Tungsten copper throat liner with composite gradient and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a tungsten-copper throat liner with a composite gradient and a preparation method thereof. The tungsten-copper throat liner comprises an inner layer and a surface layer from inside to outside in the radial direction. The average particle size of surface layer tungsten crystal grains for preparing the surface layer minus the average particle size of inner layer tungsten crystal grains for preparing the inner layer is greater than or equal to 1 [mu] m; the mass percentage content of copper in the surface layer minus the mass percentage content of copper in the inner layer is larger than or equal to 0.5 wt%. Through composite gradient setting of the contents of tungsten crystal grains and copper in the inner layer and the surface layer, in the using process, copper on the surface layer is continuously conveyed to the inner layer through capillary acting force, the copper phase is continuously gasified and volatilized, the cooling effect is good, and the cooling lasting time is long; moreover, the average grain size of tungsten grains used in the inner layer is small, the material hardness is high, the strength is high, and the abrasion resistance and the scouring resistance are good; and the outer layer is large in tungsten grain size and high in copper content, so that the toughness is good, and the tungsten-copper throat liner is not easy to break and deform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of materials and relates to a tungsten-copper material, in particular to a tungsten-copper throat liner with a composite gradient and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the application of high-energy solid propellants, the working pressure and temperature of the engine have increased significantly, which has put forward higher requirements for the performance of the nozzle. When the high-temperature and high-pressure gas accelerates through the throat through the nozzle convergence section, the throat lining will face the problems of sharply increased temperature and pressure, as well as ablation and particle flow erosion.

[0003] In addition to ablation, it will also be affected by thermal stress at high temperatures, which may cause structural deformation of the engine in severe cases, affecting its normal operation. There are two main reasons why tungsten copper alloy is widely used in engine nozzles. One is that tungsten copper alloy itself has good high temperature strength and ablation resistance. When the engine is working, the copper phase in the tungsten copper alloy workpiece vaporizes and evaporates at a temperature above 3000℃, taking away a lot of heat, which can ensure the alloy is used at high temperatures and protect and cool the engine.

[0004] However, the tungsten-copper alloy in the prior art has the defect that the surface copper evaporates quickly during use, and cannot provide continuous temperature protection and cooling for the engine, which leads to rapid failure due to high-temperature oxidation. It is also difficult to ensure that the tungsten matrix has good ablation and erosion resistance while making the material have good toughness by using tungsten particles of a single size, and it is impossible to avoid product failures such as deformation.

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is necessary to provide a tungsten-copper throat liner with a composite gradient, low ablation rate and long service life, and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a tungsten-copper throat lining with a composite gradient and a preparation method thereof. The tungsten-copper throat lining provided by the present invention has a good copper phase continuous gasification volatilization cooling effect and a long cooling duration; moreover, the average particle size of the tungsten crystal grains on the side in contact with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is small, the material has high hardness, high strength, good wear resistance and good erosion resistance; the average particle size of the tungsten crystal grains on the side not in contact with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is large, the copper content is high, and therefore the toughness is good, so that the tungsten-copper throat lining is not easy to break and deform.

[0007] In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a tungsten-copper throat liner with a composite gradient, the tungsten-copper throat liner comprising an inner layer and a surface layer from inside to outside along a radial direction;

[0009] Average grain size of tungsten grains in the surface layer for preparing the surface layer - average grain size of tungsten grains in the inner layer for preparing the inner layer ≥ 1 μm;

[0010] Copper mass percentage content in the surface layer - copper mass percentage content in the inner layer ≥ 0.5 wt%;

[0011] The tungsten - copper throat liner provided by the present invention includes an inner layer and a surface layer from the inside to the outside in the radial direction. Among them, the inner layer is the side in contact with high - temperature and high - pressure gas, and the outer layer is the side away from high - temperature and high - pressure gas. By the composite gradient setting of tungsten grain size and copper content in the inner layer and the surface layer, during use, the copper in the surface layer is continuously transported to the inner layer through capillary action. The copper phase is continuously gasified and volatilized, with good cooling effect and long cooling duration. Moreover, the average grain size of tungsten grains used in the inner layer is small, the material has high hardness, high strength, good wear resistance and erosion resistance; the tungsten grain size in the outer layer is large and the copper content is high, so it has good toughness, making the tungsten - copper throat liner not easily break and deform.

[0012] Preferably, the average grain size of tungsten grains in the surface layer is 3 - 25 μm;

[0013] The average grain size of tungsten grains in the inner layer is 0.1 - 6 μm.

[0014] Preferably, the copper mass percentage content in the surface layer is 5 - 25 wt%;

[0015] The copper mass percentage content in the inner layer is 4 - 24 wt%.

[0016] Preferably, denoting the thickness of the surface layer as h1 and the thickness of the inner layer as h2, the numerical range of [h2÷(h1 + h2)]×100% is 20 - 50%.

[0017] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of the tungsten - copper throat liner as described in the first aspect. The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0018] (1) Press and form tungsten grains in the inner layer to obtain a primary compact;

[0019] (2) Along the radial direction of the primary compact obtained in step (1), fill tungsten grains in the surface layer around the primary compact and press and form to obtain a secondary compact;

[0020] (3) Sinter the secondary compact obtained in step (2) to obtain a tungsten skeleton; then infiltrate copper into the tungsten skeleton to obtain a tungsten - copper alloy;

[0021] (4) Perform machining on the central axis of the tungsten - copper alloy obtained in step (3) to obtain a tungsten - copper throat liner.

[0022] The preparation method provided by the present invention can relatively easily control the thickness of the inner layer, and the thickness accuracy of the inner layer is controlled within 0.2 mm.

[0023] Preferably, the method of compacting and forming in step (1) includes cold isostatic pressing.

[0024] Preferably, the pressure of the compacting and forming in step (1) is 10 - 50 MPa.

[0025] Preferably, the method of compacting and forming in step (2) includes cold isostatic pressing.

[0026] Preferably, the pressure of the compacting and forming in step (2) is 150 - 250 MPa.

[0027] Preferably, the sintering temperature in step (3) is 1500 - 3000 °C.

[0028] Preferably, the sintering time in step (3) is 1 - 20 h.

[0029] Preferably, the sintering in step (3) is carried out in a protective atmosphere.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution of the preparation method described in the second aspect of the present invention, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0031] (1) The inner layer tungsten grains are compacted and formed by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a primary green compact;

[0032] The pressure of the compacting and forming is 10 - 50 MPa;

[0033] (2) Along the radial direction of the primary green compact obtained in step (1), the surface layer tungsten grains are filled around the primary green compact, and are compacted and formed by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a secondary green compact;

[0034] The pressure of the compacting and forming is 150 - 250 MPa;

[0035] (3) The secondary green compact obtained in step (2) is sintered at 1500 - 3000 °C to obtain a tungsten skeleton; then the tungsten skeleton is infiltrated with copper to obtain a tungsten - copper alloy;

[0036] (4) Machining is carried out at the central axis of the tungsten - copper alloy obtained in step (3) to obtain a tungsten - copper throat liner.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] Through the composite gradient setting of tungsten grain and copper content in the inner layer and the surface layer, during the use process, the copper in the surface layer is continuously transported to the inner layer by capillary force. The copper phase is continuously gasified and volatilized, resulting in good cooling effect and long cooling duration. Moreover, the average grain size of tungsten grains used in the inner layer is small, the material has high hardness and strength, and good wear resistance and erosion resistance. The tungsten grain size in the outer layer is large and the copper content is high, so the toughness is good, making the tungsten-copper throat liner not easy to break and deform. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a tungsten-copper throat liner with a composite gradient provided for Example 1;

[0040] Figures 2 - 4 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the tungsten-copper throat liner provided for Example 1;

[0041] Wherein: 1, surface layer; 2, inner layer; 3, inner layer tungsten grains; 4, primary green compact; 5, surface layer tungsten grains. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0042] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are only for helping to understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations on the present invention.

[0043] An embodiment of the present invention provides a tungsten-copper throat liner with a composite gradient, and the tungsten-copper throat liner includes an inner layer and a surface layer from inside to outside in the radial direction;

[0044] The average grain size of the surface layer tungsten grains for preparing the surface layer - the average grain size of the inner layer tungsten grains for preparing the inner layer ≥ 1 μm;

[0045] The copper mass percentage content in the surface layer - the copper mass percentage content in the inner layer ≥ 0.5 wt%.

[0046] The tungsten-copper throat liner provided by the present invention includes an inner layer and a surface layer from inside to outside in the radial direction. Among them, the inner layer is the side in contact with high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the outer layer is the side far from high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The material of the inner layer of the present invention is tungsten-copper alloy, and the material of the surface layer is tungsten-copper alloy, but the copper mass percentage content in the inner layer and the surface layer is different, and the average grain size of tungsten grains is different.

[0047] Through the composite gradient setting of tungsten grain and copper content in the inner layer and the surface layer, during the use process, the copper in the surface layer is continuously transported to the inner layer by capillary force. The copper phase is continuously gasified and volatilized, resulting in good cooling effect and long cooling duration. Moreover, the average grain size of tungsten grains used in the inner layer is small, the material has high hardness and strength, and good wear resistance and erosion resistance. The tungsten grain size in the outer layer is large and the copper content is high, so the toughness is good, making the tungsten-copper throat liner not easy to break and deform.

[0048] In the present invention, the material used for preparing the surface layer includes surface tungsten grains, and the material used for preparing the inner layer includes inner tungsten grains. The average particle size of the surface tungsten grains - the average particle size of the inner tungsten grains ≥ 1 μm. For example, it can be 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm or 9 μm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0049] In the present invention, the mass percentage of copper in the surface layer - the mass percentage of copper in the inner layer ≥ 0.5 wt%. For example, it can be 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt% or 5 wt%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0050] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the surface tungsten grains is 3 - 25 μm. For example, it can be 3 μm, 5 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, 18 μm, 20 μm, 24 μm or 25 μm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0051] The average particle size of the inner tungsten grains is 0.1 - 6 μm. For example, it can be 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 3 μm, 5 μm or 6 μm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0052] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of copper in the surface layer is 5 - 25 wt%. For example, it can be 5 wt%, 8 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt% or 25 wt%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0053] The mass percentage of copper in the inner layer is 4 - 24 wt%. For example, it can be 4 wt%, 6 wt%, 9 wt%, 12 wt%, 16 wt%, 18 wt%, 21 wt% or 24 wt%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0054] In some embodiments, denoting the thickness of the surface layer as h1 and the thickness of the inner layer as h2, the numerical range of [h2÷(h1 + h2)]×100% is 20 - 50%. For example, it can be 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0055] Due to the gradual change in the inner diameter of the throat liner, the thickness of the inner layer in the present invention refers to the thickness at the thickest part of the inner layer.

[0056] Exemplarily, the value range of the surface layer thickness h1 is 2 - 50 mm. For example, it can be 2 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, or 50 mm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values within the value range are equally applicable.

[0057] The value range of the inner layer thickness h2 is 2 - 30 mm. For example, it can be 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, or 30 mm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values within the value range are equally applicable.

[0058] An embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation method of the tungsten - copper throat liner described in certain embodiments. The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0059] (1) Press and form the tungsten grains of the inner layer to obtain a primary green compact;

[0060] (2) Along the radial direction of the primary green compact obtained in step (1), fill tungsten grains of the surface layer around the primary green compact and press and form to obtain a secondary green compact;

[0061] (3) Sinter the secondary green compact obtained in step (2) to obtain a tungsten skeleton; then infiltrate copper into the tungsten skeleton to obtain a tungsten - copper alloy;

[0062] (4) Machine - process the central axis of the tungsten - copper alloy obtained in step (3) to obtain a tungsten - copper throat liner.

[0063] The preparation method provided by the present invention can more easily control the thickness of the inner layer, and the thickness accuracy of the inner layer can be controlled within 0.2 mm.

[0064] The press - forming in the present invention is carried out using a corresponding mold. The present invention does not specifically limit the structure of the mold, as long as it can be used for the preparation of the tungsten - copper throat liner.

[0065] The present invention does not limit the specific method of copper infiltration described in step (3), as long as copper can infiltrate into the tungsten skeleton.

[0066] In certain embodiments, the method of press - forming in step (1) includes cold isostatic pressing.

[0067] In certain embodiments, the pressure of the press - forming in step (1) is 10 - 50 MPa. For example, it can be 10 MPa, 15 MPa, 20 MPa, 25 MPa, 30 MPa, 35 MPa, 40 MPa, 45 MPa, or 50 MPa, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values within the value range are equally applicable.

[0068] In some embodiments, the method of pressing and forming in step (2) includes cold isostatic pressing.

[0069] In some embodiments, the pressure of the pressing and forming in step (2) is 150 - 250 MPa. For example, it can be 150 MPa, 180 MPa, 200 MPa, 210 MPa, 240 MPa or 250 MPa, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0070] In some embodiments, the sintering temperature in step (3) is 1500 - 3000 °C. For example, it can be 1500 °C, 1800 °C, 2000 °C, 2400 °C, 2500 °C, 2800 °C or 3000 °C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0071] In some embodiments, the sintering time in step (3) is 1 - 20 h. For example, it can be 1 h, 3 h, 5 h, 10 h, 12 h, 15 h, 18 h or 20 h, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0072] In some embodiments, the sintering in step (3) is carried out in a protective atmosphere.

[0073] The gas used in the protective atmosphere includes any one or a combination of at least two of vacuum, Ar gas or hydrogen gas.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] This example provides a tungsten - copper throat liner with a composite gradient as Figure 1 shown. The tungsten - copper throat liner includes an inner layer 2 and an outer layer 1 from the inside to the outside in the radial direction;

[0076] The mass percentage of copper in the outer layer 1 is 15 wt%.

[0077] The mass percentage of copper in the inner layer 2 is 7 wt%.

[0078] Denote the thickness of the outer layer 1 as h1 = 39 mm and the thickness of the inner layer 2 as h2 = 21 mm, then the value of [h2÷(h1 + h2)]×100% is 35%;

[0079] The preparation method of the tungsten - copper throat liner in this example includes the following steps:

[0080] (1) The inner - layer tungsten grains 3 with an average particle size of 2 μm are pressed and formed by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a primary green compact 4 (see Figure 2 and Figure 3 );

[0081] The pressure for the press forming is 30 MPa;

[0082] (2) Along the radial direction of the primary green compact 4 obtained in step (1), the surface tungsten grains 5 with an average particle size of 8 μm are filled around the primary green compact 4, and press forming is carried out by cold isostatic pressing (see Figure 4 ), to obtain a secondary green compact;

[0083] The pressure for the press forming is 200 MPa;

[0084] (3) In an argon atmosphere, the secondary green compact obtained in step (2) is sintered at 2100 °C for 10 h to obtain a tungsten skeleton; then the tungsten skeleton is infiltrated with copper to obtain a tungsten copper alloy;

[0085] (4) Machining is carried out at the central axis of the tungsten copper alloy obtained in step (3) to obtain a tungsten copper throat liner.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] This example provides a tungsten copper throat liner with a composite gradient. The tungsten copper throat liner includes an inner layer and a surface layer from the inside to the outside along the radial direction;

[0088] The mass percentage of copper in the surface layer is 5 wt%;

[0089] The mass percentage of copper in the inner layer is 4 wt%;

[0090] Denote the thickness of the surface layer as h1 = 20 mm and the thickness of the inner layer as h2 = 5 mm. Then the value of [h2÷(h1 + h2)]×100% is 20%;

[0091] The preparation method of the tungsten copper throat liner in this example includes the following steps:

[0092] (1) The inner layer tungsten grains with an average particle size of 0.1 μm are press formed by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a primary green compact;

[0093] The pressure for the press forming is 10 MPa;

[0094] (2) Along the radial direction of the primary green compact obtained in step (1), the surface tungsten grains with an average particle size of 3 μm are filled around the primary green compact, and press forming is carried out by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a secondary green compact;

[0095] The pressure for the press forming is 150 MPa;

[0096] (3) In an argon atmosphere, the secondary green compact obtained in step (2) is sintered at 1500 °C for 20 h to obtain a tungsten skeleton; then the tungsten skeleton is infiltrated with copper to obtain a tungsten copper alloy;

[0097] (4) Perform machining on the central axis of the tungsten copper alloy obtained in step (3) to obtain a tungsten copper throat liner.

[0098] Example 3

[0099] This example provides a tungsten copper throat liner with a composite gradient. The tungsten copper throat liner includes an inner layer and a surface layer from the inside to the outside in the radial direction.

[0100] The mass percentage of copper in the surface layer is 25 wt%.

[0101] The mass percentage of copper in the inner layer is 24 wt%.

[0102] Denote the thickness of the surface layer as h1 = 15 mm and the thickness of the inner layer as h2 = 15 mm. Then the value of [h2÷(h1 + h2)]×100% is 50%.

[0103] The preparation method of the tungsten copper throat liner in this example includes the following steps:

[0104] (1) The inner layer tungsten grains with an average particle size of 6 μm are compacted by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a primary green compact.

[0105] The pressure for the compacting is 50 MPa.

[0106] (2) Along the radial direction of the primary green compact obtained in step (1), fill the surface layer tungsten grains with an average particle size of 25 μm around the primary green compact, and perform compacting by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a secondary green compact.

[0107] The pressure for the compacting is 250 MPa.

[0108] (3) In an argon atmosphere, sinter the secondary green compact obtained in step (2) at 3000 °C for 1 h to obtain a tungsten skeleton; then infiltrate copper into the tungsten skeleton to obtain a tungsten copper alloy.

[0109] (4) Perform machining on the central axis of the tungsten copper alloy obtained in step (3) to obtain a tungsten copper throat liner.

[0110] Comparative Example 1

[0111] This comparative example provides a tungsten copper throat liner with a composite gradient. The tungsten copper throat liner includes an inner layer and a surface layer from the inside to the outside in the radial direction.

[0112] Except that the mass percentage of copper in the surface layer is 15 wt% and the mass percentage of copper in the inner layer is 14.6 wt%, the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0113] In this comparative example, the copper content gradient between the surface layer and the inner layer is small, the copper liquid in the surface layer cannot migrate to the inner layer quickly, and the anti-ablation and anti-erosion capabilities are weak, which easily leads to premature failure of the product.

[0114] Comparative Example 2

[0115] This comparative example provides a tungsten - copper throat liner with a composite gradient. The tungsten - copper throat liner includes an inner layer and a surface layer from the inside to the outside along the radial direction;

[0116] Except that the mass percentage of copper in the surface layer is 7.4 wt% and the mass percentage of copper in the inner layer is 7 wt%, the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0117] In this comparative example, the copper content gradient between the surface layer and the inner layer is small, and the copper liquid in the surface layer cannot migrate to the inner layer quickly, resulting in weak ablation and erosion resistance, and thus easily leading to premature failure of the product.

[0118] Except for the changes shown in Table 1 in the average grain size of tungsten grains in the surface layer, the average grain size of tungsten grains in the inner layer, the mass percentage of copper in the surface layer, and the mass percentage of copper in the inner layer, the rest are the same as in Example 1 for Comparative Examples 3 - 6.

[0119] Table 1

[0120]

[0121] The ablation rates and failure times of the tungsten - copper throat liners obtained from Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 6 were measured under the following conditions: the gas flow temperature was 3000 °C and the pressure was 10 MPa. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0122] Table 2

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] In summary, through the composite gradient setting of tungsten grains and copper content in the inner layer and the surface layer, during the use process of the present invention, the copper in the surface layer is continuously transported to the inner layer by capillary action. The copper phase continuously gasifies and volatilizes, with good cooling effect and long cooling duration. Moreover, the average grain size of tungsten grains used in the inner layer is small, the material has high hardness and strength, and good wear and erosion resistance; the tungsten grain size in the outer layer is large and the copper content is high, so it has good toughness, making the tungsten - copper throat liner not easily break or deform.

[0126] The above - mentioned are only the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention fall within the protection scope and the disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tungsten-copper throat liner with a composite gradient, characterized in that, The tungsten-copper throat liner includes an inner layer and a surface layer from inside to outside in the radial direction; The average grain size of the surface tungsten grains for preparing the surface layer - the average grain size of the inner tungsten grains for preparing the inner layer ≥ 1 μm; The mass percentage of copper in the surface layer - the mass percentage of copper in the inner layer ≥ 0.5 wt%; 2. The tungsten copper throat liner according to claim 1, wherein, The average grain size of the surface tungsten grains is 3 - 25 μm; The average grain size of the inner tungsten grains is 0.1 - 6 μm; 3. The tungsten-copper throat liner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mass percentage of copper in the surface layer is 5 - 25 wt%; The mass percentage of copper in the inner layer is 4 - 24 wt%; 4. The tungsten-copper throat liner according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Denote the thickness of the surface layer as h1 and the thickness of the inner layer as h2, then the numerical range of [h2÷(h1 + h2)]×100% is 20 - 50%; 5. A method for preparing a tungsten-copper throat liner according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) The inner tungsten grains are compacted to obtain a primary green compact; (2) Along the radial direction of the primary green compact obtained in step (1), surface tungsten grains are filled around the primary green compact and compacted to obtain a secondary green compact; (3) The secondary green compact obtained in step (2) is sintered to obtain a tungsten skeleton; then the tungsten skeleton is infiltrated with copper to obtain a tungsten-copper alloy; (4) Machining is performed on the central axis of the tungsten-copper alloy obtained in step (3) to obtain a tungsten-copper throat liner; 6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The compacting method in step (1) includes cold isostatic pressing; Preferably, the compacting pressure in step (1) is 10 - 50 MPa; 7. The preparation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The compacting method in step (2) includes cold isostatic pressing; Preferably, the compacting pressure in step (2) is 150 - 250 MPa; 8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, The sintering temperature in step (3) is 1500 - 3000 °C; Preferably, the sintering time in step (3) is 1 - 20 h; 9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sintering in step (3) is carried out in a protective atmosphere; 10. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5-9, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) The inner tungsten grains are compacted by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a primary green compact; The compacting pressure is 10 - 50 MPa; (2) Along the radial direction of the primary green compact obtained in step (1), surface tungsten grains are filled around the primary green compact and compacted by cold isostatic pressing to obtain a secondary green compact; The compacting pressure is 150 - 250 MPa; (3) The secondary green compact obtained in step (2) is sintered at 1500 - 3000 °C to obtain a tungsten skeleton; then the tungsten skeleton is infiltrated with copper to obtain a tungsten-copper alloy; (4) Machining is performed on the central axis of the tungsten-copper alloy obtained in step (3) to obtain a tungsten-copper throat liner;

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