Urban space bird flight safety evaluation method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in an urban space, and relates to the field of urban planning and building design, and the method comprises the steps: investigating and screening birds according to the characteristics of a target city, determining target birds, obtaining evaluation index values according to buildings and human activities, and calculating the flight safety of the birds in the urban space; standardizing by adopting a range method, determining the weight of each evaluation index through a Delphi method, and carrying out weighted summation to obtain an AFSI value; in the ArcGIS platform, the evaluation index values are converted into grid map layers, spatial superposition is carried out according to weights to generate an AFSI distribution map, and a target area which does not meet requirements in the target city is obtained according to the AFSI distribution map; and for a built area in the target area, changeable indexes in the evaluation indexes are improved, and for a planned to-be-built area in the target area, the building height and density are adjusted in combination with the warning distance and the take-off angle of the target birds, and a flight corridor is reserved. The problem that the flying safety of birds is seriously threatened in the urbanization process is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of urban planning and architectural design, and particularly to an evaluation method for the flight safety of birds in urban spaces. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of urbanization, high-rise buildings have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, providing a more comfortable and convenient living environment for urban residents. However, this process has also had a great impact on the living environment of birds. As an important part of the ecosystem, the habitats and migration routes of birds have been severely disturbed by urban construction.

[0003] In cities, habitats suitable for birds to inhabit and move still exist or are newly built, but the disorderly growth of the height and density of existing buildings has seriously affected the habitats and migration routes of birds. In particular, highly reflective surfaces such as glass curtain walls, because their appearance is similar to the sky or vegetation, easily lead to birds colliding and dying. This not only poses a threat to bird populations but also affects the balance of the urban ecosystem.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an evaluation method for the flight safety of birds in urban spaces that can, through scientific and reasonable evaluation means, guide urban space planning and construction, minimize the impact of construction projects on the bird inhabiting environment, and provide a safer and more friendly inhabiting environment for birds. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention provide an evaluation method for the flight safety of birds in urban spaces to solve the problem that the flight safety of birds is severely threatened during the process of urbanization. The technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, an evaluation method for the flight safety of birds in urban spaces, the method includes: investigating and screening birds according to the characteristics of the target city to determine the target birds, and obtaining evaluation index values based on the buildings and human activities in the target city; the evaluation indexes include building height, building density, building distance, human activity distance, light intensity, and noise intensity; standardizing the evaluation index values by the range method, determining the weights of each evaluation index through the Delphi method, and obtaining the bird flight safety index AFSI value of the target city by weighted summation of the evaluation index values based on the weights; converting the evaluation index values into raster layers on the ArcGIS platform and performing spatial overlay according to the weights to generate a bird flight safety index AFSI distribution map, and obtaining the target areas that do not meet the requirements in the target city according to the AFSI distribution map; for the built-up areas in the target areas, improve the changeable indexes in the evaluation indexes, and for the areas to be built in the target areas, adjust the building height and density in combination with the warning distance and take-off angle of the target birds, and reserve flight corridors.

[0007] In one embodiment, an evaluation index system is constructed by selecting the smaller-the-better type indicators and the larger-the-better type evaluation indicators according to the influence degree of the buildings and human activities in the target city on the flight of the target birds; the smaller-the-better type indicators include building height, building density, light intensity, and noise intensity, and the larger-the-better type indicators include building distance and human activity distance.

[0008] In one embodiment, the formula for calculating the standard maximum value of the building height is as follows:

[0009] H max = D b ·cotα;

[0010] where D b is the actual distance from the take-off position of the target bird to the building, and α is the maximum take-off angle of the target bird, with a value range of 10° to 30°.

[0011] In one embodiment, the standard minimum value of the building distance is 3 times the warning distance of the most sensitive birds in the target city.

[0012] In one embodiment, the quantification of the light intensity is obtained by using nighttime light remote sensing data or by simulating the light data of the built-up area; the remote sensing data includes NPP-VIIRS and DMSP-OLS data.

[0013] In one embodiment, the quantification of the noise intensity is obtained by using the measured noise decibel number or by simulating the noise data of the built-up area, and the standard maximum value is 50 dB(A) of the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level.

[0014] In one embodiment, the range method is used to standardize the evaluation index values, including:

[0015] For the larger-the-better type indicators, the formula for standardization is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] For the smaller-the-better type indicators, the formula for standardization is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] where Z represents the standardized index value, I max represents the standard maximum value of the index, I min represents the standard minimum value of the index, and I value represents the current value of the index.

[0020] In one embodiment, converting the evaluation index values into a raster layer in the ArcGIS platform and performing spatial overlay according to the weights to generate a distribution map of the Avian Flight Safety Index (AFSI) is achieved through the following steps: preprocessing and rasterizing the evaluation index values in the ArcGIS platform, and generating a raster layer with a unified resolution through interpolation or conversion tools; normalizing each raster to between 0 and 1 using the range method, summing the weighted values of each raster according to the weights to obtain the AFSI value of each raster, and generating a distribution map of the Avian Flight Safety Index (AFSI).

[0021] In one embodiment, obtaining the target areas that do not meet the requirements in the target city according to the AFSI distribution map is achieved through the following steps: dividing the areas of the target city into four safety status levels according to the AFSI distribution map; the area with an AFSI value higher than 0.75 is rated as safe, the area between 0.5 and 0.75 is rated as relatively safe, the area between 0.25 and 0.5 is rated as unsafe, and the area lower than or equal to 0.25 is rated as very unsafe; marking different areas with different colors or symbols according to the levels on the AFSI distribution map, and taking the areas rated as unsafe and very unsafe as the target areas that do not meet the safety requirements.

[0022] In one embodiment, adjusting the building height and density in combination with the warning distance and takeoff angle of the target bird is achieved through the following steps: delineating a buffer zone at intervals of 50 m based on the warning distance of the target bird, and calculating the building control height line of the buffer zone according to the takeoff angle α of the target bird;

[0023] The calculation formula of the building control height line is as follows:

[0024] H control =D b ·cotα;

[0025] where D b is the actual distance from the takeoff position of the target bird to the building, and α is the maximum takeoff angle of the target bird, with a value range of 10° to 30°.

[0026] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the present invention are:

[0027] In the above technical solution, the present invention first determines evaluation indicators including building height, building density, building distance, human activity distance, light intensity, and noise intensity by investigating and screening birds in the target city and combining the characteristics of urban buildings and human activities. These indicators are used to evaluate the impact of the urban environment on the flight safety of birds. Then, the range method is used to standardize the evaluation indicator values, and the Delphi method is used to determine the weights of each indicator. Based on these weights, the evaluation indicator values are weighted and summed to obtain the value of the Avian Flight Safety Index (AFSI) of the target city. This step realizes the quantitative evaluation of the flight safety status of urban birds. Then, on the ArcGIS platform, the evaluation indicator values are converted into raster layers and spatially overlaid according to the weights to generate the AFSI distribution map of the avian flight safety index. This distribution map intuitively shows the flight safety status of birds in different regions of the city. According to the AFSI distribution map, target areas that do not meet the safety requirements are identified. For the built-up areas, the evaluable indicators are optimized; for the planned areas to be built, the building height and density are adjusted in combination with the warning distance and take-off angle of the target birds, and flight corridors are reserved. This step aims to improve the flight safety of urban birds through targeted improvement measures. By constructing an evaluation index system and a quantitative evaluation method, a quantitative index (AFSI value) of the flight safety status of urban birds is obtained. Through the spatial analysis and visualization technology of the ArcGIS platform, the spatial distribution and grading of the flight safety status of urban birds are realized, providing a scientific basis for urban planning and management and solving the problem that the flight safety of birds is seriously threatened during the urbanization process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of an evaluation method for the flight safety of birds in urban space. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0030] The following details the embodiments of the present invention. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0031] Those skilled in the art can understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", "the", and "said" used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "including" used in the specification of the present disclosure means the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or their groups. It should be understood that when we say an element is "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or there may also be intermediate elements. In addition, the "connection" or "coupling" used herein may include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The term "and / or" used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0032] Range method: A data normalization method that eliminates the influence of different index dimensions by converting index values into numerical values between 0 and 1, facilitating comparison and weighted summation.

[0033] Delphi method: An expert survey method that collects expert opinions and determines the weights of various evaluation indicators through multiple rounds of anonymous surveys and feedback.

[0034] ArcGIS platform: A geographic information system (GIS) software platform used for the processing, analysis, and visualization of geographic data.

[0035] Raster layer: A data representation method in GIS that divides the geographic space into regular grids, and each grid (raster) contains specific attribute values.

[0036] Spatial overlay: A process in GIS that combines or overlays the data of different layers according to their spatial positions to generate new spatial information or analysis results.

[0037] Warning distance: It refers to the certain distance that birds will maintain from the threat source when they perceive potential threats. The warning distance is used to determine the adjustment range of building height and density in the planned area to be built to ensure that birds have sufficient flight space.

[0038] Flight corridor: A specific spatial passage reserved to protect the flight safety of birds. The flight corridor is used to connect important ecological nodes such as bird habitats and foraging areas to ensure that birds can fly freely in the city.

[0039] The present invention provides an evaluation method for the flight safety of urban space birds. By constructing an evaluation index system and a quantitative evaluation method, a quantitative index (AFSI value) of the flight safety status of urban birds is obtained. Through the spatial analysis and visualization technology of the ArcGIS platform, the spatial distribution and grading of the flight safety status of urban birds are realized, providing a scientific basis for urban planning and management, and solving the problem that the flight safety of birds is seriously threatened during the urbanization process. The evaluation method for the flight safety of urban space birds with adaptive regional characteristics and sample characteristics in the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to various scenarios, such as the evaluation of the flight safety of birds in various administrative regions (such as provinces, cities, counties, districts, etc.).

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 , the embodiments of the present invention provide an evaluation method for the flight safety of urban space birds.

[0041] In the following method embodiments, for the convenience of description, the execution subject of each step of the method is taken as an example of an electronic device for illustration, but this does not constitute a specific limitation thereto.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, the method may include the following steps:

[0043] Step 110, conduct a survey and screening of birds according to the characteristics of the target city to determine the target birds, and obtain the evaluation index values based on the buildings and human activities in the target city.

[0044] Among them, the evaluation indexes include building height, building density, building distance, human activity distance, light intensity, and noise intensity.

[0045] In a possible implementation, according to the degree of influence of the buildings and human activities in the target city on the flight of the target birds, select the indexes with the smaller the better and the indexes with the larger the better to construct the evaluation index system.

[0046] Among them, the indexes with the smaller the better include building height, building density, light intensity, and noise intensity, and the indexes with the larger the better include building distance and human activity distance.

[0047] In a possible implementation, the calculation formula for the standard maximum value of the building height is as follows:

[0048] H max = D b ·cotα;

[0049] Among them, D b is the actual distance from the takeoff position of the target bird to the building, and α is the maximum takeoff angle of the target bird, and the value range is from 10° to 30°.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the standard minimum building distance is three times the most sensitive bird warning distance of the target city.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the quantification of light intensity is obtained using nighttime light remote sensing data or by simulating light data of built-up areas.

[0052] Among them, remote sensing data include NPP-VIIRS and DMSP-OLS data.

[0053] In a possible implementation, the noise intensity is quantified using measured noise decibels or noise data of simulated built-up areas, with 50 dB(A) of the equivalent continuous A sound level as the standard maximum value.

[0054] Among them, the process of investigating and screening to determine the target birds involves surveying the bird species in the target city, and selecting birds that may have a key impact on flight safety as evaluation objects based on the characteristics of the city (such as geographical location, climate, ecology, etc.).

[0055] Specifically, the evaluation indicators are used to measure the specific parameters of the urban environment's impact on bird flight safety, which include building height, building density, building distance, human activity distance, light intensity and noise intensity in this plan; building height refers to the vertical height of buildings in the city, which is one of the important factors affecting bird flight safety; building density refers to the number of buildings per unit area or the proportion of floor area, reflecting the degree of congestion in the city; building distance refers to the distance between bird flight paths or habitats and urban buildings; human activity distance refers to the distance between areas with frequent human activities and bird flight or habitat areas; light intensity refers to the possible impact of urban night lighting on bird flight, and excessively strong lights may interfere with bird navigation and flight; noise intensity refers to the noise level in the urban environment, which may affect bird habitats and flight behaviors.

[0056] Step 130, standardize the evaluation index values ​​using the range method, determine the weight of each evaluation index using the Delphi method, and perform weighted summation of the evaluation index values ​​based on the weights to obtain the AFSI value of the target city.

[0057] In one possible implementation, for the larger the better indicator, the standardized calculation formula is as follows:

[0058]

[0059] For the smaller the better indicator, the standardized calculation formula is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] Among them, Z represents the standardized index value, Imax Represents the standard maximum value of the index, I min Represents the standard minimum value of the index, I value Represents the current value of the index.

[0062] Step 150, in the ArcGIS platform, convert the evaluation index values into raster layers and perform spatial overlay according to weights to generate the distribution map of the Avian Flight Safety Index (AFSI). Obtain the target areas in the target city that do not meet the requirements based on the AFSI distribution map.

[0063] In a possible implementation, preprocess and rasterize the evaluation index values in the ArcGIS platform. Generate raster layers with a unified resolution through interpolation or conversion tools. Standardize each raster to between 0 and 1 using the range method. Weight-sum each raster according to the weights to obtain the AFSI value of each raster, and generate the distribution map of the Avian Flight Safety Index (AFSI).

[0064] In a possible implementation, divide the areas of the target city into four safety status levels according to the AFSI distribution map. Mark different areas with different colors or symbols according to the levels on the AFSI distribution map. Consider the areas with the levels of "unsafe" and "very unsafe" as the target areas that do not meet the safety requirements.

[0065] Among them, the area with an AFSI value higher than 0.75 is at the "safe" level, the area between 0.5 and 0.75 is at the "relatively safe" level, the area between 0.25 and 0.5 is at the "unsafe" level, and the area lower than or equal to 0.25 is at the "very unsafe" level.

[0066] Specifically, the target areas that do not meet the requirements refer to the areas with relatively poor avian flight safety conditions identified according to the AFSI distribution map.

[0067] Step 170, for the built-up areas in the target areas, improve the changeable indicators in the evaluation indicators. For the planned areas to be built in the target areas, adjust the building height and density in combination with the warning distance and takeoff angle of the target birds, and reserve flight corridors.

[0068] In a possible implementation, delimit buffer zones at intervals of 50 m based on the warning distance of the target birds, and calculate the building control height line of the buffer zones according to the takeoff angle α of the target birds.

[0069] Among them, the calculation formula of the building control height line is as follows:

[0070] H control = D b ·cotα;

[0071] Among them, D bLet \(d\) be the actual distance between the take-off position of the target bird and the building, and \(\alpha\) be the maximum take-off angle of the target bird, with a value range of \(10^{\circ}\) to \(30^{\circ}\).

[0072] Specifically, the built-up area refers to the area in the city that has been completed, the planned area to be built refers to the area in the city that has not been built but has a plan, the take-off angle refers to the angle between the bird and the ground when taking off, and the take-off angle is used to calculate the building control height line to ensure that the height of the building does not hinder the take-off of the bird. The flight corridor refers to a specific space corridor reserved to protect the flight safety of birds, which is used to connect important ecological nodes such as bird habitats and foraging areas to ensure that birds can fly freely in the city.

[0073] Through the above process, in the embodiment of the present invention, first, by investigating and screening the birds in the target city and combining the characteristics of urban buildings and human activities, evaluation indicators including building height, building density, building distance, human activity distance, light intensity, and noise intensity are determined. These indicators are used to evaluate the impact of the urban environment on the flight safety of birds. Then, the range method is used to standardize the evaluation indicator values, and the Delphi method is used to determine the weights of each indicator. Based on these weights, the evaluation indicator values are weighted and summed to obtain the value of the bird flight safety index (AFSI) of the target city. This step realizes the quantitative evaluation of the bird flight safety status in the city. Then, on the ArcGIS platform, the evaluation indicator values are converted into raster layers and spatially overlaid according to the weights to generate the AFSI distribution map of the bird flight safety index. This distribution map intuitively shows the bird flight safety status in different regions of the city. According to the AFSI distribution map, the target areas that do not meet the safety requirements are identified. For the built-up area, the evaluable indicators are optimized; for the planned area to be built, in combination with the warning distance and take-off angle of the target bird, the building height and density are adjusted, and a flight corridor is reserved. This step aims to improve the bird flight safety in the city through targeted improvement measures. By constructing an evaluation index system and a quantitative evaluation method, a quantitative index (AFSI value) of the bird flight safety status in the city is obtained. Through the spatial analysis and visualization technology of the ArcGIS platform, the spatial distribution and grading of the bird flight safety status in the city are realized, providing a scientific basis for urban planning and management, and solving the problem that the flight safety of birds is seriously threatened in the process of urbanization.

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, a method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban space is provided, which may include the following steps:

[0075] The first step is to construct an index system and calculate the indicators.

[0076] Among them, the construction of the index system is carried out by first designing indexes from aspects such as building interference, human activity interference, and acoustic and light interference to evaluate the flight safety space of waterbirds according to the influence degree of urban buildings and human activities on bird flight. The specific indexes are 6 indexes including building height, building density, building distance, human activity distance, light intensity, and noise intensity.

[0077] Among them, the building height H is an index with the smaller the better. The building height at the location to be evaluated is H, and the maximum suitable height of the building height is Db·cotα, where α is the maximum value of the take-off angle of the target bird in the research area. Generally, it takes values of 10 - 30° according to different target birds, and Db is the distance from the take-off position of the target bird to the building.

[0078] Among them, the building density Bd is an index with the smaller the better. The building density refers to the ratio of the total building area of the building to the land area it occupies. If there are multiple land use types or building function areas in the evaluation area, the evaluation unit is divided according to the land use type or building function area, and the building density is calculated separately for each evaluation unit.

[0079] Among them, the building distance Db is an index with the larger the better. The value of 3 times the warning distance of the most sensitive bird species in the evaluation area is used as the protection area radius k, and the minimum suitable distance of the building distance is k. The range method is used to perform range processing on the building distance.

[0080] Among them, the human activity distance Dp is an index with the larger the better. It is characterized by the distance Dp between the road position required for human activities and the bird habitat. The minimum suitable value is the alert distance of waterbirds, and the range method is used to perform range processing on the human activity distance.

[0081] Among them, the light intensity L is an index with the smaller the better. Using night light remote sensing data, such as NPP-VIIRS and DMSP-OLS data, or simulated light data of the built area, after spatially quantifying the light intensity of the research area, the range method is used to perform range processing on the light intensity of the evaluation area.

[0082] Among them, the noise intensity N is an index with the smaller the better. The measured noise decibel number at the evaluation position is used as the evaluation data or the simulated noise data after completion. Taking the equivalent continuous A sound level of 50 dB(A) as the maximum allowable value, range processing is carried out.

[0083] The second step is to standardize the index data.

[0084] Specifically, to eliminate the influence of the index dimension and nature on the calculation result, a certain data conversion method needs to be used to standardize it. In this technology, the range method is used to process each index into a value between [0, 1].

[0085] Among them, for the index where the larger the value, the better, the standardized calculation formula is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] For the index where the smaller the value, the better, the standardized calculation formula is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] Among them, Z represents the standardized index value, I max represents the standard maximum value of the index, I min represents the standard minimum value of the index, I value represents the current value of the index.

[0090] Step 3: Determine the weights of each index.

[0091] Specifically, the Delphi method is used to determine the weights of each index, and the weights of each index are shown in Table 1 below.

[0092] Table 1 Weights of Each Index

[0093]

[0094] Step 4: Calculate the Avian Flight Safety Index (AFSI).

[0095] Specifically, the calculation formula of AFSI is as follows:

[0096]

[0097] Among them, r i is the score of the i-th index, w i is the weight of the i-th index, and the range of AFSI is between 0 and 1.

[0098] Furthermore, in the actual project implementation, the frequency distribution of data and the standard threshold are taken into account to classify the levels of the flight safety index. The flight safety index is divided into 4 levels as shown in Table 2 below.

[0099] Table 2 Levels of Avian Flight Safety Index

[0100] Level Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ AFSI Score (0.75,1] (0.5,0.75] (0.25,0.5] [0,0.25] Status Safe Relatively Safe Unsafe Very Unsafe

[0101] Step 5: Classify the safety levels of different areas of the safety space around the avian habitat according to the Avian Flight Safety Index (AFSI).

[0102] Among them, the index values in the bird flight safety evaluation index system (such as building height, building density, artificial light source, noise, etc.) are spatialized in ArcGIS according to the buffer zone level, and spatial superposition is carried out according to the weights of each index, so as to identify the bird flight safety space in the research area.

[0103] Specifically, first, according to the calculation methods of each index in different buffer zones, it is converted into raster layers in ArcGIS, and then the raster layers of multiple specific indexes are reclassified according to values respectively to make them have the same evaluation criteria. Multiply the pixel value of each input raster by the importance weight of the raster, and add the result pixel values to generate the output raster.

[0104] Step 6: Comprehensively delimit the building density and height requirements of the bird activity space according to the bird flight space index.

[0105] Specifically, first, divide the safe space around the bird habitat into built-up areas and unbuilt areas to provide space guarantee for bird migration and habitat activities. The core control object of the bird flight safety space construction technology is the building height in the urban construction process, followed by the building density, and it is divided into control measures for built-up areas and control measures for planned areas to be constructed according to different stages of urban construction.

[0106] Among them, the basic distribution pattern of buildings in the built-up area has been formed, and the impact or threat of buildings on the bird flight space already exists. The key points of the bird flight safety space guarantee technology for the built-up area lie in: setting control objectives for new construction projects in the area, and guiding the construction process of the surrounding areas or building new safe flight spaces or channels when there are urban renewal opportunities, so as to guarantee the bird flight safety space in the built-up area to a certain extent.

[0107] Specifically, first, conduct target bird surveys and screenings, and then, taking sensitive birds as the target and habitats as the protection source points, construct the bird flight safety index in the built-up area, evaluate the existing buildings in different areas of the research area, and propose zoning control measures for the existing buildings. For areas with an AFSI score < 0.5, improve the AFSI score by improving the factors that can be changed, such as light intensity, noise intensity, etc., to maximize the safety index of the bird flight space. Use the height and density indicators of the new building plan as input parameters to calculate and evaluate the bird flight safety index of the area. If the AFSI score ≥ 0.5, the building plan indicators have little impact on the surrounding bird flight and meet the requirements. If the AFSI score < 0.5, it is evaluated as unsafe and very unsafe, indicating that the building plan indicators have a greater impact on the surrounding bird flight. Then, adjust the height and density indicators of the proposed new building to maximize the protection of the safety of bird flight activities.

[0108] Among them, the characteristics of the planned area to be built are that it is in the planning and decision-making stage, and the construction scale, height, etc. have not been determined. "Ecological priority" and bird protection can be used as the preconditions for its planning and construction, and bird protection measures and requirements can be integrated into the planning and design process in advance to provide a guiding basis for subsequent development and construction.

[0109] Specifically, first conduct a current situation bird and background survey to determine the core bird protection area. Then, taking sensitive birds as the target, combined with the planned building plan, calculate the bird flight safety index. After spatially mapping the flight safety index of the evaluation area according to the spatial distribution of the bird flight safety index, find the area where the AFSI score < 0.5, revise the building height, density and other indicators of the planned building plan, use the warning distance of the target protected bird, take the reserved flight corridor or habitat as the center, and delimit different buffer zones at intervals of 50m. Combining the take-off angle α of the target bird as a parameter, use the formula Db·cotα to calculate the building control height line for each 50m buffer line to form the building height requirement control line.

[0110] Through the above process, the present invention can quantify the quantitative relationship between the bird habitat and the surrounding urban buildings and interference factors according to the impact of the construction area around the bird habitat on birds, implement the urban space bird flight safety evaluation, and provide an important technical solution for minimizing the impact of construction projects on the bird habitat environment during the urban construction process, so as to protect birds during the urban space planning and construction stage.

[0111] In an application scenario, taking Shenzhen Bay in Shenzhen as an example, this area has been built into a typical representative of a high-density coastal city. The natural environment of the area is superior, and there are bird habitats such as Futian Mangrove National Nature Reserve, OCT Wetland and the adjacent Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong. For the urban renewal construction of this area, how to protect the flight safety of bird activities, the specific steps are as follows:

[0112] Step S1, target bird investigation and screening.

[0113] Specifically, the Shenzhen Bay area is an important stopover, wintering and transfer station for many migratory birds. Select 5 typical birds that are sensitive to urban renewal construction and buildings: black-faced spoonbill, Kentish plover, common cormorant, black-winged stilt, little egret, etc. as typical sensitive bird representatives.

[0114] Step S2, taking sensitive birds as the target, construct the bird flight safety index of the built-up area.

[0115] Specifically, when constructing the bird flight safety index, according to the impact degree of urban buildings and human activities on bird flight, waterbird flight safety space evaluation indicators are designed from aspects such as building interference, human activity interference, sound and light interference, etc. The specific indicators are 6 indicators including building height, building density, building distance, human activity distance, light intensity, and noise intensity.

[0116] ① Building height H: This indicator is of the type where the smaller the value, the better. The building height at the location to be evaluated is H, and the maximum suitable height of the building is Db·cotα, where α is the maximum value of the take-off angle of the target bird species in the research area. Taking the Kentish Plover with the smallest take-off angle as a representative, the value of α is 10°, and Db is the distance from the take-off position of the target bird to the specific building.

[0117] ② Building density Bd: This indicator is of the type where the smaller the value, the better. The building density refers to the ratio of the total building area of the buildings to the land area they occupy; the building functional areas in the evaluation area are mainly residential and office construction land. According to the building functional areas, evaluation units are divided, and the building density is calculated for each evaluation unit respectively.

[0118] ③ Building distance Db: This indicator is of the type where the larger the value, the better. Taking 3 times the warning distance of the most sensitive bird species in the evaluation area as the protection area radius k, the minimum suitable distance of the building distance is k. The warning distance of the Kentish Plover is 40m, and the value of k is taken as 120m. The extreme difference method is used to perform extreme difference processing on the building distance.

[0119] ④ Human activity distance Dp: This indicator is of the type where the larger the value, the better. It is characterized by the distance Dp between the road position required for human activities and the bird habitat. Taking the alert distance of waterbirds as the minimum suitable value, which is set to 40m in this embodiment, the extreme difference method is used to perform extreme difference processing on the human activity distance.

[0120] ⑤ Light intensity L: This indicator is of the type where the smaller the value, the better. Using night light remote sensing data, such as NPP-VIIRS and DMSP-OLS data, after spatially quantifying the light intensity in the research area, the extreme difference method is used to perform extreme difference processing on the light intensity in the evaluation area.

[0121] ⑥ Noise intensity N: This indicator is of the type where the smaller the value, the better. Using the measured noise decibel number at the evaluation position as the evaluation data, with the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level of 50dB(A) as the maximum allowable value, extreme difference processing is performed.

[0122] ⑥ Noise intensity N: This indicator is of the type where the smaller the value, the better. Using the measured noise decibel number at the evaluation position as the evaluation data, with the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level of 50dB(A) as the maximum allowable value, extreme difference processing is performed.

[0123] Step S3, evaluate the existing buildings in different regions of the research area.

[0124] Specifically, to eliminate the influence of index dimension and nature on the calculation results, the range method is used to process each index into a value between [0, 1], and the Delphi method is used to determine the weight of each index. The Avian Flight Safety Index (AFSI) is constructed through weighted summation.

[0125] Step S4, propose zoning control measures for existing buildings.

[0126] Specifically, mainly for the already built areas, if the building height, density, etc. cannot be changed, then according to the flight safety index evaluation method, the flight safety index of the evaluation area is spatially mapped. For areas with an AFSI score < 0.5, improvements are made from factors that can be changed, such as light intensity, noise intensity, etc., to increase the AFSI score and maximize the safety index of the bird flight space.

[0127] Furthermore, according to the flight safety index evaluation method, by simply inputting the building control plan height and density indicators of any new construction project, the bird flight safety index of its area can be evaluated. If the AFSI score < 0.5, it is evaluated as unsafe and very unsafe, indicating that the building planning indicators have a greater impact on the surrounding bird flight. If the AFSI score ≥ 0.5, then the building planning indicators have a smaller impact on the surrounding bird flight and meet the requirements.

[0128] In another application scenario, taking a planned area in Shunde, Foshan as an example, the current situation of this area is an undeveloped area with an area of 6 square kilometers. The land use is mainly fish pond wetlands, bamboo forests and river channels. In the future, a composite function industrial park will be built. The current situation of this area is a high-quality waterbird habitat. How to coordinate the bird activities and the development of the industrial park as much as possible and create an ecological park of man and nature? The following solutions are proposed for the bird flight safety protection of this completely undeveloped area:

[0129] Step S1, conduct a survey of the current situation of birds and the background, and determine the core bird protection area.

[0130] Specifically, according to the current situation survey, herons, including great egrets, little egrets, and night herons, are the dominant birds in this area. The core protection area is a linear habitat composed of a hundred-acre bamboo forest and the connected fish pond wetlands and main river channels.

[0131] Step S2, aiming at sensitive birds, combine the planned building plan to calculate the bird flight safety index.

[0132] Specifically, construct the bird flight safety index. Design indicators from aspects such as building interference, human activity interference, and light and sound interference to evaluate the waterbird flight safety space. The specific indicators are 6 indicators including building height, building density, building distance, human activity distance, light intensity, and noise intensity.

[0133] ① Building height H: This indicator is an indicator where the smaller the value, the better. The building height at the location to be evaluated is H, and the maximum suitable height of the building is Db·cotα, where α is the maximum take-off angle of the target birds in the research area. Taking the little egret as an example, the value of α is 30°, and Db is the distance from the take-off position of the target birds to the specific building.

[0134] ② Building density Bd: This indicator is an indicator where the smaller the value, the better. The building density refers to the ratio of the total building area of the buildings to the land area they occupy; the building functional areas in the evaluation area are mainly residential and office construction land. According to the building functional areas, evaluation units are divided, and the building density is calculated separately for each evaluation unit.

[0135] ③ Building distance Db: This indicator is an indicator where the larger the value, the better. Taking 3 times the warning distance of the most sensitive bird species in the evaluation area as the protection area radius k, the minimum suitable distance of the building distance is k. The warning distance of the little egret is generally 50m, and the value of k is taken as 150m. The extreme difference method is used to perform extreme difference processing on the building distance.

[0136] ④ Human activity distance Dp: This indicator is an indicator where the larger the value, the better. It is characterized by the distance Dp between the road location required for human activities and the bird habitat. Taking the alert distance of water birds as the minimum suitable value, which is set to 50m in this embodiment. The extreme difference method is used to perform extreme difference processing on the human activity distance.

[0137] ⑤ Light intensity L: This indicator is an indicator where the smaller the value, the better. After simulating the light intensity after completion and spatially quantifying the light intensity in the research area, the extreme difference method is used to perform extreme difference processing on the light intensity in the evaluation area.

[0138] ⑥ Noise intensity N: This indicator is an indicator where the smaller the value, the better. The simulated noise decibel number after the project is completed is used as the evaluation data, and the equivalent continuous A sound level of 50dB(A) is used as the maximum allowable value for extreme difference processing.

[0139] ⑥ Noise intensity N: This indicator is an indicator where the smaller the value, the better. The simulated noise decibel number after the project is completed is used as the evaluation data, and the equivalent continuous A sound level of 50dB(A) is used as the maximum allowable value for extreme difference processing.

[0140] Step S3, evaluate the planned buildings in different areas of the research area.

[0141] Specifically, to eliminate the influence of the index dimension and nature on the calculation results, the extreme difference method is used to process each index into a value between [0, 1], the Delphi method is used to determine the weight of each index, and the Avian Flight Safety Index (AFSI) is constructed by weighted summation.

[0142] Step S4, adjust the planned buildings.

[0143] Specifically, after spatially mapping the flight safety index of the evaluation area based on the flight safety index calculated in step S2, the areas with an AFSI score < 0.5 are identified, and their building height, density and other indicators are corrected. Using the warning distance of the target protected bird, the little egret, with the reserved flight corridor as the center, different buffer zones are demarcated at intervals of 50 m. Combining the take-off angle α = 30° of the little egret as a parameter, control objectives are set for new construction projects in the area, and a new safe flight space or passage is constructed during the urban construction process in the surrounding area or when there are urban renewal opportunities, so as to ensure the flight safety space for birds in the built-up area to a certain extent.

[0144] Through the above process, the embodiment of the present invention constructs a scientific evaluation system for the flight safety index of birds by comprehensively considering the impacts of urban buildings and human activities on the flight safety of birds. For the high-density coastal urban area of Shenzhen Bay, the solution effectively identifies sensitive birds and their key habitats, proposes targeted improvement measures for the built-up area, and provides a flight safety index evaluation tool for new construction projects, which helps to protect the flight space of birds to the greatest extent. In the case of the undeveloped area of Shunde, Foshan, the solution provides an ecological orientation for the development of the industrial park through the combination of current situation investigation and planning, ensuring the harmonious coexistence of bird activities and industrial development. Generally speaking, this solution not only improves the level of urban biodiversity protection, but also promotes the construction of an ecological city, provides a scientific basis for urban planning and management, and helps to achieve the harmonious coexistence and sustainable development of humans and nature.

[0145] Compared with the related technologies, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0146] 1. First, the present invention determines evaluation indicators including building height, building density, building distance, human activity distance, light intensity, and noise intensity by investigating and screening birds in the target city and combining the characteristics of urban buildings and human activities. These indicators are used to evaluate the impact of the urban environment on the flight safety of birds. Then, the range method is used to standardize the evaluation indicator values, and the Delphi method is used to determine the weights of each indicator. Based on these weights, the evaluation indicator values are weighted and summed to obtain the value of the Avian Flight Safety Index (AFSI) of the target city. This step realizes the quantitative evaluation of the avian flight safety status in the city. Then, on the ArcGIS platform, the evaluation indicator values are converted into raster layers and spatially overlaid according to the weights to generate the AFSI distribution map of the avian flight safety index. This distribution map intuitively shows the avian flight safety status in different regions of the city. According to the AFSI distribution map, target areas that do not meet the safety requirements are identified. For the built-up areas, the evaluation indicators that can be improved are optimized; for the planned areas to be built, in combination with the warning distance and take-off angle of the target birds, the building height and density are adjusted, and flight corridors are reserved. This step aims to improve the avian flight safety in the city through targeted improvement measures. By constructing an evaluation index system and a quantitative evaluation method, a quantitative index (AFSI value) of the avian flight safety status in the city is obtained. Through the spatial analysis and visualization technology of the ArcGIS platform, the spatial distribution and grading of the avian flight safety status in the city are realized, providing a scientific basis for urban planning and management, and solving the problem that the flight safety of birds is seriously threatened in the process of urbanization.

[0147] 2. The present invention can improve the avian flight safety: By comprehensively considering the impact of buildings and human activities in the target city on the avian flight safety, this solution can identify areas that pose potential threats to the avian flight and take corresponding improvement measures. This helps to reduce the conflict between birds and the urban environment and improve the survival rate and flight safety of birds.

[0148] 3. The present invention can promote the construction of an ecological city: This solution incorporates avian flight safety into the consideration scope of urban planning, emphasizing the importance of ecological protection. By optimizing the urban spatial layout, adjusting the building height and density, reserving flight corridors, etc., the construction of an ecological city can be promoted, and the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature can be achieved.

[0149] 4. The present invention can enhance the urban biodiversity: Birds are an important part of the urban ecosystem and play an important role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity. By protecting the avian flight safety, this solution helps to maintain the urban biodiversity and enhance the ecological value of the city.

[0150] 5. The present invention can enhance the public's awareness of environmental protection: The implementation of this solution requires the participation and support of the public. By popularizing knowledge about bird protection and promoting the concept of ecological city construction, the public's awareness of environmental protection can be enhanced, and a good atmosphere of the whole society jointly paying attention to ecological protection can be promoted.

[0151] 6. The present invention can provide a scientific basis for urban planning: This solution provides a scientific basis for urban planning by quantitatively evaluating the flight safety status of birds. Urban planners can reasonably plan the urban spatial layout according to the AFSI distribution map to avoid causing unnecessary interference to bird habitats and flight paths.

[0152] 7. The present invention can promote sustainable development: This solution pays attention to ecological balance and environmental protection, which is in line with the concept of sustainable development. By protecting the flight safety of birds, it helps to promote the sustainable development of the city and achieve the coordinated development of economy, society and environment.

[0153] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings are shown sequentially according to the indication of the arrows, these steps do not necessarily need to be executed sequentially according to the order indicated by the arrows. Unless there is a clear description in this article, the execution of these steps has no strict order limit, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages do not necessarily need to be executed at the same moment, but can be executed at different moments, and their execution order does not necessarily need to be sequential, but can be executed alternately or in turn with at least a part of other steps or sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0154] The above are only partial embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban spaces, characterized in that: The method comprises: Survey and screen birds according to the characteristics of the target city to determine the target birds, and obtain evaluation index values ​​according to the buildings and human activities in the target city; the evaluation indexes include building height, building density, building distance, human activity distance, light intensity and noise intensity; The evaluation index values ​​are standardized by using the range method, the weights of the evaluation indexes are determined by using the Delphi method, and the evaluation index values ​​are weighted and summed based on the weights to obtain the bird flight safety index AFS I value of the target city; In the ArcGIS platform, the evaluation index values ​​are converted into raster layers and spatially superimposed according to the weights to generate a bird flight safety index AFS I distribution map, and the target area in the target city that does not meet the requirements is obtained according to the AFS I distribution map; For the built-up areas in the target area, the changeable indicators in the evaluation indicators are improved. For the planned areas to be built in the target area, the building height and density are adjusted in combination with the warning distance and take-off angle of the target birds, and flight corridors are reserved.

2. The method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: According to the impact of buildings and human activities in the target city on the flight of target birds, an evaluation index system is constructed by selecting smaller-is-better indicators and larger-is-better indicators; the smaller-is-better indicators include building height, building density, light intensity and noise intensity, and the larger-is-better indicators include building distance and human activity distance.

3. The method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The standard maximum value of the building height is calculated as follows: H max =D b ·cotα; Among them, D b is the actual distance between the take-off position of the target bird and the building, and α is the maximum take-off angle of the target bird, ranging from 10° to 30°.

4. The method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standard minimum value of the building distance is 3 times the most sensitive bird warning distance of the target city.

5. The method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The quantification of the light intensity is obtained by using nighttime light remote sensing data or by simulating light data of built-up areas; the remote sensing data includes NPP-VII RS and DMSP-OLS data.

6. The method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The noise intensity is quantified by using the measured noise decibel number or the noise data of the simulated built-up area, and the standard maximum value is 50dB(A) of the equivalent continuous A sound level.

7. The method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban space as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The method of using the range method to standardize the evaluation index value includes: For the larger the better type indicator, the standardized calculation formula is as follows: For the smaller the better type of indicator, the standardized calculation formula is as follows: Among them, Z represents the standardized index value, I max Indicates the standard maximum value of the indicator, I min Indicates the standard minimum value of the indicator, I value Indicates the current value of the indicator.

8. The method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The evaluation index values ​​are converted into raster layers in the ArcGIS platform and spatially superimposed according to the weights to generate a bird flight safety index AFS I distribution map, including: Preprocessing and rasterizing the evaluation index values ​​in the ArcGIS platform, and generating a raster layer of uniform resolution through interpolation or conversion tools; Each of the grids is standardized to between 0 and 1 by applying the range method, and the AFS I value of each grid is obtained by weighted summing of the grids according to the weights to generate a bird flight safety index AFS I distribution map.

9. The method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the target area in the target city that does not meet the requirements according to the AFSI distribution map includes: According to the AFS I distribution map, the target city is divided into four safety status levels; the area with an AFS I value higher than 0.75 is safe, the area with an AFS I value between 0.5 and 0.75 is relatively safe, the area with an AFS I value between 0.25 and 0.5 is unsafe, and the area with an AFS I value lower than or equal to 0.25 is very unsafe; On the AFSI distribution map, different areas are marked with different colors or symbols according to the levels, and areas with unsafe and very unsafe levels are regarded as target areas that do not meet safety requirements.

10. The method for evaluating the flight safety of birds in urban space as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the building height and density in combination with the warning distance and take-off angle of the target birds includes: A buffer zone is demarcated with a spacing of 50 m based on the warning distance of the target bird, and the building control height line of the buffer zone is calculated according to the take-off angle α of the target bird; The calculation formula of the building control height line is as follows: H control =D b ·cotα; Among them, D b is the actual distance between the take-off position of the target bird and the building, and α is the maximum take-off angle of the target bird, ranging from 10° to 30°.

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