Distributed roof photovoltaic monitoring management system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a distributed roof photovoltaic monitoring management system, and the system comprises a data collection layer which is used for collecting all operation data and environment data of the distributed roof photovoltaic monitoring management system for each photovoltaic station; each operation data comprises the voltage, current and power of the photovoltaic module and the operation state and efficiency of the inverter; the environment data comprises illumination intensity, temperature and humidity of the environment; and the data processing layer is used for realizing fault diagnosis and alarm, generating capacity prediction, equipment management and report generation of the system based on various operation data and environment data. Compared with the prior art, the distributed roof photovoltaic monitoring management system can realize unified monitoring and management of a plurality of photovoltaic sites.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic monitoring and management, and particularly relates to a distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system. Background Art

[0002] A distributed rooftop photovoltaic system is a power generation method that installs photovoltaic power generation equipment on the rooftops of buildings, and has the characteristics of decentralized layout, on-site power generation, and flexible grid connection.

[0003] Existing distributed rooftop photovoltaic systems mainly include:

[0004] Photovoltaic modules: They are the core components that convert solar energy into electrical energy, usually composed of multiple solar cells connected in series or parallel. Common types include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and thin-film solar cell modules.

[0005] Inverters: Their function is to convert the direct current generated by photovoltaic modules into alternating current that meets the requirements of the power grid for users to use or connect to the grid. At the same time, they also have the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function, which can make the photovoltaic modules always operate in the optimal power generation state.

[0006] Bracket systems: They are used to fix photovoltaic modules so that they can be installed on the rooftop at a suitable angle and orientation to fully receive sunlight. The bracket system needs to have sufficient strength and stability to withstand the weight of the photovoltaic modules and natural loads such as wind and snow that may be faced.

[0007] Electrical equipment: It includes power distribution cabinets, metering devices, grid connection switches, etc. The power distribution cabinet is used for power distribution and control, the metering device is used for statistics of power generation and consumption, and the grid connection switch realizes the connection and disconnection control with the power grid.

[0008] Currently, there are still some problems in distributed rooftop photovoltaic systems:

[0009] (1) Efficiency problems

[0010] Lighting condition limitations: The power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules is closely related to factors such as light intensity, light duration, and angle. In some areas with insufficient lighting resources, or when there are obstructions around the building, the photovoltaic modules cannot fully receive sunlight, resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency.

[0011] Component aging: As the usage time increases, the performance of photovoltaic modules will gradually decline, and the power generation efficiency will decrease. Generally, the warranty period of photovoltaic modules is 25 years, but in actual use, due to environmental factors, manufacturing processes, etc., the aging speed of the components may be accelerated.

[0012] Temperature impact: The efficiency of photovoltaic modules decreases as the temperature rises. In high-temperature environments, especially in summer, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules may be significantly affected.

[0013] (II) Installation and maintenance issues

[0014] Roof load-bearing capacity: When installing a distributed rooftop photovoltaic system, the roof's load-bearing capacity needs to be considered. If the roof structure cannot withstand the weight of the photovoltaic system, there may be safety hazards, and the roof needs to be reinforced, which increases the installation cost and construction difficulty.

[0015] Installation difficulty: For some roofs with irregular shapes and complex structures, it is more difficult to install a photovoltaic system, and special bracket systems need to be customized, increasing the installation cost and time.

[0016] Maintenance cost: The distributed rooftop photovoltaic system needs to be maintained regularly, including cleaning the photovoltaic modules, inspecting electrical equipment, and maintaining the bracket system. Due to the high installation position of the roof, professional equipment and personnel are required for maintenance work, increasing the maintenance cost.

[0017] (III) Grid connection issues

[0018] Grid access restrictions: In some areas, the grid access capacity is limited. When the installed capacity of the distributed rooftop photovoltaic system is large, it may face difficulties in grid connection. In addition, the grid has strict requirements for the access conditions and power quality of the photovoltaic system, and corresponding modifications and debugging need to be carried out on the photovoltaic system to meet the grid connection standards.

[0019] Power quality issues: The power quality of the distributed rooftop photovoltaic system output may be affected by various factors, such as the performance of the inverter and the matching degree of the photovoltaic modules. If the power quality does not meet the standards, it may cause problems such as harmonic pollution and voltage fluctuations to the grid, affecting the stable operation of the grid.

[0020] (IV) Cost issues

[0021] High initial investment: The upfront construction cost of the distributed rooftop photovoltaic system is relatively high, including photovoltaic modules, inverters, bracket systems, electrical equipment, installation costs, etc. For some small users, it may be difficult to afford such a high initial investment.

[0022] Long investment recovery period: Although the distributed rooftop photovoltaic system can gradually recover the investment through power generation income during operation, due to the influence of various factors on power generation efficiency and factors such as the grid purchase price, the investment recovery period is relatively long, generally taking 8 - 10 years or even longer.

[0023] (V) Unified monitoring and management issues

[0024] For multiple photovoltaic sites, there is a lack of a unified monitoring and management platform. Summary of the Invention

[0025] Aiming at the technical defects pointed out in the background art, the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system.

[0026] To achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide a distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system, including:

[0027] A data acquisition layer, which is used to collect various operation data and environmental data of the distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system for each photovoltaic site; the various operation data include the voltage, current and power of photovoltaic modules, and the operation status and efficiency of inverters; the environmental data includes the light intensity, temperature and humidity of the environment.

[0028] A data processing layer, which is used to realize fault diagnosis and alarm, power generation prediction, equipment management and report generation of the system based on the various operation data and environmental data.

[0029] As a specific implementation manner of the present application, the data processing layer includes:

[0030] A fault diagnosis and alarm unit, which is used to automatically perform fault judgment and identification according to the various operations, obtain the fault location and fault type, and send an alarm message to the maintenance personnel for timely processing;

[0031] A power generation prediction unit, which is used to obtain the historical power generation data of any photovoltaic site and combine it with meteorological forecast data to perform power generation prediction and obtain the predicted power generation;

[0032] An equipment management unit, which is used to obtain the data of multiple devices in any photovoltaic site and realize equipment file management, maintenance plan execution and equipment life assessment based on the data of multiple devices;

[0033] A report generation unit, which is used to analyze the various operation data, fault identification results and predicted power generation, and generate various reports for display to the user; the various reports include power statistics reports, power generation efficiency analysis reports, equipment fault statistics and analysis reports, and revenue analysis reports.

[0034] Further, as a preferred implementation manner of the present application, the fault diagnosis and alarm unit is further used for:

[0035] Performing abnormal monitoring on the cable connecting the photovoltaic module and the inverter.

[0036] Among them, performing abnormal monitoring on the cable connecting the photovoltaic module and the inverter specifically means:

[0037] A plurality of sensors are arranged inside and outside the cable, and cable data is obtained through the plurality of sensors;

[0038] An environmental impact model is established; the environmental impact model is constructed based on a machine learning algorithm and is used to represent the impact of environmental factors on the insulation state of the cable;

[0039] The cable data is input into the environmental impact model, and the probability or score of the cable insulation state is output.

[0040] Further, as a preferred implementation manner of the present application, for abnormal monitoring of the cable connecting the photovoltaic module and the inverter, it further includes:

[0041] Collect the operation data of the cable on multiple time scales;

[0042] Comprehensively analyze the operation data of the cable through a multi-scale anomaly detection algorithm, form an anomaly detection report, and automatically trigger an early warning mechanism to notify the operation and maintenance personnel through multiple channels.

[0043] Further, as a preferred implementation manner of the present application, the data processing layer further includes:

[0044] A charge and discharge management unit, which is used to formulate and adjust the discharge plan of the battery, and record the detailed data of each charge and discharge, including equipment number, equipment name, cluster code, start and end time, and discharge amount.

[0045] Further, as a preferred implementation manner of the present application, the data processing layer further includes a warning management unit, which is used for:

[0046] Provide an alarm list; the alarm list displays all fault alarm information, including equipment name, area, site, generation time, processing time, equipment code, level, fault code and status;

[0047] Record all early warning event information, including the triggering unit and the processing status;

[0048] Set and manage warning rules, and define warning trigger conditions according to actual needs.

[0049] Further, as a preferred implementation manner of the present application, the data processing layer further includes an operation and maintenance file management unit, which is used for:

[0050] Manage the maintenance and repair records; the maintenance and repair records include the site, equipment name, equipment code, repair person, processing method, problem description, replacement image, repair time and processing time.

[0051] Implementing the distributed rooftop PV monitoring and management system provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the data acquisition layer acquires various operation data and environmental data of the distributed rooftop PV monitoring and management system for each PV site, and the data processing layer realizes fault diagnosis and alarm, power generation prediction, equipment management and report generation of the system based on the various operation data and environmental data; that is, through the system provided by the embodiments of the present invention, unified monitoring and management of multiple PV sites can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art.

[0053] Figure 1 is the structural diagram of the distributed rooftop PV monitoring and management system provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the structural diagram of the data processing layer shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0055] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0056] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or their combinations.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 1 , the distributed rooftop PV monitoring and management system provided by the embodiments of the present invention includes:

[0058] A data acquisition layer, configured to acquire various operation data and environmental data of the distributed rooftop PV monitoring and management system for each PV site; the various operation data include the voltage, current and power of the PV modules, and the operation status and efficiency of the inverters; the environmental data includes the light intensity and temperature and humidity of the environment;

[0059] A data processing layer, configured to realize fault diagnosis and alarm, power generation prediction, equipment management and report generation of the system based on the various operation data and environmental data.

[0060] Please refer to againFigure 2 , the data processing layer includes a fault diagnosis and alarm unit, a power generation prediction unit, an equipment management unit, a report generation unit, a charge and discharge management unit, a warning management unit, and an operation and maintenance file management unit.

[0061] Specifically, the fault diagnosis and alarm unit is mainly used for:

[0062] Automatically perform fault judgment and identification according to the various operations, obtain the fault location and fault type, and send an alarm message to the maintenance personnel for timely processing; in specific implementation, algorithms such as machine learning or neural networks can be introduced for automatic fault judgment and identification; once a fault occurs, the system can send the alarm message to the relevant personnel through text messages, emails, or APP push, etc., to facilitate timely maintenance and reduce the power generation loss caused by equipment failures.

[0063] In the above-mentioned distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system, cables are required to connect multiple devices. Many fault analyses and judgments focus on the equipment itself. In fact, cable failures will also cause great losses. Based on this, in addition to fault diagnosis of equipment, the above-mentioned fault diagnosis and alarm unit can also: perform abnormal monitoring on the cables connecting the photovoltaic modules and the inverters.

[0064] Among them, the abnormal monitoring of the cables connecting the photovoltaic modules and the inverters is specifically:

[0065] Deploy multiple sensors inside and outside the cable; for example, the sensors deployed inside the cable include temperature, humidity, vibration, current, voltage sensors, etc., and the sensors deployed outside the cable are mainly used to sense environmental information, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, electromagnetic interference sensors, etc.;

[0066] Obtain cable data through multiple sensors; it should be noted that in order to ensure the subsequent analysis results, missing value filling, data standardization, and outlier processing, etc. are also required for the cable data;

[0067] Establish an environmental impact model; the environmental impact model is constructed based on machine learning algorithms and is used to represent the impact of environmental factors on the cable insulation state; in this embodiment, the random forest algorithm is selected for model construction;

[0068] Input the cable data into the environmental impact model and output the probability or score of the cable insulation state.

[0069] To ensure the accuracy of cable insulation condition prediction and analysis, it is also necessary to adjust and optimize the parameters of the above environmental impact model, and regularly evaluate the model performance. Specifically, accuracy and recall metrics are used for evaluation, and genetic algorithms or Bayesian optimization methods are used to automatically adjust the hyperparameters of the model. Based on the evaluation results and the optimized hyperparameters, the model is updated. When potential anomalies are detected, the abnormal data and context information are recorded, and the recorded abnormal data is used for further training of the model to gradually increase new abnormal patterns. The generalization ability of the model is regularly checked to avoid overfitting.

[0070] Furthermore, for the abnormal monitoring of the cable connecting the photovoltaic module and the inverter, it further includes:

[0071] Collecting the operation data of the cable at multiple time scales (such as second level, minute level, hour level, day level); specifically, the temperature sensor can collect data once per second, while the humidity sensor can collect data once per minute;

[0072] Comprehensively analyzing the operation data of the cable through a multi-scale anomaly detection algorithm to form an anomaly detection report, and automatically triggering an early warning mechanism to notify the operation and maintenance personnel through multiple channels.

[0073] It should be noted that the second-level detection is to use time series-based algorithms ARIMA or LSTM for real-time detection, the minute-level detection uses window sliding technology to summarize the data in minute windows for medium and short-term detection, the hour-level detection is to summarize the data in hour windows and use the statistical method Z-score for long-term detection, and the day-level detection is to summarize the data in day windows and use the trend analysis method moving average for long-term trend detection.

[0074] Specifically, the power generation prediction unit is used to obtain the historical power generation data of any photovoltaic site, adopt a prediction algorithm, and combine with meteorological forecast data to predict the power generation, and obtain the predicted power generation. Understandably, this helps the power station operator to reasonably arrange the operation and maintenance plan, optimize the power dispatching, and provide an accurate revenue expectation for the owner.

[0075] Specifically, the equipment management unit is used to obtain the data of multiple devices in any photovoltaic site, and based on the data of multiple devices, realize equipment file management, maintenance plan execution, and equipment life assessment. Understandably, this helps to discover potential problems of the equipment in advance, carry out maintenance and replacement in time, extend the service life of the equipment, and reduce the operation and maintenance cost.

[0076] Specifically, the report generation unit is used to analyze various operation data, fault identification results, and predicted power generation, and generate various reports for display to the user; the various reports include power statistics reports, power generation efficiency analysis reports, equipment fault statistics and analysis reports, and revenue analysis reports. Understandably, these reports and charts provide users with intuitive data displays, helping users understand the operation performance and economic benefits of the photovoltaic system and providing a basis for decision-making.

[0077] Furthermore, the charge and discharge management unit is used to formulate and adjust the battery discharge plan, and record the detailed data of each charge and discharge, including equipment number, equipment name, cluster code, start and end times, and discharge amount. These records can provide valuable data support for subsequent analysis and optimization.

[0078] Furthermore, the early warning management unit is used for:

[0079] Providing an alarm list; the alarm list displays all fault alarm information, including equipment name, area, site, generation time, processing time, equipment code, level, fault code, and status; it can help users quickly locate and respond to abnormal situations in the system and sort them by priority for easy user handling;

[0080] Recording all early warning event information, including triggering unit and processing status; through the detailed view of early warning records, users can understand potential risks, and through event processing, necessary measures can be taken to avoid problems from occurring;

[0081] Setting and managing early warning rules, and defining early warning trigger conditions according to actual needs; this enables the system to timely warn of potential risks, thereby improving the safety and stability of the overall system.

[0082] Furthermore, the operation and maintenance file management unit is used for:

[0083] Managing maintenance and repair records; the maintenance and repair records include site, equipment name, equipment code, repairer, processing method, problem description, replacement image, repair time, and processing time; these records provide a reference for subsequent maintenance work and can help improve the operation efficiency of the system and the lifespan of the equipment.

[0084] Implementing the distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the data acquisition layer collects various operation data and environmental data of the distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system for each photovoltaic site, and the data processing layer realizes system fault diagnosis and alarm, power generation prediction, equipment management, and report generation based on the various operation data and environmental data; that is, through the system provided by the embodiments of the present invention, unified monitoring and management of multiple photovoltaic sites can be achieved.

[0085] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system, characterized in that: include: The data collection layer is used to collect various operating data and environmental data of the distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system for each photovoltaic site; the various operating data include the voltage, current and power of the photovoltaic modules, the operating status and efficiency of the inverter; the environmental data include the light intensity, temperature and humidity of the environment; The data processing layer is used to realize system fault diagnosis and alarm, power generation prediction, equipment management and report generation based on various operating data and environmental data.

2. The distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing layer includes: The fault diagnosis and alarm unit is used to automatically judge and identify faults according to the above operations, obtain the fault location and fault type, and send alarm information to maintenance personnel for timely processing; The power generation prediction unit is used to obtain the historical power generation data of any photovoltaic site and to predict the power generation in combination with the weather forecast data to obtain the predicted power generation; The equipment management unit is used to obtain data of multiple equipment in any photovoltaic site, and implement equipment file management, maintenance plan execution and equipment life assessment based on the data of multiple equipment; The report generation unit is used to analyze various operating data, fault identification results and predicted power generation, and generate various reports for display to users; various reports include power statistics report, power generation efficiency analysis report, equipment fault statistics and analysis report, and profit analysis report.

3. The distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fault diagnosis and alarm unit is also used for: The cable connecting the photovoltaic module and the inverter is monitored for abnormalities.

4. The distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cable connecting the photovoltaic module and the inverter is monitored for abnormalities, specifically: Arrange multiple sensors inside and outside the cable to obtain cable data through the multiple sensors; Establishing an environmental impact model; the environmental impact model is constructed based on a machine learning algorithm and is used to represent the impact of environmental factors on the insulation state of the cable; The cable data is input into the environmental impact model, and the probability or score of the cable insulation status is output.

5. The distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multiple sensors arranged inside the cable include a temperature and humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, a current sensor and a voltage sensor; the multiple sensors arranged outside the cable include a temperature and humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor and an electromagnetic interference sensor.

6. The distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The abnormality monitoring of the cable connecting the photovoltaic module and the inverter also includes: Collect cable operation data at multiple time scales; The cable operation data is comprehensively analyzed through a multi-scale anomaly detection algorithm to form an anomaly detection report, which automatically triggers an early warning mechanism and notifies operation and maintenance personnel through multiple channels.

7. The distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The data processing layer also includes: The charge and discharge management unit is used to formulate and adjust the battery discharge plan; The charge and discharge management unit is also used to record detailed data of each charge and discharge, including device number, device name, cluster code, start and end time, and discharge amount.

8. The distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data processing layer also includes an early warning management unit, which is used to: Provide an alarm list; the alarm list displays all fault alarm information, including device name, area, site, generation time, processing time, device code, level, fault code and status; Record all warning event information, including triggering units and processing status; Set up and manage warning rules, and define warning trigger conditions based on actual needs.

9. The distributed rooftop photovoltaic monitoring and management system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data processing layer also includes an operation and maintenance archive management unit, which is used to: Manage maintenance and repair records; maintenance and repair records include site, equipment name, equipment code, repair person, handling method, problem description, replacement image, repair time and handling time.

Images