A forest climate monitoring system and method based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of forest climate monitoring system and method based on high-resolution remote sensing satellite, it is related to environmental monitoring technical field, including the high-resolution remote sensing satellite for capturing forest area high-resolution image and ground receiving station, also include multiple fixed-point monitoring devices buried in each region of forest, for collecting the environmental climate data of forest fixed-point area, high-resolution remote sensing satellite and fixed-point monitoring device are wirelessly connected with ground receiving station, ground receiving station is used to process and analyze remote sensing data and acquisition data;Fixed-point monitoring device includes annular water storage cylinder, the underground monitoring module for collecting forest underground environmental data on the surface of annular water storage cylinder, the column in the center of annular water storage cylinder.This system cooperates by high-resolution remote sensing satellite and multiple distributed fixed-point monitoring devices buried in different positions of forest area, quickly identifies risk area, improves the monitoring accuracy of system, realizes early warning and emergency response of forest fire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental monitoring technology, specifically a forest climate monitoring system and method based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites. Background Technology

[0002] Forest climate monitoring is the continuous and systematic observation and recording of climate conditions in forest areas. Its aim is to understand the patterns of forest climate change and provide data support for forest management, ecological protection, and climate change research. Methods for forest climate monitoring typically include ground observation, remote sensing, and model simulation. Among these, monitoring based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites can provide high-resolution image data, capturing subtle changes in forest areas and providing more accurate data support for forest management and ecological protection. An important application of forest climate monitoring is forest fire prevention. By monitoring temperature changes and vegetation dryness in forest areas, signs of forest fires can be detected in a timely manner, providing timely information support for fire fighting.

[0003] However, existing remote sensing satellite forest climate monitoring systems generally rely solely on high-resolution remote sensing satellites to monitor climate change in forest areas, resulting in data that is not accurate enough; and once anomalies occur, they are difficult to handle effectively and in a timely manner.

[0004] To address these issues, we provide a forest climate monitoring system and method based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems in the prior art by providing a forest climate monitoring system and method based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A forest climate monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites includes a high-resolution remote sensing satellite for capturing high-resolution images of forest areas and a ground receiving station. It also includes multiple fixed-point monitoring devices buried in various areas of the forest for collecting environmental climate data of the fixed-point forest areas. The high-resolution remote sensing satellites and fixed-point monitoring devices are wirelessly connected to the ground receiving station, which is used to process and analyze the remote sensing data and the collected data.

[0008] The fixed-point monitoring device includes an annular water tank, an underground monitoring module located on the surface of the annular water tank for collecting forest underground environmental data, a column located at the center of the annular water tank, a lifting mechanism located on the side of the column, an above-ground monitoring module located on the column for collecting above-ground environmental data, and a processor module, storage module, GPS module, wireless communication module, and rescue component located inside the column. The top of the column is also provided with spray holes for spraying liquid inside the annular water tank and spray holes for spraying colored smoke for rescue. The top of the annular water tank is provided with a flame retardant adding component. The column is also provided with a guiding component for providing escape route indication.

[0009] As a further optimization of the present invention, the annular water storage cylinder is provided with a water inlet tank on its side, and the top of the water inlet tank is provided with a water inlet mesh plate for collecting rainwater. The inside of the water inlet tank is provided with a filter element. The top of the annular water storage cylinder is provided with a water pump, and the outlet end of the water pump is provided with a water outlet pipe. The bottom surface of the column is provided with a water inlet hole that magnetically engages with the water outlet pipe. The top of the annular water storage cylinder is also provided with a protective box, the top of the protective box is provided with a solar panel, the top of the column is provided with a battery storage cavity for storing rechargeable batteries, the side of the battery storage cavity is provided with a metal plate, and the inside of the protective box is provided with another metal part for engaging with the metal plate to charge the rechargeable battery using the solar panel.

[0010] As a further optimization of the present invention, an emergency supplies storage cavity and an emergency button are also provided on the lower surface of the column, the emergency button being used to activate the rescue component.

[0011] As a further optimization of the present invention, the flame retardant adding component includes a flame retardant feeding unit, the flame retardant feeding unit includes a flame retardant storage tank and a feeding pipe located at the bottom of the flame retardant storage tank; the upper part of the feeding pipe is a square tube and the lower part is a circular tube, an annular plate is fixedly provided on the square tube, and the top of the annular water storage tank is provided with an annular stepped groove that slides and engages with the annular plate and the square tube respectively.

[0012] As a further optimization of the present invention, the flame retardant addition assembly further includes a stirring unit, the stirring unit including a sun gear ring rotatably fitted inside an annular water storage tank and a first gear ring fixed inside the annular water storage tank; a plurality of planetary gears are provided between the sun gear ring and the first gear ring, a stirring rod is provided at the bottom edge of the planetary gears, a first gear meshing with the sun gear ring is provided on the side of the sun gear ring, and a first motor for driving the rotation of the first gear is provided above the first gear; a feeding pipe is provided through the center of one of the planetary gears, a feeding auger is fixed inside the feeding pipe, the feeding auger is inserted into the discharge pipe, and the circular tube of the discharge pipe is movably inserted into the feeding pipe.

[0013] As a further optimization of the present invention, the guiding component includes a guiding plate and a second motor for driving the guiding plate to rotate. A second gear ring is fixedly provided at the bottom of the second motor. The second gear ring is sleeved in the surface groove of the column. A second gear meshing with the inner side of the second gear ring is provided. A third motor for driving the second gear to rotate is provided at the bottom of the second gear.

[0014] As a further optimization of the present invention, the distress component includes a colored smoke reservoir and a fan located at the top of the colored smoke reservoir. The fan has an outlet pipe at its outlet end, which extends into the spray hole.

[0015] As a further optimization of the present invention, it also includes a parking platform assembly located at the top of the column for temporarily parking and swapping batteries for drones; the parking platform assembly includes four display panels evenly distributed along the circumference and a first drive mechanism for driving the display panels to unfold or retract. One end of the display panel is hinged to the column. The first drive mechanism includes a third gear and a fourth motor for driving the third gear to rotate. A rack is provided on the side of the third gear and meshes with it. A fourth gear is provided above the rack and meshes with it. The fourth gear is fixedly sleeved on the hinge shaft of the display panel.

[0016] As a further optimization of the present invention, the parking platform assembly also includes a positioning block slidably disposed on the top of the display panel and a second drive mechanism for pulling multiple positioning blocks together; the positioning block is used to push the UAV to orient itself for battery swapping, and the second drive mechanism includes a winding wheel and a fifth motor for driving the winding wheel to rotate, and a pull rope is wound on the winding wheel, and the pull rope is fixedly connected to the positioning block.

[0017] This invention also provides a forest climate monitoring method based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. Capture high-resolution images of forest areas using high-resolution remote sensing satellites;

[0019] S2. The ground receiving station receives the high-resolution imagery and monitors forest climate changes in real time based on the forest climate monitoring model. If no abnormal changes occur, the station controls the fixed-point monitoring devices to operate normally. When abnormal changes occur, the ground receiving station controls the fixed-point monitoring devices in the abnormal area to operate in order to further collect ground climate data. Specifically, the station controls the lifting mechanism to drive the column to rise and collects underground and above-ground environmental data through the underground monitoring module and the above-ground monitoring module. The ground receiving station receives the environmental data from the fixed-point monitoring devices and controls the fixed-point monitoring devices in the corresponding areas to operate abnormally based on the high-resolution imagery and environmental data.

[0020] Routine operation includes regularly irrigating the surrounding plants; non-routine operation includes: adding flame retardant into the annular water tank through the flame retardant adding component and spraying it in all directions to hinder the spread of fire; adjusting the orientation of the guiding component to provide escape route indication; and activating the distress component to spray colored smoke to send out distress signals.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. This invention enables the system to be applied to forest fire prevention by setting up high-resolution remote sensing satellites, ground receiving stations, and fixed-point monitoring devices. Through the cooperation of high-resolution remote sensing satellites and multiple distributed fixed-point monitoring devices buried in different locations in forest areas, risk areas can be quickly identified, the monitoring accuracy of the system can be improved, and early warning and emergency response to forest fires can be achieved.

[0023] 2. This invention integrates a flame retardant addition component, a guidance component, and a distress signal component into the fixed-point monitoring device, enabling the system to have corresponding emergency response capabilities. It can hinder the spread of fire by spraying flame retardant liquid, provide escape route guidance, and allow trapped personnel to send out distress signals. Furthermore, the column is designed as a lifting component, which does not affect the forest ecology during daily monitoring. In abnormal situations, it can raise the guidance component, distress signal component, and spraying height to improve the emergency response effect.

[0024] 3. By setting up a parking platform component, the present invention can be deployed to allow drones to temporarily park and exchange batteries. When a fire occurs, the drone can fly to the device to land and replace the battery, and then take off again to perform tasks such as firefighting and reconnaissance, which greatly improves the operational efficiency and endurance of the drone. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the annular water storage cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the column structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the column structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the flame retardant addition component structure of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the flame retardant addition component structure of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the guiding component structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the distress component structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a bottom view of the parking platform component of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0035] Figure 11 This is a top view of the parking platform component of the present invention.

[0036] In the picture:

[0037] 1. Annular water storage tank; 101. Water inlet tank; 102. Water inlet mesh plate; 103. Filter element; 104. Water pump; 105. Water outlet pipe; 106. Annular stepped groove; 107. Protective box; 108. Solar panel; 2. Underground monitoring module; 3. Column; 301. Water inlet hole; 302. Water spray hole; 303. Spray hole; 304. Emergency material storage chamber; 305. Emergency button; 306. Battery storage chamber; 307. Metal plate; 4. Lifting mechanism; 5. Above-ground monitoring module; 6. Flame retardant adding component; 601. Flame retardant feeding unit; 601a. ​​Flame retardant storage tank; 601b. Feeding pipe; 601c. Annular plate; 602. Stirring unit; 602a. Solar gear ring; 602b. First gear ring; 602c. 602d, Planetary gear; 602e, First gear; 602f, Stirring rod; 602g, Feeding pipe; 602h, Feeding auger; 7, Guiding assembly; 701, Guide plate; 702, Second motor; 703, Second gear ring; 704, Second gear; 705, Third motor; 8, Distress assembly; 801, Colored smoke storage cylinder; 802, Fan; 803, Air outlet pipe; 9, Stopping platform assembly; 901, Display board; 902, First drive mechanism; 902a, Third gear; 902b, Fourth motor; 902c, Rack; 902d, Fourth gear; 903, Positioning block; 904, Second drive mechanism; 904a, Rewinding reel; 904b, Fifth motor; 904c, Pull rope. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] To address the issue that existing forest climate monitoring systems typically rely on high-resolution remote sensing satellites to monitor temperature changes and smoke conditions in forest areas to detect signs of forest fires and provide timely information support for fire fighting, but the accuracy of monitoring solely relying on high-resolution remote sensing satellites is not ideal, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference needed]. Figure 1 , Figure 3 This invention provides a forest climate monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites. It includes a high-resolution remote sensing satellite for capturing high-resolution images of forest areas and a ground receiving station. It also includes multiple fixed-point monitoring devices buried in various forest areas to collect environmental climate data from these fixed locations. The underground placement of these devices ensures secure data transmission and long-term stable operation. Both the high-resolution remote sensing satellite and the fixed-point monitoring devices are wirelessly connected to the ground receiving station, which processes and analyzes the remote sensing data and the collected data. The fixed-point monitoring devices include an annular water tank 1, an underground monitoring module 2 located on the surface of the annular water tank 1 for collecting underground forest environmental data, a column 3 located at the center of the annular water tank 1, a lifting mechanism 4 located on the side of the column 3, an above-ground monitoring module 5 located on the column 3 for collecting above-ground environmental data, and a processor module, storage module, GPS module, wireless communication module, and distress signaling component 8 located inside the column 3. The underground monitoring module 2 includes, but is not limited to, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and soil moisture sensors. The temperature sensor monitors soil temperature, the humidity sensor monitors soil humidity, and the soil moisture sensor monitors soil water content to assess fire risk. Underground monitoring provides an additional dimension for forest fire early warning; the above-ground monitoring module 5 includes, but is not limited to, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, smoke sensors, and wind speed and direction sensors. Temperature sensors monitor changes in surface and air temperature, focusing on abnormal increases; humidity sensors monitor air humidity to identify dry environments; smoke sensors monitor smoke particles; wind speed and direction sensors assist in determining the direction and speed of fire spread; and a GPS module precisely locates the position of fixed-point monitoring devices, providing data for path guidance. The top of the column 3 is also equipped with spray holes 302 for spraying liquid from the annular water tank 1 and spray holes 303 for spraying colored smoke for distress signals. This enables the system to be applied to forest fire prevention. Through the cooperation of high-resolution remote sensing satellites and multiple distributed fixed-point monitoring devices buried in different locations within the forest area, risk areas can be quickly identified, improving the system's monitoring accuracy and achieving early warning and emergency response for forest fires.

[0041] like Figures 2-4As shown, the annular water storage tank 1 has a water inlet tank 101 on its side, and a water inlet mesh plate 102 for collecting rainwater is provided on the top of the water inlet tank 101. A filter element 103 is provided inside the water inlet tank 101. A water pump 104 is provided on the top of the annular water storage tank 1, and a water outlet pipe 105 is provided at the outlet end of the water pump 104. A water inlet hole 301 is provided on the bottom surface of the column 3, which magnetically engages with the water outlet pipe 105. A protective box 107 is also provided on the top of the annular water storage tank 1 to protect the internal components from damage. To prevent damage from environmental factors (such as rain, insects, etc.), the top of the protective box 107 is equipped with a solar panel 108. A transparent protective plate can be installed on the top of the solar panel 108 to prevent damage to the solar panel 108. The top of the column 3 is equipped with a battery storage cavity 306 for storing rechargeable batteries. A metal plate 307 is provided on the side of the battery storage cavity 306. The interior of the protective box 107 is equipped with another metal part for cooperating with the metal plate 307 to charge the rechargeable battery using the solar panel 108.

[0042] In use, rainwater enters the water inlet tank 101 through the inlet mesh plate 102, is filtered by the filter element 103, and then flows into the annular water storage tank 1. When the column 3 rises to its highest point, the inlet hole 301 and the outlet pipe 105 are attracted together, and the water pump 104 draws the liquid out of the annular water storage tank 1. The liquid is then transported through the outlet pipe 105 and the flow channel inside the column 3, and sprayed outwards from the spray hole 302. Under normal conditions, it can be used to irrigate surrounding plants; under abnormal conditions, it can be used to spray flame-retardant liquid. When the column 3 descends to its lowest point, the metal plate 307 contacts another metal part inside the protective box 107, and the charging circuit is connected, allowing charging via the solar panel 108. The solar panel 108 enables the device to provide a continuous power supply.

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figures 5-6As shown, the top of the annular water storage tank 1 is provided with a flame retardant adding component 6, which includes a flame retardant feeding unit 601 and a stirring unit 602. The flame retardant feeding unit 601 includes a flame retardant storage tank 601a and a feeding pipe 601b located at the bottom of the flame retardant storage tank 601a. ​​The upper part of the feeding pipe 601b is a square pipe and the lower part is a round pipe. An annular plate 601c is fixed on the square pipe. The top of the annular water storage tank 1 is provided with an annular stepped groove 106 that slides with the annular plate 601c and the square pipe respectively. The stirring unit 602 includes a sun gear ring 602a rotatably fitted inside the annular water storage tank 1 and a first gear ring 602b fixed inside the annular water storage tank 1; a plurality of planetary gears 602c are provided between the sun gear ring 602a and the first gear ring 602b; a stirring rod 602f is provided at the bottom edge of the planetary gear 602c; a first gear 602d meshing with the sun gear ring 602a is provided on the side; a first motor 602e for driving the rotation of the first gear 602d is provided above the first gear 602d; a conveying pipe 602g is provided through the center of one of the planetary gears 602c; a conveying auger 602h is fixed inside the conveying pipe 602g; the conveying auger 602h is inserted into the discharge pipe 601b; and the circular tube of the discharge pipe 601b is movably inserted into the conveying pipe 602g.

[0044] In use, the processor module inside the column 3 controls the rotation of the first motor 602e, which drives the first gear 602d to rotate. The first gear 602d drives the sun gear ring 602a to rotate, and the sun gear ring 602a drives multiple planetary gears 602c to revolve and rotate on their own axis. During the revolution, the planetary gears 602c drive the feed pipe 601b to rotate along the axis of the annular water storage tank 1. The feed pipe 601b drives the flame retardant storage tank 601a to rotate, and drives the annular plate 601c to rotate along the annular stepped groove 106. During the rotation, the planetary gears 602c drive the conveying auger 602h to rotate. The conveying auger 602h gradually transports the flame retardant in the flame retardant storage tank 601a into the annular water storage tank 1. At the same time, the planetary gears 602c drive the stirring rod 602f to mix the flame retardant with the water evenly. The flame retardant can be ammonium phosphate or other flame retardants.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 7As shown, the column 3 is also equipped with a guide assembly 7 for providing escape route indication. The guide assembly 7 includes a guide plate 701 and a second motor 702 for driving the guide plate 701 to rotate. A second gear ring 703 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the second motor 702. The second gear ring 703 is fitted into a groove on the surface of the column 3. A second gear 704 meshes with the inner side of the second gear ring 703. A third motor 705 is provided at the bottom of the second gear 704 for driving its rotation. In use, the processor module inside the column 3 controls the rotation of the second motor 702 to adjust the vertical guide plate 701 to a horizontal state. Then, the third motor 705 is controlled to rotate. The third motor 705 drives the second gear 704 to rotate. The second gear 704 drives the second gear ring 703 to rotate. The second gear ring 703 drives the second motor 702 and the guide plate 701 to rotate along the column 3, adjusting the guide plate 701 to the required position to provide escape route indication for trapped personnel.

[0046] like Figure 3 , Figure 8 As shown, the lower surface of column 3 is also equipped with an emergency supplies storage chamber 304 and an emergency button 305. The emergency button 305 is used to activate the rescue component 8. The rescue component 8 includes a colored smoke storage cylinder 801 and a fan 802 located at the top of the colored smoke storage cylinder 801. The outlet end of the fan 802 is equipped with an exhaust pipe 803, which extends into the spray hole 303. In use, trapped personnel can take emergency supplies such as mineral water, high-energy food, and convenience food from the emergency supplies storage chamber 304. The fan 802 can be activated by pressing the emergency button 305 to slowly draw out the colored smoke from the colored smoke storage cylinder 801 and spray it out in all directions through the spray hole 303. The colored smoke can form a clear marker in the sky above the forest, making it easier for rescuers to quickly locate the trapped personnel and improving rescue efficiency.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] Based on Example 1, in order to address the problem that existing forest monitoring drones have insufficient battery life, requiring frequent take-offs and landings to replenish power, which significantly affects operational efficiency, such as... Figure 1 , Figures 9-11As shown, it also includes a parking platform assembly 9 located at the top of the column 3 for temporarily parking and swapping batteries for drones; the parking platform assembly 9 includes four display panels 901 evenly distributed along the circumference and a first drive mechanism 902 for driving the display panels 901 to unfold or retract. One end of the display panel 901 is hinged to the column 3. The first drive mechanism 902 includes a third gear 902a and a fourth motor 902b for driving the third gear 902a to rotate. A rack 902c is provided on the side of the third gear 902a and meshes with it. A fourth gear 902d is provided above the rack 902c and meshes with it. The fourth gear 902d is fixedly sleeved on the hinge shaft of the display panel 901. In use, the fourth motor 902b drives the third gear 902a to rotate, the third gear 902a drives the rack 902c to move, the rack 902c drives the fourth gear 902d to rotate, and the fourth gear 902d drives the display panel 901 to rotate, thereby unfolding the four display panels 901 at the same time for the drone to be temporarily parked and have its battery replaced.

[0049] The parking platform assembly 9 also includes a positioning block 903 slidably mounted on the top of the display panel 901 and a second drive mechanism 904 for pulling multiple positioning blocks 903 together; the positioning block 903 is used to push the UAV to orient itself for battery swapping, and a return spring is provided on one side of the positioning block 903; the second drive mechanism 904 includes a winding wheel 904a and a fifth motor 904b for driving the winding wheel 904a to rotate, and a pull rope 904c is wound on the winding wheel 904a, and the pull rope 904c is fixedly connected to the positioning block 903. In use, the fifth motor 904b drives the winding wheel 904a to rotate, and the winding wheel 904a winds the pull rope 904c onto it. The pull rope 904c pulls the positioning block 903 to slide, and the positioning block 903 pushes the drone's landing gear to align its position for battery replacement. When a fire occurs, the drone can fly to the device to land and replace the battery, and then take off again to perform firefighting, reconnaissance and other tasks, which greatly improves the drone's operational efficiency and endurance.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] This invention also provides a forest climate monitoring method based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1. Capture high-resolution images of forest areas using high-resolution remote sensing satellites, including information on vegetation cover, topography, and water distribution;

[0053] S2. The ground receiving station receives high-resolution images and monitors forest climate changes in real time based on the forest climate monitoring model. If there are no abnormal changes, the station controls the fixed-point monitoring devices to perform normal operation. When abnormal changes occur, the ground receiving station controls the operation of the fixed-point monitoring devices in the abnormal area to further collect ground climate data. Specifically, it controls the lifting mechanism 4 to drive the column 3 to rise, and collects underground and above-ground environmental data through the underground monitoring module 2 and the above-ground monitoring module 5. The ground receiving station receives the environmental data from the fixed-point monitoring devices and controls the fixed-point monitoring devices in the corresponding area to perform abnormal operation based on the high-resolution images and environmental data.

[0054] Routine operation includes regular irrigation of the surrounding plants; non-routine operation includes:

[0055] Flame retardant is added into the annular water tank 1 by flame retardant addition component 6 and sprayed out in all directions to prevent the spread of fire.

[0056] By adjusting the orientation of the guide component 7, an escape route indication can be provided;

[0057] By deploying the parking platform component 9, the drone can be temporarily parked and its battery swapped;

[0058] By activating distress component 8, colored smoke is sprayed to send out a distress signal.

[0059] The above-described embodiments are merely one implementation of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-resolution remote sensing satellite based forest climate monitoring system comprising a high-resolution remote sensing satellite for capturing high-resolution imagery of a forest region and a ground receiving station, characterized in that: It also includes multiple fixed-point monitoring devices buried in various areas of the forest, used to collect environmental and climate data of the fixed-point areas of the forest. The high-resolution remote sensing satellite and the fixed-point monitoring devices are wirelessly connected to the ground receiving station, which is used to process and analyze the remote sensing data and the collected data. The fixed-point monitoring device includes an annular water tank (1), an underground monitoring module (2) located on the surface of the annular water tank (1) for collecting forest underground environmental data, a column (3) located at the center of the annular water tank (1), a lifting mechanism (4) located on the side of the column (3), an above-ground monitoring module (5) located on the column (3) for collecting above-ground environmental data, and a processor module, a storage module, a GPS module, a wireless communication module, and a distress component (8) located inside the column (3). The top surface of the column (3) is also provided with a water spray hole (302) for spraying liquid in the annular water storage cylinder (1) and a spray hole (303) for spraying colored smoke for distress. The top of the annular water storage tank (1) is provided with a flame retardant adding component (6). The column (3) is also provided with a guide component (7) for providing escape route indication; The flame retardant addition component (6) includes a flame retardant feeding unit (601), which includes a flame retardant storage tank (601a) and a feeding pipe (601b) located at the bottom of the flame retardant storage tank (601a). The upper part of the feeding pipe (601b) is a square pipe and the lower part is a round pipe. An annular plate (601c) is fixed on the square pipe. The top of the annular water storage cylinder (1) is provided with an annular stepped groove (106) that slides with the annular plate (601c) and the square pipe respectively. The flame retardant addition component (6) also includes a stirring unit (602), which includes a solar gear ring (602a) rotatably fitted inside the annular water storage tank (1) and a first gear ring (602b) fixed inside the annular water storage tank (1). A plurality of planetary gears (602c) are provided between the sun gear ring (602a) and the first gear ring (602b). A stirring rod (602f) is provided at the bottom edge of the planetary gear (602c). A first gear (602d) is provided on the side of the sun gear ring (602a) to mesh with it. A first motor (602e) for driving its rotation is provided above the first gear (602d). A feed pipe (602g) is provided through the center of one of the planetary gears (602c). A feed auger (602h) is fixedly installed inside the feed pipe (602g). The feed auger (602h) is inserted into the discharge pipe (601b), and the circular tube of the discharge pipe (601b) is movably inserted into the feed pipe (602g).

2. The forest climate monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular water storage tank (1) is provided with a water inlet tank (101) on the side, and a water inlet mesh plate (102) for collecting rainwater is provided on the top of the water inlet tank (101). A filter element (103) is provided inside the water inlet tank (101). The top of the annular water storage cylinder (1) is equipped with a water pump (104), the outlet end of the water pump (104) is equipped with a water outlet pipe (105), and the bottom surface of the column (3) is equipped with a water inlet hole (301) that magnetically engages with the water outlet pipe (105). The top of the annular water tank (1) is also provided with a protective box (107), the top of the protective box (107) is provided with a solar panel (108), the top of the column (3) is provided with a battery storage cavity (306) for storing rechargeable batteries, the side of the battery storage cavity (306) is provided with a metal plate (307), and the inside of the protective box (107) is provided with another metal part for cooperating with the metal plate (307) to charge the rechargeable battery using the solar panel (108).

3. The forest climate monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the column (3) is also provided with an emergency material storage cavity (304) and an emergency button (305), the emergency button (305) being used to activate the distress component (8).

4. The forest climate monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide assembly (7) includes a guide plate (701) and a second motor (702) for driving the guide plate (701) to rotate. The bottom of the second motor (702) is fixedly provided with a second gear ring (703). The second gear ring (703) is sleeved in the surface groove of the column (3). The inner side of the second gear ring (703) is provided with a second gear (704) that meshes with it. The bottom of the second gear (704) is provided with a third motor (705) for driving it to rotate.

5. The forest climate monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distress component (8) includes a colored smoke reservoir (801) and a fan (802) located on top of the colored smoke reservoir (801). The fan (802) has an exhaust pipe (803) at its outlet end, which extends into the spray hole (303).

6. The forest climate monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a parking platform component (9) located at the top of the column (3) for temporarily parking the drone and swapping its battery. The parking platform assembly (9) includes four display panels (901) evenly distributed along the circumference and a first drive mechanism (902) for driving the display panels (901) to unfold or retract. One end of the display panel (901) is hinged to the column (3). The first drive mechanism (902) includes a third gear (902a) and a fourth motor (902b) for driving the third gear (902a) to rotate. A rack (902c) is provided on the side of the third gear (902a) and meshes with it. A fourth gear (902d) is provided above the rack (902c) and meshes with it. The fourth gear (902d) is fixedly sleeved on the hinge shaft of the display panel (901).

7. A forest climate monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites according to claim 6, characterized in that: The parking platform assembly (9) also includes a positioning block (903) slidably disposed on the top of the display panel (901) and a second drive mechanism (904) for pulling multiple positioning blocks (903) together. The positioning block (903) is used to push the UAV to orient itself for battery swapping. The second drive mechanism (904) includes a winding wheel (904a) and a fifth motor (904b) for driving the winding wheel (904a) to rotate. A pull rope (904c) is wound on the winding wheel (904a) and the pull rope (904c) is fixedly connected to the positioning block (903).

8. A forest climate monitoring method based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites, using a forest climate monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing satellites according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Capture high-resolution images of forest areas using high-resolution remote sensing satellites; S2. The ground receiving station receives the high-resolution image and monitors the changes in forest climate in real time based on the forest climate monitoring model. If there are no abnormal changes, the station controls the fixed-point monitoring device to perform normal operation. When abnormal changes occur, the ground receiving station controls the fixed-point monitoring device in the abnormal area to further collect ground climate data. Specifically, the station controls the lifting mechanism (4) to drive the column (3) to rise and collects underground and above-ground environmental data through the underground monitoring module (2) and the above-ground monitoring module (5). The ground receiving station receives the environmental data of the fixed-point monitoring device and controls the fixed-point monitoring device in the corresponding area to perform abnormal operation based on the high-resolution image and environmental data. The normal operation includes regularly irrigating the surrounding plants; the abnormal operation includes adding flame retardant into the annular water tank (1) through the flame retardant adding component (6) and spraying it outwards to prevent the spread of fire; providing escape route indication by adjusting the orientation of the guiding component (7); and spraying colored smoke to send out a distress signal by activating the distress component (8).

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