Multi-dimensional controllable modular test device and method for earthquake response of cross-fault tunnels

Abstract

The present invention discloses a modular test device and method for a multi-dimensionally controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response, comprising: a modular box model, the modular box model comprising an upper plate box and a lower plate box, the upper plate box being mounted on a vibration table, and the lower plate box being mounted on a linear slide; a fault inclination adjustment system, the fault inclination adjustment system comprising two groups, the two groups of fault inclination adjustment systems being symmetrically arranged between the upper plate box and the lower plate box; a positioning module, the positioning module comprising two groups, the two groups of positioning modules being detachable from the upper plate box and the lower plate box, respectively; a tunnel model, the two ends of the tunnel model being mounted on the two groups of positioning modules, respectively; a monitoring system, the monitoring system being disposed within the tunnel model; and a terminal system, the terminal system being connected to the monitoring system. The present invention studies the evolution of failure modes of tunnel linings of different cross-sectional forms by changing the fault geometry, thereby providing a basis for the seismic optimization design of cross-fault tunnel lining structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic resistance and error reduction of underground structures in civil engineering, and in particular to a modular test device and method for earthquake response of a multi-dimensionally controllable cross-fault tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Western my country lies at the collision frontier between the Eurasian and Indian plates, home to 26 major active fault zones, including the Longmenshan and Xianshuihe fault zones. Tunnel projects are often exposed to the coupling effects of high-intensity earthquake motion, active fault movement, and complex terrain. This leads to increased risks of large deformations of the surrounding rock and lining fractures, posing significant risks and challenges to tunnel construction. Therefore, research on the structural dynamic response of tunnels crossing active faults under earthquakes is of great theoretical and engineering significance.

[0003] At present, there are significant deficiencies in the experimental research on the response of tunnels under fault movement. Most existing devices use fixed-angle slip surfaces or single-directional power input, and cannot dynamically adjust the spatial angle between the fault and the tunnel axis; the flexibility of inclination adjustment is limited, and most devices can only adjust the inclination in stages through preset modules, making it difficult to achieve continuous inclination changes in complex movements in three-dimensional space; the cross-sectional adaptability is single, and the model boxes mostly use standard cross-sections and lack replaceable molds, which cannot adapt to complex geometric shapes such as horseshoes and ellipses and different burial depth geological conditions; therefore, the development of an earthquake simulation test device for tunnels crossing faults with controllable angles, adjustable inclinations, variable cross-sections and multi-field measurability is of great significance for studying the dynamic response mechanism of tunnels under the coupling of fault movement and earthquakes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular test device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular test device, comprising:

[0006] A modular box model, comprising an upper box and a lower box, wherein the upper box is mounted on a vibration table and the lower box is mounted on a linear slide, and both the upper box and the lower box are arc-shaped structures;

[0007] A fault dip adjustment system is provided with two groups, the two groups of the fault dip adjustment systems are symmetrically arranged between the upper plate box and the lower plate box, and the upper plate box and the lower plate box are respectively detachably connected to the fault dip adjustment system through a connecting assembly, and the upper plate box, the lower plate box, and the two groups of the fault dip adjustment systems together form a bathtub-like structure;

[0008] Positioning modules, wherein two groups of positioning modules are provided, and the two groups of positioning modules are detachable from the upper plate box and the lower plate box respectively;

[0009] A tunnel model, with both ends of the tunnel model respectively mounted on two sets of positioning modules;

[0010] A monitoring system, the monitoring system being arranged in the tunnel model and being used to monitor the deformation of the tunnel model;

[0011] A terminal system is connected to the monitoring system.

[0012] According to the multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular test device provided by the present invention, the upper wall box includes:

[0013] A bottom steel plate I, wherein the bottom steel plate I is fixed on a vibration table;

[0014] Side panels I, wherein two groups of side panels I are provided, and the two groups of side panels I are symmetrically and vertically fixed on the bottom steel plate I, and the two side panels I are arranged in parallel;

[0015] Arc-shaped steel plate I; the arc-shaped steel plate I is provided in two groups, the two groups of the arc-shaped steel plates I are arranged in parallel up and down, a gap is provided between the two groups of the arc-shaped steel plates I, the two groups of the arc-shaped steel plates I are both located between the side plates I, and the arc-shaped steel plates I are welded and fixed to the side plates I;

[0016] The arc-shaped concave steel plate I is provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of the arc-shaped concave steel plates I are arranged at equal intervals between two of the arc-shaped steel plates I.

[0017] According to the multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular test device provided by the present invention, the footwall box includes:

[0018] Bottom steel plate II, wherein the bottom steel plate II is fixed on the linear slide;

[0019] Side panels II, wherein two groups of side panels II are provided, and the two groups of side panels II are symmetrically and vertically fixed on the bottom steel plate II, and the side panels II are respectively arranged parallel to the side panels I;

[0020] Arc-shaped steel plate II; the arc-shaped steel plate II is provided with two groups, the two groups of the arc-shaped steel plates I are arranged in parallel up and down, a gap is provided between the two groups of the arc-shaped steel plates II, the two groups of the arc-shaped steel plates II are both located between the side plates II, and the arc-shaped steel plates II are welded and fixed to the side plates II;

[0021] The arc-shaped inwardly concave steel plate II is provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of the arc-shaped inwardly concave steel plates II are arranged at equal intervals between two of the arc-shaped steel plates II.

[0022] According to the multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular test device provided by the present invention, the fault dip adjustment system includes:

[0023] A first angle module, the first angle module includes two symmetrically arranged first trapezoidal plates, a first transverse plate is provided between the two first trapezoidal plates, and the first transverse plate is connected to the bottom steel plate I or the bottom steel plate II through a fixing assembly;

[0024] A second angle module, the second angle module includes two groups of second trapezoidal plates, the two groups of second trapezoidal plates are arranged correspondingly, a second transverse plate is fixed between the two groups of second trapezoidal plates, and the second transverse plate is connected to the bottom steel plate I or the bottom steel plate II through a fixing assembly;

[0025] Wherein, the first trapezoidal plate is connected to the side plate I and the second trapezoidal plate through the connecting assembly, and the second trapezoidal plate is connected to the side plate II through the connecting assembly;

[0026] The fixing assembly includes a concave steel plate, a cover plate, and fixing bolts. The fixing bolts are located in the concave steel plate and pass through the bottom of the concave steel plate to connect with the bottom steel plate I or the bottom steel plate II. The cover plate is installed on the concave steel plate for retaining soil.

[0027] According to the multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular test device provided by the present invention, the connection component includes:

[0028] Mounting plate;

[0029] Pads, wherein two groups of pads are provided, the two groups of pads are symmetrically fixed on the mounting plate, and the pads are provided with sliding grooves;

[0030] Wherein, connecting plates are respectively installed on the side plate I, the side plate II, the first trapezoidal plate and the second trapezoidal plate, and the connecting plates are detachably connected to the pads via high-strength bolts.

[0031] According to the multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular test device provided by the present invention, the positioning module includes:

[0032] A support plate, wherein a through hole is formed on the support plate, and the shape of the support plate matches the shape of the arc-shaped concave steel plate I and the arc-shaped concave steel plate II;

[0033] a steel pipe, the steel pipe being fixedly connected in the through hole;

[0034] Hydraulic telescopic arms, wherein the hydraulic telescopic arms are provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of hydraulic telescopic arms are arranged on the steel pipe at equal intervals in the circumferential direction;

[0035] The rubber blocks are provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of rubber blocks are respectively fixed on the ends of the hydraulic telescopic arms.

[0036] According to the multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular testing device provided by the present invention, the monitoring system includes:

[0037] A circumferential camera is arranged in the tunnel model.

[0038] According to the multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular test device provided by the present invention, the arc-shaped concave steel plate I and the arc-shaped concave steel plate II are respectively connected by bolts, and retaining covers are respectively provided in the grooves of the arc-shaped concave steel plate I and the arc-shaped concave steel plate II, and the bolts are located between the retaining covers and the grooves of the arc-shaped concave steel plate II.

[0039] A modular test method for the seismic response of a multi-dimensionally controllable cross-fault tunnel includes the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Fix the upper plate box on the vibration table, install the lower plate box on the linear slide, and install the fault inclination adjustment system between the upper plate box and the lower plate box;

[0041] Step 2: Adjust the position of the positioning module according to the horizontal angle requirements of the tunnel model;

[0042] Step 3: Pass the tunnel model through the positioning module, keeping the axis of the tunnel model parallel to the bottom surfaces of the upper and lower cabinets;

[0043] Step 4: Determine the material ratio of the fill soil using the similarity criterion. Adopt a layer-by-layer filling and compaction method, and control the weight of each mixed soil layer to ensure that the surrounding rock and soil of the tunnel model are close to the actual situation in the field. Simultaneously, pressure sensors are installed on the outer surface of the lining according to the experimental design.

[0044] Step 5: Determine the acceleration and displacement measurement points, arrange the test equipment in the tunnel model, and deploy a monitoring system at both ends of the tunnel and at the internal fault locations. Turn on the vibration table to start the experiment, and record the dynamic response characteristics and damage conditions of the tunnel structure under earthquake in real time to achieve multi-field measurement of the structural response.

[0045] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0046] 1) The hanging wall box is subjected to horizontal and vertical seismic wave loading using a shaking table, while the footwall box is simulated by a linear sliding table. The combination of the two enables accurate reconstruction of the three-dimensional spatial relationship between the tunnel and the fault.

[0047] 2) Two sets of symmetrically arranged inclination adjustment mechanisms allow the fault inclination to be continuously adjusted within a certain range. Combined with the bathtub-shaped enclosure structure, it can simulate various geological modes such as normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults.

[0048] 3) By changing the fault geometry, the evolution of failure modes of linings in different tunnel sections is studied, providing a basis for the seismic optimization design of cross-fault tunnel lining structures.

[0049] 4) Reveal the earthquake damage mechanism of cross-fault tunnels and improve the seismic design theory.

[0050] 5) Provide a basis for optimizing tunnel seismic parameters under different geological conditions to reduce disaster risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a modular test device for earthquake response of a multi-dimensionally controllable cross-fault tunnel according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the connection assembly of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the positioning assembly of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the arc-shaped concave steel plate I of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fixing component of the present invention.

[0057] Among them, 1. Tunnel model; 2. Bottom steel plate I; 3. Side plate I; 4. Arc steel plate I; 5. Arc-shaped concave steel plate I; 6. Bottom steel plate II; 7. Side plate II; 8. Arc steel plate II; 9. Arc-shaped concave steel plate II; 10. First trapezoidal plate; 11. Second trapezoidal plate; 12. Mounting plate; 13. Pad; 14. Slide; 15. High-strength bolts; 16. Support plate; 17. Steel pipe; 18. Hydraulic telescopic arm; 19. Rubber block; 20. Retaining cover; 21. Outer shell; 22. Cover plate; 23. Fixing bolts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0060] Reference Figures 1-4 The present invention proposes a test device comprising a modular box model, a fault inclination adjustment system, a positioning module, a tunnel model 1, a monitoring system, and a terminal system. The modular box model consists of an upper box of a vibration table and a lower box of a linear slide, both of which are arc-shaped structures and connected by a symmetrically arranged inclination adjustment system. The positioning module can be removably mounted on the box and fixes the tunnel model 1. The monitoring system collects tunnel deformation data in real time, and the terminal system processes and analyzes the data.

[0061] The modular box model utilizes a split, curved structure. The upper box is fixed to a shaking table to simulate earthquake excitation, while the lower box is driven by a linear slide to achieve fault displacement. The curvature radius of the curved structure can be selected based on experimental requirements, and it can be constructed using curved steel plates.

[0062] The fault tilt adjustment system consists of two symmetrically arranged trapezoidal plate assemblies. Adjusting the angle of the trapezoidal plates changes the angle between the fault's slip plane and the horizontal plane. The connecting assemblies are connected using high-strength bolts 15 with chute 14.

[0063] The positioning module includes a hydraulic telescopic arm 18 adjustment mechanism, which fixes the axis position of the tunnel model 1 through circumferentially arranged rubber blocks 19. The hydraulic cylinder stroke is adjustable to meet the installation requirements of tunnel models 1 with different diameters.

[0064] The monitoring system uses a circular camera network, with 8-12 high-definition cameras deployed inside Tunnel Model 1 to capture the dynamic deformation of the tunnel structure during earthquakes. The terminal system integrates image recognition algorithms to achieve real-time monitoring of millimeter-level displacement.

[0065] Specifically, when the test device is operating, the shaking table generates seismic waves to excite the upper wall box, while the linear slide drives the lower wall box to produce horizontal displacement. Two tilt adjustment systems adjust the installation angles of the trapezoidal plates to create fault sliding surfaces with different inclinations. Tunnel model 1 is fixed within the modular box model using a positioning module, forming a specific spatial angle with the fault zone. A circumferential camera array captures the development of cracks in the tunnel lining. The data is processed by the terminal system to generate a 3D deformation cloud map.

[0066] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention achieves dynamic adjustment of the angle between the fault dip and the tunnel axis in three-dimensional space, resolving the inability of traditional devices to simulate complex motion. The modular box structure can adapt to tunnel models with different cross-sectional shapes. The layered compaction process ensures that the surrounding rock and soil parameters are consistent with on-site working conditions. The multi-channel monitoring system accurately captures the structural response characteristics under the coupled effects of seismic waves and fault motion, providing reliable test data for tunnel seismic design.

[0067] The present invention further proposes a multi-dimensionally controllable modular test device for seismic response of a cross-fault tunnel, comprising a modular box model, the modular box model including an upper plate box, the upper plate box including a bottom steel plate I2, and the bottom steel plate I2 being fixed on a vibration table; two groups of side plates I3 are provided, the two groups of side plates I3 are symmetrically and vertically fixed on the bottom steel plate I2, and the two side plates I3 are arranged in parallel; two groups of arc-shaped steel plates I4 are provided, the two groups of arc-shaped steel plates I4 are arranged in parallel up and down, a gap is provided between the two groups of arc-shaped steel plates I4, the two groups of arc-shaped steel plates I4 are both located between the side plates I3, and the arc-shaped steel plate I4 is fixedly connected to one end of the side plate I3; a plurality of groups of arc-shaped concave steel plates I5 are provided, and the plurality of groups of arc-shaped concave steel plates I5 are arranged at equal intervals between the two arc-shaped steel plates I4.

[0068] Bottom steel plate I2 is the base supporting the entire structure of the upper plate. It can be constructed from welded steel plates and fixed to the vibration table via high-strength bolts 15 to ensure stable power transmission. Side plate I3 is a support component perpendicular to bottom steel plate I2. It can be a vertically welded rectangular steel plate. It is used to limit lateral displacement of the fill and maintain the stability of the box structure. Curved steel plate I4 is the component that forms the curved outer contour of the upper plate. It can be composed of parallel curved steel plates arranged vertically. The radius of curvature can be adjusted according to test requirements, with a gap between the two curved steel plates to create installation space. Curved concave steel plate I5 is a curved plate with a concave structure. It can be composed of modular steel plates with equal spacing. The groove shape matches the profile of the retaining cap 20. It is connected to curved steel plate I4 via bolts and is used to secure the positioning module and simulate the contact surface with the surrounding rock.

[0069] Specifically, the upper wall box is rigidly connected to the shaking table via bottom steel plate I2. Side plates I3 are vertically fixed to the sides of bottom steel plate I2 to provide lateral constraints. Two sets of curved steel plates I4 are located at the top and bottom of side plates I3, welded or bolted together to form a curved outer frame. Curved concave steel plates I5 are evenly spaced between the upper and lower curved steel plates I4. Their recesses accommodate positioning modules to secure tunnel model 1. When filling the soil, the side plates, curved steel plates, angle modules, and positioning modules should form an upward-opening model box to prevent lateral soil loss and changes in surrounding rock stress.

[0070] With this setup, traditional model boxes often use fixed cross-sections and lack modular design. The side panels and curved structure are integrally formed, making it impossible to adjust the installation angle of the tunnel model 1 or replace it with a different cross-section. This solution utilizes a removable curved concave steel plate Ⅰ5 and modularly arranged side panels Ⅰ3 and curved steel plates Ⅰ4 to achieve rapid adjustment and expansion of the box structure, adapting to the needs of tunnel tests at varying depths and geometries. While existing technologies are prone to lateral deformation when filling soil, the enclosed structure formed by the side panels Ⅰ3 and curved steel plates Ⅰ4 in this solution effectively limits soil displacement, ensuring the accuracy of test data.

[0071] Through the above technical solution, the present invention can flexibly adjust the spatial angle between the tunnel model 1 and the fault zone to realize the simulation of seismic response under different inclination conditions; the closed structure formed by the side plate I3 and the arc-shaped steel plate I4 enhances the rigidity of the box, avoids the influence of lateral deformation of the soil on the test results, and thus more realistically reflects the dynamic response characteristics of the tunnel structure under the coupling of earthquake and fault dislocation.

[0072] The present invention further proposes that the lower plate box includes a bottom steel plate Ⅱ6, which is fixed on a linear slide; a side plate Ⅱ7, which is provided with two groups of side plates Ⅱ7, which are symmetrically and vertically fixed on the bottom steel plate Ⅱ6, and the side plates Ⅱ7 are respectively arranged in parallel with the side plates Ⅰ3; an arc-shaped steel plate Ⅱ8; the arc-shaped steel plate Ⅱ8 is provided with two groups, and the two groups of arc-shaped steel plates Ⅱ8 are arranged in parallel up and down, and a gap is provided between the two groups of arc-shaped steel plates Ⅱ8, and the two groups of arc-shaped steel plates Ⅱ8 are both located between the side plates Ⅱ7, and the arc-shaped steel plate Ⅱ8 is fixedly connected to one end of the side plate Ⅱ7; an arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅱ9, which is provided with several groups of arc-shaped concave steel plates Ⅱ9, and the several groups of arc-shaped concave steel plates Ⅱ9 are arranged at equal intervals between the two arc-shaped steel plates Ⅱ8.

[0073] Among them, the bottom steel plate Ⅱ6 refers to the flat plate member that supports the main structure of the lower plate box. Specifically, it can be formed by welding Q235 steel. Its bottom is rigidly connected to the linear slide by bolts, providing a stable bearing foundation for the lower plate box. The side plate Ⅱ7 refers to the vertical plate member fixed vertically on both sides of the bottom steel plate Ⅱ6. Specifically, it can be made of rectangular steel plates formed by welding to form a symmetrical support structure to ensure the structural stability of the lower plate box during the sliding process. The arc-shaped steel plate Ⅱ8 refers to the curved steel plate connected to the end of the side plate Ⅱ7. Specifically, two groups of arc-shaped steel plates can be arranged in parallel above and below to form a support frame for fixing the arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅱ9. The arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅱ9 refers to an arc-shaped steel plate with grooves on the surface. Specifically, it can be a steel plate molded with grooves. It is installed between the two arc-shaped steel plates Ⅱ8 at equal intervals by bolts to form a replaceable modular groove structure.

[0074] Specifically, the footwall box achieves horizontal displacement control through a rigid connection between bottom steel plate II 6 and a linear slide. A symmetrical support frame formed by side plates II 7 and curved steel plates II 8 provides torsional rigidity. When simulating fault motion, the linear slide drives the footwall box along a preset trajectory. The curved concave steel plates II 9 and the corresponding curved concave steel plates I 5 of the hanging wall box work together to form a continuously changing contact surface with the surrounding rock.

[0075] The present invention further proposes a multi-dimensional, controllable, modular test device for cross-fault tunnel seismic response, including a fault inclination adjustment system. The fault inclination adjustment system comprises a first angle module and a second angle module. The first angle module comprises two symmetrically arranged first trapezoidal plates 10, with a first transverse plate disposed between them. The first transverse plate is connected to the bottom steel plate I2 or bottom steel plate II6 via a fixing assembly. The second angle module comprises two sets of corresponding second trapezoidal plates 11, with a second transverse plate fixed between them. The second transverse plate is connected to the bottom steel plate I2 or bottom steel plate II6 via a fixing assembly. The first trapezoidal plate 10 is connected to the side plate I3 and the second trapezoidal plate 11 through a connecting assembly, and the second trapezoidal plate 11 is connected to the side plate II7 through a connecting assembly. The fixing assembly includes a concave steel plate, a cover plate 22, and a fixing bolt 23. The fixing bolt 23 is located in the concave steel plate and passes through the bottom of the concave steel plate to be connected to the bottom steel plate I2 or the bottom steel plate II6. The cover plate 22 is installed on the concave steel plate for retaining soil.

[0076] Among them, the first trapezoidal plate 10 refers to a support plate body with a trapezoidal profile, which can be specifically realized by cutting and forming steel plates and welding reinforcing ribs, and is used to construct a basic framework for fault inclination adjustment. The second trapezoidal plate 11 refers to a supporting structure symmetrically arranged with the first trapezoidal plate 10, which can be specifically realized by prefabricating templates with different inclination angles, and is used to expand the inclination adjustment range. The first horizontal plate refers to a horizontal fixing plate connecting the two first trapezoidal plates 10, which can be specifically realized by anchoring with bolts and the bottom steel plate, and is used to enhance structural stability. The second horizontal plate refers to a horizontal connecting plate connecting the two second trapezoidal plates 11, which can be designed as a detachable snap-on structure, which is convenient for use with boxes of different sizes. The connecting component refers to an interface structure for modular assembly, which includes a mounting plate 12 with a slide groove 14 and high-strength bolts 15, to achieve quick disassembly and assembly between the side panel and the trapezoidal plate.

[0077] Specifically, the first angle module forms a stable support structure through the symmetrical arrangement of two first trapezoidal plates 10. The cross plate, when secured to the bottom steel plate, defines the initial adjustment range of the fault dip angle. The second angle module's second trapezoidal plate 11 can be adjusted relative to the first trapezoidal plate 10 by adjusting its connection position with the side plates, moving along the slide groove 14, and then locking. When the two angle modules are used together, a variety of fault dip angles can be achieved by adjusting the connection position.

[0078] With this setup, conventional devices only use a single slip surface or phased replacement of prefabricated modules to adjust the inclination, making it impossible to achieve continuous adjustment of compound inclination angles in three dimensions. However, this solution, through the combination of trapezoidal plates with two sets of angle modules, allows for multi-dimensional dynamic adjustment of the fault inclination. By adjusting the inclination direction and angle of the two sets of trapezoidal plates, it is possible to simulate compound motion modes such as strike-slip, thrust, or oblique dislocation of the fault. Furthermore, the fixed assembly of the cross plate and the bottom steel plate enhances the structural rigidity during the inclination adjustment process, preventing inclination deviation caused by vibration during the test.

[0079] Through the above technical solution, the present invention solves the problem of insufficient flexibility in inclination adjustment of existing test equipment, can realize continuous dynamic adjustment of the fault inclination in three-dimensional space, meet the simulation requirements of the spatial angle between the fault and the tunnel axis under the action of different seismic waves, and provide precise and controllable test conditions for studying the influence of complex inclination dislocation on tunnel structure.

[0080] The present invention further proposes that the connecting assembly includes a mounting plate 12, two groups of pads 13 are provided, the two groups of pads 13 are symmetrically fixed on the mounting plate 12, a slide groove 14 is provided on the pads 13, and connecting plates are respectively installed on the side plate I3, the side plate II7, the first trapezoidal plate 10 and the second trapezoidal plate 11, and the connecting plates and the pads 13 are detachably connected by high-strength bolts 15.

[0081] Among them, the mounting plate 12 refers to the basic supporting structure serving as the connecting component, which can be specifically implemented by a steel plate or an aluminum alloy plate, and is used to support the docking of the pad 13 and the connecting plate. The pad 13 refers to an auxiliary positioning component symmetrically fixed on both sides of the mounting plate 12, and its slide groove 14 is designed as a trough body with a long strip of through holes, allowing the connecting plate to move along the slide groove 14 to adjust the installation position. The connecting plate refers to a docking component fixed to the side panels and the edges of the trapezoidal plates of the box body, which can be fixed to the corresponding structure by welding or bolts to ensure the overall connection stiffness. The high-strength bolt 15 refers to a fastener with a tensile strength grade of 8.8 or above, a hexagonal head bolt with a diameter of 12-16 mm, which is used to achieve detachable fixation between the pad 13 and the connecting plate.

[0082] Specifically, when adjusting the fault angle or replacing the modular housing, the operator first loosens the high-strength bolts 15, allowing the connecting plate to slide along the chute 14 of the backing plate 13 to the target position. When adjusting the fault angle, the connecting plate of the first trapezoidal plate 10 and the side plate I3 can be synchronously locked via the chute 14 to complete the positioning of the fault angle. Once positioned, the connecting plate and the backing plate 13 are locked by tightening the bolts, forming a rigid connection. This connection method improves the efficiency of assembly and disassembly of the housing, the fault angle adjustment system, and other modules.

[0083] With this setup, conventional test equipment often uses welded connections or single bolt holes, making position adjustment impossible and time-consuming. However, this solution, through the coordination of the slideway 14 and the bolts, allows the same set of connection components to accommodate a variety of inclination angles and displacements, while also avoiding thread damage caused by repeated assembly and disassembly.

[0084] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention solves the technical problems of non-adjustable module connections and low assembly and disassembly efficiency in the test device, achieving rapid positioning and reliable fixation of the fault inclination adjustment system and the box structure. The design of the chute 14 allows the connection plate to be dynamically adjusted during the test. Combined with the high-strength bolts 15, it ensures connection rigidity and seismic performance, effectively supporting the continuous simulation requirements of complex motion in three-dimensional space. The length of the chute 14 is the maximum displacement.

[0085] The present invention further proposes a positioning module, including a support plate 16, a steel pipe 17, a hydraulic telescopic arm 18 and a rubber block 19; a through hole is opened on the support plate 16, and the shape of the support plate 16 matches the shape of the arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅰ5 and the arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅱ9; the steel pipe 17 is fixedly connected in the through hole; the hydraulic telescopic arm 18 is provided in several groups, and the several groups of hydraulic telescopic arms 18 are arranged on the steel pipe 17 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction; the rubber blocks 19 are provided in several groups, and the several rubber blocks 19 are respectively fixed at the ends of the hydraulic telescopic arm 18.

[0086] Among them, the support plate 16 refers to a supporting component with a through hole, which can be realized by using an arc-shaped plate that matches the shape of the arc-shaped concave steel plate. The through hole is used to fix the steel pipe 17 and ensure that the axis of the tunnel model 1 is parallel to the bottom surface of the box. The steel pipe 17 refers to a rigid tubular structure that passes through the through hole of the support plate 16. It can be formed by processing metal materials to provide a channel for the tunnel model 1 to pass through and maintain the stability of the axis. The hydraulic telescopic arm 18 refers to a power actuator with adjustable length. It can be realized by using hydraulically driven telescopic rods that are arranged at equal intervals around the periphery of the steel pipe 17, and a radial clamping force is applied to the tunnel model 1 by adjusting the telescopic length. The rubber block 19 refers to an elastic buffer component. It can be realized by using a highly elastic rubber material fixed to the end of the hydraulic telescopic arm 18 to flexibly contact the surface of the tunnel model 1 to prevent damage caused by stress concentration.

[0087] Specifically, the support plate 16 fits tightly with the arc-shaped concave steel plate inside the box through its arc-shaped contour, ensuring the installation stability of the positioning module on the box. The steel pipe 17 passes through the through-hole of the support plate 16 and is rigidly fixed to the inner wall of the through-hole, forming a guide channel for the tunnel model 1 to pass through. The hydraulic telescopic arms 18 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the steel pipe 17, and the extension length of each telescopic arm is independently adjusted by hydraulic drive, thereby applying clamping forces in different directions to the tunnel model 1 passing through the steel pipe 17. The rubber block 19 covers the end of the hydraulic telescopic arm 18, and absorbs mechanical shock through elastic deformation during the clamping process, avoiding scratches on the model surface caused by rigid contact. This structure can adapt to tunnel models 1 of different diameters and cross-sectional shapes through the multi-directional independent adjustment capability of the hydraulic telescopic arm 18, while maintaining the parallel relationship between the axis and the bottom surface of the box.

[0088] Conventional positioning devices, often using rigid fixtures with fixed apertures, are unable to accommodate tunnel models of varying sizes and cross-sections. Furthermore, the lack of a flexible buffer structure can easily damage the model. This solution utilizes circumferentially distributed hydraulic telescopic arms 18 in conjunction with elastic rubber blocks 19, achieving multi-directionally adjustable clamping and positioning while protecting the model's integrity through flexible contact, significantly improving the test device's versatility and test accuracy.

[0089] Through the above technical solution, the present invention can accurately control the axis position of tunnel models 1 with different cross-sectional shapes, effectively prevent mechanical damage during the installation of the model, and at the same time realize multi-dimensional positioning control through precise adjustment of the hydraulic system, providing reliable positioning guarantee for the seismic performance test of tunnel structures under complex geological conditions.

[0090] The tunnel model is intertwined with the faults between the upper and lower wall boxes to form an angle. The positioning module can adaptively adjust the angle value, thereby simulating the tunnel deformation under different angle conditions.

[0091] The present invention further proposes that the monitoring system includes a circumferential camera, which is arranged in the tunnel model 1.

[0092] The circumferential camera refers to a camera device that can be moved or fixed along the circumference of the tunnel wall. Specifically, it can be implemented as a 360-degree panoramic camera or an industrial camera with a rotating pan / tilt head. Its lens axis is perpendicular to the axis of tunnel model 1, capable of covering the circumferential area of ​​the tunnel wall. This device is configured to capture deformation traces of the inner wall of tunnel model 1 in real time and convert the deformation data into three-dimensional displacement using image processing algorithms.

[0093] Specifically, the circumferential camera is fixed at a preset position inside the tunnel model 1 via an adjustable mounting bracket, with its optical center coinciding with the central axis of the tunnel model 1. During the test, the camera continuously captures images of the tunnel's inner wall at a preset frequency, and the image data is transmitted to the terminal system in real time via cables or wireless transmission. Through image stitching technology, the circumferential images captured by the camera are automatically stitched into a continuously unfolded plan view. Combined with the digital image correlation algorithm, deformation features such as concrete crack expansion and lining dislocation can be accurately identified. When the tunnel model 1 is torsionally deformed by seismic loads, the camera automatically adjusts the shooting angle through the pan-tilt rotation mechanism to ensure that there is no blind spot coverage in the monitoring area.

[0094] With this setup, traditional testing equipment typically uses single-point displacement sensors or localized patch strain gauges, which can only capture discrete data from limited locations. The circumferential coverage of the circumferential camera eliminates blind spots and enables full-scale visualization of the deformation field. Existing fixed cameras are unable to capture dynamic torsional deformation due to limited viewing angles. This solution, by combining a pan-tilt head with image stitching technology, adapts deformation monitoring to three-dimensional motion.

[0095] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention solves the technical problems of discontinuous and low spatial resolution of tunnel inner wall deformation monitoring in traditional tests, realizes the continuous dynamic capture of the circumferential deformation of the tunnel structure under seismic load, and provides high-precision full-field deformation data for analyzing the evolution law of structural damage under the coupling of fault slip and earthquake.

[0096] The present invention further proposes that the arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅰ5 and the arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅰ4, and the arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅱ9 and the arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅱ8 are respectively connected by bolts, and retaining covers 20 are respectively provided in the grooves of the arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅰ5 and the arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅱ9, and the bolts are located between the retaining covers 20 and the grooves of the arc-shaped concave steel plate Ⅱ9.

[0097] Among them, bolt connection refers to the detachable fixation between steel plates achieved by threaded fasteners, which can be achieved specifically by using hexagonal bolts in combination with nuts, and can quickly replace arc-shaped concave steel plates of different shapes according to test requirements. The retaining cover 20 refers to a sealing component covering the opening of the groove, which can be achieved specifically by using a rubber plate with a snap-on structure, which can prevent particles from entering the groove during soil filling. The bolts located between the retaining cover 20 and the groove refer to the fasteners being arranged in the enclosed space formed by the retaining cover 20 and the steel plate groove, which can be achieved specifically by pre-embedded nuts at the bottom of the groove, thereby preventing soil from contacting the bolts and affecting the disassembly operation.

[0098] Specifically, during installation, the curved concave steel plate I5 or II is first bolted to the corresponding curved steel plate I4 or II. The retaining cap 20 is then inserted into the groove opening and tightened. During the soil filling phase, the retaining cap 20 forms a sealed interface with the groove sidewalls, effectively preventing soil particles from penetrating the bolted joints.

[0099] In conventional devices, the curved and concave steel plates are often welded together, making it impossible to change components with different cross-sectional shapes based on test requirements. This solution, through detachable bolt connections and a modular retaining cap 20 design, enables rapid switching of cross-sectional shapes while preventing bolt corrosion and difficulty in removal due to soil intrusion.

[0100] Through this technical solution, the present invention can adapt to the testing requirements of complex tunnel cross-sections such as horseshoe and elliptical shapes, resolving the problem of the limited cross-sectional adaptability of traditional devices. The design of the retaining cap 20 and the groove effectively prevents soil leakage, ensures the long-term reliability of the bolted connection structure, and shortens the test preparation period.

[0101] The present invention further proposes a multi-dimensionally controllable modular test method for the seismic response of a cross-fault tunnel, comprising the following steps: fixing the upper plate box on a vibration table, installing the lower plate box on a linear slide, and installing a fault inclination adjustment system between the upper plate box and the lower plate box; adjusting the position of the positioning module according to the horizontal angle requirement of the tunnel model 1; passing the tunnel model 1 through the positioning module, keeping the axis of the tunnel model 1 parallel to the bottom surfaces of the upper plate box and the lower plate box; determining the material ratio of the filling soil by similarity criteria, adopting a layer-by-layer filling and compaction method, and controlling the weight of each layer of mixed soil so that the surrounding rock and soil of the tunnel model 1 is close to the on-site situation, and at the same time burying the pressure sensor in the surrounding rock and soil according to the test design; determining the acceleration and displacement measurement points, arranging the test device in the tunnel model 1, and arranging the monitoring system at both ends of the tunnel and the internal fault position, turning on the vibration table to start the experiment, and recording the dynamic response characteristics and damage conditions of the tunnel structure under earthquake in real time, so as to realize multi-field measurement of the structural response.

[0102] Among them, layer-by-layer filling and layered compaction refer to filling the soil into the modular box model in layers according to the preset layer thickness, and applying uniform pressure mechanically or manually after each layer is filled. Specifically, the layer thickness can be controlled to 20-30 cm, and the soil density can be controlled by using vibration compaction equipment. Among them, the similarity criterion refers to determining the soil material ratio through dimensional analysis based on the proportional relationship between the actual engineering geological parameters and the test model, and adjusting the sand and clay mixing ratio to simulate different surrounding rock strengths. Among them, multi-field measurability refers to the simultaneous collection of surrounding rock stress, structural vibration and deformation data by arranging pressure sensors, accelerometers and circumferential cameras, and setting three-axis accelerometers in the fault dislocation area to capture the spatial motion trajectory.

[0103] Specifically, during the test, the modular box model realizes three-dimensional motion simulation through the combination of a linear slide and a vibration table. The detachable connection structure of the fault inclination adjustment system supports dynamic adjustment of the spatial angle between the fault and the tunnel axis. When filling the soil, the mass error of each layer of mixed soil is controlled by the weighing system to ensure the uniformity of the material. Pressure sensors are buried at different depths along the circumference of the tunnel to monitor the changes in the stress distribution of the surrounding rock during the propagation of seismic waves. After the test device is started, the vibration table inputs the seismic wave signal, the linear slide synchronously applies the fault dislocation displacement, and the monitoring system records the tunnel lining strain, joint dislocation and crack extension morphology in real time.

[0104] With this setup, conventional test equipment is limited by fixed inclination modules and a single dynamic input, making it incapable of simulating three-dimensional fault motion. This method, through the combination of a modular enclosure and an adjustable fault system, enables continuous adjustment of the inclination angle within a certain range, while also matching positioning modules with different cross-sectional shapes. During the test, seismic waves and fault motion loads can be applied simultaneously, and the structural dynamic coupling effects can be captured through multi-sensor fusion measurement technology.

[0105] Through this technical solution, the present invention overcomes the technical limitation of traditional testing, which prevents dynamic adjustment of the fault space angle, and achieves the flexible matching of the tunnel axis and the fault inclination. By employing layered compaction and controlled proportioning of similar materials, the true mechanical properties of the surrounding rock of deep tunnels are effectively restored. The multi-field synchronous monitoring system accurately captures stress concentration areas and damage evolution patterns in tunnel linings under the coupled effects of earthquakes and fault motion, providing critical experimental data support for the design of motion-resistant tunnel structures.

[0106] The present invention further proposes a multi-dimensionally controllable modular test method for the seismic response of a cross-fault tunnel, comprising the following steps: fixing the upper plate box on a vibration table, installing the lower plate box on a linear slide, and installing a fault inclination adjustment system between the upper plate box and the lower plate box; adjusting the position of the positioning module according to the horizontal angle requirement of the tunnel model 1; passing the tunnel model 1 through the positioning module, keeping the axis of the tunnel model 1 parallel to the bottom surfaces of the upper plate box and the lower plate box; determining the material ratio of the filling soil by similarity criteria, adopting a layer-by-layer filling and compaction method, and controlling the weight of each layer of mixed soil so that the surrounding rock soil of the tunnel model 1 is close to the on-site situation, and at the same time, installing pressure sensors on the outer surface of the lining according to the test design; determining the acceleration and displacement measurement points, arranging the test equipment in the tunnel model 1, and arranging the monitoring system at both ends of the tunnel and the internal fault position, turning on the vibration table to start the experiment, and recording the dynamic response characteristics and damage conditions of the tunnel structure under earthquake in real time, so as to realize multi-field measurement of the structural response.

[0107] Among them, the similarity criterion for determining material proportions refers to determining soil proportion parameters based on the geometric similarity ratio and the material density similarity ratio. A mixture of diatomaceous earth, barite powder, and sand can be used to simulate different surrounding rock characteristics, and the target physical and mechanical properties can be achieved by adjusting the proportions of each group. Layer-by-layer filling and compaction means that the thickness of each layer of fill is controlled within a preset range. 20-30 mm layers can be used, and vibration compaction equipment is used to compact each layer layer to ensure uniform and dense soil. Pressure sensor embedding refers to arranging sensors in the soil according to predetermined spatial coordinates. Measuring points can be set on both sides of the fault interface and in the tunnel vault and arch foot areas to capture changes in stress transfer paths.

[0108] Specifically, the method achieves dynamic adjustment of the angle between the tunnel axis and the fault space by adjusting the position of the positioning module, and clamps the tunnel through the hydraulic telescopic arm 18. A layered control strategy is adopted when filling the soil. The soil density is verified by weighing after each layer is filled to ensure that it is similar to the prototype geological conditions. During the test device layout phase, a circumferential camera is arranged inside the tunnel, and the accelerometer and strain gauge are combined to synchronously collect the structural deformation and vibration response data. During the experiment, the vibration table and the linear slide are linked to apply multi-dimensional seismic input, which can simulate the coupled vibration in the horizontal and vertical directions. At the same time, the fault inclination adjustment system realizes three-dimensional composite inclination changes through the combination of trapezoidal plates and cross plates.

[0109] With this setup, existing testing methods rely heavily on fixed-angle modules and single-section model boxes. Adjusting the angle between the tunnel and the fault can only be done in stages by replacing the mold, resulting in significant deviations between test results and actual operating conditions. This method, through the combination of an adjustable positioning module and a modular box, supports continuous adjustment of the spatial relationship between the tunnel axis and the fault, enabling rapid switching between tunnel models with different cross-sectional shapes, such as horseshoes and ellipses, within the same model box. Layered compaction and sensor array layout further enhance the accuracy of surrounding rock stress field simulations, enabling precise capture of the stress redistribution process caused by fault movement.

[0110] Through the above technical solution, the present invention solves the problems of the existing test methods that are unable to dynamically adjust the angle between the tunnel and the fault space, the limited adjustment of the inclination angle, and the insufficient accuracy of soil simulation. The adjustability of the positioning module allows the relative position of the tunnel model 1 and the fault plane to be flexibly changed according to experimental needs, and supports the continuous setting of the angle within a certain range. The layered filling and material ratio control ensure that the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock soil are consistent with the prototype, and can simulate the stratum response under different burial depths. The multi-dimensional sensor layout and composite seismic motion input realize multi-field synchronous monitoring of the dynamic response of the tunnel structure, and can simultaneously obtain acceleration, strain, displacement and crack expansion data, providing a complete experimental basis for revealing the mechanism of fault dislocation and earthquake coupling.

[0111] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0112] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular test device for the seismic response of a multi-dimensionally controllable cross-fault tunnel, characterized by: include: A modular box model, comprising an upper box and a lower box, wherein the upper box is mounted on a vibration table and the lower box is mounted on a linear slide, and both the upper box and the lower box are arc-shaped structures; A fault dip adjustment system is provided with two groups, the two groups of the fault dip adjustment systems are symmetrically arranged between the upper plate box and the lower plate box, and the upper plate box and the lower plate box are respectively detachably connected to the fault dip adjustment system through a connecting assembly, and the upper plate box, the lower plate box, and the two groups of the fault dip adjustment systems together form a bathtub-like structure; Positioning modules, wherein two groups of positioning modules are provided, and the two groups of positioning modules are detachable from the upper plate box and the lower plate box respectively; A tunnel model (1), wherein both ends of the tunnel model (1) are respectively mounted on two sets of positioning modules; A monitoring system, the monitoring system being arranged in the tunnel model (1) and being used to monitor the deformation of the tunnel model (1); a terminal system connected to the monitoring system; The upper plate box comprises: A bottom steel plate I (2), wherein the bottom steel plate I (2) is fixed on a vibration table; Side panels I (3), the side panels I (3) are provided in two groups, the two groups of side panels I (3) are symmetrically and vertically fixed on the bottom steel plate I (2), and the two side panels I (3) are arranged in parallel; Arc-shaped steel plate I (4); two groups of the arc-shaped steel plate I (4) are provided, the two groups of the arc-shaped steel plate I (4) are arranged in parallel up and down, a gap is provided between the two groups of the arc-shaped steel plate I (4), the two groups of the arc-shaped steel plate I (4) are both located between the side plates I (3), and the arc-shaped steel plate I (4) is welded and fixed to the side plates I (3); Arc-shaped concave steel plates I (5), wherein the arc-shaped concave steel plates I (5) are provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of the arc-shaped concave steel plates I (5) are arranged between two arc-shaped steel plates I (4); The lower plate box comprises: A bottom steel plate II (6), wherein the bottom steel plate II (6) is fixed on the linear slide; Side panels II (7), the side panels II (7) are provided in two groups, the two groups of side panels II (7) are symmetrically and vertically fixed on the bottom steel plate II (6), and the side panels II (7) are respectively arranged in parallel with the side panels I (3); Arc-shaped steel plate II (8); the arc-shaped steel plate II (8) is provided in two groups, the two groups of arc-shaped steel plates I (4) are arranged in parallel up and down, a gap is provided between the two groups of arc-shaped steel plates II (8), the two groups of arc-shaped steel plates II (8) are both located between the side plates II (7), and the arc-shaped steel plates II (8) are fixed to the side plates II (7) by welding; Arc-shaped inward-concave steel plates II (9), wherein the arc-shaped inward-concave steel plates II (9) are provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of the arc-shaped inward-concave steel plates II (9) are arranged at equal intervals between the two arc-shaped steel plates II (8); The fault dip adjustment system comprises: A first angle module, the first angle module comprising two symmetrically arranged first trapezoidal plates (10), a first transverse plate being provided between the two first trapezoidal plates (10), the first transverse plate being connected to the bottom steel plate I (2) and the bottom steel plate II (6) via a fixing assembly; A second angle module, the second angle module comprising two groups of second trapezoidal plates (11), the two groups of second trapezoidal plates (11) being arranged correspondingly, a second transverse plate being fixed between the two groups of second trapezoidal plates (11), the second transverse plate being connected to the bottom steel plate I (2) and the bottom steel plate II (6) via a fixing assembly; Wherein, the first trapezoidal plate (10) is connected to the side plate I (3) and the second trapezoidal plate (11) via the connecting assembly, and the second trapezoidal plate (11) is connected to the side plate II (7) via the connecting assembly; The fixing assembly comprises a concave steel plate, a cover plate (22), and a fixing bolt (23), wherein the fixing bolt (23) is located in the concave steel plate and passes through the bottom of the concave steel plate to be connected to the bottom steel plate I (2) or the bottom steel plate II (6), and the cover plate (22) is mounted on the concave steel plate for retaining soil; The connection component includes: Mounting plate (12); Pads (13), wherein two groups of pads (13) are provided, and the two groups of pads (13) are symmetrically fixed on the mounting plate (12), and a slide groove (14) is provided on the pads (13); Wherein, connecting plates are respectively installed on the side plate I (3), the side plate II (7), the first trapezoidal plate (10) and the second trapezoidal plate (11), and the connecting plates are detachably connected to the backing plate (13) via high-strength bolts (15); The positioning module includes: A support plate (16), wherein a through hole is formed on the support plate (16), and the shape of the support plate (16) matches the shape of the arc-shaped concave steel plate I (5) and the arc-shaped concave steel plate II (9); a steel pipe (17), the steel pipe (17) being fixedly connected in the through hole; Hydraulic telescopic arms (18), wherein the hydraulic telescopic arms (18) are provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of hydraulic telescopic arms (18) are arranged on the steel pipe (17) at equal intervals in the circumferential direction; A rubber block (19) is provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of rubber blocks (19) are respectively fixed to the ends of the hydraulic telescopic arm (18).

2. The multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring system comprises: A circumferential camera is arranged in the tunnel model (1).

3. The multi-dimensional controllable cross-fault tunnel seismic response modular test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-shaped concave steel plate I (5) and the arc-shaped concave steel plate I (4), and the arc-shaped concave steel plate II (9) and the arc-shaped concave steel plate II (8) are respectively connected by bolts, and retaining covers (20) are respectively provided in the grooves of the arc-shaped concave steel plate I (5) and the arc-shaped concave steel plate II (9), and the bolts are located between the retaining covers (20) and the grooves of the arc-shaped concave steel plate II (9).

4. A modular test method for multi-dimensionally controllable earthquake response of a cross-fault tunnel, based on the modular test device for multi-dimensionally controllable earthquake response of a cross-fault tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Fix the upper plate box on the vibration table, install the lower plate box on the linear slide, and install the fault inclination adjustment system between the upper plate box and the lower plate box; Step 2: Adjust the position of the positioning module according to the horizontal angle requirement of the tunnel model (1); Step 3: Pass the tunnel model (1) through the positioning module, keeping the axis of the tunnel model (1) parallel to the bottom surfaces of the upper and lower box bodies; Step 4: Determine the material ratio of the filling soil by similarity criteria, adopt the method of filling and compacting layer by layer, and control the weight of each layer of mixed soil to make the surrounding rock and soil of the tunnel model (1) close to the actual situation on site; at the same time, install the pressure sensor on the outer surface of the lining according to the experimental design; Step 5: Determine the acceleration and displacement measurement points, arrange the test equipment in the tunnel model (1), and arrange the monitoring system at both ends of the tunnel and the internal fault location. Turn on the vibration table to start the experiment, and record the dynamic response characteristics and damage of the tunnel structure under earthquake in real time, so as to achieve multi-field measurement of the structural response.

Images