Ultrasonic wind speed and wind direction measuring device and measuring method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device and method. The ultrasonic wind speed and wind direction measuring device comprises a first ultrasonic probe group and a second ultrasonic probe group, the first ultrasonic probe group comprises a horizontal transmitting probe and four horizontal receiving probes which are located in an xy plane, the four horizontal receiving probes are distributed on a circumference at equal angles, and the horizontal transmitting probe is located at the circle center of the circumference; the working surface of the horizontal receiving probe faces the horizontal transmitting probe; the second ultrasonic probe set comprises a vertical transmitting probe and two vertical receiving probes which are arranged in the z-axis direction, the two vertical receiving probes are arranged on the two sides of the vertical transmitting probe at equal intervals, and the working faces of the vertical receiving probes face the vertical transmitting probe. According to the invention, signal detection is carried out in a three-dimensional star ring measurement mode, the cost of the whole system is reduced, the calculation mode is simplified, and continuous, rapid and accurate measurement results in severe environments such as rapid airflow change and the like are effectively realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention particularly relates to an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device and a measuring method, belonging to the technical field of ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement. Background Art

[0002] In the field of wind speed and direction measurement, ultrasonic measurement technology has been widely used due to its advantages such as non-contact, no mechanical wear, fast response speed, and strong environmental adaptability. However, in complex airflow environments, such as turbulence, vortex, sudden wind direction changes, etc., traditional ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring devices face a series of challenges, resulting in difficulties in meeting the actual requirements for measurement accuracy and stability. Traditional ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring devices are often severely interfered with, leading to a significant decrease in measurement accuracy.

[0003] Traditional ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring devices usually adopt a layout where ultrasonic transmitting probes and ultrasonic receiving probes are arranged in pairs opposite to each other, and calculate the wind speed and direction by measuring the propagation time of ultrasonic waves in the air. However, this layout has the following problems. For example, cross-interference occurs. In a complex airflow environment, it is easy to produce a superposition effect of frequency and phase between the intersecting ultrasonic waves, resulting in measurement errors, and the best way is to avoid it from the system design. In addition, the problem of discontinuous measurement is that since the probes in traditional devices usually adopt piezoelectric disks, the ultrasonic waves emitted have a certain directivity and range, and the beam is emitted in a small conical shape. This single-point or small-number-of-point measurement method is prone to signal drift in a complex airflow environment, making it difficult to achieve continuous and stable wind speed and direction measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device and a measuring method, aiming to solve the problem of wind speed and direction measurement failure caused by signal drift in a complex airflow environment, and to simplify the calculation process, reduce the measurement cost, and improve the measurement efficiency, thereby overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention include: In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device, which includes: a first ultrasonic probe group and a second ultrasonic probe group arranged at intervals, the first ultrasonic probe group includes a horizontal transmitting probe located in the xy plane of a three-dimensional coordinate system and four horizontal receiving probes, the four horizontal receiving probes are equally angularly distributed on a circumference, the horizontal transmitting probe is located at the center of the circumference, and the working surfaces of the horizontal receiving probes face the horizontal transmitting probe; The second ultrasonic probe group includes a vertical transmitting probe arranged along the z-axis direction of the three-dimensional coordinate system and two vertical receiving probes. The two vertical receiving probes are arranged on both sides of the vertical transmitting probe at equal intervals, and the working surfaces of the vertical receiving probes face the vertical transmitting probe.

[0006] Further, the four horizontal receiving probes are combined into two horizontally opposed horizontal receiving probe groups. One of the horizontal receiving probe groups includes two of the horizontal receiving probes arranged opposite to each other along the x-axis direction of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and the other horizontal receiving probe group includes two of the horizontal receiving probes arranged opposite to each other along the y-axis direction of the three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0007] Further, the center line of the horizontal receiving probe is parallel to the x-axis or the y-axis, the center line of the horizontal transmitting probe is parallel to the z-axis, the center line of the vertical receiving probe is parallel to the z-axis, and the center line of the vertical transmitting probe is parallel to the xy plane.

[0008] Further, the working surface of the horizontal transmitting probe is parallel to the xy plane of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and the working surface of the vertical transmitting probe is parallel to the xz plane or the yz plane of the three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0009] Further, one of the vertical receiving probes located at the uppermost position is arranged below the xy plane where the first ultrasonic probe group is located along the z-axis direction.

[0010] Further, the horizontal distance R1 between the horizontal receiving probe and the horizontal transmitting probe is equal to the vertical distance R2 between the vertical receiving probe and the vertical transmitting probe.

[0011] Further, the horizontal transmitting probe and the vertical transmitting probe are both piezoelectric ceramic tube ultrasonic probes, and the horizontal receiving probe and the vertical receiving probe are both piezoelectric disc ultrasonic probes.

[0012] In a more specific implementation, the wind speed and direction measuring device further includes: a mounting table and a support frame. The support frame is fixedly arranged on the tabletop of the mounting table. The first ultrasonic probe group and the second ultrasonic probe group are arranged on the support frame, or the first ultrasonic probe group is arranged on the support frame, the vertical transmitting probe and one of the vertical receiving probes in the second ultrasonic probe group are arranged on the support frame, and the other vertical receiving probe is arranged on the tabletop of the mounting table. The tabletop of the mounting table is parallel to the xy plane.

[0013] Further, the support frame includes a first support frame and a second support frame. The first support frame and the second support frame are fixedly arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction on the tabletop of the mounting table. The first ultrasonic probe group and the second ultrasonic probe group are respectively arranged on the first support frame and the second support frame. Alternatively, the first ultrasonic probe group is arranged on the first support frame, the vertical transmitting probe and one vertical receiving probe in the second ultrasonic probe group are arranged on the second support frame, and the other vertical receiving probe is arranged on the tabletop of the mounting table.

[0014] Further, the first support frame includes a first support column, a horizontal mounting seat and four horizontal measuring arms. The first support column is fixedly arranged on the tabletop of the mounting table. The horizontal mounting seat is fixedly arranged on the first support column. The four horizontal measuring arms are fixedly arranged on the horizontal mounting seat at equal angles. The horizontal transmitting probe is fixedly arranged on the horizontal mounting seat. The four horizontal receiving probes are respectively arranged on the four horizontal measuring arms in one-to-one correspondence. The second support frame includes a second support column and three vertical measuring arms. The second support column is fixedly arranged on the tabletop of the mounting table. The three vertical measuring arms are fixedly arranged on the second support column at equal intervals along the axial direction of the second support column. The vertical transmitting probe and the two vertical receiving probes are respectively arranged on the three vertical measuring arms in one-to-one correspondence. Alternatively, the second support frame includes a second support column and two vertical measuring arms. The second support column is fixedly arranged on the tabletop of the mounting table. The two vertical measuring arms are fixedly arranged on the second support column at intervals along the axial direction of the second support column. A vertical measuring arm is also fixedly arranged on the tabletop of the mounting table. The three vertical measuring arms are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the second support column. The vertical transmitting probe and the two vertical receiving probes are respectively arranged on the three vertical measuring arms in one-to-one correspondence. The axes of the first support column and the second support column are parallel to the z-axis.

[0015] The second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring wind speed and wind direction, which includes: Placing the ultrasonic wind speed and wind direction measuring device in a measurement environment; Setting the horizontal distance between the horizontal receiving probe and the horizontal transmitting probe and the vertical distance between the vertical receiving probe and the vertical transmitting probe to d; Setting the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the air as V c , the measured wind speed is V, then the downwind speed of the ultrasonic wave is , the downwind propagation time is t1, and the upwind speed of the ultrasonic wave is , The headwind propagation time is t2, and the measured wind speed V is obtained according to the following formula 1): 1) The wind speeds V X , V y , V z in the x, y, and z directions are calculated and obtained according to formula 1), and the azimuth angle θ and the elevation angle are calculated, and the wind speed vector is obtained, so as to obtain the synthetic wind speed and wind direction of the three-dimensional vector. .

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include: An ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device and a measuring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention effectively improve the measuring accuracy of wind speed and direction in a complex airflow environment through an ultrasonic sensor group with a three-dimensional star ring array structure, and realize continuous and stable measurement of wind speed and direction, having significant technical advantages and practical application values.

[0017] An ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of compact structure, accurate measurement, good stability, and strong environmental adaptability, and is widely applicable to fields such as meteorological monitoring, environmental monitoring, and wind energy utilization, having significant social and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a side view of an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a top view of an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a working schematic diagram of horizontal measurement by a first (horizontal) ultrasonic probe group in an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 , Figure 6 is a working schematic diagram of vertical measurement by a second (vertical) ultrasonic probe group in an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a spatial schematic diagram of the wind speed vector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0019] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, through long-term research and a large number of practices, the inventors of this case were able to propose the technical solution of the present invention. The following will further explain the technical solution, its implementation process and principles, etc. in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation cases. Unless otherwise specified, the risk microprocessor, control circuit, A / D conversion circuit, communication circuit, filtering circuit, power conversion circuit, etc. required for wind speed and direction measurement involved in the embodiments of the present invention are all known in the art. The circuit connection structures between them are known in the art and can all be obtained through commercial purchase. In addition, the piezoelectric ceramic tube ultrasonic probe and the piezoelectric disc ultrasonic probe involved in the embodiments of the present invention are also known in the art and can be obtained through commercial purchase. The specific models thereof are not limited herein.

[0020] In a relatively typical implementation case, an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement device includes an installation platform 1, a support frame, a control module, a first ultrasonic probe group, and a second ultrasonic probe group. The support frame is fixedly arranged on the installation platform 1. The first ultrasonic probe group and the second ultrasonic probe group are arranged on the support frame at intervals in the horizontal direction. The control module is integrally arranged in the installation platform 1. The first ultrasonic probe group and the second ultrasonic probe group are respectively connected to the control module. The first ultrasonic probe group is used to collect wind speed and direction parameters in the horizontal direction, and the second ultrasonic probe group is used to collect wind speed and direction parameters in the vertical direction (i.e., the z direction). The control module is used to process the wind speed and direction parameters collected by the first ultrasonic probe group and the second ultrasonic probe group, and obtain the wind speed and direction synthesized by three-dimensional vectors.

[0021] Specifically, the structure of the control module is known in the art. More specifically, the control module includes components required by systems such as a microprocessor, a control circuit, an A / D conversion circuit, a communication circuit, a filtering circuit, and a power conversion circuit. The circuit connection structures between the components are also known in the art and are not specifically limited herein.

[0022] Specifically, please refer to Figures 1 - 5 , the support frame includes a first support frame and a second support frame. The first support frame includes a first support column 2, a horizontal mounting base 3, and four horizontal measuring arms 4. The first support column 2 is vertically and fixedly arranged on the tabletop of the installation platform 1. The horizontal mounting base 3 is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the top of the first support column 2. The four horizontal measuring arms 4 are fixedly arranged on the horizontal mounting base 3 at equal angles along the circumference of the horizontal mounting base 3. The second support frame includes a second support column 6 and three vertical measuring arms. The second support column 6 is vertically and fixedly arranged on the tabletop of the installation platform 1. The three vertical measuring arms are fixedly arranged on the second support column 6 at equal intervals along the axis of the second support column 6.

[0023] Specifically, the tabletop of the installation table 1 is parallel to the xy plane of a three-dimensional coordinate system. The axes of the first support column 2 and the second support column 6 are parallel to the z axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system. The structures of the four horizontal measuring arms 4 can be the same. Exemplarily, the horizontal measuring arm 4 can be an L-shaped measuring arm. One end of the horizontal measuring arm 4 is fixedly connected to the horizontal mounting base 3, and the other end serves as the mounting end. The mounting ends of the four horizontal measuring arms 4 are located in the same horizontal plane. The four horizontal measuring arms 4 are pairwise opposite. Specifically, two of the four horizontal measuring arms 4 are arranged opposite to each other along the x axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and the other two are arranged opposite to each other along the y axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system. The center lines of the mounting ends of the four horizontal measuring arms 4 and the center line of the horizontal mounting base 3 are all parallel to the z axis. The horizontal distances between the center lines of the mounting ends of the four horizontal measuring arms 4 and the center line of the horizontal mounting base 3 are equal.

[0024] Specifically, the three vertical measuring arms are located on the side of the second support column 6 facing away from the first support column 2. One end of the three vertical measuring arms facing away from the second support column 6 is the mounting end. In the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between the first support column 2 and the second support column 6 is greater than the horizontal distance between the horizontal measuring arm 4 and the first support column 2, that is, the horizontal measuring arm 4 has no contact and no intersection with the second support column 6 and the vertical measuring arms. Specifically, the center line of the mounting end of the vertical measuring arm is parallel to the xy plane, and the vertical distances between the center lines of the mounting ends of the three vertical measuring arms are equal. The mounting ends of the three vertical measuring arms are located in the same vertical plane. More specifically, the three vertical measuring arms can be defined as the upper vertical measuring arm 8, the middle vertical measuring arm 9, and the lower vertical measuring arm 10. The horizontal height of the position where the upper vertical measuring arm 8 is located is preferably lower than the horizontal height of the position where the mounting end of the horizontal measuring arm 4 is located, as Figure 2 shown. It should be noted that the lower vertical measuring arm 10 can also be fixedly arranged on the tabletop of the installation table 1. More specifically, the upper vertical measuring arm 8 can be fixed to the second support column 6 via the upper vertical mounting base 5, and the middle vertical measuring arm 9 can be fixed to the second support column 6 via the middle vertical mounting base 6.

[0025] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4, the first ultrasonic probe group includes a horizontal transmitting probe 12 and four horizontal receiving probes 11. The horizontal transmitting probe 12 is arranged on the horizontal mounting base 3, and the four horizontal receiving probes 11 are respectively arranged on the mounting ends of the four horizontal measuring arms 4 one by one. A horizontal transmitting probe 12 and four horizontal receiving probes 11 are located in the xy plane of a three-dimensional coordinate system. The four horizontal receiving probes 11 are equally angularly distributed on a circle, the horizontal transmitting probe 12 is located at the center of the circle, and the four horizontal receiving probes 11 are distributed in a star-ring pattern around the horizontal transmitting probe 12. The horizontal distance between the horizontal transmitting probe 12 and the four horizontal receiving probes 11 is all R1. The working surface of the horizontal transmitting probe 12 faces upward along the z-axis, that is, the working surface of the horizontal transmitting probe 12 is parallel to the xy plane, and the working surface of the horizontal receiving probe 11 faces the horizontal transmitting probe 12. Specifically, the four horizontal receiving probes 11 are combined into two groups of horizontal receiving probes 11, and each group of horizontal receiving probes 11 contains two horizontal receiving probes 11. One group of horizontal receiving probes 11 contains two horizontal receiving probes 11 arranged oppositely along the x-axis direction, and the other group of horizontal receiving probes 11 contains two horizontal receiving probes 11 arranged oppositely along the y-axis direction.

[0026] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the second ultrasonic probe group includes a vertical transmitting probe 14 arranged along the z-axis direction of the three-dimensional coordinate system and two vertical receiving probes 13. A vertical transmitting probe 14 and two vertical receiving probes 13 are respectively arranged on three vertical measuring arms one by one. A vertical transmitting probe 14 and two vertical receiving probes 13 are located in the same vertical plane. The two vertical receiving probes 13 are equally spaced on both sides of the vertical transmitting probe 14. The working surface of the vertical receiving probe 13 faces the vertical transmitting probe 14, and the working surface of the vertical transmitting probe 14 is horizontally oriented, that is, the working surface of the vertical transmitting probe 14 is parallel to the xz plane or the yz plane of the three-dimensional coordinate system. And the horizontal distance R1 between the horizontal receiving probe 11 and the horizontal transmitting probe 12 is equal to the vertical distance R2 between the vertical receiving probe 13 and the vertical transmitting probe 14. The uppermost one of the vertical receiving probes 13 is arranged below the xy plane where the first ultrasonic probe group is located along the z-axis direction.

[0027] Specifically, the center line of the horizontal receiving probe 11 is parallel to the x-axis or the y-axis, the center line of the horizontal transmitting probe 12 is parallel to the z-axis, the center line of the vertical receiving probe 13 is parallel to the z-axis, and the center line of the vertical transmitting probe 14 is parallel to the xy plane. Specifically, both the horizontal transmitting probe 12 and the vertical transmitting probe 14 are piezoelectric ceramic tube ultrasonic probes (sensors), and both the horizontal receiving probe 11 and the vertical receiving probe 13 are piezoelectric disc ultrasonic probes (sensors).

[0028] In the present invention, the four horizontal receiving probes 11 are evenly distributed at equal angles and at equal distances around the horizontal transmitting probe 12 at the central position, forming a star-ring array distribution. The five probes are located in the same horizontal plane, forming a horizontal ultrasonic measurement working plane. With a single signal output from the horizontal transmitting probe 12, the time differences of the downwind and upwind in both the x and y directions in the horizontal plane can be obtained simultaneously, highly simplifying the conventional method of switching between opposite directions of transmission. It can also ensure that in a complex and turbulent laminar flow, the measurement device of the present invention can effectively, stably, and continuously collect corresponding data. The 360-degree emission range of the piezoelectric tube ultrasonic probe truly solves the volatility of signal drift caused by the influence of air flow and the resulting discontinuity of measurement data. The two vertical receiving probes 13 and the vertical transmitting probe 14 are located on the same straight line and perpendicular to the xy plane. The vertical transmitting probe 14 is equidistant from the two vertical receiving probes 13, forming a star-ring array, thus forming a Z-direction ultrasonic measurement working plane. In the overall design, the horizontal measurement working surface and the vertical measurement working surface are staggered in spatial position to ensure that each probe works independently without signal interference, thereby ensuring the effective and accurate operation of the entire measurement system.

[0029] In a relatively typical implementation, a method for measuring wind speed and direction specifically includes: placing the wind speed and direction measurement device in the measurement environment; setting the horizontal distance between the horizontal receiving probe and the horizontal transmitting probe and the vertical distance between the vertical receiving probe and the vertical transmitting probe to d; setting the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the air as V c , the measured wind speed is V, then the downwind speed of the ultrasonic wave is , the downwind propagation time is t1, the upwind speed of the ultrasonic wave is , the upwind propagation time is t2, and the measured wind speed V is obtained according to the following formula 1): 1) The wind speeds V X , V y , and V z in the x, y, and z directions are calculated according to formula 1), and the azimuth angle θ (Azimuth) and elevation angle (Elevation) are calculated, and the wind speed vector is obtained, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional vector composite wind speed and direction, as shown in Figure 7 . Among them, the elevation angle is the vertical angle between the wind speed vector and the xy plane, and the azimuth angle is the angle with the reference direction in the xy plane. Exemplarily, the reference direction can be specified as the due north direction. .

[0030] Specifically, in the field of ultrasonic three-dimensional measurement of wind speed and direction, the present invention establishes a three-dimensional star-ring array measurement method. Four horizontal receiving probes are evenly distributed around a horizontal transmitting probe at 90-degree intervals, forming a star-ring array, which constitutes the measurement working groups in the x and y directions of the horizontal plane. Two vertical receiving probes are symmetrically arranged with a vertical transmitting probe as the center, forming the measurement working group in the z direction of the vertical plane. The interference between the two working groups is separated in the set area to ensure an independent operating space, avoiding the traditional ultrasonic measurement method of three-dimensional direction crossing of wind speed and direction, so as to avoid the risk of potential superposition effect in a complex environment.

[0031] Specifically. In the star-ring array design of the present invention, the transmitting probe is a strengthened piezoelectric ceramic tube ultrasonic probe, which emits ultrasonic waves in a 360-degree ring to form a continuous ultrasonic signal surface, without fear of the influence of harsh airflow environment, ensuring that each receiving ultrasonic probe can continuously and accurately capture the signal. The ultrasonic time-difference method for measuring wind speed and direction is based on the fact that the propagation speed of sound in the air is affected by the airflow speed in the wind direction. When the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave is the same as the wind direction, its propagation speed will increase; conversely, if the ultrasonic wave propagates against the wind, its speed will slow down. Therefore, under ordinary fixed detection conditions, the wind speed and direction are deduced by measuring the difference between the ultrasonic wave propagation time with the wind and against the wind. In the star-ring array method, the measurement method is further optimized. Since the ultrasonic waves are emitted in opposite directions on the same straight line, two groups of data with the wind and against the wind can be obtained immediately, thus greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy.

[0032] The module design of an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement device in the present invention during ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement is shown in Table 1: Table 1 Module composition and operation instructions of the ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement device

[0033] Assume that the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the air is V c , the measured wind speed is V, the measurement distance between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe is d, the wind speed increases to when with the wind, and the measured propagation time is t1. The wind speed slows down to when against the wind, and the measured propagation time is t2. Thus, we can obtain: Propagation time t1 in the with-wind direction: ; Propagation time t2 in the against-wind direction: ; By measuring the time difference Δt between these two times, , the wind speed V can be obtained: ; The wind speeds V in the x, y, and z directions are obtained for each direction X 、Vy , V z , thus obtaining the synthetic wind speed and direction of the three-dimensional vector, usually by calculating two angles to complete the wind speed vector: the azimuth angle θ (Azimuth) and the elevation angle (Elevation), .

[0034] An ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device and a measuring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention aim to solve the problem of insufficient measurement accuracy of wind speed and direction in a complex airflow environment. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device provided by the embodiment of the present invention adopts an ultrasonic probe group with a three-dimensional star-ring array structure, and realizes high-precision continuous measurement of wind speed and direction through the mutual operation of the annular ultrasonic transmitting probe and the planar ultrasonic transmitting probe. The present invention uses a piezoelectric disc ultrasonic probe to receive the signal emitted from the piezoelectric tube ultrasonic probe as the emission center, effectively eliminating the interference of natural wind in a turbulent fluctuation state on signal acquisition, effectively ensuring the coherence of detection, avoiding the cross-interference generated by the three groups of signals that are opposite to each other in the traditional three-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement method, and at the same time realizing two groups of mutually opposite measurement data in each direction, greatly improving the robustness of the entire wind speed and direction measurement and achieving a more accurate measurement effect.

[0035] The layout of the three-dimensional star-ring array provided by the embodiment of the present invention is different from the conventional ultrasonic probe (sensor) group that uses two-way transceiver. By using the three-dimensional star-ring measurement method for signal detection, not only can the wind speed and direction be measured with only a single transmitting ultrasonic wave and a single receiving ultrasonic wave sensor, reducing the cost of the entire system and simplifying the calculation method, but also the continuous, rapid and accurate measurement results can be effectively achieved in harsh environments such as rapid changes in turbulent airflow.

[0036] An ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device and a measuring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention effectively improve the measurement accuracy of wind speed and direction in a complex airflow environment through an ultrasonic sensor group with a three-dimensional star-ring array structure, realizing continuous and stable measurement of wind speed and direction, and having significant technical advantages and practical application values. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of compact structure, accurate measurement, good stability, and strong environmental adaptability, and is widely applicable to fields such as meteorological monitoring, environmental monitoring, and wind energy utilization, having significant social and economic benefits.

[0037] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal" and other terms indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In addition, it should also be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed installation, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0039] So far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device, characterized in that: include: A first ultrasonic probe group and a second ultrasonic probe group are arranged at intervals, wherein the first ultrasonic probe group includes a horizontal transmitting probe and four horizontal receiving probes located in an xy plane of a three-dimensional coordinate system, the four horizontal receiving probes are distributed at equal angles on a circle, the horizontal transmitting probe is located at the center of the circle, and the working surface of the horizontal receiving probe faces the horizontal transmitting probe; The second ultrasonic probe group includes a vertical transmitting probe and two vertical receiving probes arranged along the z-axis direction of the three-dimensional coordinate system. The two vertical receiving probes are arranged at equal intervals on both sides of the vertical transmitting probe, and the working surfaces of the vertical receiving probes face the vertical transmitting probe.

2. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four horizontal receiving probes are combined into two horizontal receiving probe groups that are opposite to each other, wherein one of the horizontal receiving probe groups includes two horizontal receiving probes that are relatively arranged along the x-axis direction of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and the other horizontal receiving probe group includes two horizontal receiving probes that are relatively arranged along the y-axis direction of the three-dimensional coordinate system.

3. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The center line of the horizontal receiving probe is parallel to the x-axis or the y-axis, the center line of the horizontal transmitting probe is parallel to the z-axis, the center line of the vertical receiving probe is parallel to the z-axis, and the center line of the vertical transmitting probe is parallel to the xy plane; And / or, the working surface of the horizontal transmitting probe is parallel to the xy plane of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and the working surface of the vertical transmitting probe is parallel to the xz plane or yz plane of the three-dimensional coordinate system.

4. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical receiving probe located at the top is arranged below the xy plane where the first ultrasonic probe group is located along the z-axis direction.

5. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A horizontal distance R1 between the horizontal receiving probe and the horizontal transmitting probe is equal to a vertical distance R2 between the vertical receiving probe and the vertical transmitting probe.

6. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal transmitting probe and the vertical transmitting probe are both piezoelectric ceramic tube ultrasonic probes, and the horizontal receiving probe and the vertical receiving probe are both piezoelectric disc ultrasonic probes.

7. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A mounting table and a support frame, wherein the support frame is fixedly arranged on the table top of the mounting table, and the first ultrasonic probe group and the second ultrasonic probe group are arranged on the support frame, or the first ultrasonic probe group is arranged on the support frame, the vertical transmitting probe and one vertical receiving probe of the second ultrasonic probe group are arranged on the support frame, and the other vertical receiving probe is arranged on the table top of the mounting table, and the table top of the mounting table is parallel to the xy plane.

8. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support frame includes a first support frame and a second support frame, and the first support frame and the second support frame are fixed on the table top of the mounting table at intervals in the horizontal direction. The first ultrasonic probe group and the second ultrasonic probe group are respectively arranged on the first support frame and the second support frame, or the first ultrasonic probe group is arranged on the first support frame, the vertical transmitting probe and one vertical receiving probe of the second ultrasonic probe group are arranged on the second support frame, and the other vertical receiving probe is arranged on the table top of the mounting table.

9. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first support frame includes a first support column, a horizontal mounting seat and four horizontal measuring arms, the first support column is fixedly arranged on the table surface of the mounting table, the horizontal mounting seat is fixedly arranged on the first support column, the four horizontal measuring arms are fixedly arranged on the horizontal mounting seat at equal angles, the horizontal transmitting probe is fixedly arranged on the horizontal mounting seat, and the four horizontal receiving probes are respectively arranged on the four horizontal measuring arms in a one-to-one correspondence; The second support frame includes a second support column and three vertical measuring arms, the second support column is fixedly arranged on the table top of the mounting table, the three vertical measuring arms are fixedly arranged on the second support column at equal intervals along the axial direction of the second support column, and the vertical transmitting probe and the two vertical receiving probes are respectively arranged on the three vertical measuring arms in a one-to-one correspondence, or the second support frame includes a second support column and two vertical measuring arms, the second support column is fixedly arranged on the table top of the mounting table, the two vertical measuring arms are fixedly arranged on the second support column at intervals along the axial direction of the second support column, a vertical measuring arm is also fixedly arranged on the table top of the mounting table, the three vertical measuring arms are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the second support column, and the vertical transmitting probe and the two vertical receiving probes are respectively arranged on the three vertical measuring arms in a one-to-one correspondence; Axes of the first support column and the second support column are parallel to the z-axis.

10. A method for measuring wind speed and direction, characterized in that: include: Placing the ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a measuring environment; The horizontal distance between the horizontal receiving probe and the horizontal transmitting probe, and the vertical distance between the vertical receiving probe and the vertical transmitting probe are set to d; Assume that the propagation speed of ultrasound in air is V c , the measured wind speed is V, then the downwind speed of the ultrasonic wave is , the downwind propagation time is t1, and the upwind speed of the ultrasonic wave is , the upwind propagation time is t2, and the measured wind speed is V according to the following formula 1), 1） According to formula 1), the wind speed V in the x, y, and z directions is calculated. X 、V y 、V z , calculate the azimuth angle θ and elevation angle , and obtain the wind speed vector, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional vector synthetic wind speed and wind direction, 。

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