In-situ microcosm experimental device and method for influence of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms

Abstract

The invention provides an in-situ microcosm experimental device and method for the influence of deep-sea mining on benthos, and the device integrates the experimental functions of deep-sea in-situ ecological simulation, deep-sea in-situ environment monitoring, deep-sea mining stress simulation, deep-sea organism collection, blank control and the like. Key technologies such as in-situ long-time-sequence self-experiment, self-sampling and self-floating independent of ROV operation are broken through, so that the threshold value which can best reflect the direct in-situ influence of deep-sea mining including plume redeposition, heavy metal ions and an intense light source on benthos and the influence of the direct in-situ influence is obtained for the first time, and environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity in a cabin are analyzed; the influence of deep-sea mining on various environmental factors is indicated, and an action mechanism of forming indirect stress on benthos by changing the environmental factors besides direct influence of deep-sea mining is determined, so that the problems of long-term monitoring, quantitative research and the like of the influence of deep-sea mining on the benthos are solved; and deep-sea mining is promoted from a pilot production stage to a mature process of commercial mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of deep - sea exploration. Specifically, it particularly relates to an in - situ microcosm experimental device and method for the impact of deep - sea mining on benthic organisms. Background Art

[0002] Deep - sea benthic organisms refer to organisms that inhabit the deep - sea substrate or seabed environment throughout their life cycle. They are the key primary groups in the deep - sea ecosystem. During deep - sea mining, the activities of seafloor ore collectors will increase the local heavy - metal concentration, trigger the re - deposition of plume flows, and generate strong light sources, which will have irreversible effects on the sensitive and fragile deep - sea ecosystem. Research shows that the increase in the concentration of heavy - metal ions in the deep - sea environment will directly poison the nervous system of benthic organisms, causing oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. The re - deposition of plume flows will bury benthic organisms and block their respiratory and filter - feeding organs, curbing the respiratory and feeding abilities of benthic organisms. Strong light sources will interfere with the photosensory system of benthic organisms and destroy the ecological function of bioluminescence. How to effectively evaluate the mechanism of action of deep - sea mining on benthic organisms has always been the research frontier for scholars and is also an important cornerstone for deep - sea mining to move from the trial - mining stage to commercial exploitation.

[0003] Although the impact of deep - sea mining on benthic organisms has been evaluated at home and abroad, there is still no scientific evidence to determine the response thresholds of in - situ benthic organisms to heavy - metal concentration, plume - flow re - deposition, and light - source intensity. On the other hand, the existing in - situ microcosm experimental devices for deep - sea mining cannot meet the long - term monitoring of the impact of deep - sea mining on benthic organisms, and there is a lack of quantitative research on the impact of deep - sea mining on benthic organisms. Therefore, constructing an in - situ microcosm experimental device for the impact of deep - sea mining on benthic organisms is an urgent need in current research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an in - situ microcosm experimental device and method for the impact of deep - sea mining on benthic organisms.

[0005] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: An in - situ microcosm experimental device for the impact of deep - sea mining on benthic organisms includes an experimental mechanism, a recovery mechanism, and a retention mechanism; The experimental mechanism includes four experimental cabins: a sediment experimental cabin, a lighting experimental cabin, a heavy - metal experimental cabin, and a blank experimental cabin, which are respectively fixed on their respective experimental - cabin brackets. On the outside of each experimental - cabin bracket, a curved - arm chute is respectively fixed. A first spring is installed on the curved - arm chute. The first spring passes through the curved - arm chute and is connected to a curved - arm link by a ring joint. A lower cover is fixed on the curved - arm link through a lower - cover support plate; Sediment experimental chamber, light experimental chamber, heavy metal experimental chamber, and blank experimental chamber are respectively provided with sediment experimental chamber upper covers, light experimental chamber upper covers, heavy metal experimental chamber upper covers, and blank experimental chamber upper covers at their tops. Stainless steel hooks are fixedly installed on the sediment experimental chamber upper cover, light experimental chamber upper cover, heavy metal experimental chamber upper cover, and blank experimental chamber upper cover. The stainless steel hooks hook the lower cover bolts fixed to the crank connecting rod. At the tops of the 4 upper covers, upper cover support plates are respectively fixedly installed. At the ends of the upper cover support plates, lead blocks are fixed through annular joints. The upper cover support plates are connected to the experimental chamber brackets through the second springs. The upper cover support plates are connected to the trigger bolts through stainless steel sheets. The inner sides of the 4 experimental chamber brackets are respectively fixed on the same piston main shaft through lead blocks; One-way valves are respectively fixed on the sediment experimental chamber upper cover and the heavy metal experimental chamber upper cover. One ends of a sediment injection pipe and a heavy metal injection pipe are respectively connected to the sediment experimental chamber upper cover and the heavy metal experimental chamber upper cover. The middle and rear parts of the sediment injection pipe and the heavy metal injection pipe respectively pass through the sediment solution sample bag and the heavy metal solution sample bag connected to the ends of the sediment peristaltic pump and the heavy metal peristaltic pump. A searchlight is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom of the light experimental chamber upper cover. Inside the light experimental chamber upper cover, a lighting power supply wire is arranged to connect with the searchlight. Multiparameter water quality testers are hung inside the 4 experimental chambers; The recovery mechanism includes a lifting ring, a piston outer shaft, a beacon, several glass floats, a recovery frame, and an acoustic release unit; The piston outer shaft is fixedly installed at the center inside the frame of the recovery frame. The piston outer shaft and the piston main shaft are connected through a piston mechanism. The piston main shaft fixes the sediment experimental chamber, light experimental chamber, heavy metal experimental chamber, and blank experimental chamber through lead blocks; The sediment peristaltic pump, heavy metal peristaltic pump, sediment solution sample bag, heavy metal solution sample bag, and lighting power supply wire are fixed to the bottom of the recovery frame; The beacon is fixed to the top of the recovery frame. A battery compartment and a deep-sea camera are also fixedly installed at the bottom of the recovery frame. The battery compartment is connected to the searchlight, sediment peristaltic pump, heavy metal peristaltic pump, and deep-sea camera through the lighting power supply wire, sediment peristaltic pump power supply wire, heavy metal peristaltic pump power supply wire, and deep-sea camera power supply wire respectively. Glass floats are arranged inside the recovery frame to provide buoyancy. There are 2 acoustic release units respectively fixed at both sides of the bottom of the recovery frame. The lower ends of the acoustic release units are connected with iron chains; The lifting ring is fixed at the center position of the top end of the piston outer shaft; The retention mechanism includes 4 disc landing feet, screw holes, a retention frame, a retention platform, tie rings, and iron chains. The top of the retention frame is a square frame, and its four corners extend downward to the bottom to be connected with the disc landing feet. A retention platform is fixedly installed above the top of the retention frame. There are 2 tie rings respectively fixed on both sides of the retention platform. The iron chains pass through the tie rings so that the acoustic release unit is connected to the retention mechanism through the iron chains.

[0006] As a preferred solution, screw holes are vertically penetrated and opened inside the disc landing feet A method for an in-situ microcosm experimental device for the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, specifically including the following steps: Step S1: The experimental device arrives at the designated experimental sea area with the scientific research vessel, charges and calibrates the electrical equipment that needs power. After cleaning, the 4 experimental cabins are fixed to the experimental cabin brackets. The sediment solution sample bags and heavy metal solution sample bags are filled with sediment solution and heavy metal solution. All upper and lower covers are in the open state. The recovery mechanism is connected to the ring of the retention mechanism through an iron chain connected by an acoustic release. Appropriate disc landing feet are added or removed to complete the assembly of the experimental device. Step S2: The experimental device is released by the cable of the scientific research vessel through a lifting ring. The experimental device dives continuously due to gravitational potential energy. The experimental device lands on the seabed, the experimental cabin is inserted into the seabed sediment, and the seabed provides an upward supporting force. The piston main shaft stops moving, and the piston outer shaft continues to move downward due to gravitational potential energy and kinetic potential energy, thus hitting the trigger bolt fixed to the piston main shaft, causing the trigger bolt to tilt outward, the stainless steel sheet to separate from the trigger bolt, and the upper cover to close the upper opening of the experimental cabin due to the action of the second spring. At the same time, the stainless steel hook fixed to the upper cover separates the lower cover bolt, and the lower cover is buckled to the ground by the action of the first spring, crank arm chute and crank arm connecting rod. On the other hand, the piston mechanism plays a buffering role for the landing of the experimental cabin. Step S3: The sediment peristaltic pump and the heavy metal peristaltic pump rotate, pumping the sediment solution and heavy metal solution in the sediment sample bag and heavy metal sample bag into the sediment experimental cabin and heavy metal experimental cabin through the sediment injection pipe and heavy metal injection pipe. The one-way valve can achieve pressure equalization inside and outside the experimental cabin. The rotation speed and time of the sediment peristaltic pump and the heavy metal peristaltic pump are controllable, which can control the pumping speed and volume of the sediment solution and heavy metal solution, and can also perform reciprocating cycles. When the designed injection volume stops, a stress culture experiment is carried out; The searchlight emits strong artificial light in the light experimental cabin. The light intensity and duration of the searchlight are controllable. It can continuously carry out light stress culture experiments, or carry out stress culture experiments after a fixed cycle of light stress; The multi-parameter water quality tester in the experimental cabin records the whole process, obtaining the changes in environmental factor parameters including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity in the experimental cabin during the experiment; The deep-sea camera records the whole process during the experiment, obtaining behavioral data on the responses of benthic organisms to the stress of sediment, heavy metals, and strong light sources. Step S4: After the experimental cycle, the iron chain is disconnected using the acoustic release. The glass float provides buoyancy, and the recovery mechanism detaches from the retention mechanism and floats upward. The experimental cabin is pulled out of the seabed sediment, and the stressed benthic organisms and seabed sediment are adsorbed together in the experimental cabin. The lower cover then completely closes the lower end of the experimental cabin; The recovery mechanism carries the stressed benthic organisms and seabed sediment samples to float to the sea surface. The beacon emits a positioning signal to guide the scientific research vessel to salvage. It is also possible to use an ROV with a hook to salvage the entire experimental device to save costs. Step S5, the experimental device is salvaged by the cable of the scientific research vessel through the lifting ring, and when the experimental device is placed on the splint of the scientific research vessel, the upper and lower covers of the experimental cabin are opened with a round iron plate, and the benthic organisms and seabed mud in the experimental cabin after being coerced are supported, and the experimental cabin is moved out. The multi-parameter water quality tester in different experimental cabins is taken out to derive the environmental factor data of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. The sediment is screened with a 0.5mm aperture sieve to obtain large benthic animals, and the sediment is screened with a 0.042mm aperture sieve to obtain small benthic animals. Some quantitative sediment can also be wrapped in tin foil and placed in a liquid nitrogen tank for sequencing and research on benthic microorganisms after landing.

[0007] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: the present device targets the technical gap of in-situ microcosm experiments on the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, integrates deep-sea in-situ ecological simulation, deep-sea in-situ environmental monitoring, deep-sea mining stress simulation, deep-sea biological collection, blank control and other experimental functions, breaks through key technologies such as in-situ long-term self-experimentation, self-sampling, and self-floating without relying on ROV operations, thereby obtaining for the first time the most direct in-situ impact of deep-sea mining, including plume redeposition, heavy metal ions and strong light sources on benthic organisms and their impact thresholds, analyzes environmental factors such as cabin temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, etc., indicates the impact of deep-sea mining on various environmental factors, and determines the mechanism of indirect stress on benthic organisms by changing environmental factors in addition to direct impact, thereby solving the difficult problems of long-term monitoring and quantitative research on the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, and promoting the mature process of deep-sea mining from the trial mining stage to commercial mining.

[0008] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall planar structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when viewed from above; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the trigger pin of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a blank experimental chamber of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sediment experimental chamber of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the illumination experiment cabin of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the heavy metal experimental chamber of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0010] In order to more clearly understand the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0011] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0012] The following combines Figures 1 to 8 To specifically illustrate the in-situ microcosm experimental device and method for the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0013] As Figures 2 to 8 shown, the present invention proposes an in-situ microcosm experimental device for the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, including an experimental mechanism, a recovery mechanism and a retention mechanism; The experimental mechanism includes four experimental chambers, namely a sediment experimental chamber 17, a light experimental chamber 18, a heavy metal experimental chamber 19, and a blank experimental chamber 20, which are respectively fixed to their respective experimental chamber brackets 34. A curved arm chute 33 is respectively fixed on the outside of each experimental chamber bracket 34. A first spring 26 is installed on the curved arm chute 33. The first spring 26 passes through the curved arm chute 33 and is connected to a curved arm link 31 by a ring joint. A lower cover 30 is fixed on the curved arm link 31 through a lower cover support plate 29. Sediment test chamber 17, light test chamber 18, heavy metal test chamber 19, and blank test chamber 20 are respectively provided with a sediment test chamber upper cover 40, a light test chamber upper cover 43, a heavy metal test chamber upper cover 48, and a blank test chamber upper cover 23 at their tops. Stainless steel hooks 27 are fixedly installed on the sediment test chamber upper cover 40, the light test chamber upper cover 43, the heavy metal test chamber upper cover 48, and the blank test chamber upper cover 23. The stainless steel hooks 27 hook the lower cover bolts 28 fixed to the crank arm link 31. Upper cover support plates 49 are respectively fixedly installed at the tops of the 4 upper covers. Lead blocks 25 are fixed to the ends of the upper cover support plates 49 through annular joints. The upper cover support plates 49 are connected to the test chamber brackets 34 through second springs 24. The upper cover support plates 49 are connected to the trigger bolts 22 through stainless steel sheets 21. The inner sides of the 4 test chamber brackets 34 are respectively fixed to the same piston main shaft 13 through lead blocks 25. One-way valves 38 are respectively fixed on the sediment test chamber upper cover 40 and the heavy metal test chamber upper cover 48. The sediment test chamber upper cover 40 and the heavy metal test chamber upper cover 48 are respectively connected to one ends of a sediment injection pipe 37 and a heavy metal injection pipe 46. The middle and rear parts of the sediment injection pipe 37 and the heavy metal injection pipe 46 respectively pass through a sediment solution sample bag 36 and a heavy metal solution sample bag 45 connected to the ends of a sediment peristaltic pump 35 and a heavy metal peristaltic pump 44. A searchlight 42 is fixed at the bottom center of the light test chamber upper cover 43. A lighting power supply wire 41 is arranged inside the light test chamber upper cover 43 and connected to the searchlight 42. Multi-parameter water quality testers 32 are respectively hung inside the 4 test chambers to obtain the changes of environmental factor parameters such as in-situ temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity during the experiment; The recovery mechanism includes a lifting ring 1, a piston outer shaft 2, a beacon 3, several glass floats 4, a recovery frame 5, and an acoustic release unit 6. The piston outer shaft 2 is fixed at the center inside the frame of the recovery frame 5. The piston outer shaft 2 and the piston main shaft 13 are connected through a piston mechanism. The piston main shaft 13 fixes the sediment test chamber 17, the illumination test chamber 18, the heavy metal test chamber 19, and the blank test chamber 20 through lead blocks 25. The battery compartment 10, the sediment peristaltic pump 35, the heavy metal peristaltic pump 44, the sediment solution sample bag 36, the heavy metal solution sample bag 45, and the lighting power supply wire 41 are fixed at the bottom of the recovery frame 5. The beacon 3 is fixed at the top of the recovery frame 5. The bottom of the recovery frame 5 is also fixedly installed with a battery compartment 10 and a deep-sea camera 11. The battery compartment 10 is connected to the searchlight 42, the sediment peristaltic pump 35, the heavy metal peristaltic pump 44, and the deep-sea camera 11 through the lighting power supply wire 41, the sediment peristaltic pump power supply wire 39, the heavy metal peristaltic pump power supply wire 47, and the deep-sea camera power supply wire 12 respectively to supply power to the above-mentioned equipment. Glass floats 4 are arranged inside the recovery frame 5 to provide buoyancy. There are 2 acoustic release units 6 which are respectively fixed at both sides of the bottom of the recovery frame 5 to receive acoustic release signals. The lower end of the acoustic release unit 6 is connected with an iron chain 7. The lifting ring 1 is fixed at the top center position of the piston outer shaft 2. The lifting ring 1 has two main functions. One is that when the experimental recovery mechanism of the device is recovered to the sea surface after the experiment, it can be directly hooked. The other is that in case of an accident, an ROV can be used in cooperation with a hook for salvage. The beacon 3 is used to emit a position signal on the sea surface for the recovery mechanism to guide the scientific research ship for salvage. The retention mechanism includes 4 disc landing feet 15, screw holes 16, a retention frame 14, a retention platform 9, tie rings 8, and an iron chain 7. The top of the retention frame 14 is a square frame, and its four corners extend downward to the bottom and are connected to the disc landing feet 15. The retention platform 9 is fixed above the top of the retention frame 14. There are 2 tie rings 8 which are respectively fixed on both sides of the retention platform 9. The iron chain 7 passes through the tie rings 8 so that the acoustic release unit 6 is connected to the retention mechanism through the iron chain 7. The retention frame 14 functions as a counterweight and for landing. The screw holes 16 are vertically penetrated inside the disc landing feet 15. The screw holes 16 can reduce the water resistance received when the device dives, and the weight of the device can also be changed by adding or subtracting bolts to the disc landing feet 15 to change the diving speed and control the depth of the test chamber inserted into the seafloor sediment.

[0014] The in-situ microcosm experimental device for the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms of the present invention is used as follows, as Figure 1 shown, and specifically includes the following steps: Step S1, the experimental device arrives at the designated experimental sea area with the scientific research vessel, the power-demanding equipment is charged and calibrated, the four experimental chambers are cleaned and fixed to the experimental chamber bracket 34, the sediment solution sample bag 36 and the heavy metal solution sample bag 45 are filled with sediment solution and heavy metal solution, all the upper and lower covers are in the open state, the iron chain 7 connected to the acoustic releaser 6 connects the recovery mechanism with the tie ring of the retention mechanism, and the appropriate disc landing feet 15 are added or removed to complete the assembly of the experimental device; Step S2, the experimental device is released by the cable of the scientific research vessel through the lifting ring 1, and the experimental device continues to dive due to the gravitational potential energy, and the experimental device lands on the seabed. The experimental cabin is inserted into the seabed mud, and the seabed provides an upward support force. The piston main shaft 13 stops moving, and the piston outer shaft 2 continues to move downward due to the gravitational potential energy and the dynamic potential energy, thereby hitting the trigger pin 22 fixed to the piston main shaft 13, so that the trigger pin 22 tilts outward, and the stainless steel sheet 21 is separated from the trigger pin 22. The upper cover closes the upper seal of the experimental cabin due to the action of the second spring 24. At the same time, the stainless steel hook 27 fixed to the upper cover separates the lower cover pin 28, and the lower cover 30 is buckled to the ground by the action of the first spring 26, the crank arm slide groove 33 and the crank arm connecting rod 31. On the other hand, the piston mechanism plays a buffering role for the landing of the experimental cabin; Step S3, the sediment peristaltic pump 35 and the heavy metal peristaltic pump 44 rotate, and the sediment solution and the heavy metal solution in the sediment sample bag 36 and the heavy metal sample bag 45 are pumped into the sediment test chamber 17 and the heavy metal test chamber 19 through the sediment injection tube 37 and the heavy metal injection tube 46. The one-way valve 38 can realize the pressure inside and outside the test chamber. The rotation speed and time of the sediment peristaltic pump 35 and the heavy metal peristaltic pump 44 are controllable, and the pumping speed and volume of the sediment solution and the heavy metal solution can be controlled. Reciprocating circulation can also be performed until the designed injection volume stops. , and conduct stress culture experiments; the searchlight 42 emits strong artificial light in the light experiment chamber 18, and the light intensity and duration of the searchlight 42 are controllable, and the light stress culture experiment can be carried out continuously, or the stress culture experiment can be carried out after a fixed period of light stress; the multi-parameter water quality tester in the experiment chamber records the whole process, and obtains the changes in environmental factor parameters including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity in the experiment chamber during the experiment; the deep-sea camera records the whole process during the experiment, and obtains the behavioral data of the benthic organisms' response to sediments, heavy metals, and strong light source stress; Step S4, after the experimental cycle, the iron chain 7 is disconnected by the acoustic releaser 6, the glass float 4 provides buoyancy, the recovery mechanism is separated from the retention mechanism and floats up, the experimental cabin pulls out the seabed mud, and the benthic organisms and the seabed mud after being coerced are adsorbed in the experimental cabin together, and the lower cover completely seals the lower end of the experimental cabin; the recovery mechanism carries the benthic organisms and the seabed mud samples after being coerced to the sea surface, and the beacon sends a positioning signal to guide the scientific research vessel to salvage, and the ROV can also be used to cooperate with the hook salvage experimental device for overall recovery to save costs; Step S5: The experimental device is salvaged by the cable of the scientific research vessel through the hanging ring. After the experimental device is placed on the deck of the scientific research vessel, the upper and lower covers of the experimental cabin are pushed open by the circular iron plate, and the benthic organisms and seafloor sediment after stress in the experimental cabin are supported. Then the experimental cabin is removed. The multi-parameter water quality testers in different experimental cabins are taken out to export the environmental factor data of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Taking the experimental cabin as a unit, the seafloor sediment is screened with a 0.5-mm aperture sieve to obtain macrobenthos, and the seafloor sediment is screened with a 0.042-mm aperture sieve to obtain meiobenthos. Part of the quantitative seafloor sediment can also be wrapped in tin foil and placed in a liquid nitrogen tank for sequencing research on benthic microorganisms after reaching the shore.

[0015] In the description of the present invention, the term "a plurality of" refers to two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined. The terms "upper", "lower", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention; the terms "connection", "installation", "fixation", etc. should all be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0016] In the description of this specification, the descriptions of the terms "an embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0017] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ microcosm experimental device for the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, characterized in that , including experimental institutions, recycling institutions and retention institutions; The experimental mechanism comprises four experimental chambers, namely a sediment experimental chamber (17), an illumination experimental chamber (18), a heavy metal experimental chamber (19), and a blank experimental chamber (20), which are respectively fixed to respective experimental chamber brackets (34); a crank arm slide groove (33) is respectively fixed to the outer side of each experimental chamber bracket (34); a first spring (26) is installed on the crank arm slide groove (33); the first spring (26) passes through the crank arm slide groove (33) and is connected to a crank arm connecting rod (31) via an annular joint; a lower cover (30) is fixed to the crank arm connecting rod (31) via a lower cover support plate (29); The tops of the sediment test chamber (17), the illumination test chamber (18), the heavy metal test chamber (19), and the blank test chamber (20) are respectively provided with a sediment test chamber upper cover (40), an illumination test chamber upper cover (43), a heavy metal test chamber upper cover (48), and a blank test chamber upper cover (23); the sediment test chamber upper cover (40), the illumination test chamber upper cover (43), the heavy metal test chamber upper cover (48), and the blank test chamber upper cover (23) are A stainless steel hook (27) is fixedly installed on each of the four upper covers, and the stainless steel hook (27) hooks the lower cover pin (28) fixed to the crank arm connecting rod (31). An upper cover support plate (49) is fixedly installed on the top of each of the four upper covers, and a lead block (25) is fixed to the end of the upper cover support plate (49) through an annular joint. The upper cover support plate (49) is connected to the experimental cabin bracket (34) through a second spring (24). The upper cover support plate (49) is connected to the trigger pin through a stainless steel sheet (21). The four test chamber brackets (34) are connected by bolts (22), and the inner sides of the four test chamber brackets (34) are fixed to the same piston main shaft (13) through lead blocks (25); a check valve (38) is fixed to the upper cover (40) of the sediment test chamber and the upper cover (48) of the heavy metal test chamber, and one end of the sediment injection tube (37) and the heavy metal injection tube (46) are connected to the upper cover (40) of the sediment test chamber and the upper cover (48) of the heavy metal test chamber, respectively. The middle and rear parts of the metal injection tube (46) pass through the sediment solution sample bag (36) and the heavy metal solution sample bag (45) connected to the ends of the sediment peristaltic pump (35) and the heavy metal peristaltic pump (44), respectively; a searchlight (42) is fixed at the bottom center of the upper cover (43) of the illumination experiment cabin; a light power supply line (41) connected to the searchlight (42) is arranged inside the upper cover (43) of the illumination experiment cabin, and a multi-parameter water quality tester (32) is mounted inside each of the four experiment cabins; The recovery mechanism comprises a lifting ring (1), a piston outer shaft (2), a beacon (3), a plurality of glass floats (4), a recovery frame (5) and an acoustic releaser (6); the piston outer shaft (2) is fixed at the center of the frame of the recovery frame (5); the piston outer shaft (2) and the piston main shaft (13) are connected through a piston mechanism; the piston main shaft (13) is fixed to the sediment test chamber (17), the illumination test chamber (18), the heavy metal test chamber (19) and the blank test chamber (20) through a lead block (25); the battery compartment (10), the sediment peristaltic pump (35), the heavy metal peristaltic pump (44), the sediment solution sample bag (36), the heavy metal solution sample bag (45) and the light power supply line (41) are fixed to the bottom of the recovery frame (5); the beacon (3 ) is fixed on the top of the recovery frame (5), and a battery compartment (10) and a deep-sea camera (11) are also fixedly installed on the bottom of the recovery frame (5). The battery compartment (10) is connected to the searchlight (42), the sediment peristaltic pump (35), the heavy metal peristaltic pump (44) and the deep-sea camera (11) respectively through the light power supply line (41), the sediment peristaltic pump power supply line (39), the heavy metal peristaltic pump power supply line (47) and the deep-sea camera power supply line (12); a glass float (4) is arranged inside the recovery frame (5) to provide buoyancy, and two acoustic releasers (6) are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom of the recovery frame (5), and the lower end of the acoustic releaser (6) is connected to an iron chain (7); the lifting ring (1) is fixed to the top center position of the piston outer shaft (2); The retention mechanism comprises four disc landing feet (15), screw holes (16), a retention frame (14), a retention platform (9), a tie ring (8), and an iron chain (7). The top of the retention frame (14) is a square frame, and its four corners extend downwardly to the bottom end and are connected to the disc landing feet (15). The retention platform (9) is fixed above the top of the retention frame (14). Two tie rings (8) are respectively fixed on both sides of the retention platform (9). The iron chain (7) passes through the tie ring (8) so that the acoustic releaser (6) is connected to the retention mechanism through the iron chain (7).

2. The in-situ microcosm experimental device and method for the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms according to claim 1 is characterized in that A screw hole (16) is vertically penetrated through the disc landing foot (15).

3. A method for an in-situ microcosm experimental device for the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that , specifically including the following steps: Step S1, the experimental device arrives at the designated experimental sea area with the scientific research vessel, the power-demanding equipment is charged and calibrated, the four experimental chambers are cleaned and fixed to the experimental chamber bracket (34), the sediment solution sample bag (36) and the heavy metal solution sample bag (45) are filled with sediment solution and heavy metal solution, all upper and lower covers are in an open state, the recovery mechanism is connected to the ring of the retention mechanism through the iron chain (7) connected to the acoustic releaser (6), and the appropriate disc landing feet (15) are added or removed to complete the assembly of the experimental device; Step S2, the experimental device is released by the cable of the scientific research vessel through the lifting ring (1), and the experimental device continues to dive due to gravitational potential energy. The experimental device lands on the seabed, and the experimental cabin is inserted into the seabed mud. The seabed provides an upward support force, and the piston main shaft (13) stops moving. The piston outer shaft (2) continues to move downward due to gravitational potential energy and dynamic potential energy, thereby hitting the trigger pin (22) fixed to the piston main shaft (13), causing the trigger pin (22) to tilt outward, and the stainless steel sheet (21) is separated from the trigger pin (22). The upper cover closes the upper seal of the experimental cabin due to the action of the second spring (24). At the same time, the stainless steel hook (27) fixed to the upper cover separates the lower cover pin (28), and the lower cover (30) is buckled to the ground by the action of the first spring (26), the crank arm slide groove (33) and the crank arm connecting rod (31); Step S3, the sediment peristaltic pump (35) and the heavy metal peristaltic pump (44) rotate to pump the sediment solution and the heavy metal solution in the sediment sample bag (36) and the heavy metal sample bag (45) into the sediment test chamber (17) and the heavy metal test chamber (19) through the sediment injection tube (37) and the heavy metal injection tube (46). The one-way valve (38) can realize pressure communication between the inside and outside of the test chamber. The rotation speed and time of the sediment peristaltic pump (35) and the heavy metal peristaltic pump (44) are controllable, and the pumping speed and volume of the sediment solution and the heavy metal solution can be controlled. A reciprocating cycle can also be performed. When the designed injection volume is stopped, a stress culture experiment is carried out; a searchlight (42) emits strong artificial light in the light experiment chamber (18); the light intensity and duration of the searchlight (42) are controllable, and the light stress culture experiment can be carried out continuously, or the stress culture experiment can be carried out after a fixed period of light stress; a multi-parameter water quality tester in the experiment chamber records the entire process, and obtains the changes in environmental factor parameters including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity in the experiment chamber during the experiment; a deep-sea camera records the entire process during the experiment, and obtains behavioral data on the response of benthic organisms to sediments, heavy metals, and strong light source stress; Step S4, after the experimental cycle, the iron chain (7) is disconnected by using the acoustic releaser (6), the glass float (4) provides buoyancy, the recovery mechanism is separated from the retention mechanism and floats up, the experimental cabin pulls out the seabed mud, and the stressed benthic organisms and the seabed mud are adsorbed together in the experimental cabin, and the lower cover completely seals the lower end of the experimental cabin; the recovery mechanism carries the stressed benthic organisms and the seabed mud samples to the sea surface, and the beacon sends a positioning signal to guide the scientific research vessel to salvage, and the ROV can also be used to cooperate with the hook salvage experimental device for overall recovery to save costs; Step S5, the experimental device is salvaged by the cable of the scientific research vessel through the lifting ring, and when the experimental device is placed on the splint of the scientific research vessel, the upper and lower covers of the experimental cabin are pushed open with a round iron plate, the benthic organisms and seabed mud in the experimental cabin after being coerced are supported, and the experimental cabin is moved out; the multi-parameter water quality testers in different experimental cabins are taken out to derive the environmental factor data of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity, and the sediment is screened with a 0.5mm aperture sieve to obtain large benthic animals and with a 0.042mm aperture sieve to obtain small benthic animals in units of the experimental cabin. Part of the quantitative sediment can also be wrapped in tin foil and placed in a liquid nitrogen tank for sequencing and research on benthic microorganisms after docking.

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