Coking system and method for eliminating detonation of vertical brick gas passage

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of coking, and particularly relates to a coking system and method for eliminating detonation of a vertical brick gas passage. The coking system capable of eliminating detonation of the vertical brick gas passage comprises a transverse pipe, a lower spray pipe, a gas exchange system, a carbon removal air exchange system, a control system, a carbon removal execution mechanism and a gas exchange execution mechanism, the gas exchange system comprises a gas main pipe, a plurality of gas branch pipes and gas exchange cocks mounted on the gas branch pipes, and the gas branch pipes are communicated with the transverse pipe; the carbon removal air exchange system comprises a carbon removal main pipe, carbon removal branch pipes and carbon removal exchange cocks arranged on the carbon removal branch pipes, and the carbon removal branch pipes are used for being communicated with the coal gas exchange cocks; and the coal gas exchange executing mechanism and the carbon removal executing mechanism respectively drive the coal gas exchange cock and the carbon removal exchange cock to be opened / closed. The element of a combustion improver can be eliminated, the retention risk of residual gas is reduced to zero, and the detonation phenomenon of the vertical brick gas channel is eliminated from the source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the coking field, and particularly relates to a coking system and method for eliminating the detonation of vertical brick gas ducts. Background Art

[0002] In modern coking industry, the stability of the coke oven heating system is the core element to ensure coke quality and production safety. As a key channel of the heating system, the vertical brick gas duct undertakes the important function of transporting coke oven gas to the upright flue for combustion. However, for a long time, the problems of detonation of the vertical brick gas duct and damage of the pipe bricks during the commutation process of the heating system have become technical problems that the industry urgently needs to overcome.

[0003] During the heating process of coke oven gas, in order to prevent the coking head from being blocked by carbon deposition in the high-temperature section, each switching cock is equipped with an air carbon removal device. When the heating system commutes, the gas switching cock closes, and the rising gas flow turns into a descending gas flow. At this time, the carbon removal hole opens, and air is introduced into the horizontal pipe through the carbon removal branch pipe. After mixing with the residual gas in the pipe, it enters the vertical brick gas duct through the lower spray pipe. The key problem is that when the mixed gas flows through the inner pipe bricks of the main wall and reaches the middle of the regenerator, the temperature here is as high as 700 - 900 °C, and the temperature at the top of the regenerator is even higher, reaching 1100 - 1200 °C, far exceeding the ignition point of coke oven gas at 600 - 650 °C, forming an explosion condition where the three elements of "combustible (residual gas) - oxidizer (air) - ignition point (high-temperature environment)" coexist. The instantaneous pressure generated by the detonation (up to 0.5 - 1 MPa) repeatedly impacts the pipe bricks, causing cracks, peeling, or even fracture, which in turn affects the uniform heating of the coke oven, increases the difficulty of thermal engineering regulation and maintenance costs.

[0004] Early treatment measures for this problem mainly focused on optimizing the commutation steps and strengthening the carbon removal system. For example, by extending the commutation pause time (from the traditional 0.8 seconds to 30 seconds) to reduce gas residue, or increasing the air pressure of the carbon removal fan (from 500 Pa to 2000 Pa) to accelerate the discharge of residual gas. However, these measures can only relieve the problem to a limited extent and cannot achieve a complete cure. With the development of large-scale coke ovens, the height of a single-hole carbonization chamber increases, and the pressure of the sight hole also increases, resulting in a corresponding decrease in the gas flow velocity of the heating system and an increase in the length of the horizontal pipe. The residence time of residual gas in the pipeline is correspondingly extended. Under these conditions, the amount of residual gas increases significantly, and the residence time of the mixed gas in the high-temperature area is extended. The probability of detonation is several times higher than that of medium and small-sized coke ovens, and the service life of the pipe bricks is severely shortened, seriously affecting the service life of the coke oven.

[0005] By deeply analyzing the defects of the existing technology, it can be seen that the root cause lies in the failure to break the coexistence state of the three elements of explosion. The transportation characteristics of coke oven gas determine that there must be residual gas during commutation, and the high-temperature environment in the regenerator is a necessary condition for maintaining the thermal regime of the coke oven and cannot be eliminated. The design logic of the existing decarbonization device is to "prevent carbon deposition through air purging", but this design objectively introduces the combustion-supporting agent required for explosion, resulting in the passive collection of the three elements. Although some enterprises have tried to install check valves or flow regulating valves on the decarbonization branch pipes, due to the lack of linkage control with the commutation system, the time window for accurately cutting off the air introduction cannot be achieved, and there is still an air leakage period of 0.5 - 1 minute, which is sufficient to form an explosive mixture.

[0006] In summary, the existing technology faces three major bottlenecks in the treatment of detonation in vertical brick gas ducts: Design contradiction: The decarbonization function conflicts with the explosion-proof requirement, and the existing device cannot prevent carbon deposition and block the entry of air during commutation; Control deficiency: There is a lack of precise control means for decarbonization air that is linked with the commutation system, and the air introduction cannot be cut off at the critical time window; Challenge of large-scale operation: The gigantization of coke ovens leads to the synchronous increase in the residence time of residual gas and the action range of the high-temperature zone, making traditional mitigation measures ineffective.

[0007] Therefore, how to eliminate the detonation in vertical brick gas ducts has become an urgent problem to be solved in the coking industry. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coking system and method for eliminating the detonation in vertical brick gas ducts, so as to solve the technical problem that when the heating system commutes, the residual gas in the horizontal pipe mixes with air and is prone to detonation in the brick gas duct.

[0009] To solve the above problems, a coking system for eliminating the detonation in vertical brick gas ducts provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A coking system for eliminating the detonation in vertical brick gas ducts includes a horizontal pipe, a lower spray pipe, a gas commutation system, a decarbonization air commutation system, and a control system; The lower spray pipe is used to connect the horizontal pipe and the brick gas duct; the gas commutation system includes a gas main pipe, multiple gas branch pipes, gas commutation cocks installed on the gas branch pipes, and a gas commutation actuator. Each gas branch pipe is connected to the horizontal pipe; the gas commutation actuator is used to drive the valve stem of each gas commutation cock to rotate to open or close the gas commutation cock; the decarbonization air commutation system includes a decarbonization main pipe, decarbonization branch pipes corresponding to the gas branch pipes one by one, decarbonization commutation cocks arranged on each decarbonization branch pipe, and a decarbonization actuator. The decarbonization branch pipes are used to communicate with the gas commutation cocks; the decarbonization actuator is used to drive the valve stem of each decarbonization commutation cock to rotate to open or close the decarbonization commutation cock; The control system is connected to the gas exchange actuator and the decarbonization actuator for control. The control system controls the decarbonization actuator to close each decarbonization exchange cock within a set time interval before the gas change. The control system controls the gas exchange actuator to close each gas exchange cock during the gas change. The coke oven gas remaining in the horizontal pipe is sucked to the vertical flue through the micro-negative pressure of the lower injection pipe.

[0010] Further, a decarbonization fan is connected to the decarbonization main pipe, and a pressure relief valve is provided on the decarbonization main pipe. The control system controls the decarbonization fan to reduce to a set frequency within the set time interval before the gas change. After the decarbonization branch cock is closed, when the pressure in the decarbonization main pipe exceeds the set pressure, the pressure relief valve automatically opens to keep the pressure in the decarbonization main pipe within the set range.

[0011] Further, a decarbonization plus-minus cock is also provided on the decarbonization branch pipe, and a gas plus-minus cock is provided on the gas branch pipe.

[0012] Further, a decarbonization air inlet pipe is connected to the gas exchange cock, and the decarbonization branch pipe is connected to the decarbonization air inlet pipe through a corrugated pipe.

[0013] Further, the set time interval is 3 minutes, the set frequency is 5 Hz, and the pressure in the decarbonization main pipe is kept between 500 Pa and 1500 Pa.

[0014] Further, the gas exchange actuator includes a gas exchange system oil cylinder, a gas exchange pull rod, and a gas exchange counterweight. Two gas exchange pull rods are arranged in parallel at intervals. The output end of the gas exchange system oil cylinder is connected to the two gas exchange pull rods. Two first stop blocks are also arranged at intervals along the length direction of the two gas exchange pull rods. The valve rod of the gas exchange cock is located between the two first stop blocks and in the interval position between the two gas exchange pull rods. The gas exchange counterweight is connected to the two gas exchange pull rods through a first guiding mechanism.

[0015] Further, the decarbonization actuator includes a decarbonization system oil cylinder, a decarbonization system exchange pull rod, and a decarbonization system exchange counterweight. Two decarbonization system exchange pull rods are arranged in parallel at intervals. The output end of the decarbonization system oil cylinder is connected to the two decarbonization system exchange pull rods. Two second stop blocks are also arranged at intervals along the length direction of the two decarbonization system exchange pull rods. The valve rod of the decarbonization exchange cock is located between the two second stop blocks and in the interval position between the two decarbonization system exchange pull rods. The decarbonization system exchange counterweight is connected to the two decarbonization system exchange pull rods through a second guiding mechanism.

[0016] Further, both the first guiding mechanism and the second guiding mechanism include a counterweight sprocket and a counterweight chain engaged with the counterweight sprocket. The two ends of the counterweight chain are respectively connected to the corresponding exchange pull rod and the counterweight.

[0017] Furthermore, the sprocket wheels of the first guiding mechanism and the second guiding mechanism are installed on the same counterweight support platform; the decarburization system cylinder and the gas exchange system cylinder are installed on the same cylinder support platform.

[0018] The technical solution of a method for eliminating the detonation in the vertical brick gas channels of the present invention is as follows: A method for eliminating the detonation in the vertical brick gas channels includes: installing a decarburization exchange cock on each decarburization branch pipe in the decarburization system, and at the same time installing a decarburization actuator for controlling the opening and closing of each decarburization exchange cock, and incorporating the decarburization actuator into the PLC control system of the hydraulic station switchboard; Within a set time interval before the reversal of the coke oven gas heating system, the decarburization fan in the decarburization system is controlled by the PLC control system of the hydraulic station switchboard to be reduced to a set frequency, and the decarburization actuator is controlled to close each decarburization exchange cock. After the decarburization exchange cock is closed, the pressure of the decarburization main pipe in the decarburization system is controlled within a set safe range; When the coke oven gas heating system is reversed, each gas exchange cock is controlled to close by the PLC control system of the hydraulic station switchboard. Under the action of the micro-negative pressure suction of the lower injection pipe, the residual gas is safely led to each fire flue through the nozzle, the lower injection pipe, and the vertical brick gas channel; After the residual gas in the horizontal pipe is drained and static, the decarburization actuator is controlled by the PLC control system of the hydraulic station switchboard to drive each decarburization exchange cock to open and restore the frequency of the decarburization fan.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Within a set time interval before the reversal of the coke oven gas heating system of the present invention, the decarburization exchange cock is closed to cut off the air in advance. After no air enters the horizontal pipe, the oxygen concentration in the vertical brick gas channel decreases. After the oxygen concentration is lower than the gas explosion limit, the explosion conditions are fundamentally destroyed. In addition, after no air enters, when the coke oven gas heating system is reversed, the micro-negative pressure suction of the lower injection pipe is utilized to safely introduce the residual gas in the horizontal pipe into the fire flue without air mixing. After the same time interval of the reversal of the coke oven gas heating system, the residual gas is emptied, and the decarburization exchange cock is opened to restore the decarburization function. By setting an air cut-off period, the present invention can match the evacuation time of the residual gas in the horizontal pipe of the giant coke oven, ensuring that no air intervenes when the gas flows in the high-temperature area.

[0020] Compared with the traditional method, the present invention eliminates the "combustion-supporting agent" among the three elements of explosion through the method of "time control + path isolation", reducing the risk of residual gas retention to zero. The decarburization system does not stop working completely, but works normally during the non-reversal period (the decarburization exchange cock is fully open and the decarburization fan runs at a high frequency), which not only retains the anti-carbonization function but also cuts off the air during the critical reversal period, solving the design contradiction between "decarburization and explosion prevention".

[0021] The present invention eliminates the detonation phenomenon of the vertical brick gas ducts from the root, effectively protects the pipe bricks, extends the service life of the equipment, enhances the stability and safety of coke oven heating, and reduces the maintenance cost and production risk. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a coke oven system for eliminating the detonation of vertical brick gas ducts according to the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a coke oven system for eliminating the detonation of vertical brick gas ducts according to the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 is a simple schematic diagram of a gas exchange actuator in a coke oven system for eliminating the detonation of vertical brick gas ducts according to the present invention.

[0023] Description of the reference numerals in the drawings: 1, decarburization main pipe; 2, decarburization plus / minus cock; 3, decarburization exchange cock; 4, decarburization system hanger; 5, reinforcement buckle; 6, horizontal pipe; 7, decarburization branch pipe; 8, bellows; 9, gas main pipe; 10, gas plus / minus cock; 11, gas exchange cock; 12, gas branch pipe; 13, decarburization air inlet pipe; 14, switch hydraulic station; 15, hydraulic oil pipe of gas exchange system; 16, gas exchange system oil cylinder; 17, gas exchange pull rod; 18, oil cylinder support platform; 19, counterweight support platform; 20, hydraulic oil pipe of decarburization system; 21, decarburization system exchange pull rod; 22, decarburization system oil cylinder; 23, counterweight sprocket; 24, counterweight chain; 25, decarburization system exchange counterweight; 26, first stop block; 27, valve stem; 28, gas exchange counterweight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] An embodiment of the coke oven system for eliminating the detonation of vertical brick gas ducts provided by the present invention: As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the coke oven system for eliminating the detonation of vertical brick gas ducts includes: a horizontal pipe 6, a bottom injection pipe, a gas exchange system, a decarburization air exchange system, and a control system.

[0026] Among them, the bottom injection pipe is used to connect the horizontal pipe 6 and the brick gas ducts.

[0027] The control system includes a switch hydraulic station 14, which, in addition to providing the required hydraulic oil, also has a PLC control module built therein.

[0028] The gas exchange system includes a main gas pipe 9, multiple gas branch pipes 12, a gas exchange cock 11 installed on the gas branch pipe 12, a gas addition and subtraction cock 10 installed on the gas branch pipe 12, and a gas exchange actuator. One end of each gas branch pipe 12 is connected to the main gas pipe 9, and the other end is connected to a cross pipe 6 for introducing gas into the cross pipe 6; the gas addition and subtraction cock 10 is used to control the flow rate of the coke oven gas.

[0029] As Figure 3 shown, the gas exchange actuator includes a gas exchange system oil cylinder 16, a gas exchange pull rod 17, and a gas exchange counterweight. The gas exchange system oil cylinder 16 is connected to a switch hydraulic station 14 through a gas exchange system hydraulic oil pipe 15, and the gas exchange system oil cylinder 16 is fixed on an oil cylinder support platform 18. Two gas exchange pull rods 17 are arranged in parallel at intervals. The output end of the gas exchange system oil cylinder 16 is connected to the two gas exchange pull rods 17. Two first stop blocks 26 are also arranged at intervals along the length direction of the two gas exchange pull rods 17. The valve stem 27 of the gas exchange cock 11 is located between the two first stop blocks 26 and in the interval position between the two gas exchange pull rods 17. When the output end of the gas exchange system oil cylinder 16 extends, the first stop block 26 on one side pushes the valve stem 27 of the gas exchange cock 11 to rotate; conversely, when the output end of the gas exchange system oil cylinder 16 contracts, the first stop block 26 on the other side pushes the valve stem 27 of the gas exchange cock 11 to rotate in the reverse direction, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the gas exchange cock 11. The gas exchange counterweight 28 is connected to the two gas exchange pull rods 17 through a first guiding mechanism to improve the stability of the movement of the gas exchange pull rod 17.

[0030] As Figure 1 shown, the decarbonized air exchange system includes a main decarbonized air pipe 1, decarbonized air branch pipes 7 corresponding to the gas branch pipes 12 one by one, a decarbonized air exchange cock 3 arranged on each decarbonized air branch pipe 7, a decarbonized air addition and subtraction cock 2, decarbonized air introduction pipes 13 corresponding to the decarbonized air branch pipes 7 one by one, and a decarbonized air actuator.

[0031] The decarbonized air addition and subtraction cock 2 is used to control the flow rate of the decarbonized air. Each decarbonized air branch pipe 7 is connected to the main decarbonized air pipe 1. The decarbonized air branch pipe 7 is fixed on a decarbonized air system hanger 4 through a reinforcement buckle 5. One end of the decarbonized air branch pipe 7 is connected to the corresponding decarbonized air introduction pipe 13 through a corrugated pipe 8, and the decarbonized air introduction pipe 13 is connected to the decarbonized air hole at the gas exchange cock 11. The main decarbonized air pipe 1 is connected to a decarbonized air fan, and a pressure relief valve is arranged on the main decarbonized air pipe 1. Since the decarbonized air branch pipe 7 will have tremor displacement during operation, too large a displacement will affect the decarbonized air hole at the gas exchange cock 11, and the gas exchange cock 11 is a cast iron part, which will be broken by pulling. Using the corrugated pipe 8 is beneficial to offset the above tremor displacement and ensure stability.

[0032] The decarbonization actuator includes a decarbonization system oil cylinder 22, a decarbonization system exchange pull rod 21, and a decarbonization system exchange counterweight 25. The decarbonization system oil cylinder 22 is connected to the switch hydraulic station 14 through a decarbonization system hydraulic oil pipe 20, and the decarbonization system oil cylinder 22 is also fixed on the oil cylinder support platform 18. Two decarbonization system exchange pull rods 21 are arranged in parallel at intervals. The output end of the decarbonization system oil cylinder 22 is connected to the two decarbonization system exchange pull rods 21. Two second stop blocks are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the two decarbonization system exchange pull rods 21. The valve stem of the decarbonization exchange cock 3 is located between the two second stop blocks and is in the interval position between the two decarbonization system exchange pull rods 21. When the output end of the decarbonization system oil cylinder 22 extends, the second stop block on one side pushes the valve stem of the decarbonization exchange cock 3 to rotate; conversely, when the output end of the decarbonization system oil cylinder 22 contracts, the second stop block on the other side pushes the valve stem of the decarbonization exchange cock 3 to rotate in the reverse direction, so as to realize the opening and closing of the decarbonization exchange cock 3. The decarbonization system exchange counterweight 25 is connected to the two decarbonization system exchange pull rods 21 through a second guiding mechanism. The structure of the decarbonization actuator can refer to Figure 3 the structure of the medium gas exchange actuator.

[0033] In this embodiment, the structures of the first guiding mechanism and the second guiding mechanism are the same. As Figure 3 shown, both include a counterweight sprocket 23 and a counterweight chain 24 meshing with the counterweight sprocket 23. The counterweight sprockets 23 are all installed on the same counterweight support platform 19. The two ends of the counterweight chain 24 are respectively connected to the corresponding decarbonization system exchange pull rod 21 and the decarbonization system interaction counterweight, or the gas exchange pull rod 17 and the gas exchange counterweight.

[0034] The control system is connected to the gas exchange system oil cylinder 16 and the decarbonization system oil cylinder 22 for control.

[0035] The principle of eliminating the detonation in the coking system for eliminating the detonation in the vertical brick gas channels of the present invention is: Three minutes before the changeover in the coke oven gas heating system, the forced decarburization fan reduces its frequency to 5 Hz. The control system controls the opening of the decarburization system oil cylinder 22, and drives the decarburization exchange cocks 3 on each decarburization branch pipe 7 to close through the decarburization system exchange pull rod 21, ensuring that the air inlet is completely cut off. After no air enters the horizontal pipe 6, the oxygen concentration in the vertical brick gas channels decreases. After the oxygen concentration is lower than the gas explosion limit, the explosion conditions are fundamentally destroyed. After the decarburization exchange cock 3 is closed, the pressure of the decarburization main pipe 1 is maintained between 500 Pa and 1500 Pa. If it exceeds this value, it is discharged through the fine-tuning pressure relief valve switch. When the coke oven gas heating system changes over, the control system controls the opening of the gas exchange system oil cylinder 16, and drives each gas exchange cock 11 to close through the gas exchange pull rod 17. At this time, under the suction effect of the slightly negative pressure of -50 Pa to -80 Pa in the lower injection pipe, the gas remaining in the horizontal pipe 6 is safely discharged to each vertical flue through the nozzle, the lower injection pipe, and the vertical brick gas channels. Three minutes after the changeover of the coke oven gas heating system, the gas in the horizontal pipe 6 is completely dissipated, the decarburization exchange cock 3 on the decarburization branch pipe 7 is opened, the decarburization fan resumes its frequency, and the decarburization work resumes normal operation.

[0036] It should be noted that the time interval before the gas changeover, the frequency of the decarburization fan, the time interval after the gas changeover, and the pressure of the decarburization main pipe 1 can be determined according to the actual size of the equipment and the specific on-site conditions, and are not limited to the above values.

[0037] The realization of the slightly negative pressure suction is the combination of the coke oven thermal characteristics and the control system: utilizing the natural negative pressure formed by the exhaust of the waste gas in the regenerator during the changeover, cutting off the air intervention by closing the decarburization exchange cock 3, making the lower injection pipe a safe diversion channel for pure gas, and finally completing the discharge of the remaining gas without explosion risk. This design does not require additional power equipment, and only through the sequential control and the principle of fluid dynamics, it realizes the efficient and safe elimination effect of detonation.

[0038] The present invention eliminates the "combustion-supporting agent" among the three elements of explosion, reduces the risk of remaining gas retention to zero, fundamentally eliminates the detonation phenomenon in the vertical brick gas channels, effectively protects the pipe bricks, extends the service life of the equipment, enhances the stability and safety of coke oven heating, and reduces the maintenance cost and production risk.

[0039] Specific embodiments of the method for eliminating detonation in the vertical brick gas channels of the present invention: The method for eliminating detonation in the vertical brick gas channels includes: Install a decarburization exchange cock on each decarburization branch pipe in the decarburization system, and at the same time install a decarburization actuator for controlling the opening and closing of each decarburization exchange cock, and incorporate the decarburization actuator into the hydraulic station switchboard PLC control system; Within the set time interval before the changeover in the coke oven gas heating system, the decarburization fan in the decarburization system is controlled by the hydraulic station exchanger PLC control system to reduce to the set frequency, and the decarburization actuator is controlled to close each decarburization exchange plug. After the decarburization exchange plug is closed, the decarburization main pipe pressure in the decarburization system is controlled within the set safety range; When the coke oven gas heating system changes over, each gas exchange plug is controlled by the hydraulic station exchanger PLC control system to close. Under the action of the slight negative pressure suction of the lower injection pipe, the residual gas is safely led to each vertical flue through the nozzle, the lower injection pipe, and the vertical brick gas flue; After the gas in the horizontal pipe is drained and static, the decarburization actuator is controlled by the hydraulic station exchanger PLC control system to drive each decarburization exchange plug to open and restore the frequency of the decarburization fan.

[0040] The implementation process of the method for eliminating the detonation in the vertical brick gas flue of the present invention is realized by means of the above-mentioned coking system for eliminating the detonation in the vertical brick gas flue. Parameters such as the set time interval, the set frequency, and the decarburization main pipe pressure in the method can refer to the relevant descriptions in the above-mentioned coking system for eliminating the detonation in the vertical brick gas flue, and will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0041] In the description of this specification, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three or more, etc., unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.

[0042] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coking system for eliminating explosion in vertical brick gas duct, characterized in that: It includes horizontal pipes, downspouts, gas exchange system, carbon removal air exchange system and control system; The lower nozzle is used to connect the horizontal pipe and the brick gas channel; The gas exchange system includes a gas main pipe, multiple gas branch pipes, gas exchange cocks installed on the gas branch pipes, and a gas exchange actuator, each gas branch pipe is connected to the horizontal pipe; the gas exchange actuator is used to drive the valve stem of each gas exchange cock to rotate to open or close the gas exchange cock; The decarbonization air exchange system includes a decarbonization main pipe, decarbonization branch pipes corresponding to the coal gas branch pipes, a decarbonization exchange cock arranged on each decarbonization branch pipe, and a decarbonization actuator. The decarbonization branch pipe is used to communicate with the coal gas exchange cock; the decarbonization actuator is used to drive the valve stem of each decarbonization exchange cock to rotate so as to open or close the decarbonization exchange cock; The control system is connected to the gas exchange actuator and the carbon removal actuator. The control system controls the carbon removal actuator to close each carbon removal exchange valve within a set time interval before the gas is switched. The control system controls the gas exchange actuator to close each gas exchange valve when the gas is switched. The coke oven gas remaining in the horizontal pipe is sucked into the vertical fire channel through the slight negative pressure of the lower nozzle.

2. A coking system for eliminating explosion in a vertical brick gas channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decarbonization main pipe is connected to a decarbonization fan, and a pressure relief valve is arranged on the decarbonization main pipe; the control system controls the decarbonization fan to reduce to a set frequency within a set time interval before the gas is switched, and after the decarbonization branch pipe cock is closed, when the pressure in the decarbonization main pipe exceeds the set pressure, the pressure relief valve automatically opens to keep the pressure in the decarbonization main pipe within the set range.

3. A coking system for eliminating explosion in a vertical brick gas channel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The decarbonization branch pipe is also provided with a decarbonization adding and subtracting cock, and the gas branch pipe is provided with a gas adding and subtracting cock.

4. A coking system for eliminating explosion in a vertical brick gas channel according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The coal gas exchange cock is connected with a decarbonization air inlet pipe, and the decarbonization branch pipe is connected with the decarbonization air inlet pipe through a bellows.

5. A coking system for eliminating explosion in a vertical brick coal gas channel according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The set time interval is 3 minutes, the set frequency is 5 Hz, and the pressure in the carbon removal main pipe is maintained between 500 Pa and 1500 Pa.

6. A coking system for eliminating explosion in a vertical brick gas channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas exchange actuator includes a gas exchange system cylinder, a gas exchange rod and a gas exchange counterweight. Two gas exchange rods are arranged in parallel and at intervals. The output end of the gas exchange system cylinder is connected to the two gas exchange rods. The two gas exchange rods are also provided with two first stop blocks arranged at intervals along their length direction. The valve stem of the gas exchange valve is located between the two first stop blocks and in the interval position between the two gas exchange rods; the gas exchange counterweight is connected to the two gas exchange rods through a first guide mechanism.

7. A coking system for eliminating explosion in a vertical brick gas channel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The carbon removal actuator includes a carbon removal system cylinder, a carbon removal system exchange rod and a carbon removal system exchange counterweight; two carbon removal system exchange rods are arranged in parallel and at intervals, the output end of the carbon removal system cylinder is connected to the two carbon removal system exchange rods, the two carbon removal system exchange rods are also provided with two second stop blocks arranged at intervals along their length direction, the valve stem of the carbon removal exchange plug is located between the two second stop blocks and in the interval position between the two carbon removal system exchange rods; the carbon removal system exchange counterweight is connected to the two carbon removal system exchange rods through a second guide mechanism.

8. A coking system for eliminating explosion in a vertical brick gas channel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first guide mechanism and the second guide mechanism both include a counterweight sprocket and a counterweight chain meshed with the counterweight sprocket, and two ends of the counterweight chain are respectively connected to the corresponding exchange rod and the counterweight.

9. A coking system for eliminating explosion in a vertical brick gas channel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The configuration sprockets of the first guide mechanism and the second guide mechanism are installed on the same counterweight support platform; the oil cylinder of the carbon removal system and the oil cylinder of the gas exchange system are installed on the same oil cylinder support platform.

10. A method for eliminating explosion in a vertical brick gas duct, characterized in that: include: Install a decarbonization exchange cock on each decarbonization branch pipe in the decarbonization system, and install a decarbonization actuator to control the opening and closing of each decarbonization exchange cock, and incorporate the decarbonization actuator into the PLC control system of the hydraulic station switch; In the set time interval before the coke oven gas heating system is switched, the decarbonization fan in the decarbonization system is controlled to reduce to the set frequency through the hydraulic station switch PLC control system, and the decarbonization actuator is controlled to close each decarbonization exchange cock. After the decarbonization exchange cock is closed, the decarbonization main pipe pressure in the decarbonization system is controlled to be within the set safety range; When the coke oven gas heating system is switched, the PLC control system of the hydraulic station switch controls the gas exchange cocks to close. Under the micro-negative pressure suction of the lower nozzle, the residual gas is safely discharged to each vertical fire channel through the nozzle, the lower nozzle, and the vertical brick gas channel; After the gas in the horizontal pipe is drained, the decarbonization actuator is controlled by the PLC control system of the hydraulic station switch to drive each decarbonization exchange valve to open and restore the decarbonization fan frequency.

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