Tea tree intercropping wild peanut ecological cultivation method capable of inhibiting weed growth

Abstract

The invention discloses a tea tree intercropping wild peanut ecological cultivation method capable of inhibiting weed growth, and particularly relates to the field of plant cultivation methods. The method comprises the following steps of soil preparation, wherein ploughing is conducted between every two tea rows after the beginning of winter; planting in a tea garden: taking a mature tea garden as a main part, watering enough root fixing water after planting tea seedlings, immediately pruning, and planting wild peanuts after the tea trees form the tea garden; the wild peanuts are subjected to cutting propagation, a cutting bed is selected in a sunshade shed, and clean river sand is adopted as a substrate; after cuttage, water is sprayed to keep wet, roots can grow after 3 days, and when fibrous roots grow 3 cm after 10 days, transplanting can be conducted; field planting of wild peanuts: fertile loam is adopted as cultivation soil, illumination and drainage conditions are good, and a compact lawn can be formed in a short time; trimming the wild peanuts: mowing for more than two times in the vigorous growth period of the wild peanuts in spring and summer every year, and returning the flatly-sheared wild peanuts to the field in situ. By adopting the technical scheme, the problem that weeds affect the growth of tea trees during existing tea tree cultivation is solved, and the quality of tea leaves is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of plant cultivation methods, and particularly to an ecological cultivation method of intercropping wild peanut between tea trees for inhibiting weed growth. Background Technique

[0002] Drinking tea is beneficial to physical health, and it has functions such as antioxidation, immune regulation, and cardiovascular protection. Rational intercropping or relay cropping of functional plants is one of the main measures for tea garden habitat management. This measure can improve the physical and chemical properties of the tea garden soil, shade and keep warm, conserve water and soil, increase fertilizer and promote growth, prevent nutrient loss, and maintain the stability of the microenvironment; it can also attract natural enemies, improve the evenness of pests, repel pests, and reduce the damage of diseases, weeds and pests in the tea garden; it helps to improve the productivity of the tea garden, reduce the phenol / ammonia ratio of tea leaves, increase the germination density, hundred-bud weight, and caffeine water extract content of tea leaves, etc., thereby improving the quality of tea leaves; it is beneficial to reshaping the soil microbial community structure, enhancing the abundance of functional microorganisms, and reducing the prevalence of pathogenic fungi.

[0003] Therefore, this intercropping system provides a promising solution for sustainable tea garden management, overcomes the limitations of traditional planting methods, and provides valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices. In recent years, scholars believe that the intercropping of green manure among tea garden intercropping plants is a soil sustainable cultivation practice, which has a positive impact on the growth of tea leaves and the soil environment in the tea garden. Wild peanut (Arachis glabrata) is a lawn grass that has come into the public eye in the form of green manure intercropping in recent years. It has high drought resistance and cold resistance and is very helpful for inhibiting weeds in the tea garden. At present, there are few reports on the ecological cultivation mode of intercropping wild peanut in the tea garden as a green manure crop, and the impact of this cultivation mode on the inhibition of weeds in the tea garden and the ecological benefits of the tea garden has not been clarified. Therefore, exploring the ecological cultivation mode of intercropping wild peanut in the tea garden to inhibit weed growth is of great significance for tea garden ecological cultivation, saving production costs, and improving the quality of tea leaves. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide an ecological cultivation method of intercropping wild peanut between tea trees for inhibiting weed growth, and solves the problem that weeds affect the growth of tea trees during the existing tea tree cultivation.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An ecological cultivation method of intercropping wild peanut between tea trees for inhibiting weed growth, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Land preparation: After the Beginning of Winter, plow between two tea rows; disinfect and fertilize the soil one week before the wild peanut is planted; apply sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, and the application amount is 1000 - 1500 kg / mu;

[0007] S2. Tea garden planting: mainly focus on mature tea gardens. For newly planted young tea trees, the initial planting period is from January to March every year. After the tea seedlings are planted, pour sufficient root-fixing water and immediately prune, leaving 3 - 4 leaves in height. After the tea trees form a garden, then plant wild peanuts.

[0008] S3. Wild peanut propagation: Wild peanuts are propagated by cuttings. The cutting bed is selected inside a sunshade, and the substrate is clean river sand. Three days before cutting, soak and disinfect thoroughly with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution. After cutting, spray water to keep it moist. Roots can grow out after 3 days, and fibrous roots are 3 cm long after 10 days, then they can be transplanted.

[0009] S4. Wild peanut planting: The cultivated soil is fertile loam with good light and drainage conditions. The suitable planting row spacing is 25×30 cm, and a dense lawn can be formed in a short time.

[0010] S5. Wild peanut pruning: Cut the grass more than twice during the vigorous growth period of wild peanuts in spring and summer every year, keeping the remaining height of wild peanuts at 5 - 8 cm. The wild peanuts trimmed flat are returned to the field in place.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the plowing depth is 10 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the tea seedlings are planted in a double-row manner. The distance between the root neck of the planted tea seedlings and the soil surface is more than 2 cm. 4000 plants are planted per mu, with a large row spacing of 150 cm, a small row spacing of 30 cm, and a plant spacing of 33 cm.

[0013] With the above settings, in this solution, the tea trees are planted in double rows, with 4000 plants per mu, a small row spacing of 30 cm, and a plant spacing of 33 cm. This can not only ensure sufficient growth space for the tea trees but also make full use of land resources and increase the yield per unit area. The large row spacing of the tea tree planting is 150 cm, which ensures the distance between rows after the tea trees form a garden and facilitates operations such as tea picking and fertilization by workers between the tea rows.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, cuttings are taken for propagation in spring and autumn. When taking cuttings, select strong upper-middle stem segments. The cuttings retain 3 - 4 stem nodes, with a length of 1 cm from the base to the node, and 1 - 2 nodes are inserted into the soil. Remove the apical bud to inhibit its apical dominance.

[0015] With the above settings, the plants cultivated by the cutting method grow faster than the sown seedlings and can be cultivated into seedlings in a short time. Especially for some plants that are not easy to bloom, for flowering plants, they can bloom earlier. Wild peanuts have low requirements for the growth environment and can be propagated in both spring and autumn. The cost of cutting propagation is low. When taking cuttings, select strong upper-middle stem segments. The wild peanuts in this part have strong vitality, high stress resistance, and are easy to survive. The cuttings retain 3 - 4 stem nodes, with a length of 1 cm from the base to the node, and 1 - 2 nodes are inserted into the soil. When wild peanuts are cut, half is inserted into the soil and half is outside the soil, which not only ensures the conditions for root growth but also retains the photosynthesis and transpiration pull of the upper part of the root.

[0016] Further, in step S4, topdressing is carried out according to the situation during the growth period. If the soil is relatively fertile and the wildflowers grow well, fertilization may not be necessary, or it depends on the growth trend of the plants; slow-release phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are selected for topdressing, and the application rate is 10 - 15 kg / mu.

[0017] Through the above settings, there are rhizobia in the roots of wild peanuts (and many other leguminous plants), and these rhizobia have the ability to fix nitrogen. Rhizobia can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen-containing compounds that can be absorbed by plants, providing the necessary nitrogen element for wild peanuts. Due to this nitrogen fixation effect, wild peanuts can self-sufficiently meet part of their nitrogen requirements during the growth process, reducing the dependence on external nitrogen fertilizers. At the same time, wild peanuts have strong growth adaptability and stress resistance, and can grow under a variety of soil and climate conditions. In some fertile soils, the nutrients in the soil itself are sufficient to support the normal growth of wild peanuts, so no additional fertilization is required. If the soil is relatively poor, macronutrients such as phosphorus and potassium, as well as nutrient elements such as boron, calcium, iron, and zinc, play a crucial role in the growth and development of wild peanuts. For example, nitrogen promotes the growth of branches and leaves, phosphorus promotes root development and flower and fruit formation, and potassium helps improve the stress resistance and quality of plants. At different growth stages, the nutrient requirements and types of wild peanuts are also different. Therefore, fertilization should be carried out timely and in appropriate amounts according to its growth cycle and nutrient demand characteristics.

[0018] Further, in step S4, sandy loam soil is used.

[0019] Through the above settings, sandy soil has good air permeability, which can provide sufficient oxygen for the roots of wild peanuts. Good air permeability also helps the seeds to emerge quickly, ensuring uniform emergence, full emergence, and strong seedlings, laying a foundation for survival. Sandy soil has good drainage performance, which can effectively prevent root rot caused by excessive water. At the same time, during the drought period, sandy soil is also convenient for irrigation to ensure that wild peanuts obtain the necessary water. The principle is that sandy soil has larger particles and more gaps, so it has good air permeability. Good air permeability helps the plant roots to carry out respiration, promoting root growth and nutrient absorption. The gaps between the particles of sandy soil are large and it is not easy to accumulate water.

[0020] At the same time, good drainage can prevent plant diseases and poor growth caused by excessive water. Although the water and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy soil is relatively poor, it can be compensated by reasonable fertilization and irrigation. When planting wild peanuts in sandy soil, fertilization and irrigation should be carried out timely and in appropriate amounts according to the soil fertility and plant growth requirements. The heat capacity of sandy soil is small, the temperature rises quickly during the day and drops quickly at night. This temperature change helps to promote the growth and development of wild peanuts, improving the yield and quality.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this solution:

[0022] This solution adopts the ecological cultivation method of intercropping wild peanuts in tea gardens, which can reduce the weed biomass in tea gardens, lower production costs, improve the quality of tea leaves, and at the same time have high economic benefits. As a cover crop, wild peanuts can grow during the idle period of tea gardens, increase the multiple cropping index of the land, and improve land utilization rate. Wild peanuts can be harvested as cash crops, and their seeds, stems and leaves can all be utilized, adding additional economic income to tea gardens. Wild peanuts have the function of nitrogen fixation, reducing the dependence of tea gardens on chemical fertilizers and lowering fertilizer costs. Through nitrogen fixation, wild peanuts can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, improve soil fertility, promote the growth of tea trees, and increase the yield and quality of tea leaves. As a cover crop, wild peanuts can inhibit weed growth, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and lower the cost of pesticide use. Covering the ground with wild peanuts can reduce soil water evaporation, maintain soil humidity, and reduce irrigation frequency and water consumption. Adopting the ecological cultivation method of intercropping wild peanuts can produce green and organic tea leaves, enhancing the market competitiveness and added value of tea leaves. With the increasing demand of consumers for healthy and environmentally friendly products, ecologically cultivated tea leaves are more easily recognized by the market and can increase the selling price. The landscape formed when wild peanuts bloom can attract tourists, promoting the development of tea garden sightseeing and leisure agriculture. Through the integration of tea and tourism, tea gardens can develop tourism projects such as picking and experiencing, increasing tourism income. The stems and leaves of wild peanuts in tea gardens can be used as feed or organic fertilizers, further increasing economic benefits. Intercropping wild peanuts can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and lower the cost of environmental pollution control. Intercropping wild peanuts in tea gardens can achieve diversified operations and reduce the market risk of single-crop planting. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of tea trees intercropped with wild peanuts in the embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of single-cropped tea trees in the embodiment;

[0025] Figure 3 is a graph showing the change in the impact of intercropping wild peanuts on the weed biomass in tea gardens in the embodiment;

[0026] Figure 4 is a graph showing the change in the impact of intercropping wild peanuts on the physical and chemical properties of the soil in tea gardens in the embodiment;

[0027] Figure 5 is a graph showing the change in the impact of intercropping wild peanuts on the biochemical components of tea leaves in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0028] The following further elaborates on the present invention through specific implementation modes:

[0029] Embodiment

[0030] An ecological cultivation method for tea tree intercropping and wild peanuts for inhibiting weed growth comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. Land preparation: After the beginning of winter, plow the land between the two tea rows to a depth of 10 cm. Disinfect and fertilize the soil one week before planting wild peanuts; apply sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, at a rate of 1000-1500 kg / mu.

[0032] S2. Tea garden planting: mainly mature tea gardens, the initial planting period of young tea trees is from January to March each year. Tea seedlings are planted in double rows, with the root neck of the tea seedlings at least 2 cm away from the soil surface. 4,000 plants are planted per mu, with a large row spacing of 150 cm, a small row spacing of 30 cm, and a plant spacing of 33 cm. After the tea seedlings are planted, water them enough to establish roots, and prune them immediately, leaving 3-4 leaves at a height. Wild peanuts are planted after the tea trees have matured.

[0033] S3. Wild peanut propagation: Wild peanuts are propagated by cuttings. The season for cuttings is spring and autumn. When cutting, choose the strong middle and upper stem segments. Keep 3-4 stem nodes on the cuttings. The base is 1 cm long from the node. 1-2 nodes are buried in the soil. Remove the terminal buds to inhibit its apical dominance. The cutting bed is selected in the sunshade, and the substrate is clean river sand. 3 days before cutting, use 0.3% potassium permanganate solution to drench and disinfect. After cutting, spray water to keep it moist. Roots can grow after 3 days. After 10 days, when the fibrous roots are 3 cm long, they can be transplanted.

[0034] S4. Planting of wild peanuts: The soil used for cultivation is fertile loam, with good light and drainage conditions. The planting spacing is preferably 25×30cm, and a dense lawn can be formed in a short period of time. During the growing season, topdressing is applied according to the situation. If the soil is fertile and the wild flowers grow well, no fertilizer is needed, or it can be determined according to the growth of the plants; topdressing uses slow-release phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and the application amount is 10-15kg / mu. Wild peanuts can grow well under full sunlight and half sunlight, and have strong shade tolerance, drought tolerance and heat tolerance. They are not strict with soil, but sandy loam is preferred.

[0035] S5. Wild peanut pruning: Mow the wild peanuts more than twice a year in spring and summer when they are growing vigorously, keeping the remaining height of the wild peanuts at 5-8cm, and return the flat-cut wild peanuts to the original place in the field.

[0036] S6. Disease and pest control: Due to the tenacious vitality of wild peanuts, diseases are rarely encountered in wild peanuts. If underground pests such as earthworms, white grubs, and mole crickets appear, use 0.5 kg of 40.7% Lorsban emulsifiable concentrate or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 50 kg of half-cooked or fried bait (wheat bran, rice bran, etc.) as poison bait, and spread it evenly on the seedbed in the evening to achieve the preventive effect.

[0037] S7. Weed control: In the Arachis glabrata lawn, there are three types of weeds that harm the growth of the lawn, broadleaf weeds, gramineous weeds, and sedges, which can be manually removed along with the pruning of Arachis glabrata.

[0038] To explore the effects of intercropping Arachis glabrata on tea garden weeds and soil physical and chemical properties, the following experiments were set up:

[0039] (1) Effects of intercropping Arachis glabrata on the biomass of tea garden weeds

[0040] The experimental plot was located in the preliminary selection nursery of the Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute in Longzhou County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi. The experimental time was from April to the end of September. All the pruned weeds within 30×30 cm were collected, and the total biomass was converted according to the area. There were 3 replicates for each treatment. 2 and the total biomass was calculated according to the area. There were 3 replicates for each treatment.

[0041] (2) Effects of intercropping Arachis glabrata on the physical and chemical properties of tea garden soil

[0042] The experimental plot was located in the preliminary selection nursery of the Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute in Longzhou County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi. After the Arachis glabrata closed the row, soil samples of the 0-20 cm plough layer were collected during the spring tea period (January - March). The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil were measured respectively, including: soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium. Determination of soil basic physical and chemical properties: For soil pH, the water-soil ratio was 2.5:1, and after full oscillation, it was measured with a pH meter; for soil organic matter, the potassium dichromate volumetric method - external heating method was used; for the determination of total nitrogen in the soil, the semi-micro Kjeldahl method was used; the determination method of available nitrogen was the alkaline diffusion method; for available phosphorus, the molybdenum antimony anti-colorimetric method was used for determination; for available potassium, the NH4OAC extraction - flame photometry method was used for determination.

[0043] (3) Effects of intercropping Arachis glabrata on the biochemical components of tea

[0044] The experimental plot was located in the preliminary selection nursery of the Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute in Longzhou County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi. After the Arachis glabrata closed the row, one bud and two leaves were collected during the spring tea period (January - March) of the following year. A total of 2 treatments were set up, namely monoculture in the tea garden and intercropping Arachis glabrata in the tea garden. The tea varieties were Qiancha No. 1 and Baihaozao. 100 - 200 g of fresh tea leaves with one bud and two leaves were placed in an oven at 120 °C for 10 - 20 min, and then dried to full dryness in an oven at 70 °C. The dry samples were put into a pulverizer and ground. The ground samples completely passed through a sieve with a pore size of 600 μm - 1000 μm for the determination of the content of conventional inclusions. The moisture, water extract, free amino acids, tea polyphenols, caffeine, and soluble sugar contents of the tea were measured respectively.

[0045] The results are as follows:

[0046] As Figure 1 and Figure 2They are respectively the schematic diagrams of tea trees intercropped with Arachis glabrata and single-cropped tea trees. Among them, the tea trees intercropped with Arachis glabrata adopt the cultivation method of the embodiment, and the single-cropped tea trees adopt the same method as the embodiment, but do not include the processes such as cuttage propagation related to Arachis glabrata.

[0047] Effect of intercropping Arachis glabrata on the biomass of tea garden weeds:

[0048] As shown in the attached Figure 3 figure, ** and *** in the figure represent the same month, and the differences between different treatments are significant (P<0.05) and extremely significant (P<0.001). Intercropping Arachis glabrata can significantly inhibit the biomass of weeds during April - September. In July when the weed biomass is the highest, the number of weeds in the tea garden intercropped with Arachis glabrata is reduced by 28.43% compared with that without intercropping Arachis glabrata, reaching an extremely significant effect, indicating that the removal of weeds by intercropping Arachis glabrata is ecologically feasible. During the tea garden management process, 4 daily workers are required to weed 1 mu of land for 1 day, and 1 daily worker costs 80 yuan per day, so the cost of weeding 1 mu of land per day is 4×80 = 320 yuan; while for the tea garden intercropped with Arachis glabrata, it is mowed once a month, 5 mu of land can be weeded in 1 day, and only 1 / 5 day is required for 1 mu of land. The technical labor cost is 150 yuan per day, and the fuel consumption of the mower is 50 yuan, with a total of 80 yuan per day per mu. Therefore, compared with manual weeding, the weeding cost of intercropping Arachis glabrata is reduced by 75.00%, reaching an extremely significant effect.

[0049] Effect of intercropping Arachis glabrata on the physical and chemical properties of tea garden soil:

[0050] As shown in Figure 4 the figure, different lowercase letters in the figure represent the same physical and chemical properties of the soil, and the differences between different treatments are significant (P<0.05). Intercropping Arachis glabrata can reduce the pH of the soil. Intercropping Arachis glabrata improves the content of soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available phosphorus to varying degrees. It is worth noting that intercropping Arachis glabrata significantly reduces the content of available potassium in the soil. In general, intercropping Arachis glabrata can improve the content of soil nutrients and plays a great role in the efficient utilization of tea garden nutrients.

[0051] As shown in Figure 5 the figure, different lowercase letters in the figure represent the same biochemical indexes of tea leaves, and the differences between different treatments are significant (P<0.05). Intercropping Arachis glabrata in the tea garden can increase the content of various tea leaf biochemical components. Compared with single-cropped tea gardens, intercropping Arachis glabrata in the tea garden can increase the water extract content of the first and second leaves of Baihaozao by 13.37% and the total phenol content by 11.54%; it can increase the free amino acid content of Qiancha 1 and Baihaozao by 13.80% and 11.54% respectively, increase the caffeine content by 4.50% and 20.58% respectively, and increase the soluble sugar content by 10.73% and 32.38% respectively. The above data show that intercropping Arachis glabrata in the tea garden can increase the biochemical components of tea leaves, thereby improving the quality of tea production.

[0052] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and common general knowledge such as specific structures and / or characteristics known in the solutions is not described in detail herein. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners and the like recorded in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An ecological cultivation method for tea trees intercropping wild peanuts to inhibit weed growth, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Land preparation: After the beginning of winter, plough the land between the two tea rows; disinfect and fertilize the soil one week before planting wild peanuts; apply sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, at a rate of 1000-1500kg / mu; S2. Tea garden planting: mainly mature tea gardens, the early planting period of young tea trees is from January to March each year. After the tea seedlings are planted, they are watered enough to take root and pruned immediately, leaving 3-4 leaves at a height. Wild peanuts are planted after the tea trees have matured into gardens; S3. Wild peanut propagation: Wild peanuts are propagated by cuttings. The cutting bed is selected in a sunshade shed and the substrate is clean river sand. 0.3% potassium permanganate solution is used for thorough disinfection 3 days before cutting. After cutting, water is sprayed to keep it moist. Roots can grow after 3 days. After 10 days, the fibrous roots are 3 cm long, and then transplanting can be carried out. S4. Planting of wild peanuts: The soil used for cultivation is fertile loam, with good light and drainage conditions, and the planting spacing is preferably 25×30cm. A dense lawn can be formed in a short time. S5. Wild peanut pruning: Mow the wild peanuts more than twice a year in spring and summer when they are growing vigorously, keeping the remaining height of the wild peanuts at 5-8cm, and return the flat-cut wild peanuts to the original place in the field.

2. The method for cultivating wild peanuts and tea trees intercropped with wild peanuts to inhibit weed growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tillage depth in step S1 is 10 cm.

3. The method for cultivating wild peanuts and tea trees intercropped with wild peanuts to inhibit weed growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, tea seedlings are planted in double rows, with the root necks of the tea seedlings at least 2 cm away from the soil surface, 4,000 plants are planted per mu, and the large row spacing is 150 cm, the small row spacing is 30 cm, and the plant spacing is 33 cm.

4. The method for cultivating wild peanuts in tea intercropping for inhibiting weed growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, cutting propagation is carried out in spring and autumn. When cutting, strong middle and upper stem segments are selected, and 3-4 stem nodes are retained on the cuttings. The base is 1 cm long from the node, 1-2 nodes are buried in the soil, and the terminal buds are removed to inhibit its apical dominance.

5. The method for cultivating wild peanuts and tea trees intercropped to inhibit weed growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, topdressing is performed according to the situation during the growing period. If the soil is fertile and the wild flowers grow well, no fertilizer is needed, or it can be determined according to the growth of the plants. Topdressing can be performed with slow-release phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and the application amount is 10-15kg / mu.

6. The method for cultivating wild peanuts and tea trees intercropped to inhibit weed growth according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the soil used is sandy loam.

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