Pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and water and soil conservation scheme design method, system and equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and water and soil conservation scheme design method, system and equipment and a storage medium. Relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring multiple groups of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography original data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle according to a time sequence, processing the multiple groups of unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography original data, and correspondingly generating multiple groups of digital surface models (DSM), digital orthographs (DOM) and digital three-dimensional models; the DSM, the DOM and the digital three-dimensional model are combined with an engineering design scheme to carry out measurement and calculation, and a design scheme of later water and soil conservation vegetation restoration is formed through vegetation carbon sequestration amount and soil carbon loss data. According to the method, DSM, DOM and digital three-dimensional models are generated mainly through remote sensing measurement of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and on the basis, water and soil loss prevention and control effects and implementation conditions of water and soil loss maintenance measures in various production and construction projects are analyzed, so that effective data information is provided for related departments, and the water and soil loss prevention and control effects are improved. The problems existing in existing pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and water and soil conservation supervision can be effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling and production, in particular to the technical field of pre-drilling engineering. More specifically, it relates to a method, system, device and storage medium for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering. Background Art

[0002] The traditional supervision method for soil and water conservation in production and construction projects is mainly on-site inspection, which has many limitations and defects:

[0003] First, it is inefficient and costly, requiring a large amount of time, manpower and material resources, and having to go to each project construction site.

[0004] Second, it is not comprehensive. Production and construction projects with a linear distribution have a wide disturbance range and a large span, and some sections are inaccessible due to inconvenient transportation. It is impossible to achieve comprehensive inspection, and supervision loopholes often occur.

[0005] Third, it is not timely. On-site inspection is generally carried out once a year, and it is impossible to quickly and timely detect soil and water loss that may occur at any time. For projects such as oil and gas pipelines, the disturbed area is large and the line is long, which may cause serious soil and water loss. However, its construction period is short, and it may have been completed by the time of on-site inspection, making it difficult to detect soil and water loss problems during the construction period.

[0006] Fourth, it is not accurate. On-site inspection can only qualitatively and intuitively determine the disturbed area, disturbed region, as well as the location and area of the spoil ground, rather than accurately measuring and positioning. It is impossible to determine whether the disturbance exceeds the scope of prevention and control responsibilities, the area of the excess part, whether the location of the spoil ground is consistent with the soil and water conservation plan design, and whether the soil and water conservation plan needs to be changed.

[0007] For example, in the published text of the invention patent application with the publication date of November 19, 2021, the publication number of CN113674121A, and the name of "Construction Planning Method, System, Intelligent Terminal and Storage Medium for Carbon Neutralization", this invention patent application relates to a construction planning method, system, intelligent terminal and storage medium for carbon neutralization, which belongs to the field of environmental management. The method includes dividing the engineering route into multiple measurement blocks; obtaining the current soil and water loss data corresponding to the monitoring points; reading the historical soil and water loss data corresponding to the monitoring points and calculating the loss improvement value; obtaining the current facility setting information within the measurement block; reading the historical facility setting information and calculating the facility addition data; calculating and obtaining the repair amplitude corresponding to each measurement block; calculating the facility addition cost corresponding to each measurement block; calculating the implementation cost performance data corresponding to each measurement block; obtaining the measurement block with the highest implementation cost performance and marking the obtained measurement block as the reference block; generating a benefit report and feeding back the benefit report to the administrator terminal.

[0008] The above-mentioned existing technologies need to collect current soil and water loss data, which are applied in engineering construction and are not applicable to pre-drilling projects. There are still problems of low efficiency, incompleteness, untimely and inaccurate supervision of soil and water conservation in current pre-drilling project production and construction projects. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to overcome the defects and deficiencies in the above-mentioned existing technologies, the present invention provides a method, system, device and storage medium for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling projects. The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of low efficiency, incompleteness, untimely and inaccurate supervision of soil and water conservation in current pre-drilling project production and construction projects. The present invention obtains multiple groups of original UAV aerial photography data collected by UAVs in chronological order and processes them to generate multiple groups of digital surface models (DSM), digital orthophoto maps (DOM) and digital three-dimensional models; uses DSM, DOM and digital three-dimensional models to calculate in combination with the engineering design plan, and forms a design plan for the later soil and water conservation vegetation restoration through the vegetation carbon sequestration amount and soil carbon loss data. The present invention mainly generates DSM, DOM and digital three-dimensional models through UAV remote sensing measurement. On this basis, it analyzes the effects of soil and water loss prevention and control and the implementation of soil and water loss maintenance measures in various production and construction projects, so as to provide effective data for relevant departments and effectively solve the problems existing in the supervision of carbon emissions and soil and water conservation in current pre-drilling projects.

[0010] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing technologies, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions.

[0011] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling projects, the method comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Obtain the original data of UAV aerial photography of the research area;

[0013] S2. Process the obtained original data of UAV aerial photography to form a digital surface model (DSM), a digital orthophoto map (DOM) and a digital three-dimensional model;

[0014] S3. Use the digital surface model and the digital orthophoto map to obtain the longitude, latitude and elevation information of the research area;

[0015] S4. Use the digital orthophoto map to outline the scope of the spoil ground in the research area and obtain the area of the spoil ground;

[0016] S5. Use the digital surface model to measure the stacking height and slope, outline the scope of the spoil ground, and perform cut and fill calculations through known ground control points and the terrain data in the pre-drilling project design plan to obtain the spoil volume;

[0017] S6. Calculate the carbon loss caused by stripping topsoil in pre-drilling engineering based on the area and volume of the spoil ground;

[0018] S7. Measure the indexes of soil and water conservation engineering measures using a digital three-dimensional model;

[0019] S8. Measure the indexes of temporary protection measures using a digital orthophoto map;

[0020] S9. Measure the data of vegetation types and vegetation carbon sequestration in the study area using a digital orthophoto map and ground survey data;

[0021] S10. Combine the carbon loss caused by stripping topsoil in pre-drilling engineering in the study area and the data of vegetation carbon sequestration to form a design plan for later soil and water conservation vegetation restoration.

[0022] Further preferably, in step S9, specifically, the drone tracking method is adopted to take photos of various vegetation, and combined with ground surveys, the spatial structure and time series are analyzed; then the digital orthophoto is interpreted and identified to obtain information on stand factors such as tree crown width, tree height, and vegetation coverage in the study area, and the standard tree method is used to estimate forest biomass, and then the vegetation carbon sequestration is estimated.

[0023] Even more preferably, the interpretation and identification of the digital orthophoto specifically include the following steps:

[0024] S901. Use the color space topology function to expand the RGB information of each pixel in the digital orthophoto map;

[0025] S902. Apply the pre-generated decision tree classification model to classify the pixels of shrubs and arbors in the digital orthophoto maps of different periods; obtain the classified vegetation classification map;

[0026] S903. Based on the classified vegetation classification map, calculate the coverage of shrubs and arbors respectively;

[0027] S904. Combine the tree crown width and tree height of the trees surveyed on the ground and the coverage of each vegetation type, use the standard tree method to estimate forest biomass, and estimate the vegetation carbon sequestration in the study area according to the estimated forest biomass and the vegetation carbon sequestration rate obtained from the ground survey.

[0028] Even more preferably, in step S903, the calculation formula for the coverage of shrubs and arbors is: FVC = (p i / p) × 100%, where FVC is the coverage of plants (shrubs or arbors), p i is the number of pixels of different types of plants (i = shrubs or arbors) in the vegetation classification map, and p is the total number of pixels in the vegetation classification map.

[0029] More preferably, in step S901, the color space is extended to color information with different characteristics in the color space 12 having RGB, HSV, L*a*b*, and XYZ.

[0030] More preferably, in step S902, the pre-generated decision tree classification model is generated by the following method:

[0031] Use image editing software to collect shrub and tree pixels in digital orthophoto maps at different times, and establish a sample training data set of different types of ground objects in a sample plot; use the sample training data set and based on the classification and regression decision tree algorithm, establish a binary tree classification model of color features and classification categories, and perform model pruning optimization to generate a decision tree classification model.

[0032] More preferably, the vegetation carbon sequestration rate is obtained by sampling each organ of different types of vegetation and measuring its carbon content.

[0033] Further preferably, in step S6, the carbon loss amount generated by stripping topsoil in pre-drilling engineering is obtained from the soil carbon storage.

[0034] More preferably, the soil carbon storage is obtained by sampling and measuring soil layers at different depths in the study area.

[0035] More preferably, the method for measuring the soil carbon storage is specifically as follows:

[0036] The soil is divided into 5 soil layers, namely 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 m, 30-40 m, and 40-60 m; in each 20 m * 20 m soil sample plot, 5 soil profiles are dug, and 5 mixed soil samples at different depths are retrieved; 500 g of soil samples are collected for each soil layer; for each soil profile, soil samples are taken with a 100 cm 3 standard ring knife, and the soil samples are dried at a temperature of 105 °C, and then the density is measured; at the same time, soil samples of each layer are collected respectively, sundries are removed, and after natural air drying, they are ground and passed through a 100-mesh sieve for measuring the soil organic carbon content.

[0037] More preferably, the calculation formula for the carbon loss amount generated by stripping topsoil in pre-drilling engineering is: T n =ΣC n P n D n where T n is the total soil loss amount within the depth of the nth soil profile, in units of t / hm 2 C n is the mass fraction of soil organic carbon in the nth layer, in units of %; P n is the soil density of the nth layer, Dn is the depth of the nth layer section.

[0038] More preferably, in step S2, the Pix4D mapper software is used to process the original data of the UAV aerial photography, and a digital surface model (DSM), a digital orthophoto map (DOM), and a digital three-dimensional model are output.

[0039] More preferably, in step S3, in ArcGIS, the digital surface model and the digital orthophoto map are used to obtain the longitude and latitude information and elevation information of the study area.

[0040] More preferably, in step S4, the Pix4D mapper software is used to outline the scope of the spoil ground in the study area by using the digital orthophoto map, and the area of the spoil ground is obtained.

[0041] More preferably, in step S5, the Pix4D mapper software is used to measure the height and slope of the slag pile by using the digital surface model, outline the scope of the spoil ground, and perform cut-fill calculations through known ground control points and the terrain data in the pre-drilling engineering design plan to obtain the amount of spoil.

[0042] More preferably, the soil and water conservation engineering measure indicators include any one or a combination of multiple ones of the land reclamation area of the spoil ground, the length of the intercepting and drainage ditches, the length of the retaining project, and the slope protection area of the roadbed project.

[0043] More preferably, the ArcGIS software is used to measure the temporary protection measure indicators by using the digital orthophoto map.

[0044] More preferably, the temporary protection measure indicators include any one or a combination of multiple ones of the forest and grass area, the length of the temporary drainage ditches, the length of the temporary retaining, and the covering area.

[0045] The second aspect of the present invention provides a pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system, which includes:

[0046] A data acquisition module for acquiring the original data of the UAV aerial photography of the study area;

[0047] A data processing module for processing the original data obtained from the aerial photography of the drone to form a Digital Surface Model (DSM), a Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM), and a digital 3D model; for outlining the scope of the spoil ground in the study area using the Digital Orthophoto Map to obtain the area of the spoil ground; measuring the stacking height and slope of the spoil using the Digital Surface Model, outlining the scope of the spoil ground, and performing cut and fill calculations through known ground control points and the terrain data in the pre-drilling engineering design plan to obtain the spoil volume; calculating the carbon loss caused by the stripping of topsoil in the pre-drilling project based on the area and volume of the spoil ground; measuring the indicators of soil and water conservation engineering measures using the digital 3D model; measuring the vegetation type and vegetation carbon sequestration data in the study area using the Digital Orthophoto Map and ground survey data;

[0048] A first processing module for obtaining the longitude, latitude, and elevation information of the study area using the Digital Surface Model and the Digital Orthophoto Map; measuring the indicators of temporary protection measures using the Digital Orthophoto Map;

[0049] A second processing module for forming a later soil and water conservation vegetation restoration design plan by combining the carbon loss caused by the stripping of topsoil in the pre-drilling project in the study area and the vegetation carbon sequestration data.

[0050] Further preferably, the data processing module is Pix4D mapper software.

[0051] Further preferably, the first processing module is ArcGIS software.

[0052] Further preferably, when the data processing module measures the vegetation type and vegetation carbon sequestration data in the study area using the Digital Orthophoto Map, specifically, it means expanding the RGB information of each pixel in the Digital Orthophoto Map using a color space topology function; applying a pre-generated decision tree classification model to classify the pixels of shrubs and arbors in the Digital Orthophoto Map at different times; obtaining a classified vegetation classification map; based on the classified vegetation classification map, calculating the coverage of shrubs and arbors respectively; combining the tree crown width and tree height surveyed on the ground and the coverage of each vegetation type, and estimating the forest biomass using the standard tree method. According to the estimated forest biomass and the vegetation carbon sequestration rate obtained from the ground survey, the vegetation carbon sequestration in the study area is estimated.

[0053] Even more preferably, the calculation formula for the coverage of shrubs and arbors is: FVC = (p i / p) × 100%, where FVC is the coverage of the plant (shrub or arbor), p i is the number of pixels of different types of plants (i = shrub or arbor) in the vegetation classification map, and p is the total number of pixels in the vegetation classification map.

[0054] More preferably, the color space is extended to color information with different characteristics in the color space 12 having RGB, HSV, L*a*b*, and XYZ.

[0055] More preferably, the pre-generated decision tree classification model is generated by the following method:

[0056] Use image editing software to collect shrub and tree pixels in digital orthophoto maps at different times, and establish a sample training data set of different types of ground objects in a plot; use the sample training data set and based on the classification and regression decision tree algorithm, establish a binary tree classification model of color features and classification categories, and perform model pruning optimization to generate a decision tree classification model.

[0057] The third aspect of the present invention provides a computer device including a processor, an input device, an output device, and a memory. The processor, input device, output device, and memory are interconnected. Among them, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the computer program includes program instructions. The processor is configured to call the program instructions to execute some or all of the steps described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0058] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a system for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering. The system includes: a drone, a number of ground control points arranged in the research area, and the computer device described in the third aspect of the present invention; the drone is equipped with a multi-spectral data acquisition subsystem and a survey-grade RTK to obtain the aerial raw data of the research area and perform spatial positioning on the data; the computer device is used to receive the aerial raw data captured by the drone and process the received raw data according to some or all of the steps described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0059] Further preferably, the multi-spectral data acquisition subsystem includes 4 optical sensors, and all optical sensors have a 35mm fixed spectral lens and a 23.2*15.4mm COMS.

[0060] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium. Among them, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for electronic data exchange. Among them, the computer program enables the computer to execute some or all of the steps described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0061] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects brought by the present invention are as follows:

[0062] 1. The present invention obtains multiple groups of original UAV aerial photography data collected by the UAV in chronological order, processes them, and correspondingly generates multiple groups of digital surface models (DSM), digital orthophoto maps (DOM), and digital three-dimensional models; uses the DSM, DOM, and digital three-dimensional models to perform calculations in combination with the engineering design scheme, and forms a design scheme for the later-stage vegetation restoration of soil and water conservation through the data of vegetation carbon sequestration and soil carbon loss. The present invention mainly generates DSM, DOM, and digital three-dimensional models through UAV remote sensing measurement. On this basis, it analyzes the effects of soil and water loss prevention and the implementation of soil and water loss maintenance measures in various production and construction projects, so as to provide effective data for relevant departments, and can effectively solve the problems existing in the carbon emissions and soil and water conservation supervision of pre-drilling projects.

[0063] 2. An integrated "sky-air-ground integration" vegetation carbon sequestration measurement technology system that combines satellite remote sensing, UAV remote sensing, and field investigation.

[0064] The UAV tracking method takes photos of various vegetation, combines ground surveys, analyzes the spatial structure and time series, measures the biomass distribution, and then realizes the estimation of vegetation carbon sequestration on a large scale.

[0065] The UAV tracking method is a process of using the UAV to take images of the monitoring target, interpreting and identifying the images to obtain information on relevant forest stand factors such as tree crown width, tree height, and vegetation coverage in the monitoring area, and combining on-site surveys to estimate forest biomass.

[0066] For image interpretation and recognition, the Pix4Dmapper software is used to perform image registration, aerial triangulation, point cloud generation and other processing steps on the original aerial survey photos to obtain high-precision images. Then, through software such as ArcGIS and eCognition, using standardized tools, manual selection algorithms (greenness segmentation, color conversion greenness segmentation, 0stu segmentation, superpixel segmentation, and machine learning methods) and thresholds are used to extract attribute factors such as the crown width and coverage of the vegetation in the sample plot. Geomorphic data and canopy data are obtained through UAV oblique photography technology, and the tree height is calculated by superimposing these two data. A quick calculation system is developed based on the Android system of Java to directly calculate the result.

[0067] 3. The orthophoto image of the present invention contains 6 custom channels (red, green, blue, 600nm, 701nm, and 750nm) representing spectral characteristics, with a spatial resolution of 3.56 cm, ensuring the use of fine geometric and texture features in subsequent analysis. The DSM contains the spatial information of the landscape and can provide the elevation of geospatial elements.

[0068] 4. By adopting the design method of the present invention, through the combination of the constructed digital scenario and the carbon sequestration amount of vegetation in the carbon loss amount, when designing the soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering, after stripping the topsoil of 0-30 cm, considering the carbon loss amount of the soil layer of 30-60 cm, corresponding soil and water conservation measures can be considered to be strengthened at the topsoil stripping site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the monitoring method of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 2 It is a framework diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vegetation monitoring system of the monitoring system of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0072] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0073] Embodiment 1

[0074] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to the accompanying Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a design method for carbon emissions and soil and water conservation in pre-drilling engineering, and the method includes the following steps:

[0075] S1. Obtain the original data of the aerial photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the research area;

[0076] S2. Process the obtained original data of the aerial photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle to form a digital surface model (DSM), a digital orthophoto map (DOM) and a digital three-dimensional model;

[0077] S3. Use the digital surface model and the digital orthophoto map to obtain the longitude and latitude information and elevation information of the research area;

[0078] S4. Use the digital orthophoto map to outline the scope of the spoil ground in the research area and obtain the area of the spoil ground;

[0079] S5. Use the digital surface model to measure the height and slope of the piled slag, outline the scope of the spoil ground, and perform cut and fill calculations through known ground control points and the terrain data in the pre-drilling engineering design plan to obtain the spoil volume;

[0080] S6. Calculate the carbon loss amount generated by stripping the topsoil in the pre-drilling engineering according to the area and volume of the spoil ground;

[0081] S7. Measure the indexes of soil and water conservation engineering measures using a digital three-dimensional model;

[0082] S8. Measure the indexes of temporary protection measures using a digital orthophoto map;

[0083] S9. Measure the data of vegetation types and vegetation carbon sequestration in the study area using a digital orthophoto map and ground survey data;

[0084] S10. Combine the carbon loss caused by pre-drilling engineering topsoil stripping in the study area and the vegetation carbon sequestration data to form a later soil and water conservation vegetation restoration design plan.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is a further detailed supplement and elaboration of the technical solution of the present invention on the basis of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the drone tracking method is used to take photos of various vegetation, and combined with ground surveys, the spatial structure and time series are analyzed; then the digital orthophoto is interpreted and identified to obtain information on stand factors such as tree crown width, tree height, and vegetation coverage in the study area, and the standard tree method is used to estimate the forest biomass, and then the vegetation carbon sequestration is estimated. Further included are:

[0087] S901. Use the color space topology function to expand the RGB information of each pixel in the digital orthophoto map;

[0088] S902. Apply the pre-generated decision tree classification model to classify the pixels of shrubs and arbors in the digital orthophoto maps of different periods; obtain the classified vegetation classification map;

[0089] S903. Based on the classified vegetation classification map, calculate the coverage of shrubs and arbor plants respectively;

[0090] S904. Combine the tree crown width and tree height obtained from the ground survey and the coverage of each vegetation type, use the standard tree method to estimate the forest biomass, and estimate the vegetation carbon sequestration in the study area according to the estimated forest biomass and the vegetation carbon sequestration rate obtained from the ground survey.

[0091] Further preferably, the calculation formula for the coverage of shrubs and arbor plants is: FVC = (p i / p) × 100%, where FVC is the coverage of plants (shrubs or arbors), p i is the number of pixels of different types of plants (i = shrubs or arbors) in the vegetation classification map, and p is the total number of pixels in the vegetation classification map.

[0092] In step S901, the color space is expanded to color information with different features in the color space 12 having RGB, HSV, L*a*b*, and XYZ.

[0093] In step S902, the pre-generated decision tree classification model is generated by the following method:

[0094] Use image editing software to collect shrub and arbor pixels in digital orthophoto maps at different times, and establish a sample training data set of different types of ground objects in a sample plot; use the sample training data set and based on the classification and regression decision tree algorithm, establish a binary tree classification model of color features and classification categories, and perform model pruning optimization to generate a decision tree classification model.

[0095] More preferably, the vegetation carbon sequestration rate is obtained by sampling each organ of different types of vegetation and measuring its carbon content.

[0096] The specific measurement method is as follows:

[0097] Set 3 arbor sample plots of 20m×20m under natural condition vegetation around the study area to ensure that the climate, vegetation and other conditions of each experimental sample plot are similar to those of each region. Set 5 shrub sample plots of 5m×5m, 5 herb community sample plots of 1m×1m and 3 litter sample plots of 1m×1m along the diagonal direction in each arbor sample plot for sampling of shrubs, herbs and litter.

[0098] Sampling of plant samples. Collect different organs (leaves, branches, trunks, barks and roots) of arbors, shrub layers (leaves, roots and branches) and herb layers (aboveground and underground parts) in each sample plot. At the same time, take photos of the characteristics and growth conditions of the flowers, leaves, fruits, etc. of each plant. According to "Flora of China" and relevant works and literatures, accurately identify the species and genera of wild plants, and make field investigation forms. Record the number of measured trees, species name, tree height and diameter at breast height of the arbor layer; record the species name, number of plants (clumps) and height of the shrub layer and herb layer, and estimate the coverage; divide the litter into 3 decomposition levels according to its contact distance with the soil and the structure of the litter: undecomposed, semi-decomposed and decomposed layers, sample and put it into a self-sealing bag and measure the fresh weight. At the same time, send the collected arbor, shrub, herb and litter samples back to the laboratory and dry them to a constant weight at 65°C to calculate the biomass.

[0099] To estimate the carbon storage of forest vegetation as accurately as possible, samples of each organ of different plants are collected for carbon content rate measurement. By measuring the carbon content rate of different components, combined with the biomass of the arbor layer, shrub layer, herb layer and litter layer in the forest stand, the product of the biomass of each organ and the corresponding carbon content rate is the carbon storage. Calculate the carbon storage of four different age groups of arbors based on the biomass calculated from the standard sample plot survey data and the carbon content rate of each component.

[0100] Example 3

[0101] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is a further detailed elaboration and supplement to the technical solution of the present invention based on the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. In step S6 of this embodiment, the carbon loss amount generated by the pre-drilling engineering for stripping topsoil is obtained from the soil carbon storage.

[0102] More preferably, the soil carbon storage is obtained by sampling and measuring soil layers at different depths within the research area.

[0103] More preferably, the specific method for measuring the soil carbon storage is as follows:

[0104] The soil is divided into 5 soil layers, namely 0 - 10 cm, 10 - 20 cm, 20 - 30 m, 30 - 40 m, and 40 - 60 m; in each 20 m * 20 m soil sample plot, 5 soil profiles are dug, and 5 mixed soil samples at different depths are retrieved; 500 g of soil samples are collected for each soil layer; for each soil profile, soil samples are taken using a 100 cm 3 standardized core cutter, and the soil samples are dried at a temperature of 105 °C, and then the density is measured; at the same time, soil samples from each layer are collected respectively, impurities are removed, and after natural air drying, they are ground and passed through a 100-mesh sieve for the determination of soil organic carbon content.

[0105] More preferably, the calculation formula for the carbon loss amount generated by the pre-drilling engineering for stripping topsoil is: T n = ΣC n P n D n , where T n is the total soil loss amount within the depth of the nth soil profile, with the unit t / hm 2 , C n is the mass fraction of soil organic carbon in the nth layer, with the unit %; P n is the soil density in the nth layer, and D n is the depth of the nth profile.

[0106] Embodiment 4

[0107] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is a further detailed supplement and elaboration to the technical solution of the present invention based on the above-mentioned Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, or Embodiment 3. In this embodiment, as an example, in step S2, the Pix4D mapper software is used to process the original data of the aerial photography by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and a digital surface model (DSM), a digital orthophoto map (DOM), and a digital three-dimensional model are output.

[0108] As another example, in step S3, in ArcGIS, using the digital surface model and the digital orthophoto map, the longitude and latitude information and elevation information of the study area are obtained.

[0109] As another example, in step S4, using Pix4D mapper software, the range of the waste dump in the study area is outlined using the digital orthophoto map, and the area of the waste dump is obtained.

[0110] As another example, in step S5, using Pix4D mapper software, the height and slope of the stacked slag are measured using the digital surface model, the range of the waste dump is outlined, and the cut and fill calculation is performed through the known ground control points and the terrain data in the pre-drilling engineering design plan to obtain the waste volume.

[0111] As another example, the indexes of the soil and water conservation engineering measures include any one or a combination of more than one of the land reclamation area of the waste dump, the length of the intercepting and drainage ditch, the length of the retaining project, and the slope protection area of the roadbed project.

[0112] As another example, using ArcGIS software, the indexes of the temporary protection measures are measured using the digital orthophoto map.

[0113] As another example, the indexes of the temporary protection measures include any one or a combination of more than one of the forest and grass area, the length of the temporary drainage ditch, the length of the temporary retaining, and the covering area.

[0114] Example 5

[0115] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to the attached Figure 2 As shown, the present invention discloses a pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system, which includes:

[0116] A data acquisition module for acquiring the original data of the aerial photography of the study area by the unmanned aerial vehicle;

[0117] A data processing module for processing the acquired original data of the aerial photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle to form a digital surface model (DSM), a digital orthophoto map (DOM), and a digital three-dimensional model; for outlining the range of the waste dump in the study area using the digital orthophoto map to obtain the area of the waste dump; measuring the height and slope of the stacked slag using the digital surface model, outlining the range of the waste dump, and performing cut and fill calculations through the known ground control points and the terrain data in the pre-drilling engineering design plan to obtain the waste volume; calculating the carbon loss amount generated by the stripping of the topsoil in the pre-drilling engineering according to the area of the waste dump and the waste volume; measuring the indexes of the soil and water conservation engineering measures using the digital three-dimensional model; measuring the vegetation type and vegetation carbon sequestration amount data in the study area using the digital orthophoto map and the ground survey data;

[0118] The first processing module is used to obtain the longitude, latitude and elevation information of the study area by using the digital surface model and the digital orthophoto map; and measure the temporary protection measure indicators by using the digital orthophoto map.

[0119] The second processing module combines the carbon loss amount generated by stripping topsoil in the pre-drilling project in the study area and the vegetation carbon sequestration amount data to form a later soil and water conservation vegetation restoration design plan.

[0120] As an implementation manner of this embodiment, the data processing module is Pix4D mapper software. The first processing module is ArcGIS software.

[0121] Embodiment 6

[0122] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is a further detailed supplement and elaboration of the technical solution of the present invention on the basis of the above Embodiment 5. In this embodiment, the data processing module measures the vegetation type and vegetation carbon sequestration amount data in the study area by using the digital orthophoto map. Specifically, it means that the RGB information of each pixel in the digital orthophoto map is extended by using the color space topology function; the decision tree classification model generated in advance is used to classify the shrub and tree pixels of the digital orthophoto map in different periods; the classified vegetation classification map is obtained; based on the classified vegetation classification map, the coverage of shrubs and trees is calculated respectively; combined with the tree crown width and tree height surveyed on the ground and the coverage of each vegetation type, the standard tree method is used to estimate the forest biomass, and according to the estimated forest biomass and the vegetation carbon sequestration rate obtained from the ground survey, the vegetation carbon sequestration amount in the study area is estimated.

[0123] Among them, the calculation formula for the coverage of shrubs and trees is: FVC = (p i / p) × 100%, where FVC is the coverage of plants (shrubs or trees), p i is the number of pixels of different types of plants (i = shrubs or trees) in the vegetation classification map, and p is the total number of pixels in the vegetation classification map.

[0124] As an example, the color space is extended to color information with different characteristics in the color space 12 with RGB, HSV, L*a*b* and XYZ.

[0125] Furthermore, the pre-generated decision tree classification model is generated by the following method:

[0126] Use image editing software to collect shrub and tree pixels in digital orthophoto maps at different times, and establish a sample training data set of different types of ground objects in a sample plot; use the sample training data set and based on the classification and regression decision tree algorithm, establish a binary tree classification model of color features and classification categories, and perform model pruning optimization to generate a decision tree classification model.

[0127] Example 7

[0128] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present application, a computer device is further provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the above pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design method are implemented.

[0129] In this embodiment, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU). The processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. chips, or combinations of the above types of chips.

[0130] The memory, as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs, and units, such as the corresponding program units in the above method embodiments of the present invention. The processor executes various functional applications and work data processing of the processor by running the non-transitory software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory, that is, the method in the above method embodiments is implemented.

[0131] The memory may include a program storage area and a data storage area. Among them, the program storage area can store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the data storage area can store data created by the processor, etc. In addition, the memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage devices. In some embodiments, the memory may optionally include a memory remotely set relative to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the processor through a network. Examples of the above networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an enterprise intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0132] The one or more units are stored in the memory and, when executed by the processor, perform the steps in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, or Embodiment 4 described above.

[0133] Embodiment 8

[0134] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a system for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering, the system including: a drone, a plurality of ground control points arranged in the research area, and the computer device described in the third aspect of the present invention; the drone is equipped with a multi-spectral data acquisition subsystem and a survey-grade RTK to obtain the original aerial data of the research area and perform spatial positioning on the data; the computer device is used to receive the original aerial data captured by the drone and process the received original data according to some or all of the steps described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0135] Further preferably, the multi-spectral data acquisition subsystem includes 4 optical sensors, and all optical sensors have a 35mm fixed spectral lens and a 23.2*15.4mm COMS.

[0136] As an example, the drone can be a six-rotor drone or a DJI Phantom 3 Professional drone. The flight altitude is 100m, the forward overlap is 80%, and the side overlap is 70%.

[0137] Embodiment 9

[0138] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment discloses a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, or Embodiment 4 described above.

[0139] Embodiment 10

[0140] After the preliminary work of vegetation coverage is completed, land improvement is carried out on the temporary occupied land of the vegetation coverage operation belt, including comprehensive land preparation and backfilling of topsoil, restoring and improving land productivity, and promptly restoring the canals, field ridges, etc. damaged during construction to their original scale as soon as possible. For the disturbed surfaces after trench excavation, land improvement measures are taken for forest land and grassland, and measures to restore cultivated land are taken for the original cultivated land, including covering soil, compaction, and field leveling. Vegetation measures are arranged according to the principle of adapting to local conditions, with forest and grass species suitable for local survival and strong adaptability; suitable trees are planted in suitable places, and the plants should be adapted to the terrain and surrounding vegetation, and the landscape should be coordinated; the principle of ensuring the safety of vegetation coverage is strictly implemented, and the regulations of the Vegetation Coverage Protection Law are strictly enforced. Within 5m on both sides of the center line of vegetation coverage, it is not allowed to plant deep-rooted tree species that are likely to cause damage to vegetation coverage.

[0141] Combined with the situation of formation disturbance along the plant variety and vegetation cover, select tree (grass) species that are easy to reproduce and have well-developed root systems. At the same time, the tree species should have good landscape effects. For the original landform that is an economic forest, after the attachment compensation is completed according to the opinions, it should be preferentially restored to an economic forest by the original fruit farmers.

[0142] The plant types are coordinated and harmonious with the vegetation landscape along the vicinity of the vegetation cover. Temporary measures are generally carried out before or at the same time as the main project construction, including the stacking of trench soil during the excavation of the trench, temporary bracing with woven bags, covering with colored strip cloth, and temporary drainage ditches, etc., to prevent soil and water loss caused by the excavation of earthwork during the project construction. Before the trench excavation, for the sections where the topsoil can be stripped, the topsoil is stripped. Except for waters, roads, railways, etc. in the vegetation-covered operation zone where the topsoil is not stripped, the topsoil is stripped in the remaining sections. The stripping width of the topsoil is determined according to the upper opening width of the trench excavation, and the stripping thickness is 20 - 35 cm, and it is stacked separately from the trench excavation soil. During the construction process, temporary covering measures are taken for the temporary soil piles, and a temporary drainage ditch is arranged on the side of the vegetation cover. The temporary drainage ditch has a trapezoidal cross-section, and the specific dimensions are set as a soil ditch with a bottom width of 0.3 m, a depth of 0.5 m, and a slope of 1:0.5 trapezoidal section. The trench excavation soil is stacked on one side of the trench, and the areas prone to dust are temporarily covered with colored strip cloth. For areas with large rainfall, to prevent water erosion, a temporary woven bag retaining wall is used for temporary bracing on the outside of the stripped topsoil or the excavated soil mass. Drainage ditches are set in the soil stacking area to prevent soil and water loss caused by the temporary stacking of the soil mass.

Claims

1. A method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the original data of aerial photography by drones in the research area; S2. Process the obtained original data of aerial photography by drones to form a digital surface model, a digital orthophoto map, and a digital 3D model; S3. Use the digital surface model and the digital orthophoto map to obtain the longitude, latitude, and elevation information of the research area; S4. Use the digital orthophoto map to outline the scope of the spoil ground in the research area and obtain the area of the spoil ground; S5. Use the digital surface model to measure the height and slope of the piled slag, outline the scope of the spoil ground, and perform cut and fill calculations through known ground control points and the terrain data in the pre-drilling engineering design plan to obtain the amount of spoil; S6. Calculate the carbon loss caused by stripping topsoil in the pre-drilling project according to the area and amount of the spoil ground; S7. Use the digital 3D model to measure the indexes of soil and water conservation engineering measures; S8. Use the digital orthophoto map to measure the indexes of temporary protection measures; S9. Use the digital orthophoto map and ground survey data to measure the vegetation types and vegetation carbon sequestration data in the research area; S10. Combine the carbon loss caused by stripping topsoil in the pre-drilling project in the research area and the vegetation carbon sequestration data to form a design plan for later soil and water conservation vegetation restoration.

2. The method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S9 specifically refers to using the drone tracking method to take photos of various vegetation, combining ground surveys, and analyzing the spatial structure and time series; then interpreting and identifying the digital orthophoto to obtain information on forest stand factors such as tree crown width, tree height, and vegetation coverage in the research area, and using the standard tree method to estimate forest biomass, and further estimating the vegetation carbon sequestration amount.

3. The method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The interpretation and identification of the digital orthophoto specifically include the following steps: S901. Use the color space topology function to expand the RGB information of each pixel in the digital orthophoto map; S902. Apply the pre-generated decision tree classification model to classify the pixels of shrubs and arbors in the digital orthophoto maps of different periods; obtain the classified vegetation classification map; S903. Based on the classified vegetation classification map, calculate the coverage of shrubs and arbors respectively; S904. Combine the tree crown width and tree height of the ground survey and the coverage of each vegetation type, use the standard tree method to estimate forest biomass, and estimate the vegetation carbon sequestration amount in the research area according to the estimated forest biomass and the vegetation carbon sequestration rate obtained from the ground survey.

4. The method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S903, the calculation formula for the coverage of shrubs and arbors is: FVC = (pip) × 100%, where FVC is the coverage of plants (shrubs or arbors), pi is the number of pixels of different types of plants (i = shrubs or arbors) in the vegetation classification map, and p is the total number of pixels in the vegetation classification map.

5. The method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S901, the color space is expanded to the color information with different characteristics in the color space 12 with RGB, HSV, L*a*b*, and XYZ.

6. The method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S902, the pre-generated decision tree classification model is generated by the following method: Collect shrub and tree pixels in digital orthophoto maps at different times using image editing software, and establish a sample training data set of different types of ground objects in a sample plot; use the sample training data set and based on the classification and regression decision tree algorithm, establish a binary tree classification model of color features and classification categories, and perform model pruning optimization to generate a decision tree classification model.

7. The method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vegetation carbon sequestration rate is obtained by sampling each organ of different types of vegetation and measuring its carbon content.

8. The method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: In step S6, the carbon loss amount generated by the pre-drilling project's topsoil stripping is obtained from the soil carbon storage.

9. The method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soil carbon storage is obtained by sampling and measuring soil layers at different depths within the study area.

10. The method for designing a carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan for pre-drilling engineering according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific method for measuring the soil carbon storage is as follows: The soil was divided into 5 soil layers, namely 0 - 10 cm, 10 - 20 cm, 20 - 30 m, 30 - 40 m, and 40 - 60 m; in each soil sample plot of 20 m * 20 m, 5 soil profiles were dug and 5 mixed soil samples at different depths were retrieved; 500 g of soil samples were collected from each soil layer; for each soil profile, soil samples were taken with a core sampler of 100 cm 3 specification, and the soil samples were dried at a temperature of 105 °C, and then the density was measured; at the same time, soil samples from each layer were collected respectively, sundries were removed, and after natural air drying, they were ground and passed through a 100 - mesh sieve for the determination of soil organic carbon content.

11. The method for designing a pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan according to claim 8, wherein: The calculation formula for the carbon loss caused by stripping topsoil in pre-drilling engineering is: T n = ΣC n P n D n , where T n is the total soil loss within the depth of the nth soil profile, in t / hm 2 , C n is the mass fraction of soil organic carbon in the nth layer, in %; P n is the soil density of the nth layer, and Dn is the depth of the nth profile.

12. The method for designing a pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: In step S2, use Pix4D mapper software to process the original data of the UAV aerial photography, and output a digital surface model (DSM), a digital orthophoto map (DOM), and a digital three-dimensional model.

13. The method for designing a pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: In step S3, in ArcGIS, use the digital surface model and the digital orthophoto map to obtain the longitude, latitude information and elevation information of the study area.

14. The method for designing a pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: In step S4, use Pix4D mapper software to outline the scope of the spoil ground within the study area using the digital orthophoto map, and obtain the area of the spoil ground.

15. The method for designing a pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: In step S5, use Pix4D mapper software to measure the stacking height and slope of the spoil using the digital surface model, outline the scope of the spoil ground, and perform cut and fill calculations through known ground control points and the terrain data in the pre-drilling project design plan to obtain the spoil volume.

16. The method for designing a pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: The soil and water conservation engineering measure indicators include any one or a combination of multiple of the land reclamation area of the spoil ground, the length of the intercepting and drainage ditch, the length of the retaining project, and the slope protection area of the roadbed project.

17. The method for designing a pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: Use ArcGIS software to measure the temporary protection measure indicators using the digital orthophoto map.

18. The method for designing a pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: The temporary protection measure indicators include any one or a combination of multiple of the forest and grass area, the length of the temporary drainage ditch, the length of the temporary retaining, and the covering area.

19. A pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system, wherein: The system includes A data acquisition module for acquiring the original data of the UAV aerial photography of the study area; A data processing module for processing the acquired original data of the UAV aerial photography to form a digital surface model (DSM), a digital orthophoto map (DOM), and a digital three-dimensional model; for outlining the scope of the spoil ground within the study area using the digital orthophoto map to obtain the area of the spoil ground; measuring the stacking height and slope of the spoil using the digital surface model, outlining the scope of the spoil ground, and performing cut and fill calculations through known ground control points and the terrain data in the pre-drilling project design plan to obtain the spoil volume; calculating the carbon loss amount generated by the pre-drilling project's topsoil stripping based on the area and volume of the spoil ground; measuring the soil and water conservation engineering measure indicators using the digital three-dimensional model; measuring the vegetation type and vegetation carbon sequestration amount data within the study area using the digital orthophoto map and ground survey data; A first processing module for obtaining the longitude, latitude information and elevation information of the study area using the digital surface model and the digital orthophoto map; Measuring the temporary protection measure indicators using the digital orthophoto map; The second processing module forms a design plan for the later-stage soil and water conservation vegetation restoration by combining the carbon loss amount generated from stripping topsoil in pre-drilling engineering within the research area and the data on vegetation carbon sequestration amount.

20. The pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system according to claim 19, wherein: The data processing module is the Pix4D mapper software.

21. The pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system according to claim 19, wherein: The first processing module is the ArcGIS software.

22. The pre-drilling project carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system according to any one of claims 19-21, wherein: The data processing module measures the vegetation type and vegetation carbon sequestration amount data within the research area using the digital orthophoto map. Specifically, it means expanding the RGB information of each pixel in the digital orthophoto map using the color space topology function; applying the pre-generated decision tree classification model to classify the pixels of shrubs and arbors in the digital orthophoto maps of different periods. Obtain the classified vegetation classification map; based on the classified vegetation classification map, calculate the coverage of shrubs and arbors respectively; combine the tree crown width and tree height surveyed on the ground and the coverage of each vegetation type, and use the standard tree method to estimate the forest biomass. According to the estimated forest biomass and the vegetation carbon sequestration rate obtained from the ground survey, estimate the vegetation carbon sequestration amount within the research area.

23. The pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system according to claim 22, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the coverage of shrubs and arbors is: FVC = (pip) × 100%, where FVC is the coverage of the plant (shrub or arbor), pi is the number of pixels of different types of plants (i = shrub or arbor) in the vegetation classification map, and p is the total number of pixels in the vegetation classification map.

24. The pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system according to claim 22, characterized in that: Expand the color space to the color information with different characteristics in the color space 12 with RGB, HSV, L*a*b*, and XYZ.

25. The pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system according to claim 22, characterized in that: The pre-generated decision tree classification model is generated by the following method: Use image editing software to collect the pixels of shrubs and arbors in the digital orthophoto maps of different periods, and establish a sample training data set of different types of ground objects in a set of sample plots; use the sample training data set and based on the classification and regression decision tree algorithm, establish a binary tree classification model of color features and classification categories, and perform model pruning optimization to generate the decision tree classification model.

26. A computer device, characterized in that: It includes a processor, an input device, an output device, and a memory. The processor, input device, output device, and memory are interconnected. Among them, the memory is used to store computer programs. The computer programs include program instructions. The processor is configured to call the program instructions to execute some or all of the steps described in any one of claims 1-18.

27. The pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system, characterized in that: This system includes a drone, several ground control points arranged within the research area, and the computer device described in claim 25; the drone is equipped with a multi-spectral data acquisition subsystem and a survey-grade RTK to obtain the aerial raw data of the research area and perform spatial positioning on the data; the computer device is used to receive the aerial raw data captured by the drone and process the received raw data according to some or all of the steps described in any one of claims 1-18.

28. The pre-drilling engineering carbon emission and soil and water conservation plan design system according to claim 27, characterized in that: The multi-spectral data acquisition subsystem includes 4 optical sensors, and all optical sensors have a 35mm fixed spectral lens and a 23.2*15.4mm COMS.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program includes program instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-18.

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