Battery preheating method, temperature control method and loader thermal management method and system

Abstract

According to the battery preheating method, the temperature control method and the loader thermal management method and system, when the battery temperature is smaller than or equal to a battery low-temperature threshold value, an external port of a heat dissipation channel is controlled to be closed, external cold air entering is reduced, the preheating efficiency is improved, and airflow flowing through a hydraulic oil radiator and / or a motor electric control radiator is controlled; and the waste heat of the hydraulic system and the motor electric control system preheats the battery through simple air flow control, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and the preheating efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery preheating method, a temperature control method, a loader thermal management method and system, belonging to the technical field of new energy construction machinery thermal management. Background Art

[0002] In current new energy electric loaders (hereinafter referred to as "loaders"), batteries are often equipped with a battery water circulation cooling system, and of course, it can also be a vapor compression cycle air-conditioning heat pump temperature regulation system. This cooling system mainly includes a PTC water heater (hereinafter referred to as "water heater") and a battery radiator. In a low-temperature environment, the battery is preheated by the water heater. However, this preheating method takes about 50 - 60 minutes and consumes about 12 - 15 kW of electricity, with low preheating efficiency and high energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a battery preheating method, a temperature control method, a loader thermal management method and system, which solve the problems disclosed in the background art.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a battery preheating method is provided, including: If it is detected that the battery temperature is less than or equal to the battery low-temperature threshold, control the external connection port of the heat dissipation channel to close, and control the airflow flowing through the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator to flow to the battery radiator of the battery water circulation cooling system; wherein, the battery radiator, the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator are arranged in the heat dissipation channel.

[0005] Further, after controlling the airflow to flow to the battery radiator, the water heater of the battery water circulation cooling system is further controlled, and the control process includes: If it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is less than or equal to the first threshold, control the water heater to start at full load; If it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, control the water heater to operate at the power of the first level; If it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the second threshold and less than or equal to the third threshold, control the water heater to operate at the power of the second level If it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the third threshold, control the water heater to close.

[0006] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a battery preheating system is provided, including: A low-temperature module, if it is detected that the battery temperature is less than or equal to the battery low-temperature threshold, control the external connection port of the heat dissipation channel to close, and control the airflow flowing through the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator to flow to the battery radiator of the battery water circulation cooling system; wherein, the battery radiator, the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator are arranged in the heat dissipation channel.

[0007] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a battery temperature control method is provided, including the above battery preheating method.

[0008] Furthermore, it further includes a battery high-temperature heat dissipation method, and the battery high-temperature heat dissipation method includes: If it is detected that the battery temperature is greater than the battery high-temperature threshold, control the external connection port of the heat dissipation channel to open, and control the airflow flowing through the battery radiator of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system to flow to the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator.

[0009] Furthermore, it further includes a transition control method, and the transition control method includes: If it is detected that the battery temperature is greater than the battery low-temperature threshold and less than or equal to the battery high-temperature threshold, control the external connection port of the heat dissipation channel to open.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a battery temperature control system is provided, including a preheating module; the preheating module uses the above preheating method to perform low-temperature preheating of the battery.

[0011] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a loader thermal management method is provided, including the above battery temperature control method.

[0012] Furthermore, it further includes other high-temperature heat dissipation methods, and the other high-temperature heat dissipation methods include: If it is detected that the hydraulic oil temperature is greater than the hydraulic oil high-temperature threshold or the motor electronic control temperature is greater than the electronic control high-temperature threshold, control the external connection port of the heat dissipation channel to open, and control the airflow flowing through the battery radiator of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system to flow to the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a thermal management system for a loader is provided, including a battery temperature control module, and the battery temperature control module uses the above battery temperature control method to perform battery temperature control.

[0014] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention: When the battery temperature of the present invention is less than or equal to the battery low-temperature threshold, control the external connection port of the heat dissipation channel to close, reduce the entry of external cold air, improve the preheating efficiency, and control the airflow flowing through the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator to flow to the battery radiator of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system. Through simple airflow control, the waste heat of the hydraulic system and the motor electronic control system is used to preheat the battery, saving energy consumption and improving the preheating efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the battery preheating method; Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the water heater control; Figure 3 It is a flowchart of a battery temperature control method; Figure 4 It is a flowchart of a loader thermal management method; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure adapted to the method; Figure 6 It is Figure 5 the control flowchart of the controller in Specific implementation manners

[0016] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and in no way limits the present disclosure or its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0017] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements, numerical expressions and values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0018] Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for the sake of convenience of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual proportional relationship.

[0019] For technologies, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art, they may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the said technologies, methods and devices should be regarded as a part of the specification.

[0020] In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0021] It should be noted that: similar symbols and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0022] Meanwhile, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.

[0023] To solve the problems of low preheating efficiency and high energy consumption in the existing battery preheating methods, the present disclosure proposes a new battery preheating method. Specifically, through simple air flow control, the waste heat of the hydraulic system and the motor electronic control system is used to preheat the battery. Further combined with a water heater, energy consumption is saved and the preheating efficiency is improved.

[0024] This battery preheating method can be executed by a battery preheating device, which can be a terminal device or a server. Among them, the terminal device can include, but is not limited to, mobile phones, computers, smart wearable devices, smart in-vehicle devices, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not make limitations; the server can be an independent physical server, or a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence platforms, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not make limitations. Optionally, this battery preheating method can also be executed collaboratively by multiple electronic devices with computing power. For the convenience of description, the subsequent embodiments will be described as being executed by a battery preheating device.

[0025] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a flowchart of a battery preheating method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. This battery preheating method can be executed by a battery preheating device, and this battery preheating method can at least include the following steps: Step 1, obtain the battery temperature.

[0026] It should be noted that a battery temperature sensor 1 can be installed on the battery, and the battery temperature is obtained through the battery temperature sensor 1.

[0027] Step 2, if it is detected that the battery temperature is less than or equal to the battery low temperature threshold, control the external port of the heat dissipation channel to close, and control the air flow flowing through the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and / or the motor electronic control radiator 8 to flow to the battery radiator 3 of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system; where a battery radiator 3, a hydraulic oil radiator 4, and / or a motor electronic control radiator 8 are arranged in the heat dissipation channel 2, and the battery low temperature threshold can be set to 15 °C.

[0028] It should be noted that there are many ways to control the air flow to flow to the battery radiator 3. For example, the air flow direction can be changed by changing the air flow channel, or the position of the radiator can be changed, etc. The simplest current way is to change the rotation direction of the fan that generates the air flow.

[0029] Take Figure 5For example, the fan 5 adopts a two-way axial flow fan. The fan 5, the battery radiator 3, the hydraulic oil radiator 4, and the motor and electronic control radiator 8 are installed in the same heat dissipation channel 2. A flow guide cover 6 is installed at the external connection port of the heat dissipation channel 2. The flow guide cover 6 is an adjustable flow guide cover and can adopt a louver structure. By controlling the opening and closing of the flow guide cover 6, the opening and closing of the external connection port are controlled. The fan 5 is installed in the first row, the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and the motor and electronic control radiator 8 are installed in the second row, and the battery radiator 3 is installed in the third row. When the fan 5 rotates forward, the battery radiator 3 is located on the upwind side. When the fan 5 rotates in reverse, the battery radiator 3 is located on the downwind side. That is, by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the fan 5, the air flow direction is controlled.

[0030] When the battery temperature is less than or equal to 15°C, the flow guide cover 6 is closed, and the fan 5 is controlled to rotate in reverse. The air will become hot air after passing through the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and the motor and electronic control radiator 8. The hot air preheats the battery radiator 3. As the temperature of the battery radiator 3 increases, the battery temperature can increase rapidly. And because the flow guide cover 6 is closed, not only can the cold air in the external environment be isolated, but also the internal hot air circulation ability can be increased, improving the utilization rate of the waste heat of the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and the motor and electronic control radiator 8, thereby further shortening the battery preheating time.

[0031] It should be noted that, according to the actual situation, the battery can be preheated solely by the preheating of the hydraulic oil radiator 4, and only the motor and electronic control radiator 8 needs to be removed from the heat dissipation channel 2. Of course, the battery can also be preheated solely by the waste heat of the motor and electronic control radiator 8. Similarly, only the hydraulic oil radiator 4 needs to be removed from the heat dissipation channel 2.

[0032] It should be noted that, for energy conservation and to prevent the water heater 9 from running at a high load for a long time and to improve the device life, refer to Figure 2 In some embodiments, after controlling the air flow direction to the battery radiator 3, the water heater 9 of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system is also controlled. Specifically, it is hierarchically controlled according to the temperature rise rate. The control process includes: if it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is less than or equal to the first threshold, control the water heater 9 to start at full load; if it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, control the water heater 9 to operate at the power of the first level; if it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the second threshold and less than or equal to the third threshold, control the water heater 9 to operate at the power of the second level; if it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the third threshold, control the water heater 9 to turn off; where the first threshold can be set to 0.4°C / min, the second threshold can be set to 0.6°C / min, the third threshold can be set to 0.8°C / min, the power of the first level can be set to 2 / 3 of the total power, and the power of the second level can be set to 1 / 3 of the total power.

[0033] When the battery temperature is less than or equal to the battery low - temperature threshold, the above - mentioned method controls the external port of the heat dissipation channel 2 to close, reduces the entry of external cold air, improves the pre - heating efficiency, controls the airflow flowing through the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and / or the motor electronic control radiator 8 to flow to the battery radiator 3 of the battery water - circulation heat dissipation system. Through simple airflow control, the waste heat of the hydraulic system and the motor electronic control system is used to pre - heat the battery, saving energy consumption and improving the pre - heating efficiency.

[0034] The present disclosure also relates to a battery pre - heating system. This system is a virtual system that can be loaded and executed by a computer device. The computer device may include the above - mentioned battery pre - heating device, and the system may include a low - temperature module.

[0035] The low - temperature module, if it detects that the battery temperature is less than or equal to the battery low - temperature threshold, controls the external port of the heat dissipation channel 2 to close, and controls the airflow flowing through the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and / or the motor electronic control radiator 8 to flow to the battery radiator 3 of the battery water - circulation heat dissipation system; wherein, the battery radiator 3, the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and / or the motor electronic control radiator 8 are arranged in the heat dissipation channel 2.

[0036] It should be noted that the above - mentioned system may further include a hierarchical control module for hierarchical control to control the water heater 9 of the battery water - circulation heat dissipation system after controlling the airflow to flow to the battery radiator 3; specifically configured as: if it detects that the battery temperature rise rate is less than or equal to the first threshold, control the water heater 9 to start at full load; if it detects that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, control the water heater 9 to operate at the power of the first level; if it detects that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the second threshold and less than or equal to the third threshold, control the water heater 9 to operate at the power of the second level; if it detects that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the third threshold, control the water heater 9 to turn off. Through hierarchical control, not only energy is saved, but also the water heater 9 is prevented from running at high load for a long time, improving the device life.

[0037] When the battery temperature is less than or equal to the battery low - temperature threshold, the above - mentioned device controls the external port of the heat dissipation channel 2 to close, reduces the entry of external cold air, improves the pre - heating efficiency, controls the airflow flowing through the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and / or the motor electronic control radiator 8 to flow to the battery radiator 3 of the battery water - circulation heat dissipation system. Through simple airflow control, the waste heat of the hydraulic system and the motor electronic control system is used to pre - heat the battery, saving energy consumption and improving the pre - heating efficiency.

[0038] The present disclosure also relates to a battery temperature control method. This battery temperature control method can be executed by a battery temperature control device. The battery temperature control device is similar to the battery pre - heating device and will not be described repeatedly here. Of course, the two devices can also be one device, that is, the two methods are integrated into the same device. The battery temperature control method can at least include the above - mentioned battery pre - heating device method.

[0039] See Figure 3 , the battery temperature control method may further include a battery high-temperature heat dissipation method and a transition control method.

[0040] The battery high-temperature heat dissipation method includes: if it is detected that the battery temperature is greater than the battery high-temperature threshold, controlling the external port of the heat dissipation channel 2 to open, and controlling the airflow flowing through the battery radiator 3 of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system to flow to the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and / or the motor electronic control radiator 8; wherein, the battery high-temperature threshold can be set to 35 °C.

[0041] Still taking the Figure 5 structure as an example, when the battery temperature is greater than 35 °C, open the fairing 6, control the fan 5 to rotate forward, generally running at full load. Since in the thermal equilibrium state, the temperature of the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and the motor electronic control radiator 8 is higher than that of the battery radiator 3, the airflow needs to flow from low temperature to high temperature, so that the heat of all radiators can be discharged.

[0042] The transition control method includes: if it is detected that the battery temperature is greater than the battery low-temperature threshold and less than or equal to the battery high-temperature threshold, controlling the external port of the heat dissipation channel 2 to open.

[0043] Still taking the Figure 5 structure as an example, when the battery temperature is greater than 15 °C and less than or equal to 35 °C, turn off the fan 5, turn off the water heater 9, open the fairing 6, and perform natural heating / cooling.

[0044] The above method not only realizes the high-temperature heat dissipation of the battery through simple airflow control, but also preheats the battery with the waste heat of the hydraulic system and the motor electronic control system, saving energy consumption and improving the preheating efficiency.

[0045] The present disclosure also relates to a battery temperature control system, which is a virtual system that can be loaded and executed by a computer device. The computer device may include the above battery temperature control device. The system may include a preheating module, which uses the battery preheating method to perform low-temperature preheating of the battery.

[0046] It should be noted that the system may further include a high-temperature heat dissipation module and a transition module; The high-temperature heat dissipation module, if it is detected that the battery temperature is greater than the battery high-temperature threshold, controls the external port of the heat dissipation channel 2 to open, and controls the airflow flowing through the battery radiator 3 of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system to flow to the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and / or the motor electronic control radiator 8.

[0047] The transition module, if it is detected that the battery temperature is greater than the battery low-temperature threshold and less than or equal to the battery high-temperature threshold, controls the external port of the heat dissipation channel 2 to open.

[0048] Through simple air flow control, the above device not only realizes high-temperature heat dissipation of the battery, but also preheats the battery with the waste heat of the hydraulic system and the motor electronic control system, saving energy consumption and improving the preheating efficiency.

[0049] The present disclosure also relates to a loader thermal management method, which can be executed by a management device. The management device is similar to the battery temperature control device and the battery preheating device, and will not be described repeatedly here. Of course, the three devices can also be one device, that is, the three methods are integrated into the same device. The loader thermal management method can at least include the above battery temperature control method.

[0050] See Figure 4 , the loader thermal management method can also include other high-temperature heat dissipation methods.

[0051] Other high-temperature heat dissipation methods include: if it is detected that the hydraulic oil temperature is greater than the hydraulic oil high-temperature threshold or the motor electronic control temperature is greater than the electronic control high-temperature threshold, control the external connection port of the heat dissipation channel 2 to open, and control the air flow flowing through the battery radiator 3 of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system to flow to the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and / or the motor electronic control radiator 8; among them, the hydraulic oil high-temperature threshold can be set to 55 °C, and the electronic control high-temperature threshold can be set to 80 °C.

[0052] Through simple air flow control, the above method not only realizes high-temperature heat dissipation of the battery, hydraulic system and motor, but also preheats the battery with the waste heat of the hydraulic system and the motor electronic control system, saving energy consumption and improving the preheating efficiency.

[0053] Since the loader thermal management method includes all of the above methods, the loader thermal management method and Figure 5 The present disclosure will be further described as follows: Figure 5 In, the battery is configured with a battery water circulation heat dissipation system, a battery temperature sensor 1 is installed on the battery, a fan 5, a battery radiator 3, a hydraulic oil radiator 4 and a motor electronic control radiator 8 are installed in the same heat dissipation channel 2, a diversion cover 6 is installed at the external connection port of the heat dissipation channel 2, the fan 5 is installed in the first row, the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and the motor electronic control radiator 8 are installed in the second row, the battery radiator 3 is installed in the third row, and the output end of the battery temperature sensor 1 is connected to the controller 7, and the controller 7 is the above management device, and the controller 7 controls the water heater 9, the fan 5 and the diversion cover 6.

[0054] The control process in the controller 7 can be seen in Figure 6When the battery temperature is less than or equal to 15°C, the fairing 6 is closed, the fan 5 is controlled to rotate in reverse, and the water heater 9 is controlled in stages according to the temperature rise rate. When the battery temperature is greater than 15°C and less than or equal to 35°C, the fan 5 is closed, the water heater 9 is closed, and the fairing 6 is opened. When the battery temperature is greater than 35°C, or the hydraulic oil temperature is greater than 55°C, or the motor and electronic control temperature is greater than 80°C, the fairing 6 is opened, and the fan 5 is controlled to rotate forward.

[0055] Through waste heat recovery and intelligent heating technology, problems such as the performance degradation of the battery in low-temperature environments are solved. Through the collaborative work of multiple radiators, the waste heat of the hydraulic system and the motor and electronic control system is recovered, reducing the overall energy consumption. Through multi-sensor fusion and dynamic control strategies, precise temperature adjustment under all working conditions is achieved, improving the system's intelligence level, enhancing the reliability of the system under extreme working conditions, and extending the service life of core components.

[0056] The present disclosure also relates to a thermal management system for a loader. This system is a virtual system that can be loaded and executed by a computer device, which may include the above management device. The system may include a battery temperature control module that uses the above battery temperature control method to control the battery temperature.

[0057] It should be noted that the system may further include other high-temperature modules. If it is detected that the hydraulic oil temperature is greater than the hydraulic oil high-temperature threshold or the motor and electronic control temperature is greater than the electronic control high-temperature threshold, the external port of the heat dissipation channel 2 is controlled to open, and the airflow flowing through the battery radiator 3 of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system is controlled to flow to the hydraulic oil radiator 4 and / or the motor and electronic control radiator 8.

[0058] Through simple airflow control, the above system not only realizes the high-temperature heat dissipation of the battery, hydraulic system, and motor, but also preheats the battery with the waste heat of the hydraulic system and the motor and electronic control system, saving energy consumption and improving the preheating efficiency.

[0059] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and deformations can still be made, and these improvements and deformations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery preheating method, characterized in that: include: If it is detected that the battery temperature is less than or equal to the battery low temperature threshold, the external port of the heat dissipation channel is controlled to be closed, and the airflow passing through the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator is controlled to flow to the battery radiator of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system; wherein, a battery radiator and a hydraulic oil radiator and / or a motor electronic control radiator are arranged in the heat dissipation channel.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After controlling the airflow to flow to the battery radiator, the water heater of the battery water circulation cooling system is also controlled. The control process includes: If it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is less than or equal to the first threshold, the water heater is controlled to start at full load; If it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, the water heater is controlled to operate at the first level of power; If the battery temperature rise rate is detected to be greater than the second threshold and less than or equal to the third threshold, the water heater is controlled to operate at the second level of power. If it is detected that the battery temperature rise rate is greater than the third threshold, the water heater is controlled to be turned off.

3. Battery preheating system, characterized in that: include: The low temperature module controls the external port of the heat dissipation channel to be closed if it detects that the battery temperature is less than or equal to the battery low temperature threshold, and controls the airflow flowing through the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator to flow to the battery radiator of the battery water circulation heat dissipation system; wherein the battery radiator and the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator are arranged in the heat dissipation channel.

4. A battery temperature control method, characterized in that: The method comprising claim 1 or 2.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The invention also includes a method for dissipating heat of a battery at a high temperature, the method comprising: If it is detected that the battery temperature is greater than the battery high temperature threshold, the external port of the heat dissipation channel is controlled to open, and the airflow through the battery radiator of the battery water circulation cooling system is controlled to flow to the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: Also included is a transition control method, the transition control method comprising: If it is detected that the battery temperature is greater than the battery low temperature threshold and less than or equal to the battery high temperature threshold, the external port of the heat dissipation channel is controlled to be opened.

7. Battery temperature control system, characterized in that, It comprises a preheating module; the preheating module adopts the preheating method described in claim 1 or 2 to perform low-temperature preheating of the battery.

8. A loader thermal management method, characterized in that: The method comprising any one of claims 4 to 6.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that Other high-temperature heat dissipation methods are also included, and the other high-temperature heat dissipation methods include: If it is detected that the hydraulic oil temperature is greater than the hydraulic oil high temperature threshold, or the motor electronic control temperature is greater than the electronic control high temperature threshold, the external port of the heat dissipation channel is controlled to open, and the airflow through the battery radiator of the battery water circulation cooling system is controlled to flow to the hydraulic oil radiator and / or the motor electronic control radiator.

10. A thermal management system for a loader, characterized in that: The invention comprises a battery temperature control module, and the battery temperature control module adopts the method described in any one of claims 4 to 6 to control the battery temperature.

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