Hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device and test method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral engineering and information, and discloses a hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device and a test method. The method comprises the steps of prototype analysis and similarity coefficient determination; preparing and designing similar materials; material characteristic inspection: detecting physical and mechanical characteristics of the material; calculating test parameters, and calculating an expected speed, an acceleration distance and a parking height by using mathematical and numerical methods according to a similarity theory and a landslide dynamics principle; arranging sensors, adjusting the angle of the material box, carrying out a landslide mass model test, and cleaning and maintaining the material box. The test method provided by the invention has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, low cost and high repeatability, and is convenient for carrying out experimental research on landslide mass speed control under diversified geological conditions. According to the landslide mass speed control device and the test method thereof, the efficiency and safety of landslide prevention and control work can be remarkably improved, and damage of landslide disasters to the human society and the natural environment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of mining engineering and information technology, and particularly relates to a hydraulic drive type coal mine landslide speed control device and a test method therefor. Background Art

[0002] In the exploitation activities of mineral resources, due to factors such as geological structures, many coal mines are located between high mountains and deep valleys. This makes the instability of slopes more and more serious, resulting in frequent disasters such as collapses, landslides, and debris flows. These geological disasters not only pose great challenges to underground mining, but also pose threats to the surrounding environment and people's lives and property. The occurrence of slope landslides is usually due to the combined action of various factors such as geological conditions, external loading, and rainfall. The huge impact force generated by the sliding of the landslide body not only causes deformation and damage to the ground surface, but also has a direct impact on the underground roadway and stope. Such impacts include the deformation and damage of the roadway, and may even lead to the closure of the roadway. In addition, landslides can also interfere with the groundwater regime, possibly causing the water level to rise or fall, affecting the mine drainage and ventilation systems, thus increasing safety hazards and reducing the mining efficiency.

[0003] The model test of the coal mine landslide body can visually display the process of the landslide body becoming unstable and sliding, and is considered an important method that can effectively simulate the coal mine landslide. Under the condition of meeting the similarity criteria, the model test of the coal mine landslide body can study the sliding law of the landslide body, effectively predict the disaster-causing range and degree of the coal mine landslide, and provide an important basis for taking effective prevention and mitigation measures for the coal mine landslide disaster.

[0004] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows: The response speed of traditional mechanical structures (such as gears and chains) is slow, and they cannot accurately match the dynamic changes of the landslide, easily leading to control lag or over-intervention, and most existing landslide simulation devices rely on physical models or numerical calculations and lack the ability to reproduce the real working conditions in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention provide a hydraulic drive type coal mine landslide speed control device and a test method therefor. The design of the device of the present invention and the implementation of the test method provide a more accurate and scientific experimental basis for landslide prevention and control, and further improve the efficiency and safety of landslide prevention and control work.

[0006] The technical solution is as follows: The test method of the hydraulic drive type coal mine landslide speed control device includes the following steps: S1, prototype analysis and similarity coefficient determination; S2, similar material preparation design; S3, detecting the physical and mechanical properties of the material; S4. According to the similarity theory and the principle of landslide dynamics, use mathematical and numerical methods to calculate the expected speed, acceleration distance, and parking height; S5. Based on the landslide movement characteristics and observation requirements, determine the type, quantity, and location of sensors, monitor and record the changes in landslide movement parameters, and form a complete monitoring network; S6. Adjust the angle of the material box. According to the similarity coefficient and the prototype inclination angle, adjust the rotation angle of the material box; S7. Conduct landslide model tests and clean and maintain the material box.

[0007] In step S1, prototype analysis and similarity coefficient determination include: S101. Analyze the geological conditions of the prototype landslide body and complete the quantitative characterization of the landslide body model; S102. Determine the similarity coefficient of the model test according to the similarity theory; in the landslide body model test, the basic dimensions are mass length and time ; Select geometry, mechanics, and motion quantities as the basic quantities independent of dimensions, and establish the similarity relationship of each physical quantity based on dimensional analysis: Geometric parameters: ; In the formula, is the geometric scale coefficient between the model and the prototype, is the characteristic length of the prototype, is the characteristic length of the model; Mechanical parameters, the similarity ratio of elastic modulus is: ; In the formula, is the elastic modulus scale coefficient between the model and the prototype, is the stress scale coefficient between the model and the prototype; The similarity ratio of permeability coefficient is: ; In the formula, is the permeability coefficient scale coefficient between the model and the prototype, is the time scale coefficient between the model and the prototype; Dynamic parameters, acceleration similarity ratio: ; In the formula, is the acceleration scale coefficient between the model and the prototype; Velocity similarity ratio: ; In the formula, is the velocity scale coefficient between the model and the prototype; Displacement: ; In the formula, is the displacement ratio coefficient between the model and the prototype.

[0008] In step S2, the design of similar material preparation includes: Constrained by the mechanical similarity ratio in the similarity theory, the orthogonal test method is used to optimize the composite ratio of aggregate, cementitious agent and toughening phase, and the porosity and permeability are balanced by controlling the water-cement ratio and grading curve; finally, the strain hardening, dilatancy characteristics and long-term stability of the model material are verified through triaxial shear and creep tests, so that the stress-strain curve is consistent with the prototype rock and soil under the normalized scale, realizing the cross-scale equivalent simulation of geomechanical behavior.

[0009] In step S3, the physical and mechanical properties of the material are detected, including: S301, detection of physical properties; For density and porosity, the wet density is measured by the cutting ring method , and the porosity is calculated by combining with the drying method , is the dry density, is the particle density, and the pore distribution of heterogeneous materials is corrected by the improved fractal pore model. The expression is: ; In the formula, is the corrected effective porosity, is the initial porosity calculated by the traditional method, are the maximum and minimum pore diameters respectively, is the pore fractal dimension, calibrated by the box-counting method of SEM images; For the permeability coefficient, based on the variable-head permeability test data, the non-Darcy flow correction factor is introduced: ; In the formula, is the corrected permeability coefficient, is the permeability coefficient measured by the experiment, is the hydraulic gradient, is the critical gradient; S302, detection of mechanical properties; For the shear strength parameters, the cohesion and the internal friction angle are obtained through a direct shear apparatus or a triaxial apparatus, and the similarity ratio is optimized by combining with a non-linear strength envelope model. The expression is: ; In the formula, is the cohesion similarity ratio, is the density similarity ratio, is the stress level correction coefficient, is the normal stress, is the reference stress, is the geometric scale coefficient between the model and the prototype; The deformation modulus, using the stress-strain curve of the triaxial test and fitting with a piecewise power function to characterize the strain hardening effect, the expression is: ; In the formula, is the initial modulus, is the critical strain, is the hardening index, is the deformation modulus, is the strain.

[0010] In step S4, according to the similarity theory and the principle of landslide dynamics, use mathematical and numerical methods to calculate the expected speed, acceleration distance and parking height, including: S401, dynamic modeling and similarity law correction; Assume that the landslide body is affected by gravity, basal friction and internal shear resistance, and the motion equation is: ; In the formula, is the mass of the landslide body, is the speed of the landslide body, is the time, is the gravitational acceleration, is the contact area of the sliding surface, is the inclination angle of the material box, is the basal friction coefficient, is the shear strength of the soil in the sliding zone, ; is the cohesion, is the internal friction angle; Similarity law scaling: Convert the prototype parameters to model parameters according to the Froude similarity criterion: ; ; ; In the formula, is the speed in the model experiment, is the actual speed of the prototype landslide body, is the acceleration in the model experiment, is the actual acceleration of the prototype landslide body, is the shear strength of the model material, is the shear strength of the model landslide body; S402, Numerical solution and acceleration distance calculation; The improved Runge-Kutta method discretizes the motion equation into: ; The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to iteratively solve for velocity and displacement: ; ; ; ; ; ; In the formula, are all the slopes of the Runge-Kutta method, is the velocity at the time step, is the displacement at the time step, is the time step size, is the velocity at the time step, is the time point at the time step, is the displacement at the time step; The acceleration distance is defined as the displacement when the velocity reaches the stable value , and convergence is determined by monitoring the rate of change of velocity ; S403, Parking height calculation and energy conservation correction; The energy balance equation, the sliding body slides from the initial height to the parking height , and the mechanical energy loss is the frictional work: ; In the formula, is the total sliding distance of the landslide from the start of sliding to complete stop, is the displacement variable on the sliding path; Numerical integration, the sliding path is discretized into segments, and the displacement increment of each segment is , and the parking height is iteratively calculated: ; In the formula, is the parking height obtained from the th iterative calculation, is the friction coefficient on the th segment of the sliding path, is the shear strength at the -th sliding distance segment, is the displacement increment at the -th sliding distance segment; Introduce a velocity-dependent friction coefficient to enhance the nonlinear characterization ability of the model, is the rate effect coefficient, is the base friction coefficient, is the instantaneous velocity of the landslide body.

[0011] In step S5, determine the type, quantity, and location of the sensors, including: Displacement monitoring, using a laser displacement meter and high-frequency InSAR to cover the surface of the landslide body; Acceleration acquisition, with a three-axis MEMS accelerometer embedded inside the landslide body, arranged according to a hexahedron grid, and the node spacing is determined by the thickness of the landslide body ; Strain field capture, with distributed fiber optic sensing laid along the sliding zone.

[0012] In step S6, adjust the rotation angle of the material box, including: Control the tilt angle of the inclined truss by controlling the elongation of the tilting oil cylinder to control the tilt angle of the landslide body material; take the initial elongation of the tilting oil cylinder, the distance from the tilting oil cylinder to the tilting support seat, and the distance from the intersection of the tilting support seat and the inclined truss to the intersection of the tilting oil cylinder and the inclined truss as a triangle; assume the initial length of the tilting oil cylinder is , the corresponding initial angle is , the distance from the top of the tilting oil cylinder to the tilting support seat is , the distance from the intersection of the tilting support seat and the inclined truss to the intersection of the tilting oil cylinder and the inclined truss is ; assume the tilt angle of the prototype landslide body is , when the triangle angle changes from to , the elongation of the hydraulic jack is ; establish the and functional expression; By the cosine theorem: ; When side becomes later, the corresponding angle satisfies: ; Subtract these two equations: ; After sorting out: .

[0013] In step S7, a landslide body model test and the cleaning and maintenance of the material box are carried out, including: observing and recording the whole process of landslide movement with a high-speed camera and a data acquisition system, and recording abnormalities; The cleaning and maintenance of the material box include: cleaning the material box in time after the test, removing the residual materials, and inspecting and maintaining the structure and components.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device, which implements the test method of the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device. The device includes: a material box for containing landslide body materials and an inclined truss located below the material box for fixing an acceleration mechanism, and a tilting oil cylinder for adjusting the angle of the material box; the inclined truss is connected to a base truss through the tilting oil cylinder; a tilting support seat is arranged at the front end of the base truss; the tilting oil cylinder is installed at the rear end of the base truss; A high-speed oil cylinder, a guide pull rod and a guide rail are installed in the inclined truss, and a power source is provided for the material box 1 through the high-speed oil cylinder; A clamping groove is formed at the bottom of the material box, and a buckle is installed at the bottom of the material box; the buckle is matched in the clamping groove; A hydraulic door opening device is installed on the side edge of the front edge of the material box. The hydraulic door opening device includes a baffle lock, a hydraulic rod and a material box door opening device; the baffle lock and the hydraulic rod are used in cooperation. When the front edge of the material box accelerates to the front end of the inclined truss, the baffle lock rotates upward under the pulling force of the hydraulic rod, and the front baffle of the material box door opening device is pulled by a spring device to open the front baffle of the material box door opening device, and the landslide body materials in the material box are released.

[0015] Further, the buckle is clamped in front of the high-speed oil cylinder. The high-speed oil cylinder gives power to the material box, and then drives the material box to accelerate downward along the longitudinal guide rail through a plurality of pulleys installed at the bottom of the material box. The buckle is connected to the guide pull rod, and the guide pull rod is matched in the clamping groove; The tilting support seat arranged at the front end of the base truss is used as a support point for the tilting of the inclined truss. The telescopic length of the tilting oil cylinder arranged at the control rear end controls the tilting angle of the inclined truss, and then controls the angle of the material box.

[0016] Combining all the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention has the advantages of simple structure and easy operation, etc. It can overcome the slow response speed of traditional mechanical structures (such as gears and chains), the inability to accurately match the dynamic changes of landslides, which easily leads to control lag or over-intervention, and the existing landslide simulation devices mostly rely on physical models or numerical calculations and lack the ability to reproduce the real working conditions in real time. By setting up a material box, an inclined truss, a high-speed oil cylinder, and a guiding pull rod, the present invention can accurately control the movement speed of the landslide body, simulate the movement behavior of the landslide body under different environmental conditions, and provide a scientific theoretical support for landslide prevention and control work. By setting up a material box door opening device and a baffle lock, the ingenious design realizes the automatic release of the landslide body material; by setting up a flipping oil cylinder on the base truss, the physical simulation of landslides with different inclination angles can be realized, increasing the application range of the landslide body acceleration device. By adjusting the test parameters, the action mechanism of various prevention and control strategies on the movement behavior of the landslide body can be deeply studied, and the movement characteristics of the landslide body in the natural environment can be reproduced. In addition, the test method provided by the present invention has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost, and high repeatability, which is convenient for carrying out experimental research on the speed control of landslide bodies under diverse geological conditions. In practical applications, the landslide body speed control device and its test method of the present invention can significantly improve the efficiency and safety of landslide prevention and control work, and reduce the damage caused by landslide disasters to human society and the natural environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and form a part of this specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and are used together with the specification to explain the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic transmission type coal mine mountain landslide speed control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a side view of a hydraulic transmission type coal mine mountain landslide speed control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the landslide body speed control device of the present invention provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a side view of a material box door opening device in a hydraulic transmission type coal mine mountain landslide speed control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a working schematic diagram of a baffle lock and a door opening device in a hydraulic transmission type coal mine mountain landslide speed control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a test method for a hydraulic transmission type coal mine mountain landslide speed control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1. Material box; 2. Guide rail; 3. Guide pull rod; 4. Inclined truss; 5. Tipping oil cylinder; 6. Tipping support seat; 8. Pulley; 9. Base truss; 10. Hydraulic rod; 11. Baffle lock; 12. Material box door opening device; 13. Spring device; 14. Buckle. Detailed implementation mode

[0018] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following will describe the detailed implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific implementations disclosed below.

[0019] The innovation of the present invention lies in: through high-precision hydraulic control and multi-field coupling test methods, the present invention systematically solves the technical problem of dynamic regulation of the speed of coal mine landslides; precisely controls the sliding speed of the model landslide through a hydraulic device, reducing the error between the sliding speed of the model and the prototype landslide; through multi-field coupling experimental methods, the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the model material are made consistent with the prototype landslide.

[0020] Example 1, as Figures 1 - 5 shown, the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a material box 1 for containing landslide materials and an inclined truss 4 located below the material box and used to fix the acceleration mechanism, and a tipping oil cylinder 5 for adjusting the angle of the material box 1; the inclined truss 4 is connected to the base truss 9 through the tipping oil cylinder 5; wherein, a tipping support seat 6 is provided at the front end of the base truss 9; the tipping oil cylinder 5 is installed at the rear end of the base truss 9; A high-speed oil cylinder 7, a guide pull rod 3, and a guide rail 2 are installed in the inclined truss 4, and a power source is provided for the material box 1 through the high-speed oil cylinder 7; A card slot (not shown) is opened at the bottom of the material box 1, and a buckle 14 is installed at the bottom of the material box 1; the buckle 14 is matched in the card slot; The buckle 14 is clamped in front of the high-speed oil cylinder 7, and the high-speed oil cylinder 7 gives power to the material box 1, thereby driving the material box 1 to move downward along the longitudinal guide rail 2 at an accelerated speed through a plurality of pulleys 8 installed at the bottom of the material box 1; the pulley 8 is accommodated in the guide rail 2 and can roll freely; wherein, the buckle 14 is connected to the guide pull rod 3, and the guide pull rod 3 is matched in the card slot; the guide pull rod 3 prevents the material box 1 from shifting during the movement process. The buckle 14 can slide freely on the surface of the inclined truss 4.

[0021] As Figures 3 - 5, a hydraulic door-opening device is installed on the front edge side of the material box 1. The hydraulic door-opening device includes a baffle lock 11, a hydraulic rod 10, and a material box door-opening device 12. The baffle lock 11 and the hydraulic rod 10 are used in cooperation. When the front edge of the material box 1 accelerates to the front end of the inclined truss 4, the baffle lock 11 is pulled upward by the hydraulic rod 10 and rotates upward. The front baffle of the material box door-opening device 12 is pulled by the spring device 13, and the front baffle of the material box door-opening device 12 can be opened in time to release the landslide material in the material box 1.

[0022] A tipping support seat 6 is provided at the front end of the base truss 9 for the support point when the inclined truss 4 tips. A tipping oil cylinder 5 is provided at the rear end, and the tipping angle of the inclined truss 4 is controlled by controlling the telescopic length of the tipping oil cylinder 5, thereby controlling the angle of the material box 1.

[0023] Exemplarily, the high-speed oil cylinder 7 provides power to the material box 1 to make the material box move along the longitudinal guide rail 2 at a predetermined speed.

[0024] The material box 1 is set to be rectangular, and the two side baffles are made of high-strength transparent organic glass, and the change of the material in the material box 1 can be clearly seen.

[0025] After the material box 1 reaches a certain position at the front end of the inclined truss 4, by controlling the hydraulic door-opening device, the opening and closing of the baffle lock 11 can be accurately controlled, and the material in the material box 1 can be made to slide.

[0026] A tipping support seat 6 is provided at the front end of the base truss 9 for providing a support point when the inclined truss 4 tips. A tipping oil cylinder 5 is provided at the rear end. By controlling the telescopic length of the tipping oil cylinder 5, the tipping angle of the inclined truss 4 is controlled, and thus the tipping angle of the material box 1 is controlled.

[0027] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device provided by the present invention ingeniously combines hydraulic technology and mechanical engineering principles in its design. The device mainly includes: a material box for loading landslide materials, and a hydraulic door-opening mechanism provided at the front end of the material box; an inclined truss for fixing the material box and the acceleration mechanism, which includes a high-speed oil cylinder for speed control, a guide rod for preventing the deviation of the movement of the material box, and a guide rail for ensuring the smooth movement of the material box; a tipping support seat 6 is provided at the front end of the base truss 9, the inclined truss is connected to the base truss 9 through the tipping support seat 6, and a tipping oil cylinder 5 is provided at the rear end thereof for adjusting the angle of the inclined truss.

[0028] The high-speed oil cylinder 7 is installed at the top position of the inclined truss. A buckle 14 is equipped at its front end, and corresponding slots are provided at the bottom of the material box. Through the cooperation of this buckle and the slots, the connection between the high-speed oil cylinder and the material box is realized. As a power output unit, the high-speed oil cylinder provides power to the material box, enabling the material box to move at a predetermined speed, thereby precisely controlling the speed of the landslide release.

[0029] A guiding pull rod is also equipped at the front end of the high-speed oil cylinder. The addition of this guiding pull rod further improves the stability and accuracy of the material box during the release process, effectively avoiding possible offset or sway problems during the movement of the landslide.

[0030] The material box 1 is set to be rectangular, and the two side baffles are made of high-strength transparent organic glass. The failure characteristics of the landslide can be observed during the test process.

[0031] A hydraulic door-opening device is provided at the front end of the material box 1. The baffle lock 11 and the hydraulic rod 10 are used in cooperation. When the front edge of the material box accelerates to the end of the guide rail 2, by controlling the hydraulic door-opening device, the baffle lock 11 is pulled by the hydraulic rod 10 and rotates upward. The front baffle of the material box door-opening device 12 is pulled by the spring device 13, and the material box can be opened in time to release the landslide material in the material box 1.

[0032] To realize the angle adjustment between the material box and the base truss 9, a flipping support seat 6 is provided at the front end of the base truss 9, which is used as the support point when the inclined truss flips. A flipping oil cylinder 5 is arranged at the rear end. By controlling the telescopic length of the flipping oil cylinder 5, the inclination angle of the inclined truss 4 is controlled, and then the angle of the material box 1 is controlled.

[0033] Example 2, as Figure 6 shown, the test method of the hydraulic transmission type coal mine mountain landslide speed control device provided by the present invention includes the following steps: S1, prototype analysis and similarity coefficient determination; S101, carefully analyze the geological conditions of the prototype landslide; systematically collect regional geological maps, borehole cores, geophysical exploration data (such as resistivity, seismic waves), topographic remote sensing images and long-term displacement monitoring records, and establish a unified geographic information database; through three-dimensional geological modeling software, spatially interpolate and reconstruct the stratigraphic interface, structural plane network and groundwater level surface. Use the Kriging method to eliminate data discreteness; combine geotechnical mechanics test data to conduct probability statistical analysis on the shear strength parameters of the slip zone soil, and use the Monte Carlo method to evaluate parameter sensitivity; finally, through the spatio-temporal coupling verification of multi-phase InSAR deformation data and numerical simulation results, identify the occurrence of the main control structural plane and the spatial form of the potential slip surface, and complete the quantitative characterization of the landslide model.

[0034] S102. Determine the similarity coefficient of the model test according to the similarity theory; in the landslide model test, its basic dimensions are mass , length and time ; Select geometry, mechanics, and motion quantities as the basic quantities independent of dimensions. Based on dimensional analysis, establish the similarity relationships of each physical quantity: Geometric parameters: ; In the formula, is the geometric scale coefficient between the model and the prototype, is the characteristic length of the prototype, is the characteristic length of the model; Mechanical parameters, the similarity ratio of elastic modulus is: ; In the formula, is the elastic modulus scale coefficient between the model and the prototype, is the stress scale coefficient between the model and the prototype; The similarity ratio of permeability coefficient is: ; In the formula, is the permeability coefficient scale coefficient between the model and the prototype, is the time scale coefficient between the model and the prototype; Dynamic parameters, acceleration similarity ratio: ; In the formula, is the acceleration scale coefficient between the model and the prototype; Velocity similarity ratio: ; In the formula, is the velocity scale coefficient between the model and the prototype; Displacement: ; In the formula, is the displacement scale coefficient between the model and the prototype.

[0035] S2. Similar material preparation design; Design a mixing ratio plan based on the technical characteristics designed according to the principles of materials science. When designing the mixing ratio, use the mechanical similarity ratio in the similarity theory as a constraint, and adopt the orthogonal test method to optimize the composite ratios of aggregate (quartz sand / barite powder to adjust density), cementitious agent (gypsum / cement to control the c value), and toughening phase (fiber / polymer to control brittleness). Balance the porosity and permeability by controlling the water-cement ratio (0.3 - 0.45) and the grading curve; finally, verify the strain hardening, dilatancy characteristics, and long-term stability of the model material through triaxial shear and creep tests, ensure that its stress-strain curve is consistent with the prototype rock and soil on the normalized scale, and achieve cross-scale equivalent simulation of geomechanical behavior.

[0036] Through systematic triaxial shear tests and creep tests, the characteristics of the material can be comprehensively verified by the following steps: Strain hardening: Confirmed by the monotonically increasing characteristic of the stress-strain curve; Dilatancy characteristics: Quantified by calculating the positive and negative of the volumetric strain and the dilatancy angle; Long-term stability: Evaluated by the duration of the steady state stage of the creep curve and the absence of accelerated failure phenomena; Finally, the matching degree between the test data and the theoretical model will verify the reliability of the material model.

[0037] S3. Detect the physical and mechanical properties of the material; Use advanced equipment and methods to detect the physical and mechanical properties of the material; S301. Detect physical properties; Density and porosity: Measure the wet density by the cutting ring method , and calculate the porosity in combination with the drying method , is the dry density, is the particle density. Correct the pore distribution of inhomogeneous materials through an improved fractal pore model. The expression is: ; In the formula, is the corrected effective porosity, is the initial porosity calculated by the traditional method, are the maximum and minimum pore diameters respectively, is the pore fractal dimension, calibrated by the box-counting method of SEM images; Permeability coefficient: Based on the variable-head permeability test data, introduce the non-Darcy flow correction factor : ; In the formula, is the corrected permeability coefficient, is the experimentally measured permeability coefficient, is the hydraulic gradient, is the critical gradient; S302, mechanical property detection; The shear strength parameters, the cohesion and the internal friction angle are obtained by a direct shear apparatus or a triaxial apparatus , and the similarity ratio is optimized by combining with a non-linear strength envelope model. The expression is: ; In the formula, is the cohesion similarity ratio, is the density similarity ratio, is the stress level correction coefficient, is the normal stress, is the reference stress, is the geometric scale coefficient between the model and the prototype; The deformation modulus, using the stress-strain curve of the triaxial test, is characterized by a piecewise power function fitting to represent the strain hardening effect. The expression is: ; In the formula, is the initial modulus, is the critical strain, is the hardening index, is the deformation modulus, is the strain.

[0038] S4. According to the similarity theory and the landslide dynamics principle, the expected velocity, acceleration distance and parking height are calculated by using mathematical and numerical methods; According to the similarity theory and the landslide dynamics principle, the expected velocity, acceleration distance and parking height are accurately calculated by using mathematical and numerical methods. Through iteration and error analysis, the results are ensured to be accurate and reliable; specifically including: S401, dynamic modeling and similarity law correction; Assume that the landslide body is subjected to the action of gravity, basal friction and internal shear resistance, and its motion equation is: ; In the formula, is the mass of the landslide body, is the velocity of the landslide body, is the time, is the gravitational acceleration, is the contact area of the sliding surface, is the inclination angle of the material box, is the basal friction coefficient, is the shear strength of the soil in the slip zone, ; is the cohesion, is the internal friction angle; Similarity law scaling: According to the Froude similarity criterion Convert the prototype parameters (subscript ) to model parameters (subscript ): ; ; ; In the formula, is the velocity in the model experiment, is the actual velocity of the prototype landslide, is the acceleration in the model experiment, is the actual acceleration of the prototype landslide, is the shear strength of the model material, is the shear strength of the model landslide; S402, Numerical solution and acceleration distance calculation; Using the improved Runge - Kutta method (RK4), discretize the motion equation as: ; Adopt the fourth - order Runge - Kutta method to iteratively solve for velocity and displacement: ; ; ; ; ; ; In the formula, are all the slopes of the Runge - Kutta method, is the velocity at the th time step, is the displacement at the th time step, is the time step size, is the velocity at the th time step, is the time point at the th time step, is the displacement at the th time step; The acceleration distance is defined as the displacement when the velocity reaches the stable value , and judge convergence by monitoring the velocity change rate ; S403, Parking height calculation and energy conservation correction; The energy balance equation, the sliding body slides from the initial height to the parking height , the mechanical energy loss is the frictional work: ; In the formula, is the total sliding distance of the landslide body from the start of sliding to complete stop, is the displacement variable on the sliding path; For numerical integration, the sliding path is discretized into segments, and the displacement increment of each segment is , and the parking height is iteratively calculated: ; In the formula, is the parking height obtained from the th iterative calculation, is the friction coefficient on the th segment of the sliding path, is the shear strength on the th segment of the sliding distance, is the displacement increment on the th segment of the sliding distance; The velocity-dependent friction coefficient is introduced to enhance the nonlinear characterization ability of the model, is the rate effect coefficient, is the basic friction coefficient, is the instantaneous velocity of the landslide body.

[0039] S5. According to the landslide movement characteristics and observation requirements, determine the type, quantity, and location of sensors, monitor and record the changes in landslide movement parameters, and form a complete monitoring network; For displacement monitoring, a laser displacement meter (accuracy ±0.01 mm) and high-frequency InSAR (sampling rate 50 ) are used to cover the key points on the surface of the landslide body, and the layout density follows the Nyquist theorem (spacing ≤ landslide wavelength / 2).

[0040] For acceleration acquisition, a three-axis MEMS accelerometer (range ±50 g, bandwidth 1 ) is embedded inside the landslide body and arranged according to a hexahedron grid, and the node spacing is determined by the thickness of the landslide body ( ).

[0041] For strain field capture, distributed fiber optic sensing (BOTDR) is laid along the slip zone, with a spatial resolution of 1 m and a strain sensitivity of ±10 .

[0042] S6. Adjust the angle of the material box, and adjust the rotation angle of the material box according to the similarity coefficient and the prototype inclination angle; Pay attention to the influence of minor changes, repeatedly verify and fine-tune, and approach the actual inclination state. Control the inclination angle of the inclined truss by controlling the elongation of the flipping oil cylinder 5, and then control the inclination angle of the landslide material; therefore, consider the initial elongation of the flipping oil cylinder 5, the distance from the flipping oil cylinder 5 to the flipping support seat, and the distance from the intersection of the flipping support seat and the inclined truss to the intersection of the flipping oil cylinder 5 and the inclined truss as a triangle; assume the initial length of the flipping oil cylinder 5 is and the corresponding initial angle is , the distance from the top of the flipping oil cylinder 5 to the flipping support seat is , and the distance from the intersection of the flipping support seat and the inclined truss to the intersection of the flipping oil cylinder 5 and the inclined truss is ; assume the inclination angle of the prototype landslide is , when the angle of the triangle changes from to , the elongation of the hydraulic jack is . Establish the function expression between and ; According to the cosine theorem: ; When the side becomes later, the corresponding angle satisfies: ; Subtract these two equations: ; After arrangement: ; S7. Conduct landslide model tests and clean and maintain the material box; The landslide model test includes: after preparation, conduct tests according to the plan. Use high-speed cameras, data acquisition systems, etc. to observe and record the whole process of landslide movement, record abnormalities, and ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data.

[0043] The cleaning and maintenance of the material box includes: clean the material box in time after the test, remove the residual materials, check and maintain the structure and components, and ensure the stable operation of the test conditions and devices for the next test.

[0044] As mentioned above, it is only a relatively optimal specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test method for a hydraulically driven coal mine landslide speed control device, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, prototype analysis and similarity coefficient determination; S2, similar material formulation design; S3, testing the physical and mechanical properties of materials; S4, based on similarity theory and landslide dynamics principles, mathematical and numerical methods are used to calculate the expected speed, acceleration distance and parking height; S5, according to the characteristics of landslide movement and observation requirements, determine the type, quantity and location of sensors, monitor and record the changes in landslide movement parameters, and form a complete monitoring network; S6, material box angle adjustment, adjust the material box rotation angle according to the similarity coefficient and the prototype tilt angle; S7, conduct landslide model test and material box cleaning and maintenance.

2. The test method of the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, prototype analysis and similarity coefficient determination include: S101, analyze the geological conditions of the prototype landslide and complete the quantitative characterization of the landslide model; S102, determine the similarity coefficient of the model test based on the similarity theory; in the landslide model test, the basic dimension is mass length and time ; Select geometry, mechanics and motion as dimensionally independent basic quantities, and establish similar relationships among physical quantities based on dimensional analysis: Geometric parameters: ； In the formula, is the geometric scale factor between the model and the prototype, is the prototype characteristic length, is the model characteristic length; Mechanical parameters, elastic modulus similarity ratio is: ； In the formula, is the proportionality coefficient of elastic modulus between the model and the prototype, is the stress proportionality coefficient between the model and the prototype; The similarity ratio of permeability coefficient is: ； In the formula, is the proportionality coefficient between the model and the prototype permeability coefficient, is the time ratio coefficient between the model and the prototype; Dynamic parameters, acceleration similarity ratio: ； In the formula, is the acceleration proportionality coefficient between the model and the prototype; Speed ​​similarity ratio: ； In the formula, is the speed ratio coefficient between the model and the prototype; Displacement: ； In the formula, is the displacement proportionality coefficient between the model and the prototype.

3. The test method of the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, similar materials are formulated and designed, including: Taking the mechanical similarity ratio in similarity theory as a constraint, the orthogonal experimental method is used to optimize the composite ratio of aggregate, cementitious agent and toughening phase, and the porosity and permeability are balanced by controlling the water-cement ratio and grading curve. Finally, triaxial shear and creep tests are used to verify the strain hardening, shear dilatancy and long-term stability of the model material, so that the stress-strain curve is consistent with that of the prototype rock and soil at the normalized scale, realizing the cross-scale equivalent simulation of geomechanical behavior.

4. The test method of the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, the physical and mechanical properties of the material are detected, including: S301, physical property testing; Density and porosity, wet density determined by knife-ring method , combined with the drying method to calculate the porosity , is the dry density, is the particle density, and the pore distribution of heterogeneous materials is corrected by the improved fractal pore model, and the expression is: ； In the formula, is the corrected effective porosity, is the initial porosity calculated by the traditional method, are the maximum and minimum pore diameters, is the pore fractal dimension, which is calibrated by the SEM image box counting method; Permeability coefficient, based on variable head permeability test data, introducing non-Darcy flow correction factor : ； In the formula, is the corrected permeability coefficient, is the experimentally measured permeability coefficient, is the hydraulic gradient, is the critical gradient; S302, mechanical properties test; Shear strength parameters, cohesion obtained by direct shear or triaxial test and internal friction angle , combined with the nonlinear intensity envelope model to optimize the similarity ratio, the expression is: ； In the formula, is the cohesion similarity ratio, is the density similarity ratio, is the stress level correction factor, is the normal stress, is the reference stress, is the geometric scale factor between the model and the prototype; The deformation modulus is characterized by the strain hardening effect using the triaxial test stress-strain curve and piecewise power function fitting, and the expression is: ； In the formula, is the initial modulus, is the critical strain, is the hardening index, is the deformation modulus, For strain.

5. The test method of the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S4, the expected speed, acceleration distance and parking height are calculated using mathematical and numerical methods based on similarity theory and landslide dynamics principles, including: S401, Dynamic modeling and similarity law correction; Assuming that the sliding body is subject to gravity, base friction and internal shear resistance, the motion equation is: ； In the formula, is the mass of the landslide, is the landslide velocity, For time, is the acceleration due to gravity, is the sliding surface contact area, is the inclination angle of the material box, is the base friction coefficient, is the shear strength of sliding zone soil, ; For cohesion, is the internal friction angle; Similarity Scaling: Convert prototype parameters to model parameters according to the Froude similarity criterion: ； ； ； In the formula, is the speed in the model experiment, is the actual velocity of the prototype landslide, is the acceleration in the model experiment, is the actual acceleration of the prototype landslide, is the shear strength of the model material, is the shear strength of the model landslide; S402, numerical solution and acceleration distance calculation; The improved Runge-Kutta method discretizes the equation of motion into: ； The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to iteratively solve the velocity and displacement: ； ； ； ； ； ； In the formula, are the slopes of the Runge-Kutta method, For the The speed of the time step, For the The displacement of the time step, is the time step, For the The speed of the time step, For the The time point of the time step, For the The displacement of the time step; The acceleration distance is defined as the time when the speed reaches a stable value. Displacement , by monitoring the speed change rate , determine convergence; S403, parking height calculation and energy conservation correction; Energy balance equation, the sliding body from the initial height Slide to parking height , the mechanical energy loss is the friction work: ； In the formula, is the total sliding distance of the landslide from the beginning of sliding to the complete stop, is the displacement variable on the sliding path; Numerical integration is used to discretize the sliding path into Segment, displacement increment per segment , parking height iterative calculation: ； In the formula, For the The parking height calculated by the iteration is For the The friction coefficient on the sliding path, For the Shear strength over a sliding distance, For the Displacement increment over the sliding distance; Introducing speed-dependent friction coefficient , enhance the nonlinear characterization capability of the model, is the rate effect coefficient, is the basic friction coefficient, is the instantaneous velocity of the landslide.

6. The test method of the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S5, the sensor type, quantity and location are determined, including: Displacement monitoring, using laser displacement meters and high-frequency InSAR, covering the sliding surface; Acceleration acquisition: triaxial MEMS accelerometers are embedded in the sliding body and arranged in a hexahedral grid. The node spacing is determined by the thickness of the sliding body. Decide, ; Strain field capture,distributed fiber optic sensing is laid along the sliding belt.

7. The test method of the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S6, adjusting the rotation angle of the material box includes: The tilt angle of the tilt truss is controlled by controlling the elongation of the flip cylinder fluid, and the tilt angle of the landslide material is controlled; the initial elongation of the flip cylinder, the distance from the flip cylinder to the flip support seat, and the distance from the intersection of the flip support seat and the tilt truss to the intersection of the flip cylinder and the tilt truss are taken as a triangle; the initial length of the flip cylinder is The corresponding initial angle is , the distance from the top of the flip cylinder to the flip support seat is , the distance from the intersection of the flip support seat and the tilt truss to the intersection of the flip cylinder and the tilt truss is ; Assume the inclination angle of the prototype landslide is , when the angle of the triangle is arrive When the hydraulic jack extends ;Establish and Function expression of ; By the law of cosines: ； When the side becomes After that, the corresponding angle satisfy: ； Subtract these two expressions: ； Arranged: 。 8. The test method of the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S7, a landslide model test and material box cleaning and maintenance are performed, including: using a high-speed camera and a data acquisition system to observe and record the entire process of landslide movement and record abnormalities; Material box cleaning and maintenance include: cleaning the material box in time after the test, removing residual materials, and checking and maintaining structures and components.

9. A hydraulically driven coal mine landslide speed control device, characterized in that: The device implements the test method of the hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and the device comprises: a material box (1) for containing landslide material and a tilting truss (4) located below the material box and used to fix the acceleration mechanism, and a tilting cylinder (5) for adjusting the angle of the material box (1); the tilting truss (4) is connected to the base truss (9) through the tilting cylinder (5); a tilting support seat (6) is provided at the front end of the base truss (9); the tilting cylinder (5) is installed at the rear end of the base truss (9); A high-speed oil cylinder (7), a guide rod (3), and a guide rail (2) are installed in the inclined truss (4), and a power source is provided to the material box 1 through the high-speed oil cylinder (7); A card slot is provided at the bottom of the material box (1), and a buckle (14) is installed at the bottom of the material box (1); the buckle (14) is matched in the card slot; A hydraulic door opening device is installed on the side of the front edge of the material box (1), and the hydraulic door opening device comprises a baffle lock (11), a hydraulic rod (10) and a material box door opening device (12); the baffle lock (11) and the hydraulic rod (10) are used in conjunction with each other, and when the front edge of the material box (1) is accelerated to the front end of the inclined truss (4), the baffle lock (11) is rotated upward by the pulling force of the hydraulic rod (10), and the front side baffle of the material box door opening device (12) is pulled by the spring device (13), so that the front side baffle of the material box door opening device (12) is opened, and the landslide material in the material box (1) is released.

10. The hydraulic transmission type coal mine landslide speed control device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The buckle (14) is engaged with the front of the high-speed oil cylinder (7), and the high-speed oil cylinder (7) provides power to the material box (1), thereby driving the material box (1) to accelerate downward along the longitudinal guide rail (2) through a plurality of pulleys (8) installed at the bottom of the material box (1), and the buckle (14) is connected to the guide pull rod (3), and the guide pull rod (3) is matched in the slot; The flip support seat (6) provided at the front end of the base truss (9) is used as a support point when the tilting truss (4) is flipped, and controls the telescopic length of the flip cylinder (5) provided at the rear end to control the tilting angle of the tilting truss (4), thereby controlling the angle of the material box (1).

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