Active equalization super capacitor device and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an active balancing super-capacitor device and a control method thereof, and the device comprises a voltage balancing unit which is used for controlling the on-off of each super-capacitor unit, and achieving the transfer of energy among the super-capacitor units; the filtering unit is connected between the voltage balancing unit and the super capacitor unit and is used for filtering voltage fluctuation and noise; the super capacitor unit is used for storing and releasing energy; and the control module is used for estimating a state of charge (SOH) value of each super capacitor unit, dynamically adjusting a voltage upper limit threshold value of each super capacitor unit according to the SOH value, and starting an equalization process according to a preset multi-target equalization trigger logic. On-off of the super capacitor units is accurately controlled through the voltage balance unit, efficient transfer of energy among the units is achieved, and meaningless waste of energy is avoided. The voltage upper limit threshold value is dynamically adjusted according to the state of charge SOH value of each super capacitor unit, reasonable distribution of energy is ensured, and the energy utilization efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of electrical engineering and energy storage, and relates to an active equalization supercapacitor device and a control method therefor. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of technology, as a new type of energy storage device, supercapacitors have shown great application potential in many fields such as electric vehicles, smart grids, consumer electronics, and industrial automation due to their high power density, long cycle life, and fast charge and discharge capabilities. Supercapacitors can not only provide instantaneous high-power output but also maintain high energy efficiency during frequent charge and discharge cycles, which is particularly important for systems that require fast response and highly reliable power supply. Despite many advantages of supercapacitors, the problem of excessive internal self-discharge rate has always been one of the technical bottlenecks restricting their wide application. Self-discharge not only causes rapid energy loss of the capacitor in the idle state but may also fail to meet the expected startup requirements after long-term storage, thereby reducing the overall energy efficiency and reliability of the system.

[0003] To alleviate this problem, the existing equalization technologies in the industry mainly adopt passive full-discharge equalization or equalization strategies based on current voltage calculation. The passive full-discharge equalization method achieves equalization by discharging all capacitor units to the same voltage level. Although simple and direct, it is inefficient and energy-consuming, and is not conducive to the effective utilization of energy. The equalization strategy based on current voltage calculation can perform targeted equalization operations according to real-time voltage differences, but this method often ignores the performance degradation and power characteristic changes of supercapacitors during long-term use. The existing equalization technologies lack comprehensive consideration of the life and power of supercapacitors. The life of supercapacitors is not only related to the number of charge and discharge cycles they experience but is also affected by various factors such as operating temperature, voltage fluctuation range, and energy loss during the equalization process. At the same time, the power output ability of supercapacitors will gradually decline with the increase in usage time, which directly affects the stability and response speed of the system under high-load conditions.

[0004] Therefore, developing an efficient equalization technology that can comprehensively consider the life, power, and current voltage state of supercapacitors is of great significance for improving the energy storage efficiency of supercapacitors, extending their service life, and enhancing the overall performance of the system. It can not only promote the further development and popularization of supercapacitor technology but also provide new solutions for energy management and optimization in related fields. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to solve the problem of how to equalize and control the energy storage of supercapacitors in the prior art, and to provide an active equalization supercapacitor device and a control method therefor.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0007] An active equalization supercapacitor device, comprising:

[0008] A voltage balancing unit for controlling the on / off of each supercapacitor unit to realize the transfer of energy between each supercapacitor unit; the voltage balancing unit includes a plurality of voltage balancing subunits, and each voltage balancing subunit includes a signal generation circuit, an isolation gate driver, a first MOSFET, a second MOSFET, a body diode and a capacitor. The gates of the two MOSFETs are respectively connected to the signal generation circuit and the isolation gate driver. The source of the first MOSFET is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor and the drain of the second MOSFET. The drain of the first MOSFET and the source of the second MOSFET are respectively connected to both ends of the filtering unit;

[0009] A filtering unit connected between the voltage balancing unit and the supercapacitor unit for filtering voltage fluctuations and noises; the filtering unit is specifically a plurality of capacitors connected in series;

[0010] A supercapacitor unit for storing and releasing energy; the supercapacitor unit is composed of a plurality of supercapacitors connected in series in sequence;

[0011] A control module configured with an active equalization algorithm for estimating the state of health (SOH) value of each supercapacitor unit, dynamically adjusting the voltage upper limit threshold of each supercapacitor unit according to the SOH value, and starting the equalization process according to a preset multi-objective equalization trigger logic.

[0012] The control module estimates the SOH of each supercapacitor unit by using the Coulomb counting method. The specific formula is: SOH = 100 * (QR / QN), where QR is the remaining capacity obtained by integrating the current i(t), and QN is the rated capacity of the supercapacitor unit.

[0013] The control module dynamically adjusts the voltage upper limit threshold of each supercapacitor unit according to the SOH value, specifically as follows:

[0014] When SOH ≥ 90%, the supercapacitor unit is allowed to be overvoltage to 102% of the rated voltage for a short time to support high-power requirements;

[0015] When 80% ≤ SOH < 90%, the voltage of the supercapacitor unit is limited to 98% of the rated value;

[0016] When SOH < 80%, an alarm is triggered and the voltage of the supercapacitor unit is limited to 95%, and at the same time, the supercapacitor unit is marked as a priority equalization object.

[0017] The multi-objective balancing trigger logic in the control module is specifically as follows:

[0018] First priority: When the voltage difference between any two supercapacitor units is greater than 1% of the rated voltage, balance these two supercapacitor units preferentially.

[0019] Second priority: When the SOH decay rate of any supercapacitor unit exceeds 5% per 100 cycles, balance this supercapacitor unit.

[0020] Third priority: When the temperature of any supercapacitor unit exceeds 45 °C, balance this supercapacitor unit.

[0021] The specific content of the first priority is as follows:

[0022] Real-time monitor the voltage value of each supercapacitor unit through the built-in voltage sensor, and calculate the voltage difference between any two supercapacitor units.

[0023] When it is detected that the voltage difference between any two supercapacitor units exceeds 1% of their rated voltage, trigger the balancing process, and preferentially consider transferring energy between these two supercapacitor units with a larger voltage difference.

[0024] During the balancing process, use the voltage balancing unit to control the energy transfer to achieve the balanced distribution of energy within the supercapacitor system, continuously monitor the voltage difference, and adjust the speed and amount of energy transfer to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the balance.

[0025] When the voltage difference decreases to the preset safe range, the balancing process ends. At this time, the system continues to monitor the voltage and status of all supercapacitor units to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0026] The specific content of the second priority is as follows:

[0027] Based on the charge and discharge historical data of the supercapacitor unit, regularly estimate and record the remaining health state SOH value of each supercapacitor unit using the Coulomb counting method.

[0028] According to the recorded SOH value, calculate the SOH decay rate of each supercapacitor unit, specifically by comparing the current SOH value with the SOH value at a previous reference point and dividing by the number of charge and discharge cycles since that reference point.

[0029] When it is detected that the SOH decay rate of a certain supercapacitor unit exceeds the preset threshold, that is, the SOH drops by more than the preset percentage in every preset number of charge and discharge cycles, specifically the SOH drops by more than 5% per 100 cycles, the control module triggers the balancing process for this specific unit.

[0030] During the balancing process, a voltage balancing unit is used to control the energy transfer to achieve an even energy distribution and reduce the performance differences between units;

[0031] After the balancing process ends, the system re-evaluates the SOH values of all supercapacitor units and calculates the new attenuation rate to verify the balancing effect; if the balancing fails to achieve the expected effect, the balancing strategy is adjusted or the unit is marked as a potential fault point.

[0032] The specific third priority is as follows:

[0033] The working temperature of each supercapacitor unit is monitored in real time through a built-in temperature sensor. The control module receives data from the temperature sensor and compares it with a preset temperature threshold, i.e., 45°C. When the temperature of any supercapacitor unit is detected to exceed this threshold, the balancing process for this specific unit is immediately triggered;

[0034] During the balancing process, a voltage balancing unit is used to control the energy transfer to reduce the temperature of the overheated unit and balance the energy distribution of the entire system;

[0035] The system continuously monitors the temperature change of the overheated unit and adjusts the speed and amount of energy transfer to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the balancing process. At the same time, it monitors the temperatures of other units to prevent overheating of other units caused by energy transfer;

[0036] When the temperature of the overheated unit drops to the safe range, the balancing process ends. At this time, the system continues to monitor the temperatures and states of all supercapacitor units to ensure the stable operation of the system; if the temperature rises above the threshold again, the system repeats the above balancing process.

[0037] A control method for an active balancing supercapacitor device includes the following steps:

[0038] Estimate the SOH of each supercapacitor unit using the Coulomb counting method;

[0039] Dynamically adjust the voltage upper limit threshold of each supercapacitor unit according to the SOH value;

[0040] Monitor the state of the supercapacitor system according to the preset multi-objective balancing trigger logic;

[0041] When the balancing trigger condition is met, start the balancing process and control the energy transfer between each supercapacitor unit through the voltage balancing unit.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] In the active balancing supercapacitor device of the present invention, the on-off of each supercapacitor unit is precisely controlled by a voltage balancing unit, achieving efficient energy transfer between units and avoiding unnecessary energy waste. At the same time, the control module can dynamically adjust the upper voltage threshold according to the state of health (SOH) value of each supercapacitor unit, ensuring reasonable energy distribution. This not only reduces performance degradation caused by overcharging or over-discharging, but also effectively extends the service life of the supercapacitor unit and the entire system, significantly improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0044] A preset multi-objective balancing trigger logic is adopted, which not only considers voltage consistency, but also combines the SOH value and the resistance characteristics of each supercapacitor for balancing, making it more accurate and efficient, and ensuring the maximization of the internal discharge amount of the system. At the same time, it avoids the system performance degradation caused by ignoring the SOH capacity difference due to maintaining voltage consistency for a long time, enabling the system to operate continuously, stably and efficiently.

[0045] The active balancing supercapacitor device of the present invention is flexibly designed and can adjust the number and connection mode of supercapacitor units according to actual needs. This enables the device to adapt to the requirements of different application scenarios and has wide applicability. At the same time, the algorithm of the control module can be optimized and upgraded to adapt to future technological progress and changes in market demands, providing the possibility for continuous upgrading and expansion of the system. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0047] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the active balancing supercapacitor device of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0049] Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0051] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0052] See Figure 1 , which is a diagram of the active balancing supercapacitor device of the present invention, including:

[0053] A voltage balancing unit for controlling the on / off of each supercapacitor unit to achieve the transfer of energy between each supercapacitor unit; the voltage balancing unit includes a plurality of voltage balancing subunits, and each voltage balancing subunit includes a signal generation circuit and an isolation gate driver, a first MOSFET tube and a second MOSFET tube, a body diode and a capacitor. The gates of the two MOSFET tubes are respectively connected to the signal generation circuit and the isolation gate driver. The source of the first MOSFET tube is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor and the drain of the second MOSFET tube. The drain of the first MOSFET tube and the source of the second MOSFET tube are respectively connected to both ends of the filtering unit.

[0054] A filtering unit, which is connected between the voltage balancing unit and the supercapacitor unit for filtering voltage fluctuations and noise; the filtering unit is specifically a plurality of capacitors connected in series.

[0055] A supercapacitor unit for storing and releasing energy; the supercapacitor unit is composed of a plurality of supercapacitors connected in series in sequence.

[0056] A control module configured with an active balancing algorithm for estimating the state of charge (SOH) value of each supercapacitor unit, dynamically adjusting the voltage upper limit threshold of each supercapacitor unit according to the SOH value, and starting the balancing process according to a preset multi-objective balancing trigger logic.

[0057] The control module estimates the SOH of each supercapacitor unit by using the Coulomb counting method, and the specific formula is: SOH = 100 * (QR / QN), where QR is the remaining capacity obtained by integrating the current i(t), and QN is the rated capacity of the supercapacitor unit.

[0058] Dynamically adjusting the voltage upper limit threshold of each supercapacitor unit according to the SOH value is specifically:

[0059] When SOH ≥ 90%, the supercapacitor unit is allowed to be overvoltage to 102% of the rated voltage for a short time to support high power demand continuously;

[0060] When 80% ≤ SOH < 90%, the voltage of the supercapacitor unit is limited to 98% of the rated value;

[0061] When SOH < 80%, an alarm is triggered and the voltage of the supercapacitor unit is limited to 95%, and at the same time, the supercapacitor unit is marked as the priority equalization object.

[0062] The multi-objective equalization trigger logic is specifically as follows:

[0063] The first priority: When the voltage difference between any two supercapacitor units is greater than 1% of the rated voltage, these two supercapacitor units are preferentially equalized.

[0064] Specifically:

[0065] The voltage value of each supercapacitor unit is monitored in real time through the built-in voltage sensor, and the voltage difference between any two supercapacitor units is calculated;

[0066] When the voltage difference between any two supercapacitor units is detected to exceed 1% of its rated voltage, the equalization process is triggered, and energy transfer is preferentially considered for these two supercapacitor units with larger voltage differences;

[0067] During the equalization process, the voltage balance unit is used to control the energy transfer to achieve the equal distribution of energy within the supercapacitor system, continuously monitor the voltage difference, and adjust the speed and amount of energy transfer to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the equalization;

[0068] When the voltage difference decreases to the preset safe range, the equalization process ends. At this time, the system continues to monitor the voltage and status of all supercapacitor units to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0069] Through the voltage difference equalization strategy, the system can respond in a timely manner to the voltage difference between supercapacitor units, prevent the units with too high or too low voltage from having an adverse impact on the system performance, so as to maintain a higher overall efficiency and a longer service life.

[0070] The second priority: When the SOH decay rate of any supercapacitor unit exceeds 5% / 100 cycles, the supercapacitor unit is equalized.

[0071] Specifically:

[0072] Based on the charge and discharge historical data of supercapacitor units, the remaining state of health (SOH) value of each supercapacitor unit is periodically estimated and recorded using Coulomb counting method;

[0073] According to the recorded SOH values, calculate the SOH decay rate of each supercapacitor unit, specifically by comparing the current SOH value with the SOH value at a previous reference point and dividing it by the number of charge and discharge cycles since that reference point;

[0074] When it is detected that the SOH decay rate of a certain supercapacitor unit exceeds a preset threshold, that is, the SOH drops by more than a preset percentage in every preset number of charge and discharge cycles, specifically, the SOH drops by more than 5% in every 100 cycles, the control module triggers the balancing process for this specific unit;

[0075] During the balancing process, use the voltage balancing unit to control the energy transfer to achieve the balance of energy distribution and reduce the performance differences between units;

[0076] After the balancing process ends, the system re-evaluates the SOH values of all supercapacitor units and calculates the new decay rate to verify the balancing effect; if the balancing fails to achieve the expected effect, adjust the balancing strategy or mark this unit as a potential fault point.

[0077] During the operation of the entire system, the control module continuously monitors the SOH and decay rate of all supercapacitor units and dynamically adjusts the balancing strategy as needed to ensure the overall performance and stability of the system. By implementing this SOH decay rate balancing strategy, the active balancing supercapacitor device can effectively manage the health state of supercapacitor units, extend the overall service life of the system, and reduce the risk of system performance degradation caused by unit performance differences.

[0078] Third priority: When the temperature of any supercapacitor unit exceeds 45°C, balance this supercapacitor unit.

[0079] Specifically:

[0080] The working temperature of each supercapacitor unit is monitored in real time through the built-in temperature sensor. The control module receives the data from the temperature sensor and compares it with the preset temperature threshold, that is, 45°C. When it is detected that the temperature of any supercapacitor unit exceeds this threshold, immediately trigger the balancing process for this specific unit;

[0081] During the balancing process, use the voltage balancing unit to control the energy transfer to reduce the temperature of the overheated unit and balance the energy distribution of the entire system;

[0082] The system continuously monitors the temperature changes of overheated units and adjusts the speed and amount of energy transfer to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the balancing process. Meanwhile, it monitors the temperatures of other units to prevent overheating of other units caused by energy transfer.

[0083] When the temperature of the overheated unit drops to the safe range, the balancing process ends. At this time, the system continues to monitor the temperatures and states of all supercapacitor units to ensure the stable operation of the system. If the temperature rises above the threshold again, the system repeats the above balancing process.

[0084] In addition, the system integrates other thermal management strategies, such as fan cooling, thermistor protection, etc., to further enhance the control and regulation of the temperatures of supercapacitor units. By implementing this temperature balancing strategy, the active balancing supercapacitor device can quickly respond to overheating situations, protect supercapacitor units from thermal failure or performance degradation, thereby improving the overall stability and reliability of the system and extending the service life of the supercapacitor device.

[0085] An embodiment of the present invention is a control method for an active balancing supercapacitor device, including the following steps:

[0086] Estimate the SOH of each supercapacitor unit using Coulomb counting method.

[0087] Dynamically adjust the upper voltage limit threshold of each supercapacitor unit according to the SOH value.

[0088] Monitor the state of the supercapacitor system according to the preset multi-objective balancing trigger logic.

[0089] When the balancing trigger condition is met, start the balancing process, and control the transfer of energy between each supercapacitor unit through the voltage balancing unit.

[0090] By accurately estimating the SOH (health state) of each supercapacitor unit using the Coulomb counting method, dynamically adjusting the upper voltage limit threshold of each unit accordingly, and combining the preset multi-objective balancing trigger logic to monitor the system state in real time, once the balancing condition is met, start the balancing process, and accurately control the transfer of energy between each unit using the voltage balancing unit. This not only significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of energy management, extends the service life of supercapacitor units, optimizes the energy distribution and system performance, but also reduces the system failure risk through real-time monitoring and accurate control, improves the reliability and safety of the system. Moreover, this method has strong flexibility, is suitable for supercapacitor systems of different scales and types, is simple to implement and convenient to maintain, bringing significant beneficial effects and market value to the energy management and balancing control of supercapacitor systems.

[0091] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active balancing supercapacitor device, characterized in that: include: A voltage balancing unit is used to control the on and off of each supercapacitor unit to achieve energy transfer between the supercapacitor units; The voltage balancing unit includes a plurality of voltage balancing sub-units, and the voltage balancing sub-units include a signal generating circuit and an isolation gate driver, a first MOSFET tube and a second MOSFET tube, a body diode and a capacitor, the gates of the two MOSFET tubes are respectively connected to the signal generating circuit and the isolation gate driver, the source of the first MOSFET tube is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor and the drain of the second MOSFET tube, and the drain of the first MOSFET tube and the source of the second MOSFET tube are respectively connected to two ends of the filter unit; A filter unit, the filter unit is connected between the voltage balancing unit and the supercapacitor unit, and is used to filter out voltage fluctuations and noise; the filter unit is specifically a plurality of capacitors connected in series; A supercapacitor unit is used to store and release energy; the supercapacitor unit is composed of a plurality of supercapacitors connected in series in sequence; The control module is equipped with an active balancing algorithm for estimating the state of charge (SOH) value of each supercapacitor unit, dynamically adjusting the voltage upper limit threshold of each supercapacitor unit according to the SOH value, and starting the balancing process according to the preset multi-objective balancing trigger logic.

2. An active balancing supercapacitor device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The control module estimates the SOH of each supercapacitor unit using the coulomb counting method, and the specific formula is: SOH=100*(QR / QN), where QR is the remaining capacity obtained by integrating the current i(t), and QN is the rated capacity of the supercapacitor unit.

3. An active balancing supercapacitor device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The control module dynamically adjusts the voltage upper limit threshold of each supercapacitor unit according to the SOH value, specifically: When SOH ≥ 90%, the supercapacitor unit is allowed to overvoltage up to 102% of the rated voltage for a short period of time to support high power demand; When 80%≤SOH<90%, the voltage of the supercapacitor unit is limited to 98% of the rated value; When SOH is less than 80%, an alarm is triggered and the voltage of the supercapacitor unit is limited to 95%, and the supercapacitor unit is marked as a priority balancing object.

4. An active balancing supercapacitor device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-target balancing trigger logic in the control module is specifically as follows: First priority: When the voltage difference between any two supercapacitor units is greater than 1% of the rated voltage, the two supercapacitor units are prioritized for balancing; Second priority: When the SOH decay rate of any supercapacitor unit exceeds 5% / 100 cycles, the supercapacitor unit is balanced; Third priority: When the temperature of any supercapacitor unit exceeds 45° C., the supercapacitor unit is balanced.

5. An active balancing supercapacitor device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The first priority is specifically: The built-in voltage sensor monitors the voltage value of each supercapacitor unit in real time and calculates the voltage difference between any two supercapacitor units; When it is detected that the voltage difference between any two supercapacitor units exceeds 1% of their rated voltage, the balancing process is triggered, giving priority to energy transfer to the two supercapacitor units with larger voltage difference; During the balancing process, the voltage balancing unit is used to control the energy transfer to achieve a balanced distribution of energy within the supercapacitor system, and the voltage difference is continuously monitored, and the speed and amount of energy transfer are adjusted to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the balancing; When the voltage difference is reduced to within the preset safety range, the balancing process ends. At this time, the system continues to monitor the voltage and status of all supercapacitor units to ensure the stable operation of the system.

6. An active balancing supercapacitor device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The second priority level is specifically: Based on the charge and discharge history data of the supercapacitor unit, the remaining health state SOH value of each supercapacitor unit is regularly estimated and recorded using the coulomb counting method; Based on the recorded SOH values, calculate the SOH decay rate of each supercapacitor unit by comparing the current SOH value with the SOH value at a previous reference point and dividing by the number of charge and discharge cycles since that reference point; When it is detected that the SOH decay rate of a certain supercapacitor unit exceeds a preset threshold, that is, when the SOH decreases by more than a preset percentage per a preset number of charge and discharge cycles, specifically, when the SOH decreases by more than 5% per 100 cycles, the control module triggers the balancing process for the specific unit; During the balancing process, the voltage balancing unit is used to control energy transfer to achieve balanced energy distribution and reduce performance differences between units; After the balancing process is completed, the system re-evaluates the SOH values ​​of all supercapacitor units and calculates new attenuation rates to verify the balancing effect; if the balancing fails to achieve the expected effect, the balancing strategy is adjusted or the unit is marked as a potential failure point.

7. An active balancing supercapacitor device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The third priority is specifically: The operating temperature of each supercapacitor unit is monitored in real time through the built-in temperature sensor. The control module receives the data from the temperature sensor and compares it with the preset temperature threshold, i.e. 45°C. When it is detected that the temperature of any supercapacitor unit exceeds the threshold, the balancing process for that specific unit is immediately triggered; During the balancing process, the voltage balancing unit is used to control the energy transfer to reduce the temperature of the overheated unit and balance the energy distribution of the entire system; The system continuously monitors the temperature changes of overheated units and adjusts the speed and amount of energy transfer to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the balancing process. At the same time, it monitors the temperature of other units to prevent overheating of other units caused by energy transfer. When the temperature of the overheated unit drops to a safe range, the balancing process ends. At this time, the system continues to monitor the temperature and status of all supercapacitor units to ensure stable operation of the system; if the temperature rises above the threshold again, the system repeats the above balancing process.

8. A control method for an active balanced supercapacitor device, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The SOH of each supercapacitor cell was estimated using the coulomb counting method; Dynamically adjust the voltage upper limit threshold of each supercapacitor unit according to the SOH value; Monitor the status of the supercapacitor system according to the preset multi-objective balancing trigger logic; When the balancing trigger condition is met, the balancing process is started, and the energy transfer between the supercapacitor units is controlled by the voltage balancing unit.

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