Compositions comprising encapsulated diclosoxazone and non-encapsulated diclosoxazone

Abstract

Described herein are compositions comprising an encapsulated dichloro clomazone and a non-encapsulated dichloro clomazone. Methods of making these compositions are also described herein. Also described herein are methods for controlling undesirable vegetation with these compositions.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This disclosure describes compositions comprising encapsulated clomazone and non-encapsulated clomazone. Methods for preparing these compositions are also described. Methods for controlling unwanted vegetation with these compositions are also described. BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] Clomazone compositions generally balance crop safety and efficacy. Generally, encapsulated clomazone is more selective and thus safer, but less efficacious, than non-encapsulated clomazone. Additionally, both target crop injury and non-target crop injury (e.g., caused by spray drift) must be considered. These balancing considerations limit formulations containing clomazone. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0003] It has been found herein that compositions comprising both encapsulated clomazone and non-encapsulated clomazone are safe and effective. Formulations of mixtures of encapsulated clomazone and non-encapsulated clomazone unexpectedly enhance safety such that non-target crop injury in the absence of a safener is comparable to non-target crop injury in the presence of a safener. In other words, ZC clomazone formulations (comprising mixtures of clomazone CS and clomazone SC) provide crop safety that is at least equal to, and generally greater than, the safety levels provided by traditional safeners with non-encapsulated clomazone (clomazone SC). Additionally, ZC clomazone formulations provide additional safety benefits to non-target plants by providing volatility control when applied to the soil and when non-target plants are exposed due to spray drift.

[0004] In compositions comprising both encapsulated clomazone and non-encapsulated clomazone, a safener is not strictly required. Compositions comprising both encapsulated clomazone and non-encapsulated clomazone in ZC formulations are effective and can be used in multiple forms.

[0005] Enhanced target crop safety can also be achieved by adding a safener to the clomazone ZC formulation. In these improved clomazone ZC formulations, the clomazone ZC formulation itself provides most of the safety effect.

[0006] In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) encapsulated clomazone; (ii) non-encapsulated clomazone; and (iii) optionally additional active ingredients, wherein the composition does not comprise a safener.

[0007] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a composition, the method comprising: I) encapsulating clomazone; and II) forming a mixture comprising: (i) the encapsulated clomazone; (ii) non-encapsulated clomazone; and (iii) optionally additional active ingredients, wherein the composition does not contain a safener.

[0008] In yet another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method for controlling undesired vegetation, the method comprising applying a composition comprising: (i) encapsulated clomazone; (ii) non-encapsulated clomazone; and (iii) optionally additional active ingredients to the undesired vegetation or its locus or to the soil or crop to prevent emergence or growth of the undesired vegetation, wherein the composition does not contain a safener. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 (FIGURE 1) depicts an exemplary embodiment of a post-emergence early application of a herbicidal composition according to the present disclosure. Twelve trials were conducted for each composition.

[0010] Figure 2 (FIGURE 2) depicts an exemplary embodiment of a post-emergence early application of a herbicidal composition according to the present disclosure. Twelve trials were conducted for each composition, which were evaluated according to crop stage.

[0011] Figure 3 (FIGURE 3) depicts an exemplary embodiment of a post-emergence early application of a herbicidal composition according to the present disclosure. Twelve trials were conducted for each composition, which were evaluated according to crop stage.

[0012] Figure 4 (FIGURE 4) depicts an exemplary embodiment of a post-emergence early application of a herbicidal composition according to the present disclosure, followed by harvesting without any negative impact on quantity and quality. Four trials were conducted for each composition, which were grouped according to evaluation time.

[0013] Figure 5 (FIGURE 5) depicts an exemplary embodiment of a pre-emergence application of a herbicidal composition according to the present disclosure after sowing.

[0014] Figure 6 (FIGURE 6) depicts an exemplary embodiment of a pre-emergence application of a herbicidal composition according to the present disclosure after sowing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] This written description uses examples to illustrate the disclosure, including the best mode, and also enables any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any composition or system and performing any incorporated method. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent elements that do not differ materially from the literal language of the claims.

[0016] As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains,” “containing,” “characterized by,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitations explicitly recited. For example, a composition, mixture, process, or method that comprises a series of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or other elements inherent to such composition, mixture, process, or method.

[0017] The connecting phrase “consisting of” excludes any unrecited element, step, or ingredient. If used in a claim, this phrase renders the claim closed, excluding materials other than those recited, except for impurities ordinarily associated therewith. When the phrase “consisting of” appears in a clause of the claim body rather than immediately following the preamble, the phrase limits only the elements set forth in that clause; as a whole, the claim does not exclude other elements.

[0018] The connective "consisting essentially of" is used to define a composition or method that includes materials, steps, features, components, or elements other than those literally disclosed, provided that these additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed invention. The term "consisting essentially of" lies between "comprising" and "consisting of". The use of "consisting essentially of" in this document allows the applicant (as a lexicographer) to define the claimed invention by excluding any materials, steps, features, or methods that the applicant deems non-critical to the claimed invention but may be known in the prior art and otherwise could be included in the claimed invention, whether or not such inclusion or exclusion is specifically described in the specification. The sole purpose for which the applicant may exclude any material, step, feature, or method may be to exclude elements of the prior art that would affect the novelty of the claimed invention and thus its patentability. Thus, if the inclusion of any element of the prior art is detrimental to the patentability of the claimed invention, the use of "consisting essentially of" in this document does not require express support from the specification to exclude such element from the claimed invention.

[0019] When an invention or a part thereof is defined by an open-ended term such as "comprising", it should be understood (unless otherwise stated) that the description should also be interpreted as using the terms "consisting essentially of" or "consisting of" to describe such invention.

[0020] Furthermore, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or" means inclusive or rather than exclusive or. For example, the condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or absent), A is false (or absent) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0021] In addition, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" preceding an element or component of the present invention are intended to be non-restrictive with respect to the number of instances (i.e., occurrences) of such element or component. Thus, "a" or "an" should be understood to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of an element or component also includes the plural, unless the number clearly means the singular. The term "optionally" associated with an ingredient or method in a formulation of the present invention may alternatively mean "present or absent". Unless otherwise stated or indicated, the "presence" or "absence" of an "optional" component is independent of the presence or absence of other formulation ingredients or steps.

[0022] As used herein, the term "about" provides an estimate of the value relevant to the claimed invention depending on the context in which it is used, where the estimate is reasonable when considered in conjunction with the description of the present invention and taking into account the information known from publicly available information, as such information would be understood or interpreted by a person of ordinary skill in the art. Generally, the term "about" as used herein means that the estimate will fall within plus or minus 10% of the relevant value. Clomazone is a herbicide recently introduced by FMC Corporation, and its CAS name is 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone. For convenience, clomazone is commercially sold as (as a formulated material) "Overwatch", and is also known as "DCPMI", "F9600", "2,4-DC", and "dichloroclomazone". In one embodiment, the clomazone may be industrial grade clomazone, where the purity ranges from 90% to 95% by weight. In another embodiment, the clomazone may be a composition comprising greater than 95% by weight of pure 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolinone. In another embodiment, "pure clomazone" means 100% pure 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolinone.

[0023] As used herein, "wt%" refers to the weight percentage of the component relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0024] The embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined in any manner.

[0025] The composition embodiments of the present disclosure include:

[0026] Example A1. A composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the non-encapsulated clomazone is provided by the SC component of the formulation.

[0027] Example A2. A composition as described in Example A1, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is provided by the CS component of the formulation.

[0028] Example A3. A composition as described in Example A1, wherein the clomazone in the SC component of the formulation is diffusible after dilution.

[0029] Example A4. A composition as described in Example A2, wherein the clomazone in the CS component of the formulation is non-diffusible after dilution.

[0030] Example A5. A composition as described in Example A4, wherein the clomazone in the CS component of the formulation is available for the site of the vegetation after application.

[0031] Example B1. The composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:9 to about 9:1.

[0032] Example B2. The composition as described in Example B1, wherein the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:8 to about 8:1.

[0033] Example B3. The composition as described in Example B2, wherein the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:7 to about 7:1.

[0034] Example B4. The composition as described in Example B3, wherein the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:6 to about 6:1.

[0035] Example B5. The composition as described in Example B4, wherein the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:5 to about 5:1.

[0036] Example B6. The composition as described in Example B5, wherein the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:4 to about 4:1.

[0037] Example B7. The composition as described in Example B6, wherein the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:3 to about 3:1.

[0038] Example B8. The composition as described in Example B7, wherein the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:2 to about 2:1.

[0039] Example B9. The composition as described in Example B6, wherein the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:1 to about 1:1.

[0040] Example C1. The composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated with a material selected from the following: synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum arabic, agar, dextrin, alginic acid, alginates, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, waxes, chitosan, alginates, cellulose, gelatin, their derivatives, and combinations thereof.

[0041] Example C2. The composition according to Example C1, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated with a material selected from: polyureas, biodegradable natural polymers, chitosan, waxes, alginates, celluloses, gelatins, and combinations thereof.

[0042] Example C3. The composition according to Example C1, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated with a synthetic polymer.

[0043] Example C4. The composition according to Example C3, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated with a polyurea.

[0044] Example D1. The composition according to the Summary of the Invention, wherein the additional active ingredient is encapsulated with a material selected from: synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum arabic, agar, dextrin, alginic acid, alginates, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starches, dextrins, waxes, chitosan, alginates, celluloses, gelatins, their derivatives, and combinations thereof.

[0045] Example D2. The composition according to Example D1, wherein the additional active ingredient is encapsulated with a material selected from: polyureas, biodegradable natural polymers, chitosan, waxes, alginates, celluloses, gelatins, and combinations thereof.

[0046] Example D3. The composition according to Example D1, wherein the additional active ingredient is encapsulated with a synthetic polymer.

[0047] Example D4. The composition according to Example D3, wherein the additional active ingredient is encapsulated with a polyurea.

[0048] Example E1. The composition according to the Summary of the Invention, wherein the additional active ingredient is selected from butamifos, spirobutamifos, pronamide, clomazone, and combinations thereof.

[0049] Example E2. The composition according to Example E1, wherein the additional active ingredient is selected from butamifos.

[0050] Example E3. The composition according to Example E1, wherein the additional active ingredient is selected from spirobutamifos.

[0051] Example E4. The composition according to Example E1, wherein the additional active ingredient is selected from pronamide.

[0052] Example E5. The composition according to Example E1, wherein the additional active ingredient is selected from clomazone.

[0053] Example F1. The composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated separately from the additional active ingredient.

[0054] Example F2. The composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein clomazone and the additional active ingredient are co-encapsulated.

[0055] Example G1. The composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the composition further comprises adjuvants selected from the group consisting of: dispersants, surfactants, biocides, defoamers, antifreeze agents, rheology modifiers, wetting agents, solvents, salts, and combinations thereof.

[0056] Example G2. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises adjuvants selected from the group consisting of: dispersants, surfactants, biocides, defoamers, antifreeze agents, rheology modifiers, wetting agents, solvents, and combinations thereof.

[0057] Example G3. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises a dispersant.

[0058] Example G4. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises a surfactant.

[0059] Example G5. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises a biocide.

[0060] Example G6. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises a defoamer.

[0061] Example G7. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises an antifreeze agent.

[0062] Example G8. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises a rheology modifier.

[0063] Example G9. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises a wetting agent.

[0064] Example G10. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises a solvent.

[0065] Example G11. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises a salt.

[0066] Example G12. The composition as described in Example G10, wherein the composition further comprises a salt selected from sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, and combinations thereof.

[0067] Example G13. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises two or more auxiliaries.

[0068] Example G14. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises three or more auxiliaries.

[0069] Example G15. The composition as described in Example G1, wherein the composition further comprises four or more auxiliaries.

[0070] Example H1. The composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the composition is in a form selected from a premix and a tank mix.

[0071] Example H2. The composition as described in Example H1, wherein the composition is a premix.

[0072] Example H3. The composition as described in Example H1, wherein the composition is a tank mix.

[0073] The composition examples of the present disclosure can be combined with the preparation method examples of the present disclosure in any manner. Similarly, the preparation method examples of the present disclosure can be combined in any manner. Therefore, the following examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and in no way limit the present disclosure in any way.

[0074] The preparation method examples of the present disclosure include:

[0075] Example I1. A method for preparing a composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated with a material selected from the following: synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum arabic, agar, dextrin, alginic acid, alginates, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, waxes, chitosan, alginates, cellulose, gelatin, their derivatives, and combinations thereof.

[0076] Example I2. The method for preparing a composition as described in Example I1, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated with a material selected from the following: polyureas, biodegradable natural polymers, chitosan, waxes, alginates, cellulose, gelatin, and combinations thereof.

[0077] Example I3. The method for preparing a composition as described in Example I1, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated with a synthetic polymer.

[0078] Example I4. The method for preparing a composition as described in Example I3, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated with a polyurea.

[0079] Example J1. The method for preparing the composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, which further comprises encapsulating the additional active ingredient before forming the mixture.

[0080] Example K1. The method for preparing the composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the additional active ingredient is encapsulated with a material selected from the following: synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum arabic, agar, dextrin, alginic acid, alginates, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, waxes, chitosan, alginates, cellulose, gelatin, its derivatives, and combinations thereof.

[0081] Example K2. The method for preparing the composition as described in Example K1, wherein the additional active ingredient is encapsulated with a material selected from the following: polyureas, biodegradable natural polymers, chitosan, waxes, alginates, cellulose, gelatin, and combinations thereof.

[0082] Example K3. The method for preparing the composition as described in Example K1, wherein the additional active ingredient is encapsulated with a synthetic polymer.

[0083] Example K4. The method for preparing the composition as described in Example K3, wherein the additional active ingredient is encapsulated with a polyurea.

[0084] Example L1. The method for preparing the composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated separately from the additional active ingredient.

[0085] Example L2. The method for preparing the composition as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein clomazone and the additional active ingredient are co-encapsulated.

[0086] Example L3. The method for preparing the composition as described in Example L2, wherein clomazone and the additional active ingredient are co-encapsulated in the same capsule.

[0087] Example L4. The method for preparing the composition as described in Example L2, wherein clomazone and the additional active ingredient are co-encapsulated in a mixture of different capsules.

[0088] The composition examples of the present disclosure can be combined with the method examples of the present disclosure for controlling undesired vegetation in any manner. Similarly, the preparation method examples of the present disclosure can be combined with the method examples of the present disclosure for controlling undesired vegetation in any manner. Similarly, the method examples of the present disclosure for controlling undesired vegetation can be combined in any manner. Therefore, the following examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and in no way limit the present disclosure in any way.

[0089] Examples of the method for controlling unwanted vegetation disclosed herein include:

[0090] Example M1. The method for controlling unwanted vegetation as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the unwanted vegetation includes at least one herbicide-resistant or herbicide-tolerant weed species.

[0091] Example M2. The method for controlling unwanted vegetation as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the unwanted vegetation includes broadleaf weeds or grass weeds.

[0092] Example M3. A method for controlling unwanted vegetation as described in Example M2, wherein the unwanted vegetation is selected from: Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH), Acalypha virginica (ACCVI), Alopecurus myosuroides (ALOMY), Amaranthus retroflexus (AMARE), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (AMBEL), Anagallis arvensis (ANGAR), Apera spica-venti (APESV), Arrhenatherum elatius (ARREB), Calystegia sepium (CAGSE), Capsella bursa-pastoris (CAPBP), Centaurea cyanus (CENCY), Chenopodium album (CHEAL), Chenopodium hybridum (CHEHY), Chenopodium polyspermum (CHEPO), Convolvulus arvensis (CONAR), Cynodon dactylon (CYNDA), Cyperus difformis (CYPDI), Cyperus iria (CYPIR), Datura stramonium (DATST), Daucus carota (DAUCA), Descurainia sophia (DESSO), Digitaria sanguinalis (DIGSA), Echinochloa crus-galli (ECHCG), Echinochloa colonum (ECHCO), Fumaria officinalis (FUMOF), Galium aparine (GALAP), Galinsoga quadriradiata (GASCI), Geranium dissectum (GERDI), Geranium mole (GERMO), Geraniumpusillum)(GERPU), Hibiscus trionum (HIBTR), Lamium amplexicaule (LAMAM), Lamium purpureum (LAMPU), Buglossoides arvensis (LITAR), Lolium multiflorum (LOLMU), Lolium perenne (LOLPE), Lolium rigidum (LOLRI), Matricaria chamomilla (MATCH), Tripleurospermum inodorum (MATIN), Mercurialis annua (MERAN), Panicum dichotomiflorum (PANDI), Panicum miliaceum (PANMI), Papaver rhoeas (PAPRH), Phalaris minor (PHAMI), Poa annua (POAAN), Polygonum aviculare (POLAV), Fallopia convolvulus (POLCO), Persicaria hydropiper (POLHY), Persicaria lapathifolia (POLLA), Persicaria maculosa (POLPE), Portulaca oleracea (POROL), Potentilla tridentate (PTLTR), Senecio vulgaris (SENVU), Setaria pumila (SETPU), Setaria viridis (SETVI), Solanum nigrum (SOLNI), Sorghum halepense (SORHA), Stellaria media (STEME), Trifolium incarnatum (TRFIN), Veronica arvensis (VERAR), Veronica hederifolia (VERHE), Veronica persicaPersica)(VERPE), wild pansy (Viola arvensis)(VIOAR) and cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium(XANST), and combinations thereof.

[0093] Example M4. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH).

[0094] Example M5. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Acalypha virginica (ACCVI).

[0095] Example M6. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Alopecurus myosuroides (ALOMY).

[0096] Example M7. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Amaranthus retroflexus (AMARE).

[0097] Example M8. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Ambrosia artemisiifolia (AMBEL).

[0098] Example M9. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Anagallis arvensis (ANGAR).

[0099] Example M10. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Apluda mutica (APESV).

[0100] Example M11. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Arrhenatherum elatius (ARREB).

[0101] Example M12. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Calystegia sepium (CAGSE).

[0102] Example M13. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Capsella bursa-pastoris (CAPBP).

[0103] Example M14. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Centaurea cyanus (CENCY).

[0104] Example M15. The method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Chenopodium album (CHEAL).

[0105] Example M16. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Chenopodium hybridum (CHEHY).

[0106] Example M17. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Chenopodium polyspermum (CHEPO).

[0107] Example M18. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Convolvulus arvensis (CONAR).

[0108] Example M19. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Cynodon dactylon (CYNDA).

[0109] Example M20. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Cyperus difformis (CYPDI).

[0110] Example M21. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Cyperus iria (CYPIR).

[0111] Example M22. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Datura stramonium (DATST).

[0112] Example M23. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Daucus carota (DAUCA).

[0113] Example M24. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Descurainia sophia (DESSO).

[0114] Example M25. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Digitaria sanguinalis (DIGSA).

[0115] Example M26. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis (ECHCG).

[0116] Example M27. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Echinochloa colonum (ECHCO).

[0117] Example M28. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Fumaria officinalis (FUMOF).

[0118] Example M29. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Galium aparine (GALAP).

[0119] Example M30. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Galinsoga ciliata (GASCI).

[0120] Example M31. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Geranium dissectum (GERDI).

[0121] Example M32. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Geranium molle (GERMO).

[0122] Example M33. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Geranium pusillum (GERPU).

[0123] Example M34. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Hibiscus trionum (HIBTR).

[0124] Example M35. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Lamium amplexicaule (LAMAM).

[0125] Example M36. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Lamium amplexicaule var. macranthum (LAMPU).

[0126] Example M37. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Lithospermum arvense (LITAR).

[0127] Example M38. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Lolium multiflorum (LOLMU).

[0128] Example M39. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Lolium perenne (LOLPE).

[0129] Example M40. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Lolium rigidum (LOLRI).

[0130] Example M41. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Matricaria recutita (MATCH).

[0131] Example M42. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Tripleurospermum inodorum (MATIN).

[0132] Example M43. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Mercurialis annua (MERAN).

[0133] Example M44. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Panicum dichotomiflorum (PANDI).

[0134] Example M45. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Panicum miliaceum (PANMI).

[0135] Example M46. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Papaver rhoeas (PAPRH).

[0136] Example M47. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Phalaris minor (PHAMI).

[0137] Example M48. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Poa annua (POAAN).

[0138] Example M49. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Polygonum aviculare (POLAV).

[0139] Example M50. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Polygonum convolvulus (POLCO).

[0140] Example M51. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Polygonum hydropiper (POLHY).

[0141] Example M52. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Polygonum lapathifolium (POLLA).

[0142] Example M53. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Polygonum persicaria (POLPE).

[0143] Example M54. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Portulaca oleracea (POROL).

[0144] Example M55. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Potentilla acaulis (PTLTR).

[0145] Example M56. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Senecio vulgaris (SENVU).

[0146] Example M57. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Setaria glauca (SETPU).

[0147] Example M58. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Setaria viridis (SETVI).

[0148] Example M59. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Solanum nigrum (SOLNI).

[0149] Example M60. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Sorghum halepense (SORHA).

[0150] Example M61. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Stellaria media (STEME).

[0151] Example M62. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Trifolium incarnatum (TRFIN).

[0152] Example M63. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Veronica arvensis (VERAR).

[0153] Example M64. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Veronica hederifolia (VERHE).

[0154] Example M65. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Veronica persica (VERPE).

[0155] Example M66. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Viola arvensis (VIOAR).

[0156] Example M67. A method for controlling undesired vegetation as described in Example M3, wherein the undesired vegetation is Xanthium strumarium (XANST).

[0157] Embodiment M68. A method for controlling undesirable vegetation as described in the Summary of the Invention, wherein the undesirable vegetation is selected from the group consisting of: annual bluegrass, rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), ball medic (Medicago), barley grass (Hordeum murinum), bedstraw (Galium tricornutum), rice grass, celery weed (Bifora testiculata), sky blue clover, nightshade, broadleaf signal grass, brome grass (Bromus), Canada thistle, South African calendula (Arctotheca calendula), dry grass, chickweed (Stellaria media), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), ragweed, corn poppy, southern three-thorn fruit (Emexaustralis), field violet, Conyza bonariensis), giant foxtail, blue pansy (Fumaria), goosegrass, green foxtail, geranium, three-leaved bidens, herbicide-tolerant alfalfa, Canada chamomile, oriental garlic mustard (Sisymbrium orientale), Italian ryegrass, Gnaphalium luteoalbum, jimsonweed, Sorghum halepense, giant crabgrass, Lythrum hyssopifolia, small-seeded phragmites, morning glory, Echium plantagineum, Pennsylvania knotweed, Phalaris paradoxa, bottom potato, wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola), spiny yellow flower, thin wheat grass, thorn mallow (Modiola caroliniana), redroot amaranth, prickly poppy (Papaver hybridum), serradella, shatter cane, shepherd's purse, apiaceae, Vulpia bromoides, sonchus oleraceus, ground clover (Trifolium), sunflower (as a weed in potatoes), volunteer chickpea, broad bean, field pea, lentil, lupine and vetch, Polygonum convolvulus, wild mustard (Brassica kaber), wild oats (Avenafatua), wild poinsettia, wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), wild turnip (Castaphylos rubiginosa, Rapistrum rugosum,Brassicatournefortii), Polygonum aviculare, Setaria glauca, Cyperus esculentus.,

[0158] Example M69. The method according to Example M68, wherein the undesired vegetation is selected from: Raphanus raphanistrum, Abutilon theophrasti, Datura stramonium, Xanthium sibiricum, and Bidens pilosa L..

[0159] Example M70. The method according to Example M68, wherein the undesired vegetation is Raphanus raphanistrum.

[0160] Example N1. The method for controlling undesired vegetation according to the Summary of the Invention, wherein the composition is applied at a stage selected from: pre-emergence, post-emergence, and combinations thereof.

[0161] Example N2. The method for controlling undesired vegetation according to Example N1, wherein the composition is applied pre-emergence.

[0162] Example N3. The method for controlling undesired vegetation according to Example N1, wherein the composition is applied post-emergence.

[0163] Example N4. The method for controlling undesired vegetation according to Example N1, wherein the composition is applied pre-emergence and post-emergence.

[0164] Generally, the compositions according to the present disclosure comprise an effective amount of encapsulated clomazone and non-encapsulated clomazone. The effective amount of encapsulated clomazone and non-encapsulated clomazone is any amount that is capable of combating harmful plants while providing acceptable safety in the absence of a safener. The effectiveness of the compositions used in the methods for controlling harmful plants will depend on various factors such as the application mode, the harmful plants to be combated, the useful plants to be protected, the application time, etc. A person skilled in the art can readily determine the methods of using the effective compositions using well-known principles.

[0165] In many embodiments, the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present and / or are applied in a ratio of the effective amount of encapsulated clomazone and non-encapsulated clomazone. The ratio can be a weight ratio, a molar ratio, an application rate ratio, or a volume ratio. The ratio is preferably an application rate ratio. As used herein, the effective application ratio is effective against target weeds and is also safe for crops.

[0166] In some embodiments, the encapsulated clomazone is used in an amount of about 1 g / ha, about 10 g / ha, about 50 g / ha, about 100 g / ha, about 200 g / ha, about 300 g / ha, about 400 g / ha, about 500 g / ha, about 600 g / ha, about 700 g / ha, about 800 g / ha, about 900 g / ha, about 1000 g / ha, about 1100 g / ha, about 1200 g / ha, about 1300 g / ha, about 1400 g / ha, about 1500 g / ha, about 1600 g / ha, about 1700 g / ha, about 1800 g / ha, about 1900 g / ha, about 2000 g / ha, about 2100 g / ha, about 2200 g / ha, about 2300 g / ha, about 2400 g / ha, about 2500 g / ha, about 2600 g / ha, about 2700 g / ha, about 2800 g / ha, about 2900 g / ha, about 3000 g / ha, or greater than about 3000 g / ha to about 10 g / ha, about 50 g / ha, about 100 g / ha, about 200 g / ha, about 300 g / ha, about 400 g / ha, about 500 g / ha, about 600 g / ha, about 700 g / ha, about 800 g / ha, about 900 g / ha, about 1000 g / ha, about 1100 g / ha, about 1200 g / ha, about 1300 g / ha, about 1400 g / ha, about 1500 g / ha, about 1600 g / ha, about 1700 g / ha, about 1800 g / ha, about 1900 g / ha, about 2000 g / ha, about 2100 g / ha, about 2200 g / ha, about 2300 g / ha, about 2400 g / ha, about 2500 g / ha, about 2600 g / ha, about 2700 g / ha, about 2800 g / ha, about 2900 g / ha, about 3000 g / ha, or greater than about 3000 g / ha. However, higher and lower application rates may also provide adequate control.

[0167] In some embodiments, the unencapsulated clomazone is used in an amount of about 1 g / ha, about 10 g / ha, about 50 g / ha, about 100 g / ha, about 200 g / ha, about 300 g / ha, about 400 g / ha, about 500 g / ha, about 600 g / ha, about 700 g / ha, about 800 g / ha, about 900 g / ha, about 1000 g / ha, about 1100 g / ha, about 1200 g / ha, about 1300 g / ha, about 1400 g / ha, about 1500 g / ha, about 1600 g / ha, about 1700 g / ha, about 1800 g / ha, about 1900 g / ha, about 2000 g / ha, about 2100 g / ha, about 2200 g / ha, about 2300 g / ha, about 2400 g / ha, about 2500 g / ha, about 2600 g / ha, about 2700 g / ha, about 2800 g / ha, about 2900 g / ha, about 3000 g / ha, or greater than about 3000 g / ha to about 10 g / ha, about 50 g / ha, about 100 g / ha, about 200 g / ha, about 300 g / ha, about 400 g / ha, about 500 g / ha, about 600 g / ha, about 700 g / ha, about 800 g / ha, about 900 g / ha, about 1000 g / ha, about 1100 g / ha, about 1200 g / ha, about 1300 g / ha, about 1400 g / ha, about 1500 g / ha, about 1600 g / ha, about 1700 g / ha, about 1800 g / ha, about 1900 g / ha, about 2000 g / ha, about 2100 g / ha, about 2200 g / ha, about 2300 g / ha, about 2400 g / ha, about 2500 g / ha, about 2600 g / ha, about 2700 g / ha, about 2800 g / ha, about 2900 g / ha, about 3000 g / ha, or greater than about 3000 g / ha. However, higher and lower application rates may also provide adequate control.

[0168] The application rate of the composition will vary depending on primary conditions such as the target weed, degree of infestation, weather conditions, soil conditions, crop type, application pattern, and time of application. The composition containing the active compound can be applied in the form in which it is formulated. In the practice of the present disclosure, as when a formulator prepares a formulation, the application rates of the encapsulated clomazone and the unencapsulated clomazone can vary independently of each other, provided that each of these components is applied within the disclosure scope of the present disclosure.

[0169] The compositions according to the present disclosure can be in the form of any suitable agrochemical composition known in the art. A particularly preferred formulation of the compositions according to the present disclosure is a mixture (ZC) of a suspension concentrate (SC) and a capsule suspension concentrate (CS) formulation. The acronym "SC" means a suspension concentrate (a stable suspension of one or more active ingredients with water as the fluid); "ZC" refers to a mixed formulation of CS and SC (a stable suspension of capsules and one or more active ingredients in a fluid, usually intended to be diluted with water before use).

[0170] The agrochemical compositions can be applied in various combinations of two active compounds. For example, they can be applied as a single "premix" form, or as a combined spray mixture consisting of separate formulations of the active compounds (e.g., in the form of a "tank mix"). Thus, for combined use, it is not necessary to apply the two active compounds in a physically combined form or even simultaneously, i.e., these components can be applied separately and / or sequentially, provided that the application of the second active compound occurs within a reasonable time period from the application of the first active compound. As long as the two active compounds are present simultaneously, the combined effect will occur, regardless of when they are applied. Thus, for example, a physical combination of the two active compounds can be applied, or one can be applied earlier than the other, as long as at the time of application of the second active compound, the earlier applied active compound is still present on the harmful plants to be controlled or in the soil around the harmful plants to be controlled, and as long as the weight ratio of the available active compounds falls within the ranges provided herein. The order of application of the components, the encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone, is not important. Similarly, any form of combination of the active components can be applied for pre-emergence or post-emergence control of harmful plants (e.g., weeds in useful plant crops).

[0171] The compositions according to the present disclosure can be formulated with other suitable formulation components known in the art. As non-limiting examples, the compositions according to the present disclosure can be formulated using known adjuvants, auxiliaries, diluents, solvents, dispersants, surfactants, protective colloids, thickeners, penetrants, stabilizers, chelating agents, anti-caking agents, colorants, pigments, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, defoamers, antifreeze agents, rheology modifiers, and combinations thereof.

[0172] As used herein, the term surfactant means an agriculturally acceptable material that imparts emulsifying, stabilizing, spreading, wetting, dispersing, or other surface-modifying properties. Examples of suitable surfactants include lignosulfonates, fatty acid sulfonates (e.g., lauryl sulfonate), condensation products of formaldehyde and naphthalenesulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols, and ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Other known surfactants that have been used with herbicides are also acceptable.

[0173] Suitable diluents may be added during the formulation process, after the formulation process (e.g., by the user - farmer or custom applicator), or both. The term diluent includes all liquid and solid carriers containing agriculturally acceptable materials which may be added to the herbicide to bring it into a suitable form for application or commerce and includes solvents, emulsifiers, and dispersants. Examples of suitable solid diluents or carriers are aluminum silicate, talc, calcined magnesia, kieselguhr, tricalcium phosphate, powdered cork, absorbent carbon black, chalk, silica, and clays (such as kaolin and bentonite). Examples of suitable liquid diluents include water, organic solvents (e.g., acetophenone, cyclohexanone, isophorone, toluene, xylene, petroleum fractions), amines (e.g., ethanolamine, dimethylformamide), and mineral, animal, and vegetable oils (used alone or in combination).

[0174] The compositions according to the present disclosure may also be formulated with additional suitable additional active ingredients known in the art. If it is desired to broaden the control spectrum or prevent the build - up of resistance, additional herbicides may be utilized.

[0175] Examples of additional active ingredients are: acetochlor, acifluorfen and its sodium salt, acibenzolar, acrolein (2-propenal), alachlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor and its esters (e.g., methyl, ethyl) and salts (e.g., sodium, potassium), aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azimsulfuron, butafenacil, butafenacil-enantiomer, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, bentazone, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bispyribac and its sodium salt, bromoxynil, bromoxynil octanoate, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, carfentrazone-ethyl, catechin, chloronitrofen, chloramben, chloridazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlortoluron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorophthalim, cinmethylin, cinidon-ethyl, clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, cumyluron, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclopyranil, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, cyproconazole-oxide, cyprodinil, cyprosulfamide, desmedipham, diallate, dicamba and its butoxyethyl ester, butyl ester, isooctyl ester and isopropyl ester and its dimethylammonium salt, diethanolamine salt and triethanolamine salt, dimefuron, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, diclofop-methyl, diclosulam, diquat, diquat dibromide, diuron, DNOC, diphenamid, EPTC, flucarbazone-sodium, flufenacet, flumetsulam, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flumetsulam, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flupoxam, flupropacil, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, fluthiacet-methyl, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-ethyl, fluthiacet-propyl, fluthiacet-butyl, fluthiacet-pentyl, fluthiacet-hexyl, fluthiacet-octyl, fluthiacet-decyl, fluthiacet-dodecyl, fluthiacet-tetradecyl, fluthiacet-hexadecyl, fluthiacet-octadecyl, fluthiacet-eicosyl, fluthiacet-docosyl, fluthiacet-tetracosyl, fluthiacet-hexacosyl, fluthiacet-octacosyl, fluthiacet-triacontyl, fluthiacet-dotriacontyl, fluthiacet-tetracontyl, fluthiacet-pentacontyl, fluthiacet-hexacontyl, fluthiacet-heptacontyl, fluthiacet-octacontyl, fluthiacet-nonacontyl, fluthiacet-hectacontyl, fluthiacet-dicontyl, fluthiacet-tricontyl, fluthiacet-tetratriacontyl, fluthiacet-pentatriacontyl, fluthiacet-hexatriacontyl, fluthiacet-heptatriacontyl, fluthiacet-octatriacontyl, fluthiacet-nonatriacontyl, fluthiacet-hectatriacontyl, fluthiacet-dotetracontyl, fluthiacet-pentatetracontyl, fluthiacet-hexatetracontyl, fluthiacet-heptatetracontyl, fluthiacet-octatetracontyl, fluthiacet-nonatetracontyl, fluthiacet-hectatetracontyl, fluthiacet-dipentacontyl, fluthiacet-tripentacontyl, fluthiacet-tetrapentacontyl, fluthiacet-pentapentacontyl, fluthiacet-hexapentacontyl, fluthiacet-heptapentacontyl, fluthiacet-octapentacontyl, fluthiacet-nonapentacontyl, fluthiacet-hexacontahexacontyl, fluthiacet-heptacontahexacontyl, fluthiacet-octacontahexacontyl, fluthiacet-nonacontahexacontyl, fluthiacet-hectacontahexacontyl, fluthiacet-dipentaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-tripentaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-tetrapentaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-pentapentaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-hexapentaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-heptapentaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-octapentaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-nonapentaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-hexacontaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-heptacontaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-octacontaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-nonacontaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-hectacontaheptacontyl, fluthiacet-dipentaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-tripentaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-tetrapentaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-pentapentaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-hexapentaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-heptapentaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-octapentaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-nonapentaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-hexacontaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-heptacontaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-octacontaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-nonacontaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-hectacontaoctacontyl, fluthiacet-dipentanonacontyl, fluthiacet-tripentanonacontyl, fluthiacet-tetrapentanonacontyl, fluthiacet-pentapentanonacontyl, fluthiacet-hexapentanonacontyl, fluthiacet-heptapentanonacontyl, fluthiacet-octapentanonacontyl, fluthiacet-nonapentanonacontyl, fluthiacet-hexacontanonacontyl, fluthiacet-heptacontanonacontyl, fluthiacet-octacontanonacontyl, fluthiacet-nonacontanonacontyl, fluthiacet-hectacontanonacontyl, fluthiacet-dipentahectacontyl, fluthiacet-tripentahectacontyl, fluthiacet-tetrapentahectacontyl, fluthiacet-pentapentahectacontyl, fluthiacet-hexapentahectacontyl, fluthiacet-heptapentahectacontyl, fluthiacet-octapentahectacontyl, fluthiacet-nonapentahectacontyl, fluthiacet-hexacontahectacontyl, fluthiacet-heptacontahectacontyl, fluthiacet-octacontahectacontyl, fluthiacet-nonacontahectacontyl, fluthiacet-hectacontahectacontyl, glufosinate-ammonium,Glufosinate ammonium, L-glufosinate ammonium, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate and its salts such as ammonium, isopropylammonium, potassium, sodium (including sesquisodium) and trimethylsulfonium (alternatively called sulfosate), fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, fluazifop, fluazifop-P-butyl, hexazinone, hydantocidin, isoxaben, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, indanofan, triaziflam, picloram, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iodosulfuron-methyl, ioxynil, ioxynil octanoate, ioxynil sodium, metaxasone, isopropyl triazopyr, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxazolidinone, isoxachlortole, lactofen, mesotrione, lenacil, linuron, maleic hydrazide, MCPA and its salts (e.g., MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-potassium and MCPA-sodium), esters (e.g., MCPA-2-ethylhexyl ester, MCPA-butoxyethyl ester) and thioesters (e.g., MCPA-ethylthioester), MCPB and its salts (e.g., MCPB-sodium) and esters (e.g., MCPB-ethyl ester), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid, mecoprop-P, pretilachlor, flazasulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, sodium metam, oxaziclomefone, bentazone, pyrazolinate, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, tolclofos-methyl, methanearsonic acid and its calcium salts, monoammonium salts, monosodium salts and disodium salts, methabenzthiazuron, methobenzuron, bromacil, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, methoxyphenone, metosulam, alachlor, napropamide, naproanilide, norflurazon, nicosulfuron, pyridafol, dimepiperate, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, propyzamide, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat dichloride, pebulate, pelargonic acid, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, metazachlor, cycloxydim, pethoxamid, pethoxyamid, phenmedipham, picloram, picloram potassium, flufenpyr-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl, piperophos, pretilachlor, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, profluazol, cycloxydim, simazine, simetryn, sulcotrione, mesotrione, sulfometuron-methyl,sulfosulfuron, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA, TCA-sodium, butachlor, terbuthylazine, tefuryltrione, mesotrione, desmedipham, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, prometryn, pyraflufen-ethyl, metobenzuron, thiazopyr, thifensulfuron-methyl, molinate, flupropacil, dimepiperate, tolpyralate, pyrazolynate, clethodim, triallate, flucarbazone-sodium, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, triclopyr triethylammonium, cycloate, atrazine, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, trifluralin, flazasulfuron, triazofenamid, triflusulfuron-methyl, EPTC, 3-(2-chloro-3,6-difluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,5-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, 6-chloro-4-(2,7-dimethyl-1-naphthyl)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone, 5-chloro-3-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2(1H)-quinoxalinone, 2-chloro-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide, 7-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-5-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-8-hydroxypyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-6(5H)-one, 4-(2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone, 5-[[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methoxy]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)isoxazole (hereinafter referred to as methioxolin), 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate, 2-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide and 2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide. Other herbicides also include biological herbicides such as Alternaria destruens Simmons, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., Drechslera monoceras (MTB-951), Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini & Schweinitz) Ditmar: Fries,Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl. and Puccinia thlaspeos Schub, their environmentally compatible salts, "acids", esters and amides, and combinations thereof.

[0176] Any of the water-soluble salts is suitable for the formulation. Examples of suitable salts are common inorganic salts. Suitable salts are those that are readily soluble in water and are selected from the group consisting of: alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, ammonium halides, alkali metal sulfates, alkaline earth metal sulfates, ammonium sulfate, alkali metal nitrates, alkaline earth metal nitrates, ammonium nitrate, alkali metal carbonates and ammonium carbonate. Examples of alkali metal halides include LiCl, LiBr, LiI, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, KF, KCl, KBr, KI, RbF, RbCl, RbBr and RbI. Examples of alkaline earth metal halides include MgCl2, MgBr2, MgI2, CaCl2, CaBr2, CaI2, SrCl2, SrBr2, SrI2, BaCl2, BaBr2 and BaI2. Examples of ammonium halides include NH4F, NH4Cl, NH4Br and NH4I. Examples of alkali metal sulfates are Li2SO4, Na2SO4, K2SO4 and Rb2SO4. An example of an alkaline earth metal sulfate is MgSO4. Ammonium sulfate is (NH4)2SO4. Examples of alkali metal nitrates include LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3 and RbNO3. Examples of alkaline earth metal nitrates include Mg(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2 and Sr(NO3)2. Ammonium nitrate is NH4NO3. Examples of alkali metal carbonates include Na2CO3, K2CO3 and Rb2CO3. Ammonium carbonate is (NH4)2CO3.

[0177] The compositions according to the present disclosure can be used for the selective control of grasses and annual and perennial monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants in the presence of useful plants such as maize, soybean, pea, bean, rapeseed, sugarcane, cassava, pumpkin, potato, vegetables, wheat, rice and tobacco. The control of such harmful plants found in transgenic useful plants or in useful plants selected by classical means and resistant to clomazone is also within the scope of the present invention. Likewise, these compositions can be used to control unwanted harmful plants in cultivated crops.

[0178] Without further elaboration, it is believed that those skilled in the art can make the fullest use of the present invention using the foregoing description. Accordingly, the following examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and in no way limiting of the present disclosure.

[0179] Example

[0180] The present invention is illustrated by the following examples.

[0181] Materials.

[0182] The following materials were used in these examples:

[0183] Reax 88B: Sodium lignosulfonate dispersant.

[0184] Aromatic 200ND: High-solubility naphthalene-poor C 11 Aromatic fluid.

[0185] Kelzan S+: Xanthan gum.

[0186] Proxel: Antibacterial aqueous solution of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one.

[0187] HMDA: Hexamethylenediamine.

[0188] PAPI 27: Polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate containing methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.

[0189] Supragil MNS: Condensed sodium methylnaphthalenesulfonate

[0190] Xiameter AFE-0100: 30% active silicone emulsion.

[0191] Formulation-8: EC-formulation containing 200 g / L of clomazone + 125 g / L of Beflubutamid and 34.5 g / L of cloquintocet-mexyl.

[0192] Formulation-5: ZC-formulation containing 200 g / L of clomazone + 125 g / L of Beflubutamid and 34.5 g / L of cloquintocet-mexyl; Encapsulation rate of clomazone: 75% SC + 25% CS; 100% CS of Beflubutamid; Cloquintocet-mexyl as SC.

[0193] Formulation-6: ZC-formulation containing 200 g / L of clomazone + 125 g / L of Beflubutamid and 34.5 g / L of cloquintocet-mexyl; Encapsulation rate of clomazone; 50% SC + 50% CS; 100% CS of Beflubutamid; Cloquintocet-mexyl as SC.

[0194] Formulation-7: ZC-formulation containing 200 g / L of clomazone + 125 g / L of Beflubutamid and 34.5 g / L of cloquintocet-mexyl; Encapsulation rate of clomazone; 25% SC + 75% CS; 100% CS of Beflubutamid; Cloquintocet-mexyl as SC.

[0195] BEF: Beflubutamid

[0196] FFC: Flufenacet

[0197] PEN: Pendimethalin

[0198] DFF: Diflufenican

[0199] MEF: Mefenpyr-diethyl safener

[0200] F4205-11: A rate of 1.75 L / ha is equivalent to 375 g / ha of clomazone + 300 g / ha of clethodim

[0201] F4253-03: 200 g / L of mefenpyr-diethyl SC

[0202] Adengo Xtra = Isoxaflutole + Thifensulfuron-methyl + Cyclosulfamuron, 225 + 90 + 150 g / L SC; A usage rate of 0.44 L / ha is equivalent to 66 g / ha of the safener cyclosulfamuron

[0203] Example 1. Composition

[0204] Separate encapsulated and non-encapsulated compositions were prepared as follows

[0205] Composition F9600-4 (clomazone SC)

[0206] Table 1. Clomazone SC composition

[0207] Component Wt(%) Clomazone, technical grade 35.35 Reax 88B 2.00 Sodium nitrate 6.00 Calcium chloride 6.00 Water 50.65 Total 100

[0208] Composition clomazone ZC

[0209] Table 2. Clomazone ZC composition

[0210] Component Wt(%) Clomazone technical grade (75% CS and 25% SC) 35.35 Aromatic 200ND 6.48 Reax 88B 1.15 Sodium nitrate 5.33 Calcium chloride 5.33 Kelzan S+ 0.07 Proxel 0.04 Glacial acetic acid 0.03 HMDA(43%) 2.16 PAPI 27 2.16 Water 41.90 Total 100.00

[0211] Example 2. Preparation of component compositions

[0212] The above compositions were prepared as follows

[0213] Encapsulation of clomazone

[0214] Mix about 30 parts of clomazone with 12 parts of aromatic 200ND and heat to about 60 °C to 65 °C to completely dissolve clomazone in aromatic 200ND, then add 2 parts of PAPI 27. In a separate container, mix 46 parts of water with 1.15 parts of Reax 88B and heat to 65 °C. Add these two solutions together and mix to form a stable emulsion. Then, add 2 parts of a 43% HMDA solution to the emulsified material to produce encapsulated flufenacet. Then cure this solution at 55 °C for 4 h. After the reaction is complete, add 2 parts of a 2.0% Kelzan S solution to increase the viscosity.

[0215] Preparation of clomazone for SC formulation.

[0216] The SC formulation is prepared by wet-milling clomazone in a media mill until a particle size D90 of less than 10 microns is achieved.

[0217] Example 3. Wind tunnel test.

[0218] The safety of encapsulated and non-encapsulated clomazone towards non-target plants was analyzed by wind tunnel test. The following table shows the observed relative leaf bleaching and cumulative deposition in water (represented by both the percentage of herbicide applied and the deposition amount). LOQ represents the limit of quantification.

[0219] Table 3. Leaf bleaching of Stellaria.

[0220]

[0221] Table 4. Cumulative deposition in water.

[0222]

[0223] Table 5. Cumulative deposition in water.

[0224]

[0225] This example shows the higher safety of encapsulated clomazone towards non-target plants compared to non-encapsulated clomazone.

[0226] Example 4. Volatility effects of encapsulated and non-encapsulated clomazone formulations when applied to bare soil.

[0227] A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the area of effect of the volatility of various herbicides on Stellaria at 1000 g ai / ha. Before starting the test, 7.5 cm flower pots were filled with metro mix and sown with Stellaria. Stellaria grew until the flower pot was completely covered with leaves. Each herbicide treatment was repeated with 3 separate rings and included 3 untreated controls. At 10 cm2 Herbicide treatments were applied to Matapeake soil in plastic flower pots. The treatments were applied using compressed air in an orbital spray chamber at 280 L / ha (30 gallons / acre) using TeeJet 8001E nozzles at 275 kPa (40 psi) (SOP#901). Each flower pot was covered with plastic immediately after application.

[0228] Once all treatments were applied, the treated flower pots were moved to the greenhouse. One treated flower pot was placed at the center of each chickweed ring, and then the plastic covering was removed. During the test, no overhead watering was applied to any of the plants or flower pots. Water and fertilizer to maintain chickweed growth were applied by subsurface irrigation. For each chickweed spoke, the measurement (cm) of the volatile capturing the farthest visual observation from the center of the spoke (center of the 10 cm treated flower pot) was recorded. Evidence of volatilization was recorded as chlorosis on the chickweed leaves. Eight measurements were taken for each ring on each observation date. The data were analyzed using Minitab statistical software with 95% confidence intervals.

[0229] The data for this test are in the table below. DAT represents days after treatment.

[0230] Table 4. Greenhouse test.

[0231]

[0232] *Values sharing the same letter in a column are not statistically different

[0233] No cross - contamination was observed in this greenhouse test, which was determined by the complete absence of visible chlorosis on any of the chickweed plants for the untreated control rings. In the first rating interval, all herbicide treatments showed signs of volatilization. As the study progressed, the chlorotic area for all treatments gradually increased. For the clomazone compositions, at 10 DAT, F9600 - 4 (clomazone SC) affected the largest area and clomazone ZC volatilized the least.

[0234] Example 5. Phytotoxicity study.

[0235] The phytotoxicity of encapsulated and non - encapsulated clomazone compositions to winter wheat was evaluated. The compositions were applied pre - emergence and early post - emergence.

[0236] The results of this example are shown in Figures 1 to 4 (FIGURE 1 to FIGURE 4). The numbers in parentheses indicate the equivalent concentration of the compositions applied. It was determined that the safener had little or no effect compared to the clomazone compositions without the safener. 2wAA means two weeks after application and BBCH 21 - 29 means the tillering stage of cereals.

[0237] Example 6. Crop Injury Study.

[0238] The maximum crop injury of encapsulated and non-encapsulated clomazone compositions to corn was evaluated. The compositions were applied after sowing, pre-emergence, and post-emergence.

[0239] The results of this example are shown in Figures 5 - 6 . The numbers in parentheses indicate the application rates of the compositions applied (in gai / ha).

[0240] In Figure 5 , it was determined that at the post-emergence time of BBCH 11 - 12, the injury to the crop by clomazone ZC and F4205 - 11 was acceptable. BBCH 11 - 12 means one to two true leaves of the crop. The symptoms observed were mainly leaf albino / chlorosis, and dwarfing was occasionally seen at 375 g ai / ha. These symptoms were always transient and there was no obvious crop response in 2 out of 6 trials. The mixture containing Adengo Xtra (containing cyprosulfamide) showed reduced crop injury. However, no effect was observed on cloquintocet.

[0241] In Figure 6 , it was determined that at the post-emergence time of BBCH 13 - 15, the injury to the crop by clomazone ZC (250 and 375 g ai / ha) and F4205 - 11 was unacceptable. BBCH 13 - 15 means three to five true leaves of the crop. The symptoms observed were mainly leaf albino / chlorosis, and dwarfing was occasionally seen. These symptoms were always transient, even more persistent compared to the early stage after crop emergence, and there was no obvious crop response in 2 out of 6 trials. The mixture containing Adengo Xtra (containing cyprosulfamide) showed reduced crop injury. This was mainly visible at high doses. However, no effect was observed on cloquintocet.

Claims

1. A composition comprising: (i) encapsulated clomazone; (ii) non-encapsulated clomazone; and (iii) optionally additional active ingredients, wherein the composition does not contain a safener.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The non-encapsulated clomazone is provided by the encapsulated clomazone which immediately diffuses the non-encapsulated clomazone upon dilution.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:9 to about 9:

1.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The encapsulated clomazone and the non-encapsulated clomazone are present in a ratio in the range of about 1:3 to about 3:

1.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated with a material selected from: synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum arabic, agar, dextrin, alginic acid, alginates, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, wax, chitosan, alginates, cellulose, gelatin, their derivatives, and combinations thereof.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The additional active ingredient is selected from butamifos, metamifop, allidochlor, dimethachlor, and combinations thereof.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The additional active ingredient is encapsulated with a material selected from: synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum arabic, agar, dextrin, alginic acid, alginates, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, wax, chitosan, alginates, cellulose, gelatin, their derivatives, and combinations thereof.

8. The composition according to claim 7, wherein, The encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated separately from the additional active ingredient.

9. The composition according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The composition further comprises adjuvants selected from: dispersants, surfactants, biocides, defoamers, antifreezes, rheology modifiers, wetting agents, solvents, salts, and combinations thereof.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein, The composition is in a form selected from premixes and tank mixes.

11. A method for preparing a composition, the method comprising: I) Encapsulate clomazone; and II) Form a mixture comprising: (i) the encapsulated clomazone; (ii) non-encapsulated clomazone; and (iii) optionally an additional active ingredient, wherein the composition does not contain a safener.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated with a material selected from: synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum arabic, agar, dextrin, alginic acid, alginates, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, wax, chitosan, alginates, cellulose, gelatin, their derivatives, and combinations thereof.

13. The method according to any one of claims 11-12, further comprising encapsulating the additional active ingredient before forming the mixture.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The additional active ingredient is encapsulated with a material selected from: synthetic polymers, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, semi-synthetic materials, modified celluloses, modified starch derivatives, natural materials, gum arabic, agar, dextrin, alginic acid, alginates, biodegradable natural polymers, collagen, polysaccharides, starch, dextrin, wax, chitosan, alginates, cellulose, gelatin, their derivatives, and combinations thereof.

15. The method according to any one of claims 13-14, wherein, The encapsulated clomazone is encapsulated separately from the additional active ingredient.

16. A method for controlling undesired vegetation, the method comprising applying a composition comprising: (i) encapsulated clomazone; (ii) non-encapsulated clomazone; and (iii) optionally additional active ingredients, wherein the composition does not contain a safener.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The vegetation comprises at least one herbicide-resistant or herbicide-tolerant weed species.

18. The method according to any one of claims 16 - 17, wherein, The vegetation comprises weeds selected from broad-leaved weeds and grass weeds.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, The vegetation is selected from: Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH), Acalypha ciliata (ACCVI), Alopecurus myosuroides (ALOMY), Amaranthus retroflexus (AMARE), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (AMBEL), Anagallis arvensis (ANGAR), Apera spica-venti (APESV), Arrhenatherum elatius (ARREB), Convolvulus arvensis (CAGSE), Capsella bursa-pastoris (CAPBP), Centaurea cyanus (CENCY), Chenopodium album (CHEAL), Chenopodium hybridum (CHEHY), Chenopodium polyspermum (CHEPO), Convolvulus arvensis (CONAR), Cynodon dactylon (CYNDA), Cyperus difformis (CYPDI), Cyperus iria (CYPIR), Datura stramonium (DATST), Daucus carota (DAUCA), Descurainia sophia (DESSO), Digitaria sanguinalis (DIGSA), Echinochloa crus-galli (ECHCG), Echinochloa colonum (ECHCO), Fumaria officinalis (FUMOF), Galium aparine (GALAP), Galinsoga ciliata (GASCI), Geranium dissectum (GERDI), Geranium molle (GERMO), Geranium pusillum (GERPU), Hibiscus trionum (HIBTR), Lamium amplexicaule (LAMAM), Lamium purpureum (LAMPU), Lithospermum arvense (LITAR), Lolium multiflorum (LOLMU), Lolium perenne (LOLPE), Lolium rigidum (LOLRI), Matricaria chamomilla (MATCH), Tripleurospermum inodorum (MATIN), Mercurialis annua (MERAN), Panicum dichotomiflorum (PANDI), Panicum miliaceum (PANMI), Papaver rhoeas (PAPRH), Phalaris minor (PHAMI), Poa annua (POAAN), Polygonum aviculare (POLAV), Polygonum convolvulus (POLCO), Polygonum hydropiper (POLHY), Polygonum lapathifolium (POLLA), Polygonum persicaria (POLPE), Portulaca oleracea (POROL), Potentilla tridentata (PTLTR), Senecio vulgaris (SENVU), Setaria glauca (SETPU), Setaria viridis (SETVI), Solanum nigrum (SOLNI), Sorghum halepense (SORHA), Stellaria media (STEME), Trifolium incarnatum (TRFIN), Veronica arvensis (VERAR), Veronica hederifolia (VERHE), Veronica persica (VERPE), Viola arvensis (VIOAR), and Xanthium strumarium (XANST), and combinations thereof.

20. The method according to any one of claims 16 - 18, wherein, The composition is applied at a stage selected from: pre-emergence, post-emergence, and combinations thereof.

21. The method according to any one of claims 16 - 19, wherein, The injury to non-target crops by the composition is about equivalent to the injury to non-target crops by the composition with a safener further added.

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