Underwater penetration icebreaking simulation test device and underwater penetration icebreaking test method

Abstract

The invention provides an underwater penetration icebreaking simulation test device and an underwater penetration icebreaking test method, and belongs to the technical field of icebreaking. Comprising a water tank, a launcher and a sabot. The top of the water tank is open, the bottom of the water tank is provided with an entrance port, and the launching device is arranged at the bottom of the water tank and comprises a base, a launching support and a primary gas gun. The first-stage gas gun comprises a filling gas chamber and a launching tube, one end of the launching tube is connected with the filling gas chamber, a filling port and a gas inlet are formed in the filling gas chamber, the launching tube is connected to the base through a launching support so as to have a first working position facing the incident port, and a shunting exhaust port is formed in the side wall close to the other end of the launching tube; the other end of the launching tube is provided with a chamber outlet, and the inner diameter of the chamber outlet is smaller than that of the launching tube. The outer diameter of the sabot is smaller than the inner diameter of the launching tube and larger than the inner diameter of the chamber outlet. Underwater launching penetration icebreaking can be effectively simulated, and the technical problem of accuracy of a simulation test caused by the design of existing test equipment is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of icebreaking, and particularly relates to an underwater penetration icebreaking simulation test device and an underwater penetration icebreaking test method. Background Art

[0002] During the current polar exploration process, polar icebreaking is very important for polar exploration operations. The main threat factors for the polar navigation and surfacing of underwater vehicles include ice specimens, near-surface and thick ice layers, etc. However, due to the perennial freezing effect, polar ice layers are not easily broken, and active icebreaking is required.

[0003] In the related art, the mainstream icebreaking method for underwater vehicles still relies on the hull strength for icebreaking. This icebreaking method will generate large vibrations, which may damage the parts, personnel, and supplies inside the vehicle, and there may also be insufficient structural strength of the underwater vehicle itself, resulting in structural damage or low icebreaking efficiency. Therefore, the method of icebreaking by launching a projectile underwater has become an important research direction. In the existing penetration icebreaking tests, usually the water surface penetration icebreaking into the water impact icebreaking test is adopted. However, the hydrodynamic characteristics of launching a projectile from the water surface to penetrate and break ice into the water are quite different from those of launching a projectile underwater to penetrate and break ice out of the water, and it is impossible to effectively simulate the situation of an underwater vehicle launching a projectile to break ice. Using the pneumatic method to launch a projectile from the bottom of the ice layer, when the projectile enters the water, part of the compressed gas serving as the power source will inevitably enter the water body, causing deviation of the underwater ballistic trajectory, affecting the final icebreaking effect and the high-speed photography shooting effect, and reducing the accuracy of the experimental results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present invention provide an underwater penetration icebreaking simulation test device and an underwater penetration icebreaking test method, which can effectively simulate underwater launch penetration icebreaking and solve the technical problem of the accuracy of the simulation test caused by the design of the existing test equipment. The technical solutions are as follows: In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present invention provide an underwater penetration icebreaking simulation test device, including: A water tank, the top of the water tank is open, and an incident port is provided at the bottom of the water tank; A launching device, arranged at the bottom of the water tank, including a base, a launching bracket, and a first-stage gas gun. The first-stage gas gun includes a loading gas chamber and a launching tube. One end of the launching tube is connected to the loading gas chamber. A loading port coaxial with the launching tube and an air inlet for connecting to an external gas source are provided on the loading gas chamber. The launching tube is connected to the base through the launching bracket to have a first working position arranged towards the incident port. A shunt exhaust port is provided on the side wall near the other end of the launching tube, and the other end of the launching tube is provided with a muzzle. The inner diameter at the muzzle is smaller than the inner diameter of the launching tube; A sabot, the sabot is cylindrical and closed at one end, and the outer diameter of the sabot is smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube and larger than the inner diameter of the muzzle.

[0005] Optionally, a plurality of the shunt exhaust ports are arranged at equal angular intervals around the circumference of the launch tube. Optionally, the inner hole of the sabot includes a first section near the opening side and a second section away from the opening side, and the inner diameter of the first section is larger than the inner diameter of the second section. Optionally, sealing ring holes are provided on the outer side walls at both ends of the sabot in the axial direction, and sealing rings are sleeved in the sealing ring holes. Optionally, it further includes a sabot separator, the sabot separator is cylindrical and sleeved on the other end of the launch tube, a bullet extraction cylinder coaxially clamped into the muzzle is provided at one end of the sabot separator close to the muzzle, a blocking end surface matching the sabot is provided at one end of the bullet extraction cylinder extending into the launch tube, and the other end of the sabot separator is fixedly connected to the side wall of the launch tube through an elastic member.

[0006] Optionally, the base includes a bottom plate and side plate brackets arranged on the bottom plate, the side plate brackets are formed by surrounding and connecting a plurality of side plates vertically connected to the bottom plate, the launch bracket is arranged on the top of the side plate brackets and includes a bearing seat and a steering connecting member rotatably connected to the bearing seat, the middle part of the launch tube is connected to the steering connecting member, and the steering connecting member is configured to rotate relative to the bearing seat so that the launch tube rotates between a second working position parallel to the bottom plate and the first working position. Optionally, it further includes a limiting mechanism, the limiting mechanism includes a first ejector screw and a second ejector screw, in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the steering connecting member, the first ejector screw horizontally penetrates through the side plate, the second ejector screw is arranged at an interval opposite to the first ejector screw and is connected to the bottom plate, and an I-shaped support arm is connected to the end of the second ejector screw.

[0007] Optionally, the external gas source includes a charging and discharging chamber and a plurality of gas cylinders, the plurality of gas cylinders are connected in parallel to the inlet end of the charging and discharging chamber, the outlet end of the charging and discharging chamber is connected to the air inlet, and an air release port and a pressure gauge are provided on the charging and discharging chamber. Optionally, an electric control switch valve is provided at the incident port. In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an underwater penetration and ice-breaking test method, which is realized based on the underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device described in the first aspect, and includes: Step 1, arrange the water tank, inject water and ice specimens into the water tank to simulate the scenario of floating ice on the water surface; Step 2: Load the projectile to be launched into the sabot from the open end of the sabot, load the projectile together with the sabot into the launch tube through the loading port, and seal the loading port. Step 3: Adjust the relative position of the launch tube to coaxially align the muzzle with the inlet on the bottom of the water tank. Step 4: Control the external air source to fill the loading air chamber with instantaneous high-pressure gas to propel the sabot together with the projectile towards the muzzle. Use the muzzle to limit the sabot, so that the projectile alone is shot into the water tank through the inlet. Use the shunt exhaust port to shunt and exhaust the high-pressure gas flow, and observe and collect data on the trajectory of the projectile in the water tank and the process of the projectile penetrating and breaking ice. The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention at least include: Using the underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the test equipment for the water penetration and ice-breaking test is optimized. The launch device for launching the projectile and the water tank for simulating the polar water environment are arranged in a split layout in the upper and lower layers. It supports the launch tube as a gun barrel through the base and the launch bracket and provides attitude adjustment, so that after loading the projectile, the launch tube is set vertically at the first working position below the water tank, and its muzzle is coaxially aligned with the upper inlet. During the loading process, the projectile and a special sabot are loaded together, and the inner diameter of the launch tube near the muzzle is differentially processed in cooperation with the sabot, and a shunt exhaust port is arranged on the side wall. After using the loading air chamber to connect the external air source to provide pneumatic pressure and launching the projectile from the muzzle, the sabot will stay in the launch tube under the limitation of the inner diameter change at the muzzle, block the gap at the muzzle, and make the compressed gas flow out laterally through the shunt exhaust port, avoiding entering the water tank from the inlet and disturbing the water flow and the trajectory of the projectile, and being able to simulate the process of underwater penetration and ice-breaking, and solving the technical problem of the accuracy of the simulation test caused by the design of the test equipment. Description of the Drawings

[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0009] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a top-view structural schematic diagram of the water tank provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the first-stage gas gun provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the sabot separator provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the structure of the sabot separator provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the sabot provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the sabot provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base and the launch support provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure on the other side of the base provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 It is a flowchart of the underwater penetration and ice-breaking test method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] In the figure: 1 - water tank; 2 - launch device; 3 - sabot; 3a - through groove; 4 - sabot separator; 5 - first ejector screw; 6 - second ejector screw; 7 - charging and discharging chamber; 8 - gas cylinder; 11 - incident port; 21 - base; 22 - launch support; 23 - first-stage gas gun; 31 - first paragraph; 32 - second paragraph; 33 - sealing ring hole; 34 - sealing ring; 41 - cartridge extractor; 42 - clamping block; 61 - I-shaped support arm; 71 - air release port; 111 - electrically controlled switch valve; 211 - bottom plate; 212 - side plate support; 221 - bearing seat; 222 - steering connector; 231 - loading chamber; 232 - launch tube; 411 - blocking end face; 2121 - side plate; 2122 - support rod; 2311 - loading port; 2312 - air inlet; 2321 - shunt exhaust port; 2322 - muzzle; m - test support; m1 - support plate; n - projectile. Detailed implementation manners To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0011] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of an underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a top view structure diagram of the water tank provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the first-stage gas gun provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the sabot separator provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of a partial structure of the sabot separator provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the sabot provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the sabot provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structure diagram of the base and the launch support provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 It is a structure diagram of the other side of the base provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a structure diagram of the limiting mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figures 1 to 10 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device, including a water tank 1, a launch device 2, and a sabot 3.

[0012] Among them, the top of the water tank 1 is open, and an incident port 11 is provided at the bottom of the water tank 1.

[0013] The launch device 2 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 1 and includes a base 21, a launch support 22, and a first-stage gas gun 23. The first-stage gas gun 23 includes a loading gas chamber 231 and a launch tube 232 with the main body materials of 304 stainless steel and 6061-T5. One end of the launch tube 232 is connected to the loading gas chamber 231. A loading port 2311 coaxial with the launch tube 232 and an air inlet 2312 for connecting to an external gas source are provided on the loading gas chamber 231. The launch tube 232 is connected to the base 21 through the launch support 22 to have a first working position arranged towards the incident port 11. A shunt exhaust port 2321 is provided on the side wall near the other end of the launch tube 232, and the other end of the launch tube 232 is provided with a muzzle 2322, and the inner diameter at the muzzle 2322 is smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube 232.

[0014] The sabot 3 is cylindrical and one end is closed. The outer diameter of the sabot 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube 232 and larger than the inner diameter of the muzzle 2322. In an embodiment of the present invention, this underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device needs to cooperate with a space with a height difference in the laboratory, or be erected as Figure 1The test support m shown in the figure is installed and used. Among them, the water tank 1 is integrally arranged on the support plate m1 suspended on the test support m. The whole is made of transparent glass material, which is convenient for observing the internal projectile trajectory and the projectile penetration and ice-breaking process and collecting data from the outside after the projectile n enters. When conducting the underwater ice-breaking simulation test, after setting up the water tank 1, water is injected through the top opening to a predetermined depth, and ice specimens are set on the surface to simulate the floating ice scenario on the water surface. The inlet 11 at the bottom of the water tank 1 is pre-sealed to prevent the leakage of ice water. In this embodiment, the inlet 11 is arranged directly below the water tank 1, and an electric control switch valve 111 is arranged at the opening corresponding to the inlet 11 on the support plate m1. It can be instantaneously opened and closed through external control for the subsequent projectile n to shoot in, and quickly closed after shooting to reduce the leakage of ice water inside the water tank 1. Then, the launching device 2 below is adjusted. The whole is fixedly installed below the support plate m1 through the base 21. When loading the projectile, the projectile to be launched is loaded into the projectile carrier 3 from the open end of the projectile carrier 3. In the embodiment of the present invention, the projectile carrier is made of polycarbonate plastic material, which is used as a limit guide for the projectile n to move in the launch tube 232 during loading and launching, ensuring its smooth and accurate movement and launch, and at the same time avoiding rubbing and bumping with the inner wall of the launch tube 232, and improving the overall service life of the test device. Then, the projectile n together with the projectile carrier 3 is loaded into the launch tube 232 from the loading port 2311, and the loading port 2311 is sealed to complete the loading. After loading, the launch tube 232 is connected and supported by the launch support 22. By adjusting the attitude of the launch support, the relative position of the launch tube 232 is adjusted to erect the launch tube 232 in a vertically upward posture directly below the support plate m1. At this time, the muzzle 2322 at the other end of the launch tube 232 faces the inlet 11 from below, that is, it is coaxially aligned with the inlet 11. At this time, the launch tube 232 is in the first working position. Then, control the external gas source to fill the charging chamber 231 with instantaneously high-pressure gas to push the projectile carrier 3 together with the projectile n towards the muzzle 2322. By arranging the structure of the muzzle 2322 differently from the launch tube 232, the inner diameter at the muzzle 2322 is smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube 232, and the outer diameter of the projectile carrier 3 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube 232 and larger than the inner diameter of the muzzle 2322. After the projectile n and the projectile carrier 3 reach the position of the muzzle 2322, the inner wall of the muzzle 2322 is used to limit the projectile carrier 3, the projectile carrier is stuck and left at the muzzle 2322, and the projectile n alone is shot into the water tank 1 from the inlet 11. At this time, the projectile trajectory and the projectile penetration and ice-breaking process in the water tank 1 can be observed and data can be collected.Before the projectile n enters the water tank 1, it separates from the launch tube 232. The compressed gas accompanying its launch and ejection process is laterally diverted and exhausted through the diversion exhaust ports 2321 provided on the side wall near the other end of the launch tube 232. Moreover, the compressed gas that may exist at the ejection port 2322 will be blocked by the stationary sabot 3. There is also a certain gap between the ejection port 2322 and the inlet 11 of the upper water tank 1 above. The compressed gas that may overflow from the ejection port 2322 following the projectile n will also dissipate before entering the inlet 11, further avoiding affecting subsequent tests.

[0015] Using the underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the structure of the test equipment for the water penetration and icebreaking test is optimized. The launch device 2 for launching the projectile n and the water tank 1 for simulating the polar water environment are arranged in a split layout in the upper and lower layers. It supports the launch tube 232 as a gun barrel and provides attitude adjustment through the base 21 and the launch bracket 22, so that after loading the projectile, the launch tube 232 is set in a vertical first working position below the water tank 1, and its ejection port 2322 is coaxially aligned with the upper inlet 11. During the loading process, the projectile n and the special sabot 3 are loaded together, and the inner diameter of the side of the launch tube 232 near the ejection port 2322 is differentially processed in cooperation with the sabot 3, and diversion exhaust ports 2321 are provided on the side wall. After using the loading air chamber 231 to connect to an external air source to provide pneumatic pressure and launching the projectile n from the ejection port 2322, the sabot 3 will stay in the launch tube 232 under the restriction of the inner diameter change at the ejection port 2322, block the gap at the ejection port 2322, and enable the compressed gas to be laterally diverted and exhausted through the diversion exhaust ports 2321, avoiding entering the water tank 1 from the inlet 11 and disturbing the water flow and the trajectory of the projectile n, and being able to simulate the process of underwater penetration and icebreaking, solving the technical problem of the accuracy of the simulation test caused by the design of the test equipment.

[0016] Exemplarily, in the embodiments of the present invention, there is a gap between the ejection port 2322 of the launch tube 232, the lower inlet 11 of the water tank 1, and the opening of the electric control switch valve 111. This gap is set to be smaller than the length of the projectile n. While reducing the interference of the compressed gas, it ensures that the ejected projectile n can stably enter the water tank 1 from the inlet 11.

[0017] Optionally, a plurality of diversion exhaust ports 2321 are provided at equal angular intervals around the circumference of the launch tube 232. Exemplarily, in the embodiments of the present invention, two diversion exhaust ports 2321 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of the launch tube 232, enabling the compressed gas that needs to be discharged to be evenly diverted and exhausted from both sides, reducing the influence of the air flow on the position of the ejection port 2322 of the launch tube 232, reducing vibration, and ensuring the launch accuracy of the projectile n.

[0018] Optionally, the inner hole of the sabot 3 includes a first section 31 near the opening side and a second section 32 away from the opening side, and the inner diameter of the first section 31 is greater than that of the second section 32. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first section 31 with a larger inner diameter and the second section 32 with a smaller inner diameter are arranged in layers inside the sabot 3. The inner diameter of the first section 31 matches the outer diameter of the projectile n. After the projectile n is loaded and abuts against the stepped structure formed at the connection of the first section 31 and the second section 32, the installation is in place. This design of only using part of the section to make installation contact with the projectile n ensures the stable installation of the sabot 3 at the bottom of the projectile n, realizes the functions of guiding, separating during the launch process, and blocking the muzzle 2322. At the same time, the hollow design of the second section 32, combined with the concave section design on the outer wall of the sabot 3, further reduces the overall mass of the sabot 3 and reduces the power requirement for launch. At the same time, the overall contact length between the projectile n and the sabot 3 is reduced, and the separation time between the sabot 3 and the projectile n is reduced.

[0019] Furthermore, on the basis of the above-mentioned sabot 3 structure design, a radially arranged through groove 3a can be opened from the opening of the first section 31 of the sabot 3 from top to bottom to further reduce the overall mass of the sabot 3. At the same time, when cooperating with the projectile n for installation, the through groove 3a structure can also allow the plastic sabot 3 to undergo a certain amount of expansion deformation to facilitate the loading of the projectile n.

[0020] Optionally, sealing ring holes 33 are provided on the outer side walls at both ends of the sabot 3 in the axial direction, and sealing rings 34 are sleeved in the sealing ring holes 33. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, sealing rings 34 are nested through the sealing ring holes 33 at both ends of the sabot 3 in the axial direction to block the possible gaps between the sabot 3 and the inner wall of the launch tube 232, avoiding the leakage of compressed gas from the gap at the muzzle 2322 during the muzzle exit process of the projectile n, but instead being laterally diverted and exhausted through the diversion exhaust port 2321. Optionally, it further includes a sabot separator 4. The sabot separator 4 is cylindrical and sleeved on the other end of the launch tube 232. At one end of the sabot separator 4 close to the muzzle 2322, there is a cartridge extractor tube 41 coaxially snapped into the muzzle 2322. At one end of the cartridge extractor tube 41 extending into the launch tube 232, there is a blocking end face 411 matching the sabot 3. The other end of the sabot separator 4 is connected to the side wall of the launch tube 232 through an elastic member. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, by installing an external sabot separator 4 structure at the muzzle 2322 of the launch tube 232, using the cartridge extractor tube 41 structure assembled at the muzzle 2322 as the final ejection position of the projectile n, using the cartridge extractor tube 41 matching the muzzle 2322 to form a distinction between the inner diameters of the muzzle 2322 and the launch tube 232, and using the blocking end face 411 to block the sabot 3 and keep it in the launch tube 232, there is no need to perform special profiling treatment on the other end of the launch tube 232 and the inside of the muzzle 2322 for the above structure, which is convenient for processing. At the same time, the whole sabot separator 4 is detachably connected to the other end of the launch tube 232, and the cartridge extractor tube 41 structure can be replaced according to the caliber of the projectile n to be launched to adapt to different test requirements and improve the adaptability flexibility. Further, a clamping block 42 fixed on the side wall of the launch tube 232 can be provided at the other end of the sabot separator 4. The clamping block 42 and the other end of the sabot separator 4 can be arranged at a certain distance, and a spring is sleeved on the section of the launch tube 232 between the two to achieve buffering and load dissipation by the spring when the sabot separator 4 and the cartridge extractor tube 41 are subjected to internal gas and the impact load when the projectile n is launched, reduce the loss of the sabot separator 4, and further improve the test stability.

[0021] Optionally, the base 21 includes a bottom plate 211 and side plate brackets 212 disposed on the bottom plate 211. The side plate brackets 212 are formed by connecting a plurality of side plates 2121 vertically connected to the bottom plate 211. The launch bracket 22 is disposed on the top of the side plate brackets 212 and includes a bearing seat 221 and a steering connecting member 222 rotatably connected to the bearing seat 221. The middle part of the launch tube 232 is connected to the steering connecting member 222. The steering connecting member 222 is configured to rotate relative to the bearing seat 221 so that the launch tube 232 rotates between a second working position parallel to the bottom plate 211 and a first working position. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, the base 21 is fixedly installed on the ground through bolt connection holes arranged on the upper edge of the bottom plate 211, and three vertically connected side plates 2121 are distributed thereon to form a rectangular side plate bracket 212 structure with openings provided at the top and one side. The overall length, width, and height dimensions are 680 mm × 640 mm × 540 mm. For the launch tube 232 in the first working position, the parts connecting the loading air chamber 231 and the external air source are all arranged inside the side plate brackets 212 made of 45# medium carbon steel, providing a certain explosion-proof blocking ability during air supply and launch. At the same time, bearing seats 221 are correspondingly arranged at the tops of the opposite side plates 2121. A square steering connecting member 222 is rotatably connected in the middle of the two bearing seats 221. The launch tube 232 passes through the steering connecting member 222, and a corresponding connecting structure is provided in the middle section to be fixedly connected to the steering connecting member 222 to achieve the ability to rotate relative to the base 21. When loading ammunition is required, the entire launch tube 232 can be rotated relative to the side plate brackets 212 from the first working position where it is vertically arranged, and its loading air chamber 231 is rotated out from the side opening of the side plate brackets 212 to reach the second working position parallel to the bottom plate 211. At this time, the launch tube 232 is arranged horizontally as a whole. At this time, the support rod 2122 spanned and installed at the end of the side plate brackets 212 can be removed and supported between the bottom plate 211 and the loading air chamber 231 to keep the launch tube 232 in the horizontal second working position. This facilitates the tester to open the loading port 2311 and load the projectile n and the projectile support 3 together more conveniently and labor-savingly from the horizontal direction, improving the test efficiency.

[0022] Optionally, a limiting mechanism is further included. The limiting mechanism includes a first ejector screw 5 and a second ejector screw 6. In the horizontal direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the steering connecting member 222, the first ejector screw 5 horizontally penetrates through the side plate 2121. The second ejector screw 6 is arranged at an interval opposite to the first ejector screw 5 and is connected to the bottom plate 211. An I-shaped support arm 61 is connected to the end of the second ejector screw 6. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first ejector screw 5 horizontally penetrates through the side plate 2121 opposite to the side opening of the side plate bracket 212, while the second ejector screw 6 is installed on the bottom plate 211 at the side opening of the side plate bracket 212 through a corresponding support member. By screwing the first ejector screw 5 to adjust the depth of its end extending into the side plate bracket 212, the end of the first ejector screw 5 is abutted against the end face of the loading air chamber 231 close to the side plate 2121. On the other side of the loading air chamber 231, it is abutted by the second ejector screw 6 to achieve two-way limiting and fixing, fixing the launch tube 232 at the first working position and ensuring the stability of the test. Further, by arranging an I-shaped support arm 61 that can rotate relatively at the end of the second ejector screw 6, through adaptive rotation, the two swing arm structures are used to make multi-point contact with the irregular end face or parts such as a flange on the other side of the loading air chamber 231, improving the support and limiting stability.

[0023] Optionally, the external air source includes a charging and discharging air chamber 7 and a plurality of gas cylinders 8. The plurality of gas cylinders 8 are connected in parallel to the inlet end of the charging and discharging air chamber 7. The outlet end of the charging and discharging air chamber 7 is connected to the air inlet 2312. A gas release port 71 and a pressure gauge 72 are arranged on the charging and discharging air chamber 7. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, the air supply of the external air source is mainly provided by a plurality of replaceable gas cylinders 8. A piston-type charging and discharging air chamber 7 is used to dock with the air inlet 2312 of the loading air chamber 231, with a simple structure and convenient installation. The volume of the charging and discharging air chamber 7 is greater than or equal to 3L, and 7 aluminum gas cylinders 8 with a volume of 0.45L are arranged in parallel above it. The maximum air pressure they jointly provide can reach 30 MPa. In the embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the launch tube 232 is 20 mm, the outer diameter is 40 mm, and the acceleration section length for the projectile n is 1380 mm. Matching with the above external air source, it can accelerate a projectile with a size of Ø10 mm×100 mm and achieve a water outlet speed of about 100 m / s.

[0024] Figure 11 is a flowchart of the underwater penetration and ice-breaking test method provided by the embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 11 shown, the embodiment of the present invention also provides an underwater penetration and ice-breaking test method, which is implemented based on the ballast track maintenance test device as Figures 1 to 10 shown, and includes: S1, arranging a water tank 1, and injecting water and ice specimens into the water tank 1 to simulate the scenario of floating ice on the water surface.

[0025] S2. Load the projectile to be launched into the sabot 3 from the open end of the sabot 3, load the projectile together with the sabot 3 into the launch tube 232 through the loading port 2311, and seal the loading port 2311.

[0026] S3. Adjust the relative position of the launch tube 232 so that the muzzle 2322 is coaxially aligned with the inlet 11 at the bottom of the water tank 1.

[0027] S4. Control the external gas source to fill the loading gas chamber 231 with instantaneous high-pressure gas to push the sabot 3 together with the projectile towards the muzzle 2322, use the muzzle 2322 to limit the sabot 3, so that the projectile enters the water tank 1 alone through the inlet 11, and use the shunt exhaust port 2321 to shunt and exhaust the high-pressure gas flow, and observe and collect data on the trajectory of the projectile and the process of the projectile penetrating and breaking ice in the water tank 1.

[0028] Adopt the underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and cooperate with the above-mentioned underwater penetration and ice-breaking test method to conduct penetration and ice-breaking tests. It optimizes the structure of the test equipment for the water penetration and ice-breaking test, and arranges the launch device 2 for launching the projectile n and the water tank 1 for simulating the polar water environment in a split layout of upper and lower layers. It supports and provides attitude adjustment for the launch tube 232 as the gun barrel through the base 21 and the launch bracket 22, so that after loading the projectile, the launch tube 232 can be set in a vertical first working position below the water tank 1, and its muzzle 2322 is coaxially aligned with the upper inlet 11. During the loading process, the projectile n and the special sabot 3 are loaded together, and the inner diameter of the launch tube 232 near the muzzle 2322 is differentially processed in cooperation with the sabot 3, and a shunt exhaust port 2321 is provided on the side wall. After using the loading gas chamber 231 to connect the external gas source to provide pneumatic pressure and launching the projectile n from the muzzle 2322, the sabot 3 will stay in the launch tube 232 under the restriction of the inner diameter change at the muzzle 2322, block the gap at the muzzle 2322, so that the compressed gas is laterally shunted and exhausted through the shunt exhaust port 2321, avoiding entering the water tank 1 through the inlet 11 and disturbing the water flow and the trajectory of the projectile n, and can simulate the process of underwater penetration and ice-breaking, and solve the technical problem of the accuracy of the simulation test caused by the design of the test equipment.

[0029] ‌ Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meanings as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first", "second" and similar terms used in the description and claims of this patent application for invention do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, terms such as "a" or "an" do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising" or "including" and similar terms mean that the elements or items appearing before "comprising" or "including" cover the elements or items listed after "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationships may also change accordingly.

[0030] The above are only optional embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device, characterized in that: include: A water tank (1), wherein the top of the water tank (1) is open and the bottom of the water tank (1) is provided with an inlet (11); The launching device (2) is arranged at the bottom of the water tank (1), and comprises a base (21), a launching bracket (22) and a first-stage gas cannon (23); the first-stage gas cannon (23) comprises a filling gas chamber (231) and a launching tube (232); one end of the launching tube (232) is connected to the filling gas chamber (231); the filling gas chamber (231) is provided with a filling port (2311) coaxial with the launching tube (232) and an inlet port (2311) for connecting to an external gas source. an air port (2312), the launch tube (232) being connected to the base (21) via the launch bracket (22) so as to have a first working position arranged toward the incident port (11), a split exhaust port (2321) being provided on a side wall close to the other end of the launch tube (232), and an exit port (2322) being provided at the other end of the launch tube (232), the inner diameter of the exit port (2322) being smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube (232); A cartridge case (3), the cartridge case (3) being cylindrical and having one end closed, the outer diameter of the cartridge case (3) being smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube (232) and larger than the inner diameter of the muzzle (2322).

2. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of the split flow exhaust ports (2321) are arranged at equal angle intervals in the circumferential direction of the launch tube (232).

3. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner hole of the elastic support (3) comprises a first section (31) close to the opening side and a second section (32) away from the opening side, and the inner diameter of the first section (31) is greater than the inner diameter of the second section (32).

4. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spring holder (3) is provided with sealing ring holes (33) on the outer side walls at both ends in the axial direction, and a sealing ring (34) is sleeved in the sealing ring hole (33).

5. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a cartridge separator (4), the cartridge separator (4) being cylindrical and sleeved on the other end of the launch tube (232), the cartridge separator (4) being close to the muzzle (2322) and being provided with a cartridge extraction cylinder (41) coaxially inserted into the muzzle (2322), the cartridge extraction cylinder (41) being provided with a blocking end surface (411) matching the cartridge separator (3) at the end extending into the launch tube (232), the other end of the cartridge separator (4) being connected to the side wall of the launch tube (232) via an elastic member.

6. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The base (21) comprises a bottom plate (211) and a side plate bracket (212) arranged on the bottom plate (211); the side plate bracket (212) is formed by surrounding and connecting a plurality of side plates (2121) vertically connected to the bottom plate (211); the launching bracket (22) is arranged on the top of the side plate bracket (212), and comprises a bearing seat (221) and a steering connector (222) rotatably connected to the bearing seat (221); the middle part of the launching tube (232) is connected to the steering connector (222); the steering connector (222) is configured to rotate relative to the bearing seat (221) so that the launching tube (232) rotates between a second working position parallel to the bottom plate (211) and the first working position.

7. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The invention also comprises a limiting mechanism, wherein the limiting mechanism comprises a first push rod screw (5) and a second push rod screw (6), wherein the first push rod screw (5) is horizontally penetrated through the side plate (2121) in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the steering connector (222), the second push rod screw (6) is arranged opposite to the first push rod screw (5) and spaced apart, and connected to the bottom plate (211), and the end of the second push rod screw (6) is connected to an I-shaped support arm (61).

8. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The external gas source comprises an air charging and discharging chamber (7) and a plurality of gas cylinders (8), wherein the plurality of gas cylinders (8) are connected in parallel to the inlet end of the air charging and discharging chamber (7), the outlet end of the air charging and discharging chamber (7) is connected to the air inlet (2312), and the air charging and discharging chamber (7) is provided with an air discharge port (71) and a pressure gauge (72).

9. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: An electrically controlled switch valve (111) is provided at the incident port (11).

10. An underwater penetration and icebreaking test method, implemented based on the underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Step 1, arranging the water tank (1), and injecting water and ice specimens into the water tank (1) to simulate a floating ice scenario on the water surface; Step 2, loading the projectile to be launched into the cartridge case (3) from the open end of the cartridge case (3), loading the projectile together with the cartridge case (3) into the launch tube (232) from the loading port (2311), and closing the loading port (2311); Step 3, adjusting the relative position of the launch tube (232) so that the exit port (2322) is coaxially aligned with the inlet port (11) at the bottom of the water tank (1); Step 4, controlling an external gas source to fill the loading air chamber (231) with instantaneous high-pressure gas, so as to push the cartridge case (3) together with the projectile toward the discharge port (2322), and using the discharge port (2322) to limit the cartridge case (3), so that the projectile is shot into the water tank (1) alone from the injection port (11), and using the diversion exhaust port (2321) to divert and discharge the high-pressure gas flow, so as to observe and collect data on the trajectory of the projectile in the water tank (1) and the process of the projectile penetrating and breaking ice.

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