Aerobic fermentation preparation method of organic fertilizer with livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste as main raw materials

Abstract

The invention discloses an aerobic fermentation preparation method of an organic fertilizer with livestock and poultry manure and organic solid wastes as main raw materials, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The method is suitable for a low-temperature environment of 0-10 DEG C and a normal-temperature environment condition of more than 10 DEG C; comprising the following steps: S1, preparing raw materials; the raw materials comprise livestock and poultry manure, organic solid wastes and a microbial agent; s2, raw material pretreatment; removing excessive moisture, crushing the raw materials, and activating a microbial agent; s3, preparation before aerobic fermentation reaction; blending a fermentation material, adjusting the water content, and inoculating a biological agent; and S4, performing aerobic fermentation. The invention provides an organic fertilizer production process with high adaptability, and the qualified organic fertilizer can be produced by aerobic fermentation under various weather conditions of 0 DEG C or above; all the steps are set in a standardized manner, so that a standardized, highly controllable and high-yield fermentation process is realized; and the final finished product fertilizer is high in quality and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a method for preparing aerobic fermentation of organic fertilizers mainly from livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of the agricultural modernization process and the increasing environmental protection requirements, the production and application of organic fertilizers have received more and more attention. Organic fertilizers can not only supplement organic matter to the soil, improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, but also reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0003] Regarding the aerobic fermentation production process of organic fertilizers, there are currently: the raw material sources are extensive, but the quality is uneven, and there is a lack of standardized requirements; in addition, microbial fermentation requires stable conditions, but the actual external environment conditions of composting are complex and changeable, which directly affects the fermentation effect and even cannot meet the fermentation conditions (such as in a low-temperature environment). Therefore, it is urgent to study an organic fertilizer production method that can adapt to various environmental conditions and is easy to standardize to ensure the stable and efficient production of organic fertilizers and provide solid support for the green development of agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems in the prior art, and to propose a method for preparing aerobic fermentation of organic fertilizers mainly from livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for preparing aerobic fermentation of organic fertilizers mainly from livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste, which is applicable to low-temperature environments of 0°C to 10°C and normal-temperature environment conditions above 10°C;

[0007] It includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Prepare raw materials; the raw materials are livestock and poultry manure, organic solid waste, and microbial inoculants;

[0009] S2. Pretreat the raw materials; remove excess moisture, crush the raw materials, and activate the microbial inoculants;

[0010] S3. Prepare before the aerobic fermentation reaction; mix the fermentation materials, adjust the moisture content, and inoculate with biological inoculants;

[0011] S4. Aerobic fermentation.

[0012] Preferably:

[0013] Standardize the detection of the raw materials used for composting; including: moisture content, organic carbon content, organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, pH value;

[0014] Standardize the detection of the aerobic fermentation process of composting; including: temperature of the fermentation stack layer, oxygen concentration and aerobic rate of the stack layer, on-line determination of moisture content;

[0015] Standardize the detection of the compost finished product; including: mass fraction of organic matter, mass fraction of total nutrients, moisture content, pH value, seed germination index, mass fraction content of mechanical impurities, degree of maturity and heavy metal content.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1:

[0017] The livestock and poultry manure in the raw materials is mainly the solid manure after solid-liquid separation in the breeding factory; the organic solid waste in the raw materials is mainly agricultural solid waste and / or solid waste from the wood processing industry; the microbial inoculant is an aerobic fermentation microbial inoculant.

[0018] Preferably, the microbial inoculant includes: inoculants of four bacterial genera, namely yeast, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, and bacillus; each bacterial genus inoculant contains at least one inoculant of that bacterial genus.

[0019] Preferably, the addition amount of the microbial inoculant is 1‰ - 3‰.

[0020] Preferably, in step S2:

[0021] S201. Remove excess moisture: Sun-dry the collected livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste to remove excess moisture;

[0022] S202. Crush the raw materials: Crush the livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste after removing excess moisture into particles with a particle size < 5 cm;

[0023] S203. Activate the microbial inoculant: At room temperature, mix the specially made microbial activator and the microbial inoculant evenly according to the mass ratio of (0.5 - 1):1, and carry out an activation reaction at room temperature for 1 - 2 hours to obtain the activated microbial inoculant.

[0024] Preferably, the microbial activator is composed of three components: carbon source, nitrogen source, and phosphorus source;

[0025] Among them, the carbon source is industrial glucose; the nitrogen source is one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium hydrogen carbonate; the phosphorus source is one or two of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate;

[0026] Mix in mass ratio, carbon source: nitrogen source: phosphorus source = (1.1 - 2.6):(2.1 - 6.4):1.

[0027] Preferably, in step S3:

[0028] S301. Prepare the fermentation materials: Using C / N as the control parameter, taking livestock and poultry manure as the main fermentation material and organic solid waste as the auxiliary fermentation material, adjust the material ratio, and finally adjust the C / N of the mixed materials to 20 - 30:1, and mix the materials evenly.

[0029] S302. Adjust the moisture content: Adjust the moisture content (volume moisture content) of the fermentation materials to 15% - 40%.

[0030] S303. Inoculate with biological inoculant: Evenly sprinkle the activated microbial inoculant on the surface of the mixed materials after adjusting the moisture content; after sprinkling the biological inoculant, spray a small amount of water with a sprayer to moisten the microbial inoculant on the surface of the materials, and then mix the materials evenly again.

[0031] Preferably, in step S203, spray an extremely small amount of water to ensure that the dust of the biological inoculant materials no longer floats up, and at the same time, it does not affect the moisture content of the materials at all.

[0032] Preferably, in step S4:

[0033] S401. Feed into the fermentation device: Feed the fermentation materials inoculated with microbial inoculant into the aerobic fermentation device; among them, there is a bottom aeration device in the aerobic fermentation device.

[0034] Preferably, in step S4, it also includes:

[0035] S402. Static period: 0 - 1 day, the microbial inoculant adapts to the fermentation materials, and at the same time, the temperature of the materials begins to rise slowly, and the lowest initial fermentation temperature can be as low as close to 0°C, and there is no aeration during this period.

[0036] S403. Heating period: Carry out staged aeration on the materials, aerate once every 2 hours, and each aeration lasts for 2 minutes; the temperature of the fermentation materials steadily rises above 40°C within 1 - 3 days after the static period.

[0037] S404. High - temperature period: When the temperature of the fermentation materials rises above 50°C, enter the high - temperature period, change the aeration frequency, aerate once every 30 minutes, and each aeration lasts for 2 minutes.

[0038] S405. Cooling period: After the materials experience fermentation in the high - temperature period, the temperature drops from above 50°C to about 40°C.

[0039] S406. Maturity period: When the temperature of the fermentation materials is maintained at about 40°C, change the aeration frequency again, aerate once every 2 hours, and each aeration lasts for 2 minutes.

[0040] S407. Fermentation end: The temperature of the fermentation materials naturally drops to about 30°C, and the moisture content drops below 10%, and the fermentation is completed, and the final organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste as the main raw materials, and has the following beneficial effects.

[0042] 1. In the present invention, an organic fertilizer production process with strong adaptability is provided, and qualified organic fertilizer can be produced by aerobic fermentation under various climatic conditions above 0°C.

[0043] 2. In the present invention, each step is standardized, realizing a standardized, highly controllable and highly productive fermentation process; moreover, the final finished fertilizer is of high quality and reliable.

[0044] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described to some extent in the subsequent specification; and to some extent, based on the study of the following text, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art; or, it can be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 is a flow chart of aerobic fermentation.

[0047] Figure 3 is a calculation flow chart of aerobic fermentation parameters.

[0048] Figure 4 is a temperature monitoring change curve of a fermentation process under low temperature environment.

[0049] Figure 5 is a temperature monitoring change curve of a fermentation process under normal temperature environment.

[0050] Figure 6 is a compost temperature change curve of a pilot-scale fermentation process controlled by an Internet of Things device.

[0051] Figure 7 is the first page of the test report.

[0052] Figure 8 is the second page of the test report. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0053] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0054] Refer to Figures 1 - 3, A method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation with livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste as the main raw materials, which is applicable to low-temperature environments of 0°C to 10°C and normal-temperature environments above 10°C.

[0055] It includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. Prepare raw materials; the raw materials are livestock and poultry manure, organic solid waste, and microbial inoculants;

[0057] S2. Pretreat the raw materials; remove excess moisture, crush the raw materials, and activate the microbial inoculants;

[0058] S3. Prepare before aerobic fermentation reaction; mix the fermentation materials, adjust the moisture content, and inoculate with biological agents;

[0059] S4. Aerobic fermentation.

[0060] In the present invention, by standardizing the control of compost raw materials, performing appropriate pretreatment, and precisely adjusting parameters before the reaction, it can be applicable to low-temperature environments (compost fermentation can be carried out normally in environments above 0 degrees Celsius), realizing a standardized, highly controllable, and high-output fermentation process.

[0061] It should be noted that:

[0062] Conduct standardized detection on the raw materials used for composting;

[0063] Including: moisture content, organic carbon content, organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH value, etc.

[0064] For the detection method, refer to Table 1 below.

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Table 1 Compost Raw Material Detection

[0068] As shown in the above table; when detecting the raw materials, conduct standardized detection according to multiple national standards, Ministry of Agriculture standards, technical specifications and other documents to ensure the unity and standardization of the whole process; and, it meets the national environmental protection standards.

[0069] Conduct standardized detection on the aerobic fermentation process of composting;

[0070] Including: fermentation pile layer temperature, pile layer oxygen concentration and aerobic rate, on-line determination of moisture content.

[0071] For the detection method, refer to Table 2 below.

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Table 2 Detection during the composting process

[0075] As shown in the above table, during the aerobic fermentation process of composting, according to the corresponding technical specifications, equipment that meets the requirements is used to monitor in real time the temperature of the fermentation pile layer, the oxygen concentration and aerobic rate of the pile layer, the moisture content, etc., so as to comprehensively monitor and respond in a timely manner to ensure that the fermentation process is in stable and reliable control.

[0076] Conduct standardized detection on the compost products;

[0077] Including: mass fraction of organic matter, mass fraction of total nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content), moisture content, pH value, seed germination index, mass fraction content of mechanical impurities, degree of maturity, and heavy metal content, etc.

[0078] The detection methods are shown in Table 3 below.

[0079]

[0080] Table 3 Detection of compost products

[0081] As shown in the above table, there are standardized detection items designed for the compost products; including: mass fraction of organic matter, mass fraction of total nutrients, moisture content, pH value, seed germination index, mass fraction of mechanical impurities, degree of maturity, heavy metals, etc.; so as to comprehensively detect the quality of the products and ensure the high quality and reliability of the fermentation products.

[0082] As shown above, in the whole fermentation process, control the quality of raw materials in the early stage; during fermentation, according to the corresponding technical specifications, use equipment that meets the requirements to monitor multiple parameters in real time and respond in a timely manner to ensure that the fermentation process is in stable and reliable control; after fermentation is completed, design detection items to ensure product quality; through the above series of standardized operations, a set of reliable and stable process has been formed.

[0083] The specific method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation is described as follows.

[0084] In step S1: The livestock and poultry manure in the raw materials is mainly the solid manure after solid-liquid separation in the breeding factory; the organic solid waste in the raw materials is mainly agricultural solid waste and / or solid waste from the wood processing industry; that is, it can be selected to use only agricultural solid waste or solid waste from the wood processing industry, or a mixture of agricultural solid waste and solid waste from the wood processing industry.

[0085] Among them, agricultural solid wastes include: straws (such as corn straws, wheat straws, rice straws, etc.), melon vines, edible mushroom bags, peanut shells, bagasse, cottonseed hulls, landscaping wastes (pruned branches, fallen leaves, grass clippings, etc.); solid wastes in the wood processing industry include: wood chips, sawdust, bark, etc.

[0086] Correspondingly, the addition amount of the microbial inoculant is: 1 - 3 kg of the microbial inoculant is added per ton of the mixture of livestock and poultry manure and organic solid wastes; that is, the addition amount of the microbial inoculant is 1‰ - 3‰ of the mass of the mixture.

[0087] Among them, the microbial inoculant is an aerobic fermentation microbial inoculant; an aerobic fermentation compound microbial inoculant sold on the market can be directly purchased.

[0088] Specifically, the microbial inoculant includes: inoculants of 4 genera of bacteria, namely yeast, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, and bacillus; each genus of bacterial inoculant contains at least one inoculant of this genus; and, the effective viable count of a single bacterial inoculant > 200 million CFU / g; the effective viable count of the compound bacterial inoculant > 1 billion CFU / g.

[0089] It should be noted that: the compound bacterial inoculant should be obtained through conventional commercial channels such as offline purchase and online shopping, and the purchased product should comply with relevant national and industrial product standards.

[0090] For example, the various biological inoculants used in the experiment were mainly purchased from:

[0091] Yeast: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. - Saccharomyces boulardii;

[0092] Lactic acid bacteria: Xi'an Pris Biotechnology Co., Ltd. - PRS lactic acid bacteria;

[0093] Actinomycetes: Shandong Hezhong Kangyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0094] Bacillus: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. - Bacillus velezensis.

[0095] In step S2, the following steps are included.

[0096] S201. Remove excess moisture: Air-dry the collected livestock and poultry manure and organic solid wastes to remove excess moisture.

[0097] Generally, air-dry for 2 - 7 days on sunny days in summer; in winter, the temperature is relatively low, air-dry for 7 - 14 days; finally, the water content is required to be ≤ 30% (measured by a moisture content sensor, which is the volume moisture content); in addition, in case of bad weather or an environment not suitable for air-drying, a drying oven, a filter press, etc. can be used to assist in moisture removal.

[0098] It should be noted that when there is a large difference in the moisture content between livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste, the moisture can be removed separately; of course, it is also possible to remove the moisture as a whole after mixing; it can also be freely adjusted according to actual needs.

[0099] S202. Raw material crushing: Crush the livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste after removing excess moisture into particles with a particle size < 5 cm; increase the specific surface area to facilitate aerobic fermentation.

[0100] It can be understood that: Similarly, the livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste can be crushed separately (subject to the previous steps) or mixed and crushed; after crushing, the two are further stirred for sufficient mixing.

[0101] S203. Microbial inoculant activation: At room temperature, mix the special microbial activator and the microbial inoculant evenly according to the mass ratio of (0.5 - 1):1, and carry out an activation reaction at room temperature for 1 - 2 hours to obtain the activated microbial inoculant.

[0102] Preferably, the mass ratio of the microbial activator to the microbial inoculant is 0.8:1.

[0103] It should be noted that in step S203, room temperature refers to the environmental condition above 0 °C.

[0104] Among them, the microbial activator consists of three components: carbon source, nitrogen source, and phosphorus source.

[0105] Specifically, the carbon source is industrial glucose; the nitrogen source is one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium hydrogen carbonate; the phosphorus source is one or more of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate.

[0106] Correspondingly, the carbon source, nitrogen source, and phosphorus source are mixed by mass ratio;

[0107] Carbon source: Nitrogen source: Phosphorus source = (1.1 - 2.6):(2.1 - 6.4):1.

[0108] Preferably, carbon source: nitrogen source: phosphorus source = 2:4:1.

[0109] It should be noted that the carbon source, nitrogen source, and phosphorus source should all be products sold on the market that meet the relevant national standards.

[0110] In step S3, the following steps are included.

[0111] S301. Preparation of fermentation materials: Using C / N as the control parameter, taking livestock and poultry manure as the main fermentation material and organic solid waste as the auxiliary fermentation material, adjust the material ratio; finally, the C / N of the mixed material is adjusted to 20 - 30:1, and the materials are mixed evenly.

[0112] It should be noted that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of livestock and poultry manure is relatively low (for example, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of chicken manure is about 10-15:1), while that of organic solid waste is generally high (for example, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of corn straw is about 60-100:1); to achieve an appropriate carbon-nitrogen ratio, the calculation of the material ratio is relatively complex, and improper operation may lead to imbalance of the carbon-nitrogen ratio.

[0113] Therefore, we designed a method of "using livestock and poultry manure as the main fermentation material and organic solid waste as the auxiliary fermentation material" for easy calculation.

[0114] In addition, when the C / N is in the range of 20-30:1, the growth and activities of microorganisms can be better guaranteed; the carbon source provides energy for microorganisms, and the nitrogen source is used to synthesize the cell substances of microorganisms themselves; within this ratio range, it helps the microorganisms in the compost to efficiently decompose organic matter and promote the maturity of the compost; moreover, it can effectively reduce the volatilization of ammonia during the composting process (if the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too low and there is too much nitrogen, the excess nitrogen will be lost into the air in the form of ammonia, resulting in nutrient loss; while an appropriate carbon-nitrogen ratio can enable nitrogen to be better utilized and fixed by microorganisms, improving the fertilizer efficiency of the compost).

[0115] S302. Adjust the moisture content: Adjust the moisture content (volume moisture content) of the fermentation material to 15%-40%.

[0116] Among them, the adjustment method can adopt the form of controlling the combination of raw materials with different water contents and adding water.

[0117] Further preferably, adjust the moisture content (volume moisture content) of the fermentation material to 20%-35%.

[0118] Even more preferably, adjust the moisture content (volume moisture content) of the fermentation material to 30%.

[0119] Among them, use an isolation soil sensor (products sold on the market that meet relevant national standards) as the measurement tool to cooperate with adjusting the moisture content of the mixed fermentation material.

[0120] Adjusting the moisture content and adjusting the C / N are carried out simultaneously, which generally belongs to the work content of "fermentation formula design"; and take the total organic matter content of the mixture ≥ 25% as the standard.

[0121] The formula design principle of the fermentation material: Based on the reaction main material (livestock and poultry manure), calculate the addition amounts of the auxiliary material (organic solid waste), water, and microbial inoculant.

[0122] Raw material conditions:

[0123] Main material (livestock and poultry manure): mass M1, water content, organic matter content, C / N;

[0124] Auxiliary materials (organic solid waste): mass M2, water content, organic matter content, C / N;

[0125] Water: mass M3;

[0126] Microbial inoculant: mass M4.

[0127] Design the C / N of the reaction mixture and calculate the dosage M2 of the auxiliary materials.

[0128] Among them, based on the best conditions of the organic fertilizer reaction materials in the "Technical Standard for Organic Fertilizer Engineering (GB / T54118 - 2022)" as the basis for formula design; ① C / N (dry basis) 20 - 30; ② Moisture content: 40 - 60%; ③ Total organic matter content (dry basis) ≥ 25%.

[0129] After that, based on the total organic matter content of the mixture ≥ 25% as the standard, verify the calculation results.

[0130] If the verification does not meet the requirements, return for recalculation; if the verification meets the requirements, proceed to the next step.

[0131] Design the moisture content of the reaction mixture and calculate the dosage M3 of water.

[0132] Determine whether the dosage of water is greater than 0; if it is not greater than 0, redesign the moisture content of the reaction mixture; if it is greater than 0, proceed to the next step.

[0133] Calculate the dosage M4 of the microbial inoculant based on the masses of the main materials (livestock and poultry manure) and auxiliary materials (organic solid waste).

[0134] For example, when the dosage is determined to be 2‰ according to the product instruction manual of the biological agent, M4 = (M1 + M2) * 2‰.

[0135] Take a specific formula design as an example.

[0136] The raw material data of Formula Design Example 1 is shown in the following table.

[0137]

[0138] The data of the mixed materials is shown in the following table.

[0139] Moisture content of the mixed material Optimal moisture content C / N of the mixture Optimal C / N 61.6％ 50～65％ 28.6 20～30

[0140] Note: During the formula design and calculation process, the moisture content used (the moisture content in the above content and the chart) is the "mass moisture content"; during the actual aerobic fermentation production process, it needs to be converted into the "volume moisture content" for sensor detection, and basically "volume moisture content = 0.5 × mass moisture content".

[0141] The raw material data of Formula Design Example 2 is shown in the following table.

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] Reaction material quality.

[0145]

[0146] The data of the mixed materials are as shown in the following table.

[0147] Total organic matter content of the mixed material Moisture content of the mixed material C / N of the mixture 25.3％ 58.8％ 30

[0148] For the raw material data of Formulation Design Example 3, see the following table.

[0149]

[0150] The data of the mixed materials are as shown in the following table.

[0151] Total organic matter content of the mixed material Moisture content of the mixed material Total amount of reaction materials used 22.91％ 65.79％ 325.65

[0152] S303, inoculate with biological inoculant:

[0153] Sprinkle the activated microbial inoculant evenly on the surface of the mixed materials after adjusting the moisture content;

[0154] After sprinkling, spray a small amount of water with a sprayer to moisten the microbial inoculant on the surface of the materials;

[0155] After that, mix the materials evenly again.

[0156] It should be noted that spray a very small amount of water to ensure that the dust of the biological inoculant materials no longer floats up, and at the same time does not affect the moisture content of the materials at all.

[0157] In step S4, the following steps are included.

[0158] S401, feed the fermented materials into the fermentation device: Feed the fermented materials inoculated with microbial inoculant into the aerobic fermentation device.

[0159] Among them, a bottom aeration device is provided in the aerobic fermentation device to ensure the oxygen supply during the fermentation process.

[0160] It should be noted that the aerobic fermentation device can adopt forms such as fermentation ponds and fermentation bins, and a controllable bottom aeration device is set according to the requirements.

[0161] S402, standing period:

[0162] 0 - 1 day, the microbial inoculant adapts to the fermented materials;

[0163] Meanwhile, the material temperature begins to rise slowly, and the lowest initial fermentation temperature can be as low as close to 0 °C, without aeration during this period.

[0164] It should be noted that the static period is set from 0 to 1 day according to the external environment; for example, in summer with high temperature, the static period can be not set; in winter with low temperature, the static period is several hours to 1 day.

[0165] S403. Heating period:

[0166] Carry out staged aeration on the material, aerate once every 2 hours, and each aeration lasts for 2 minutes;

[0167] Within 1 - 3 days after the static period, the temperature of the fermented material rises steadily above 40 °C.

[0168] At this stage, the metabolic activities of microorganisms gradually accelerate, and the demand for oxygen increases, but it has not yet entered the high - temperature active period; adopting an intermittent and relatively short - time aeration method can meet the oxygen demand of microorganisms while avoiding excessive heat loss caused by over - aeration or affecting the stability of the microbial growth environment.

[0169] Among them, the aeration volume is set according to the raw material quantity and biological inoculant.

[0170] It should be noted that the oxygen consumption of microorganisms is expressed by the formula Q O2 = q O2 ×X; where Q O2 is the oxygen consumption rate of microorganisms (unit: mol / L / h), q O2 is the specific oxygen consumption rate of microorganisms (unit: mol / g / h), and X is the concentration of microorganisms (unit: g / L). In the actual environment, the oxygen consumption is estimated by the number and types of microorganisms, combined with their specific oxygen consumption rates at different temperature stages, so as to determine the aeration flow rate.

[0171] The aeration volume is controlled by parameters such as air volume, air pressure, and oxygen concentration.

[0172] Preferably, the aeration volume is controlled as follows:

[0173] Air volume: 0.05 - 0.20 Nm 3 / min·m 3 ;

[0174] Air pressure: 1.0 - 1.5 KPa;

[0175] Oxygen concentration: 10 - 15%.

[0176] S404. High - temperature period:

[0177] When the temperature of the fermented material rises above 50 °C, it enters the high - temperature period;

[0178] Change the aeration frequency to aerate once every 30 minutes for 2 minutes each time.

[0179] At this stage, the activity of microorganisms reaches its peak, the rate of decomposing organic matter accelerates, and the demand for oxygen also increases significantly; increase the aeration frequency to ensure sufficient oxygen supply and maintain the efficient metabolism of microorganisms; in addition, the heat dissipation effect brought about by accelerating aeration also helps to control the temperature and avoid damage to microorganisms caused by excessive temperature (such as exceeding 70°C).

[0180] It can be understood that: if the oxygen supply is insufficient, it may lead to the inhibition of aerobic metabolism of microorganisms, the generation of anaerobic areas, the production of odor gases, and the impact on the quality of organic fertilizers.

[0181] S405. Cooling period:

[0182] The material undergoes fermentation in the high-temperature period, and the temperature drops from above 50°C to about 40°C;

[0183] Appropriately reduce the aeration frequency to aerate once every 1 - 1.5 hours for 2 minutes each time.

[0184] At this stage, as the temperature drops, the metabolic activities of microorganisms gradually weaken, and the oxygen demand decreases accordingly; at this time, appropriately reducing the aeration frequency can not only meet the basic oxygen demand of microorganisms but also avoid the too rapid temperature drop caused by excessive aeration, affecting the normal progress of fermentation.

[0185] S406. Maturity period:

[0186] When the temperature of the fermented material is maintained at about 40°C, change the aeration frequency again to aerate once every 2 hours for 2 minutes each time.

[0187] At this stage, microorganisms are still decomposing and converting organic matter, but the speed is relatively stable; controlling the appropriate aeration frequency can maintain the oxygen content in the material, ensure the continuous operation of microorganisms, further mature the organic fertilizer, and achieve better quality.

[0188] S407. Fermentation end:

[0189] The temperature of the fermented material naturally drops to about 30°C, and the moisture content drops to below 10%, and the fermentation is completed, obtaining the final organic fertilizer.

[0190] It can be understood that a temperature monitoring device is set, and the aeration is adjusted adaptively according to the fermentation temperature in each stage.

[0191] As Figure 4 shown, it is the temperature monitoring change curve in a certain fermentation process under low-temperature environment.

[0192] AsFigure 5 As shown, it is the temperature monitoring change curve during a certain fermentation process under normal temperature environment.

[0193] As Figure 6 shown, it is the compost temperature change curve of a certain pilot-scale fermentation process under the control of networked devices.

[0194] It should be noted that according to the different external temperatures, the cycle application in each fermentation stage is different; generally, the heating period is 1 - 3 days; the high-temperature period is 5 - 10 days; the cooling period is 5 - 15 days; the maturity period is 15 - 30 days; the entire aerobic fermentation process generally takes about 30 days.

[0195] As Figure 7 、 8 shown, it is the test report of a certain batch of organic fertilizers; it can be seen that the organic fertilizers prepared by aerobic fermentation of the organic fertilizers provided by this application fully meet all standards and requirements, with extremely good quality and excellent market prospects.

[0196] This application provides a standardized organic fertilizer production process.

[0197] In August 2023, the National Standards Commission, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other three departments jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of the Standard System for the Resource Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Manure" (Guo Biao Wei Lian 〔2023〕 No. 36), requiring to promote the construction of the standard system for the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure; its requirements are as follows: raw material source: clear source and wide channels; raw material detection: detection equipment and detection standards; production process monitoring: Internet of Things, intelligent monitoring equipment and monitoring standards; detection and monitoring equipment: commercially available national standard products, easy to purchase and simple to operate.

[0198] The technical solution of this application meets its requirements, ensuring that livestock and poultry manure can undergo complete aerobic fermentation to produce qualified organic fertilizers. Specifically, for raw materials with uneven quality, this application designs appropriate raw material detection indicators, selects appropriate detection equipment, and studies appropriate index parameter ranges to achieve standardized detection of materials; combined with the pretreatment process, it realizes standardized treatment, facilitates the reasonable proportioning of raw materials, and reaches standard production conditions.

[0199] This application provides a simple and low-cost organic fertilizer production process; it is extremely suitable for the organic fertilizer production process in rural areas to promote the on-site and nearby return of livestock and poultry manure to the field; it is simple and easy to operate, suitable for general rural personnel to operate, and the production management is simple and easy; it is a low-cost, low-emission and easy-to-operate treatment technology for the on-site and nearby fertilizer utilization of livestock and poultry manure.

[0200] This application provides an organic fertilizer production process with strong adaptability. Under various climatic conditions above 0°C, aerobic fermentation can be carried out to produce qualified organic fertilizers. Under the conditions from high temperature in summer to low temperature in winter, aerobic fermentation can be carried out under various working conditions. Under normal conditions, when the temperature is lower than 10°C, the activity of the biological bacteria agent will be greatly weakened, and the fermentation reaction will slow down, failing to achieve the effect of rapid aerobic fermentation. This application activates the biological bacteria agent and increases its activity, enabling it to carry out rapid aerobic fermentation under temperature conditions above 0°C.

[0201] As mentioned above, the above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, making equivalent replacements or changes should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste as main raw materials, characterized in that: Applicable to low temperature environment of 0℃~10℃, and normal temperature environment conditions above 10℃; The following steps are involved: S1. Prepare raw materials; the raw materials are livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste, as well as microbial agents; S2, raw material pretreatment: remove excess moisture, crush raw materials, and activate microbial agents; S3. Preparation before aerobic fermentation reaction: mixing fermentation materials, adjusting moisture content, and inoculating biological agents; S4. Aerobic fermentation.

2. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry excrement and organic solid waste as main raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Standardized testing of raw materials used for composting, including: moisture content, organic carbon content, organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and pH; Standardized testing of the aerobic fermentation process of composting, including online measurement of fermentation pile temperature, pile oxygen concentration and aerobic rate, and moisture content; Standardized testing is performed on finished compost products, including: mass fraction of organic matter, mass fraction of total nutrients, moisture content, pH, seed germination index, mass fraction of mechanical impurities, maturity, and heavy metal content.

3. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry excrement and organic solid waste as main raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1: The livestock and poultry manure in the raw materials is mainly solid manure after solid-liquid separation in breeding farms; the organic solid waste in the raw materials is mainly agricultural solid waste and / or wood processing industry solid waste; the microbial agent is an aerobic fermentation microbial agent.

4. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry excrement and organic solid waste as main raw materials according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The microbial agents include: agents of four bacterial genera: yeast, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, and bacillus; each genus of agents contains at least one agent of the genus.

5. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry excrement and organic solid waste as main raw materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The added amount of the microbial agent is 1‰ to 3‰.

6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry excrement and organic solid waste as main raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2: S201, removing excess moisture: drying the collected livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste to remove excess moisture; S202, raw material crushing: the livestock and poultry manure and organic solid waste after removing excess water are crushed into particles with a particle size of less than 5 cm; S203, activation of microbial agents: at room temperature, evenly mix the specially prepared microbial activator and the microbial agent in a mass ratio of (0.5-1):1, and activate the reaction at room temperature for 1-2 hours to obtain the activated microbial agent.

7. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry excrement and organic solid waste as main raw materials according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The microbial activator is composed of three components: a carbon source, a nitrogen source, and a phosphorus source; The carbon source is industrial glucose; the nitrogen source is one or more of urea, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium bicarbonate; the phosphorus source is one or two of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate; The mass ratio of the mixed materials is carbon source: nitrogen source: phosphorus source = (1.1-2.6): (2.1-6.4):

1.

8. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry excrement and organic solid waste as main raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3: S301. Prepare fermentation materials: take C / N as the control parameter, take livestock and poultry manure as the main fermentation material, take organic solid waste as the fermentation auxiliary material, adjust the material ratio, and finally adjust the C / N of the mixed material to 20-30:1, and mix the materials evenly; S302, adjusting the moisture content: adjusting the moisture content of the fermentation material to 15% to 40%; S303, inoculating biological agents: evenly sprinkle the activated microbial agents on the surface of the mixed materials after adjusting the moisture content; after sprinkling the biological agents, use a spray bottle to spray a small amount of water to moisten the microbial agents on the surface of the materials, and then mix the materials evenly again.

9. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry excrement and organic solid waste as main raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4: S401, sending to a fermentation device: sending the fermentation material inoculated with the microbial agent to an aerobic fermentation device; wherein the aerobic fermentation device is provided with a bottom aeration device.

10. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation using livestock and poultry excrement and organic solid waste as main raw materials according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, it also includes: S402, static period: 0 to 1 day, the microbial agent adapts to the fermentation material, and the material temperature begins to rise slowly. The lowest starting fermentation temperature can be close to 0°C, and no aeration is allowed during this period; S403, temperature rise period: aerate the material once every 2 hours, and aerate for 2 minutes each time; the temperature of the fermented material rises steadily to above 40°C within 1 to 3 days after the static period; S404, high temperature period: when the temperature of the fermented material rises to above 50°C, it enters the high temperature period and changes the aeration frequency to aeration once every 30 minutes, and each aeration lasts 2 minutes; S405, cooling period: the material undergoes high temperature fermentation, and the temperature drops from above 50°C to around 40°C; S406, mature stage: when the temperature of the fermented material is maintained at about 40°C, the aeration frequency is changed again, aerating once every 2 hours, and each aeration lasts 2 minutes; S407, end of fermentation: the temperature of the fermented material naturally drops to about 30°C, and the moisture content drops below 10%, the fermentation is completed, and the final organic fertilizer is obtained.

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