An intelligent proportioning and preparation method for a saline-alkali soil conditioner

Abstract

The present invention provides an intelligent proportioning preparation method for a saline-alkali soil conditioner, which relates to the field of soil conditioners. 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum are taken and added into 3-8 parts of sodium alginate colloid, and 2-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria are taken and added into the colloid; 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate are stirred to form a mixed raw material; the mixed colloid is sprayed into the mixed raw material, and finally dried and granulated to form conditioner particles. In order to solve the problem of uneven proportioning of sodium alginate, by clarifying the optimal cross-linking ratio of calcium ions in sodium alginate and desulfurized gypsum, the air permeability and water retention of the soil are enhanced, and it maintains high activity in saline-alkali soil. The soil can adsorb salt ions and reduce the salt concentration in the soil solution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of soil conditioners, and particularly to an intelligent proportioning preparation method for saline-alkali soil conditioners. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali soil conditioners are substances used to improve the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil, reduce soil salinity and alkalinity, and promote plant growth. Their action principles are diverse. Some replace harmful sodium ions in the soil through ion exchange; some adjust the soil pH value to reduce the pH; some can improve the soil structure, enhance soil permeability and water and fertilizer retention capacity. The types of conditioners are rich, including acidic substances, organic materials, minerals, and high molecular polymers, etc. For example, gypsum can react with sodium carbonate in the soil to reduce soil alkalinity; humic acid substances can adsorb salts and improve soil fertility. Reasonable use of saline-alkali soil conditioners can effectively improve the quality of saline-alkali soil and contribute to the ecological restoration of saline-alkali soil and agricultural production.

[0003] The prior art with publication number CN101935532A discloses an acidic soil conditioner, which uses the solid kelp residue generated during the production of sodium alginate as raw materials, and after drying and pulverization, the kelp residue powder is made into an acidic soil conditioner. The acidic soil conditioner of the present invention has the use of improving acidic soil as a raw material; when in use, first measure the acidity of the soil to be improved, and determine the input amount of the acidic soil conditioner according to the soil acidity; then put the acidic soil conditioner into the soil to be improved and mix it evenly with the soil. The present invention makes full use of the components rich in alkali metal elements, cellulose, protein, perlite, diatomite, activated carbon, etc. in the kelp residue, has the characteristics of rich various metal ions and cellulose, and at the same time has the ability to neutralize acidic substances. It is a nutritional acidic soil conditioner, which is beneficial to reducing the acidity of acidic soil and can also turn waste into treasure and reduce environmental pollution.

[0004] The prior art with publication number CN111139081A discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner, and its preparation raw materials include, by weight: 35-40 parts of attapulgite, 6-11 parts of humic acid, 4-7 parts of malic acid, 5-10 parts of manganese sulfate, 8-16 parts of azelaic acid, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 2-6 parts of ammonium sulfate, and 1-3 parts of stearamide. The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the present invention can adjust the soil pH, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, enhance soil permeability, and can effectively reduce the pH value and alkalinity of the soil by carefully selecting the formula.

[0005] However, the above prior art has the following problems:

[0006] 1. In terms of the reasonable proportion of sodium alginate

[0007] Neither of the two prior art documents conducted precise ratio studies on sodium alginate. In "A Soil Conditioner for Saline-alkali Soil and Its Preparation Method", although sodium alginate was mentioned as one of the raw materials, the interaction relationship between it and other components was not clarified, nor was the effect of different dosages of sodium alginate on soil improvement studied. "An Acidic Soil Conditioner and Its Uses" used kelp residue (containing components such as sodium alginate) as the raw material, but did not separately explore the reasonable dosage of sodium alginate in the process of improving acid soil, nor the effects of dosage changes on soil acidity regulation, fertility improvement, etc., and could not provide precise ratio guidance for practical applications.

[0008] 2. In terms of intelligent spray coating

[0009] Neither of the two prior art documents mentioned the intelligent spray coating technology. In "A Soil Conditioner for Saline-alkali Soil and Its Preparation Method", it did not elaborate on how to uniformly mix and coat various raw materials, which might lead to uneven distribution of components and affect the performance of the soil conditioner. "An Acidic Soil Conditioner and Its Uses" also did not cover the coating process for the conditioner particles, and could not ensure the effective action and stability of the conditioner in the soil. Due to the lack of intelligent spray coating technology, it is difficult to ensure the quality and performance stability of the soil improvement products in the prior art documents.

[0010] Therefore, a method for intelligent ratio preparation of a saline-alkali soil conditioner is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art. The present invention proposes a method for intelligent ratio preparation of a saline-alkali soil conditioner, aiming to solve the problem of poor soil quality effect caused by uneven ratio of sodium alginate.

[0012] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for intelligent ratio preparation of a saline-alkali soil conditioner includes the following steps:

[0013] S1: Dissolve 3 - 8 parts of sodium alginate in warm water, stir for 30 minutes, take 15 - 25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, add it to the sodium alginate colloid to form a semi-gel state pre-crosslinked liquid;

[0014] Weigh 2 - 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 - 3 parts of Lactobacillus, and slowly add them to the pre-crosslinked liquid;

[0015] S2: Pass 20 - 30 parts of humic acid, 5 - 10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 5 - 10 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve, and dry-mix them at room temperature for 30 minutes by a stirrer at a rotation speed of 180 rpm;

[0016] S3: Spray the pre-crosslinked liquid of S1 into the mixed raw materials in the stirrer in a spray manner;

[0017] S4: The wet granules are dried and granulated to form improver granules with a sodium alginate-microorganism gel layer coated on the surface.

[0018] Furthermore, the material-water ratio of the sodium alginate to warm water is 1:15.

[0019] Furthermore, the sodium alginate and the desulfurized gypsum undergo an ion exchange reaction so that calcium ions and sodium alginate carboxyl groups are cross-linked in a molar ratio of 1:2.

[0020] Furthermore, the specific steps of S3 are as follows:

[0021] S31: Use a nozzle to spray into the mixer. The nozzle has a built-in viscosity sensor to monitor the viscosity of the pre-crosslinking liquid in real time and automatically adjust the aperture and spray pressure through the PID algorithm;

[0022] S32: The upper end of the inner side of the mixer is equipped with an infrared humidity sensor to monitor the humidity inside the mixer and adjust the spray flow rate and stirring speed.

[0023] S33: A hyperspectral camera is installed outside the mixer to collect particle images in real time, and the packaging status is identified through the CNN algorithm to adjust the spray time and angle.

[0024] Furthermore, in S31, when the viscosity sensor detects that the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the aperture is automatically compensated by 0.1 mm and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05 MPa.

[0025] Furthermore, in S32, when the infrared humidity sensor detects that the local humidity is greater than 15%, the spray flow rate is automatically reduced by 10% and the stirring speed is increased to 250 rpm.

[0026] Furthermore, in S33, when the uncoated particles are greater than 15%, the spraying time is automatically extended by 5 minutes and the nozzle swing angle is expanded to 90°.

[0027] Furthermore, the nozzle is a piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture nozzle, and the piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture nozzle is controlled to rotate by a motor arranged on one side, so that the nozzle swing angle can reach 90°.

[0028] Furthermore, in S4, the wet granules are dried at 60° C. to a moisture content of 8%-10%, processed into 2-4 mm granules by a disc granulator, and sieved by a vibrating screen.

[0029] Furthermore, a soil conditioner is prepared by an intelligent proportioning method for preparing saline-alkali soil conditioners, and includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-8 parts of sodium alginate, 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 2-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0031] 1. Through precise stoichiometric calculations, the optimal cross-linking ratio of sodium alginate to calcium ions in desulfurized gypsum was determined to be 1:2, and based on this, a reasonable dosage range of 3 - 8 parts of sodium alginate was determined. At this ratio, the carboxyl groups of sodium alginate are fully cross-linked with calcium ions, and the proportion of soil aggregates > 0.25mm is significantly increased, with an increase range of 37% - 61%, effectively improving the soil structure and enhancing the air permeability and water retention of the soil;

[0032] Sodium alginate with a reasonable ratio has a good protective effect on microorganisms. Sodium alginate with an accurate ratio can form a stable microcapsule structure, effectively protecting microorganisms, enabling them to maintain a high activity in saline-alkali soil, promoting nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition in the soil, and enhancing soil fertility;

[0033] The reasonable ratio of sodium alginate significantly improves the ion adsorption capacity of the soil. The soil can more effectively adsorb salt ions, reduce the salt concentration in the soil solution, mitigate the toxic effect of salts on crops, and create a good soil environment for crop growth.

[0034] 2. The intelligent spray coating technology, with the help of a piezoelectric ceramic variable-aperture nozzle and an internal viscosity sensor, according to the PID algorithm, automatically adjusts the aperture and spray pressure when the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, precisely controls the spray particle size, makes the atomized particle distribution concentrated, increases the particle coating uniformity from 60% to over 85%, reduces the wet mass rate from 20% - 25% to below 5%, enables the components of the modifier to be evenly distributed in the soil, enhances the improvement effect. The spray - stirring linkage function monitors the humidity through an infrared humidity sensor, and when the local humidity > 15%, automatically adjusts the spray flow rate and stirring speed, breaks up the wet mass, and evenly coats the dry powder raw materials with the sodium alginate - microorganism - desulfurized gypsum complex, enhancing the stability and effectiveness of the modifier in the soil, and compensating for the defect of uneven component distribution in the prior art. The AI quality monitoring uses a hyperspectral camera and a CNN algorithm to monitor the coating status in real time. When the proportion of uncoated particles > 15%, automatically adjusts the spray time and nozzle angle, increases the proportion of fully coated particles from 60% to over 85%, improves the utilization rate of the modifier, reduces resource waste, and ensures the stable and reliable improvement effect, which is difficult to achieve in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The disclosure of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same components. Among them:

[0036] Figure 1Schematically shows the overall method flow chart proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 Schematically shows the module diagram of intelligent spraying proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0038] It is easy to understand that according to the technical solution of the present invention, without changing the essence of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can propose various interchangeable structural ways and implementation ways. Therefore, the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings are only exemplary illustrations of the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be regarded as the whole of the present invention or as a limitation or restriction on the technical solution of the present invention.

[0039] Combined with Figure 1 - Figure 2 Shown is an intelligent proportioning and preparation method for a saline-alkali soil conditioner, including the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Proportioning

[0041] 1. Pretreatment of raw materials and stoichiometric proportioning

[0042] Dissolve 3 - 8 parts of sodium alginate in 45 - 120 parts of warm water at 30°C, with a material-to-water ratio of 1:15, stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved to form a 6.25% colloidal solution. Take 15 - 25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, pass it through a 120-mesh sieve and add it to the sodium alginate colloid in 3 portions while stirring at a speed of 150 rpm. Through an ion exchange reaction, crosslink calcium ions and the carboxyl groups of sodium alginate in a 1:2 molar ratio to form a semi-gel state pre-crosslinked liquid, and the reaction time is 20 minutes.

[0043] 2. Optimization of microbial embedding parameters

[0044] Bacterial agent proportioning: Weigh 2 - 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 - 3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, and slowly add them to the pre-crosslinked liquid. Embedding process: Stir at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes, control the microcapsule particle size to be 50 - 100 μm, and ensure that the bacterial content per gram of colloid reaches 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0045] Step 2: Dry mixing process

[0046] Pass 20 - 30 parts of humic acid, 5 - 10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 5 - 10 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve to remove impurities and ensure uniform particle size. Stir dry at room temperature for 30 minutes with a speed of 180 rpm through a mixer to fully disperse the dry powder raw materials.

[0047] Step 3: Intelligent spraying and coating system

[0048] Intelligent nozzle control: A piezoelectric ceramic variable-aperture nozzle (dynamic adjustment of 0.3 - 0.8 mm) is adopted. A viscosity sensor is built-in to monitor the viscosity of the pre-crosslinked liquid in real time. The aperture and spray pressure are automatically adjusted through the PID algorithm (target particle size 80 - 120 μm). When the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the aperture is automatically compensated by 0.1 mm, and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05 MPa to ensure the concentration of the atomized particle distribution (CV ≤ 16%).

[0049] Spray-stirring linkage: An infrared humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity in the mixer. When the local humidity > 15%, the spray flow rate is automatically reduced by 10% and the stirring speed is increased to 250 rpm to break up the wet clumps (the incidence rate of wet clumps ≤ 5%).

[0050] AI quality monitoring: A hyperspectral camera is used to collect particle images in real time. The CNN algorithm is used to identify the wrapping state. When the proportion of unwrapped particles > 15%, the spray time is automatically extended by 5 minutes and the nozzle swing angle is enlarged to 90° to cover the edge blind area (the proportion of fully wrapped particles ≥ 85%).

[0051] Step Four: Low-temperature drying and standardized granulation

[0052] 1. Drying process: The wet particles are dried at 60°C to a moisture content of 8% - 10% (drying time 4 - 6 hours) to avoid destroying the microbial activity and the alginate gel structure at high temperatures.

[0053] 2. Granulation and screening: They are processed into 2 - 4 mm particles by a disk granulator and screened by a vibrating screen to form modifier particles with a surface uniformly wrapped with an alginate-microbial gel layer.

[0054] Example One

[0055] Step One: Ratio

[0056] 1. Raw material pretreatment and stoichiometric ratio

[0057] Dissolve 5 parts of sodium alginate in 75 parts of warm water at 30°C and stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved to form a 6.25% colloidal solution; take 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum passed through a 120-mesh sieve, add it to the sodium alginate colloid in 3 batches, stir while adding, and crosslink calcium ions with the carboxyl groups of sodium alginate in a 1:2 molar ratio through an ion exchange reaction to form a semi-gel state pre-crosslinked liquid, and control the reaction time within 20 minutes.

[0058] 2. Optimization of microbial embedding parameters

[0059] Weigh 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, slowly add them to the pre-crosslinked liquid, stir at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes, control the microcapsule particle size at 50 - 100 μm, and ensure that the bacteria content per gram of colloid reaches 1×10 9CFU / g, the loss rate of viable bacteria ≤ 15%.

[0060] Step Two, Dry Mixing Process

[0061] Pass 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve to remove impurities and ensure uniform particle size. Dry mix for 30 minutes at room temperature using a blender at a rotation speed of 180 rpm to fully disperse the dry powder raw materials.

[0062] Step Three, Intelligent Spray Coating System

[0063] 31. Intelligent Nozzle Control: Use a piezoelectric ceramic variable-aperture nozzle with dynamic adjustment from 0.3 - 0.8 mm. An internal viscosity sensor monitors the viscosity of the pre-crosslinked liquid in real time. Automatically adjust the aperture and spray pressure through the PID algorithm. When the viscosity fluctuates by more than ±10%, the aperture automatically compensates by 0.1 mm and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05 MPa to ensure the concentration of atomized particle distribution.

[0064] 32. Spray-Stirring Linkage: Cooperate with an infrared humidity sensor to monitor the humidity inside the blender. When the local humidity > 15%, automatically reduce the spray flow rate by 10% and increase the stirring speed to 250 rpm to break up wet clumps.

[0065] 33. AI Quality Monitoring: A hyperspectral camera collects particle images in real time. Identify the coating status through the CNN algorithm. When the uncoated particles > 15%, automatically extend the spray time by 5 minutes and expand the nozzle swing angle to 90° to cover the edge blind area.

[0066] Step Four: Low-Temperature Drying and Standard Granulation

[0067] Dry the wet particles at 60°C until the moisture content is 8% - 10%, avoiding high temperatures from damaging the microbial activity and the alginate gel structure. Process them into 2 - 4 mm particles using a disk granulator and sieve them through a vibrating screen to form modifier particles with a uniformly coated alginate-microbial gel layer on the surface.

[0068] Example Two

[0069] Step One, Ratio

[0070] Raw Material Pretreatment and Stoichiometric Ratio

[0071] Dissolve 3 parts of sodium alginate in 45 parts of 30°C warm water and stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved. Take 15 parts of desulfurized gypsum that has passed through a 120-mesh sieve and add it to the sodium alginate colloid in 3 portions while stirring. Through an ion exchange reaction, crosslink calcium ions and the carboxyl groups of sodium alginate at a molar ratio of 1:2 to form a semi-gel state pre-crosslinked liquid, and control the reaction time within 20 minutes.

[0072] 2. Optimization of Microbial Embedding Parameters

[0073] Weigh 2 portions of Bacillus subtilis and 1 portion of Lactobacillus, slowly add them into the pre-crosslinked solution, stir at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes, and control the microcapsule particle size to be 50 - 100 μm.

[0074] Step Two: Dry Mixing Process

[0075] Pass 20 portions of humic acid, 5 portions of sodium lignosulfonate, and 5 portions of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve, and perform dry stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 180 rpm.

[0076] Step Three: Intelligent Spray Coating System

[0077] 31. Intelligent Nozzle Control: Use a piezoelectric ceramic variable-aperture nozzle with a dynamic adjustment range of 0.3 - 0.8 mm. An internal viscosity sensor monitors the viscosity of the pre-crosslinked solution in real time. The aperture and spray pressure are automatically adjusted through the PID algorithm. When the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the aperture is automatically compensated by 0.1 mm, and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05 MPa.

[0078] 32. Spray-Stirring Linkage: Cooperate with an infrared humidity sensor to monitor the humidity inside the mixer. When the local humidity > 15%, automatically reduce the spray flow rate by 10% and increase the stirring speed to 250 rpm to break up the wet clumps.

[0079] 33. AI Quality Monitoring: A hyperspectral camera collects particle images in real time. The wrapping status is identified through the CNN algorithm. When the proportion of unwrapped particles > 15%, automatically extend the spray time by 5 minutes and expand the nozzle swing angle to 90° to cover the edge blind area.

[0080] Step Four: Low-Temperature Drying and Standard Granulation

[0081] Dry the wet particles at 60°C until the moisture content is 8% - 10%, process them into 2 - 4 mm particles through a disk granulator, and screen them through a vibrating screen to form modifier particles with a surface uniformly coated with a sodium alginate - microbial gel layer.

[0082] Example Three

[0083] Step One: Ratio

[0084] Raw Material Pretreatment and Stoichiometric Ratio

[0085] Dissolve 8 portions of sodium alginate in 120 portions of warm water at 30°C, stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved, take 25 portions of desulfurized gypsum passed through a 120-mesh sieve, add it to the sodium alginate colloid in 3 portions while stirring. Through an ion exchange reaction, crosslink calcium ions and the carboxyl groups of sodium alginate in a molar ratio of 1:2 to form a semi-gel state pre-crosslinked solution, and control the reaction time to be 20 minutes.

[0086] 2. Optimization of Microbial Embedding Parameters

[0087] Weigh 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 31 parts of lactic acid bacteria, slowly add them into the pre-crosslinking solution, stir at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes, and control the microcapsule particle size to 50-100 μm.

[0088] Step 2: Dry mixing process

[0089] 30 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 10 parts of ferrous sulfate were passed through an 80-mesh sieve and dry-mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 180 rpm.

[0090] Step 3: Intelligent spray packaging system

[0091] 31. Intelligent nozzle control: It adopts piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture nozzle, 0.3-0.8mm dynamic adjustment, built-in viscosity sensor to monitor the viscosity of pre-cross-linking liquid in real time, and automatically adjusts the aperture and spray pressure through PID algorithm. When the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the aperture is automatically compensated by 0.1mm and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05MPa to ensure the concentration of atomized particle distribution.

[0092] 32. Spray-mixing linkage: Cooperate with infrared humidity sensor to monitor the humidity in the mixer. When the local humidity is greater than 15%, the spray flow rate is automatically reduced by 10% and the mixing speed is increased to 250 rpm to break up the wet clumps.

[0093] 33. AI quality monitoring: The hyperspectral camera collects particle images in real time and uses the CNN algorithm to identify the packaging status. When the proportion of unwrapped particles is greater than 15%, the spray time is automatically extended by 5 minutes and the nozzle swing angle is expanded to 90° to cover the edge blind area.

[0094] Step 4: Low temperature drying and standardized granulation

[0095] The wet granules are dried at 60°C to a moisture content of 8%-10%, processed into 2-4 mm granules by a disc granulator, and sieved by a vibrating screen to form improver granules with a sodium alginate-microbial gel layer evenly coated on the surface.

[0096] Comparative Example 1

[0097] Step 1: Mixing

[0098] Raw material pretreatment and stoichiometric ratio

[0099] Dissolve 2 parts of sodium alginate in 30 parts of 30°C warm water and stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved. Take 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum sieved through a 120-mesh sieve and add sodium alginate colloid in 3 times while stirring to form a semi-gel pre-cross-linking liquid. The reaction time is controlled within 20 minutes.

[0100] Optimization of microbial embedding parameters

[0101] Weigh 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, slowly add them to the pre-crosslinked solution, stir at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes, and control the microcapsule particle size to be 50 - 100 μm.

[0102] Step Two: Dry Mixing Process

[0103] Pass 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve, and dry mix them through a stirrer at room temperature for 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 180 rpm.

[0104] Step Three: Intelligent Spray Coating System

[0105] Spray and add sodium alginate - microbial colloid to the stirrer.

[0106] Step Four: Low-temperature Drying and Standard Granulation

[0107] Dry the wet particles at 60 °C until the moisture content is 8% - 10%, process them into 2 - 4 mm particles through a disk granulator, and screen them through a vibrating screen to form modifier particles with a surface uniformly coated with a sodium alginate - microbial gel layer.

[0108] Comparative Example Two

[0109] Step One: Ratio

[0110] Raw Material Pretreatment and Stoichiometric Ratio

[0111] Dissolve 2 parts of sodium alginate in 30 parts of warm water at 30 °C, stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved, take 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum passed through a 120-mesh sieve, add it while stirring to form a semi-gel pre-crosslinked solution, and control the reaction time to 20 minutes.

[0112] 2. Optimization of Microbial Embedding Parameters

[0113] Weigh 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, slowly add them to the pre-crosslinked solution, stir at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes, and control the microcapsule particle size to be 50 - 100 μm.

[0114] Step Two: Mixing Process

[0115] Pass 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve, and mix them with the pre-crosslinked solution through a stirrer.

[0116] Step Three: Low-temperature Drying and Standard Granulation

[0117] Dry the wet particles at 60 °C until the moisture content is 8% - 10%, process them into 2 - 4 mm particles through a disk granulator, and screen them through a vibrating screen to form modifier particles with a surface uniformly coated with a sodium alginate - microbial gel layer.

[0118] Comparative Example 3

[0119] Step 1: Pass 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve, and mix them with 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria by a blender.

[0120] Step 2: Dry the wet granules at 60°C until the moisture content is 8% - 10%, process them into 2 - 4 mm granules by a disc granulator, and screen them through a vibrating sieve to form modifier granules with a sodium alginate - microbial gel layer evenly coated on the surface.

[0121] Table of Sodium Alginate Ratio and Function Verification

[0122] Group Dosage of sodium alginate (parts) Microbial embedding method Calcium ion cross - linking ratio Soil aggregates > 0.25mm (%) Microbial survival rate (pH > 9.0) Sodium ion adsorption capacity (mg / g) Example 1 5 Sodium alginate gel microcapsule package 1:2 molar ratio 52 ≥78% 220-250 Example 2 3 Sodium alginate gel microcapsule package 1:2 molar ratio 48 ≥75% 180-220 Example 3 8 Sodium alginate gel microcapsule package 1:2 molar ratio 55 ≥80% 220-250 Control Example 1 2 Traditional mixing (without microcapsules) Not accurately proportioned 35 ≤50% 120-150 Control Example 2 2 Traditional mixing (without microcapsules) Not accurately proportioned 34 ≤45% 100-130 Control Example 3 0 None None 25 ≤30% 80-100

[0123] Table Analysis:

[0124] 1. Microcapsules Protect Microorganisms: In the examples, the dosage of sodium alginate is 3 - 8 parts. The microorganisms are encapsulated by gel microcapsules, increasing the survival rate of Bacillus subtilis and others in a high - alkali environment to over 75%, significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1 and 2 (≤50%) and Comparative Example 3 (without sodium alginate, survival rate ≤30%).

[0125] 2. Carboxyl Group Adsorbs Salts: The carboxyl groups in sodium alginate molecules combine with sodium ions. The adsorption capacity in the examples reaches 180 - 250 mg / g, a 60% - 80% increase compared to Comparative Example 1 and 2 (100 - 150 mg / g), verifying the high - efficiency ion - adsorption ability of the carboxyl group.

[0126] 3. Calcium Ion Cross - linking Enhances Aggregates: In the examples, sodium alginate and desulfurized gypsum are cross - linked at a molar ratio of 1:2, and the proportion of soil aggregates > 0.25 mm reaches 48% - 55%, a 40% - 60% increase compared to Comparative Example 1 and 2 (34% - 35%), proving that calcium ion cross - linking effectively improves the soil structure.

[0127] Table of Performance Comparison of Intelligent Spray Coating System

[0128] Group Nozzle type Uniformity of particle wrapping (%) Wet mass ratio (%) Atomization particle size control (μm) AI quality monitoring Ion adsorption capacity (sodium ion removal rate) Example 1 Piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture, dynamic adjustment 85 ≤5 80-120 Hyperspectral camera 48.9% Example 2 Piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture, dynamic adjustment 82 ≤5 80-120 Hyperspectral camera 45.7% Example 3 Piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture, dynamic adjustment 88 ≤5 80-120 Hyperspectral camera 50.2% Control Example 1 Fixed aperture 60 20 50-200 None 33.0% Control Example 2 Fixed aperture 55 25 50-200 None 30.5% Control Example 3 No spray wrapping 40 40 - None 25.0%

[0129] Table Analysis:

[0130] 1. Advantage of Atomization Uniformity: In the examples, an intelligent variable - aperture nozzle + AI monitoring is adopted, and the particle coating uniformity reaches 82% - 88%, and the wet mass ratio ≤5%, significantly better than that of Comparative Example 1 and 2 (uniformity 55% - 60%, wet mass ratio 20% - 25%) and Comparative Example 3 (without spraying, uniformity 40%).

[0131] 2. Improvement in ion adsorption capacity: Through uniform coating and precise crosslinking, the intelligent solution achieves a sodium ion removal rate of 45.7% - 50.2%, which is 40% - 50% higher than that of traditional fixed-aperture nozzles (30.5% - 33.0%), demonstrating that atomization uniformity directly affects ion adsorption efficiency.

[0132] 3. Process stability: The intelligent nozzle in the embodiment dynamically adjusts the aperture according to viscosity (compensation ±0.1 mm), combined with spray-stirring linkage (automatically adjusts flow rate and rotation speed when humidity > 15%), avoiding local agglomeration and ensuring that the integrity of the gel layer on the surface of the modifier particles is ≥ 85%.

[0133] Measured table of intelligent spray coating uniformity

[0134] Group Completely wrapped particles (%) Partially wrapped particles (%) Unwrapped particles (%) Wet mass ratio (%) Example 1 85 13 2 3 Example 2 82 16 2 4 Example 3 88 10 2 2 Control Example 1 60 25 15 22 Control Example 2 55 30 5 25 Control Example 3 40 35 25 40

[0135] Table analysis:

[0136] In the embodiment, the proportion of completely coated particles ≥ 82%, the proportion of uncoated particles ≤ 2%, and the wet agglomerate rate ≤ 4%, far exceeding Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (completely coated ≤ 60%, wet agglomerate rate 22% - 25%). The dynamic adjustment of the intelligent nozzle and AI monitoring ensure uniform coating of the gel layer, avoiding local agglomeration and providing a stable microenvironment for microbial colonization and ion exchange.

[0137] In summary, the following experimental comparisons are carried out:

[0138] Target plot: A moderately saline-alkali land in North China (initial pH = 9.2, salt content = 0.45%, organic matter = 0.8%).

[0139] Application method: In Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3, 30 kg of modifier is applied per mu respectively, spread before sowing 20 days in advance and deeply plowed 20 cm, and soil indicators are detected 30 days later.

[0140] Detection indicators: pH value, salt content, organic matter content, viable microbial count (Bacillus subtilis), proportion of aggregates > 0.25 mm, and corn emergence rate.

[0141] Experimental result comparison table

[0142] Group pH value Salt content (%) Organic matter content (%) Viable count of Bacillus subtilis (CFU / g) Aggregates > 0.25mm (%) Maize emergence rate (%) Example 1 8.2 0.28 1.5 <![CDATA[1.8×10 8 > 52 72 Example 2 8.0 0.25 1.8 <![CDATA[2.2×10 8 > 48 78 Example 3 8.1 0.26 1.7 <![CDATA[2.0×10 8 > 55 75 Control Example 1 8.5 0.32 1.2 <![CDATA[1.2×10 8 > 35 65 Control Example 2 8.6 0.33 1.1 <![CDATA[1.1×10 8 > 34 63 Control Example 3 9.1 0.42 0.9 <![CDATA[3.5×10 5 > 29 58

[0143] 1. Effect analysis of reasonable proportion of sodium alginate

[0144] Effects on soil pH and salt content: From the tabular data, in the examples, as the amount of sodium alginate varied between 3 and 8 parts, both the soil pH value and salt content decreased significantly. In Example 2 (3 parts of sodium alginate), the pH value dropped to 8.0 and the salt content dropped to 0.25%; in Example 3 (8 parts of sodium alginate), the pH value was 8.1 and the salt content was 0.26%. In Comparative Example 1, there was only 2 parts of sodium alginate, the pH value was 8.5, and the salt content was 0.32%. In Comparative Example 3, no sodium alginate was added, the pH value was 9.1, and the salt content was 0.42%, close to the initial value. This indicates that a reasonable ratio of sodium alginate can effectively reduce the soil pH and salt content, and within a certain range, as the amount of sodium alginate increases, the effect of alkali reduction and desalination shows an upward trend, but it is not an absolute linear relationship.

[0145] Effects on soil organic matter content and viable microbial counts: The organic matter content and viable Bacillus subtilis counts in the examples were significantly higher than those in the comparative examples. In Example 2, the organic matter content reached 1.8%, and the viable Bacillus subtilis count was 2.2×10 8 CFU / g; in Comparative Example 3, the organic matter content was only 0.9%, and the viable count was 3.5×10 5 CFU / g. Sodium alginate provides a protective and survival environment for microorganisms, helps microorganisms decompose organic matter, and increases soil organic matter. At the same time, a reasonable ratio of sodium alginate can ensure a high survival rate of microorganisms. At a dosage of 3 - 8 parts, the microbial activity is relatively high, promoting the improvement of the soil ecosystem.

[0146] Effects on soil aggregates and corn emergence rate: The proportion of aggregates >0.25mm and the corn emergence rate in the examples were significantly higher than those in the comparative examples. In Example 3, the proportion of aggregates reached 55%, and the corn emergence rate was 75%; in Comparative Example 3, the proportion of aggregates was only 29%, and the corn emergence rate was 58%. The gel network formed by the cross - linking of sodium alginate and calcium ions enhanced the soil aggregate structure, improved soil aeration and water retention, created good conditions for corn growth, and increased the corn emergence rate. A reasonable ratio of sodium alginate plays a key role in enhancing soil aggregation and promoting crop growth.

[0147] 2. Analysis of the effects of intelligent spray coating

[0148] Impact on the improvement degree of each soil index: By comparing the data of different spray coating methods in the examples and comparative examples, the examples with intelligent spray coating perform better in each soil index. Taking Comparative Example 1 as an example, although sodium alginate was also used, intelligent spray coating was not adopted, and its soil pH value, salt content, organic matter content, the proportion of aggregates > 0.25mm, and the corn emergence rate were all inferior to those in the examples. Intelligent spray coating enables the sodium alginate-microorganism-desulfurized gypsum complex to more evenly coat the dry powder raw materials, promoting the reaction and synergy among various components, and thus more effectively improving the physical and chemical properties and microbial environment of the soil.

[0149] Impact on the distribution and activity of microorganisms: From the index of the viable count of Bacillus subtilis, the viable count in the examples is significantly higher than that in the comparative examples. The intelligent nozzle control, spray-stirring linkage, and AI quality monitoring in the intelligent spray coating system ensure the uniform distribution of microorganisms in the conditioner, reduce the loss of microorganisms during the preparation process, and improve the survival rate and activity of microorganisms. For example, the viable count in Example 2 is 2.2×10 8 CFU / g, while in Comparative Example 2, due to the lack of intelligent monitoring, the viable count is only 1.1×10 8 CFU / g.

[0150] Impact on the performance stability of the conditioner: The intelligent spray coating system ensures the quality and performance stability of the conditioner particles through precise control of the spraying process. In the examples, the fluctuations of each index are small, indicating that the intelligent spray coating system can effectively avoid the performance differences of the conditioner caused by problems such as uneven spraying and local agglomeration. In the comparative examples, due to the lack of these intelligent controls, the fluctuations of each index are large, and the performance stability of the conditioner is poor.

[0151] The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various deformations and modifications to the above examples without departing from the technical idea of the present invention, and these deformations and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner by intelligent proportioning, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Dissolve 3-8 parts of sodium alginate in warm water and stir for 30 minutes. Take 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum and add sodium alginate colloid to form a semi-gel pre-crosslinking liquid. Sodium alginate and desulfurized gypsum undergo ion exchange reaction to crosslink calcium ions and sodium alginate carboxyl groups in a molar ratio of 1:

2. Weigh 2-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria and slowly add them to the pre-crosslinking solution; S2: 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate were passed through an 80-mesh sieve and dry-mixed in a blender at room temperature for 30 minutes at a speed of 180 rpm; S3: spraying the pre-crosslinking liquid of S1 into the mixed raw materials in the mixer; S4: The wet granules are dried and granulated to form improver granules with a sodium alginate-microorganism gel layer coated on the surface.

2. The method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner by intelligent proportioning according to claim 1, wherein: The material-to-water ratio of the sodium alginate to warm water is 1:

15.

3. The method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner by intelligent proportioning according to claim 1, wherein: The specific steps of S3 are as follows: S31: Use a nozzle to spray into the mixer. The nozzle has a built-in viscosity sensor to monitor the viscosity of the pre-crosslinking liquid in real time and automatically adjust the aperture and spray pressure through the PID algorithm; S32: The upper end of the inner side of the mixer is equipped with an infrared humidity sensor to monitor the humidity inside the mixer and adjust the spray flow rate and stirring speed; S33: A hyperspectral camera is installed outside the mixer to collect particle images in real time, and the packaging status is identified through the CNN algorithm to adjust the spray time and angle.

4. The method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner by intelligent proportioning according to claim 3, wherein: In the above S31, when the viscosity sensor detects that the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the aperture is automatically compensated by 0.1 mm and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05 MPa.

5. The method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner by intelligent proportioning according to claim 3, wherein: In the S32, when the infrared humidity sensor detects that the local humidity is greater than 15%, the spray flow rate is automatically reduced by 10% and the stirring speed is increased to 250 rpm.

6. The method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner by intelligent proportioning according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the S33, when the proportion of uncoated particles is greater than 15%, the spraying time is automatically extended by 5 minutes and the nozzle swing angle is expanded to 90°.

7. The method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner by intelligent proportioning according to claim 4, characterized in that: The nozzle is a piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture nozzle, and the piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture nozzle is controlled to rotate by a motor arranged on one side, so that the nozzle swing angle can reach 90 degrees.

8. The method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner by intelligent proportioning according to claim 1, wherein: In S4, the wet granules are dried at 60° C. to a moisture content of 8%-10%, processed into 2-4 mm granules by a disc granulator, and sieved by a vibrating screen.

9. A soil conditioner, prepared by the intelligent proportioning preparation method of saline-alkali soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-8 parts of sodium alginate, 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 2-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate.

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