the connecting pipe 60 , and the guide groove 603 is located between the first end 601 and the filter screen 61 .

[0080] Exemplarily, the guide groove 603 is spiral-shaped, and the rise angle of the guide groove 603 is greater than 10° and less than 45°.

[0081] In this technical solution, the guide groove 603 is located between the first end 601 and the filter 61, so that turbulence is formed between the first end 601 and the filter 61 during the process of filling hydrogen, thereby facilitating hydrogen to drive the particles along the second end 602 in the direction of the first end 601. The particles intercepted by the rear filter 61 pass through the front filter 61, thereby facilitating the particles to return to the tank body 20.

[0082] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes an electrically controlled valve 31 , and the first end 601 is arranged on the gas pipe 30 through the electrically controlled valve 31 , and the electrically controlled valve 31 is used to connect or isolate the first end 601 and the interior of the gas pipe 30 .

[0083] The electric control valve 31 is an automated device that controls the flow of fluid through electronic signals. The electric control valve 31 (electric control valve) drives the valve to open, close or adjust through a motor or electromagnetic coil 41.

[0084] Exemplarily, the electrically controlled valve 31 may be a solenoid valve.

[0085] In this technical solution, the air pipe 30 can be selectively connected to or isolated from the interior of any tank body 20 through the electric control valve 31, and the structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0086] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 4 The solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a heat conducting member 70 , which is a plurality of heat conducting members 70 stacked in the tank body 20 along the gravity direction. The heat conducting member 70 is recessed on one side away from the tank body 20 to form a receiving tank for receiving the hydrogen storage medium.

[0087] Exemplarily, the heat conducting member 70 is formed by laser sintering of silicon carbide powder.

[0088] In some embodiments, the heat conductor 70 is a multi-layer stacked in the tank body 20 along the direction of gravity, and each layer of heat conductors 70 is a plurality of heat conductors arranged in the horizontal direction. The heat conductors 70 are honeycomb-shaped, and gaps are provided between the heat conductors 70 in the same layer to prevent local thermal expansion and contraction from causing structural damage when the temperature changes. The receiving tank is a regular hexagon, and the surface of the tank wall of the receiving tank is provided with an etched groove. The surface of the tank wall of the receiving tank is provided with a polysiloxane-graphene composite coating of a microencapsulated silane coupling agent. The polysiloxane-graphene composite coating has temperature-responsive viscosity and self-healing function. It is semi-solid at room temperature and has a certain viscosity. It can adsorb powder in contact with it, thereby reducing the flow of the hydrogen storage medium when hydrogen is filled, and the viscosity decreases when the temperature rises, which is conducive to the free passage of hydrogen. At the same time, the coating contains microencapsulated silane coupling agent, which automatically releases and repairs cracks after wear.

[0089] As can be understood, when releasing hydrogen, the electromagnetic coils 41 within each tank 20 activate an alternating magnetic field, allowing the superparamagnetic nanoparticles and heater 42 to jointly provide heat to raise the temperature within the tank 20, promoting hydrogen release and accelerating the separation of hydrogen from the alloy powder. The viscosity of the composite coating decreases as the temperature rises, further facilitating the free passage of hydrogen. When hydrogen is filled, the heaters 42 cease operation, and external coolant flows into the housing 10 to dissipate the heat generated by the hydrogen storage medium absorbing hydrogen. The electromagnetic coils 41 switch to a perpendicular magnetic field to lock the powder. Simultaneously, the composite coating on the surface of the tank within the tank 20 has a higher viscosity at room temperature, further adsorbing any powder it comes into contact with.

[0090] In this technical solution, heat conduction is enhanced by the heat conducting member 70, and the thermal management efficiency is higher, so that the combination and separation of hydrogen and powder are more complete and rapid, thereby significantly improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption efficiency.

[0091] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank further includes a detection device having a measuring portion located inside the tank body 20 , and the measuring portion is used to measure the temperature value, pressure value and hydrogen concentration of the tank body 20 .

[0092] In some embodiments, the detection device is a dual-diameter fiber Bragg grating sensor, which is used to measure the temperature and pressure data in the sub-tank. A hydrogen sensing fiber Bragg grating sensor probe is installed at the bottom of the tank body 20 to measure the hydrogen concentration.

[0093] In this technical solution, the temperature value, pressure value and hydrogen concentration of the tank body 20 are measured by a detection device, so that the operator can understand the working conditions inside the tank body 20 and improve the reliability of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

[0094] The present invention provides a method for storing hydrogen using the solid-state hydrogen storage tank, which includes the following steps:

[0095] S1. Hydrogen absorption step, comprising:

[0096] S11. The cooling medium is injected into the accommodating chamber 113 through the liquid inlet 111;

[0097] S12 provides a direct current to the electromagnetic coil 41 so that the electromagnetic coil 41 provides a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank 20;

[0098] S13. Hydrogen is filled into the tank 20 through the gas pipe 30;

[0099] S14. When the pressure in the tank 20 reaches the threshold, the air pipe 30 switches to communicate with the next tank 20;

[0100] S15. Repeat steps S11-S14 until the pressure in all tanks 20 reaches the threshold;

[0101] S2. Hydrogen release step, comprising:

[0102] S21. The trachea 30 is connected to any one of the tanks 20;

[0103] S22. Supplying alternating current to the electromagnetic coil 41 so that the electromagnetic coil 41 provides an alternating magnetic field so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat, thereby promoting hydrogen release;

[0104] S23. After the hydrogen is released, the gas pipe 30 is no longer connected to any tank body 20, and a cooling medium is injected into the accommodating cavity 113 through the liquid inlet 111 to reduce the temperature inside the tank body 20.

[0105] It should be noted that, unless there is any conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0106] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application are intended to be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that: include: A shell having a plurality of accommodating cavities arranged along the direction of gravity and connected to each other, and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet connected to the accommodating cavities are provided on the shell; A tank body is detachably disposed in the shell, and each of the accommodating chambers contains one tank body, and the tank body is used to contain a hydrogen storage medium; a gas pipe partially located within the shell and capable of communicating with the interior of any of the tanks to allow hydrogen to enter or leave the interior of the tanks, or capable of being isolated from the interior of any of the tanks, with at least one end of the gas pipe being located outside the shell; The solid-state hydrogen storage tank further comprises an electromagnetic coil, which is disposed within the tank body. The hydrogen storage medium comprises superparamagnetic nanoparticles and hydrogen storage particles. The electromagnetic coil is configured to provide a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank body. The electromagnetic coil is also configured to provide an alternating magnetic field to cause the superparamagnetic nanoparticles to generate heat. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: a heating element, the heating element being arranged around the inner circumference of the tank body and being used to provide heat to the tank body; A protective sleeve is spirally arranged inside the tank body, the heating element is arranged in the protective sleeve and extends along the extension direction of the protective sleeve, and the electromagnetic coil is arranged in the protective sleeve and extends along the extension direction of the protective sleeve; A heat-insulating sleeve, which is arranged outside the electromagnetic coil and inside the protective sleeve; The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: a mounting tube, partially located within the shell and communicating with the interior of the tank, with at least one end of the mounting tube located outside the shell; a conductive wire disposed in the mounting tube for electrically connecting the electromagnetic coil and the power supply, and for electrically connecting the heating element and the power supply; The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: a connecting pipe having a first end and a second end opposite to each other, the first end being in communication with the air pipe, a connecting hole for inserting the connecting pipe being formed on the tank body, and the second end being inserted into the connecting hole; A filter is provided in the connecting pipe for filtering hydrogen; The filter screen is provided with filter holes for hydrogen to pass through, and the filter screen is provided in a plurality of spaces along the radial direction of the connecting pipe, and the sizes of the filter holes gradually increase from the second end to the first end; The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: The heat conducting members are stacked in the tank body along the gravity direction, and the side of the heat conducting members facing away from the tank body is recessed to form a receiving tank for receiving the hydrogen storage medium.

2. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the connecting pipe is provided with a guide groove, and the guide groove is located between the first end and the filter screen.

3. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: An electrically controlled valve, wherein the first end is arranged on the air pipe through the electrically controlled valve, and the electrically controlled valve is used to connect or isolate the first end from the interior of the air pipe.

4. A solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage tank also includes: The detection device has a measuring part located inside the tank body, and the measuring part is used to measure the temperature value, pressure value and hydrogen concentration of the tank body.

5. A method for storing hydrogen using the solid-state hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Hydrogen absorption step, comprising: S11. Injecting cooling medium into the accommodating cavity through the liquid inlet; S12 provides a direct current to the electromagnetic coil so that the electromagnetic coil provides a constant magnetic field to fix the superparamagnetic nanoparticles relative to the tank; S13. Fill the tank with hydrogen through the gas pipe; S14. When the pressure in the tank reaches a threshold, the air pipe switches to connect to the next tank; S15. Repeat steps S11-S14 until the pressure in all tanks reaches the threshold; S2. Hydrogen release step, comprising: S21. The trachea is connected to any tank; S22. supplying an alternating current to the electromagnetic coil so that the electromagnetic coil provides an alternating magnetic field so that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles generate heat, thereby promoting the release of hydrogen; S23. After the hydrogen is released, the gas pipe is no longer connected to any tank body, and a cooling medium is injected into the accommodating cavity through the liquid inlet to reduce the temperature inside the tank body.

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