Public transport accessibility evaluation method for setting resident travel points by using ArcGIS

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of traffic planning, in particular to a public traffic reachability evaluation method for setting resident trip points by utilizing ArcGIS, which comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a resident trip fishing net model and a public traffic network model, and then combining a GIS spatial analysis tool and utilizing evaluation indexes to evaluate the resident trip points. Spatial calculation is carried out on the accessibility of urban residents to arrive at activity places by utilizing public transportation, and finally the change condition of the resident travel accessibility of the whole public transportation network is analyzed. According to the method, an ArcGIS space analysis tool is utilized, the change condition of traffic accessibility is evaluated and analyzed from the perspective of resident travel points, the defects of traditional traffic accessibility analysis are overcome, meanwhile, a faster and more convenient analysis way is provided for traffic accessibility analysis, finally traffic accessibility data are visually displayed, and the traffic accessibility analysis efficiency is improved. And the reachability data analysis efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of traffic planning, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the public transport accessibility by setting residential trip points using ArcGIS. Background Art

[0002] The rapid growth of residents' travel demand has led to an increasing number of private car trips. How to improve the public transport sharing rate is the key to solving a series of traffic problems such as current traffic congestion and road network paralysis. As one of the indicators for evaluating the quality of urban road networks, traffic accessibility plays a crucial role in analyzing such problems.

[0003] Currently, traffic accessibility research is mainly divided into two categories. One is to study the impact of accessibility on land use, production and life, and this research direction can better provide guarantees for medical care, entertainment, residential location selection, etc. The other is to evaluate the accessibility of urban public transport stations and lines.

[0004] Most of the existing accessibility research is carried out with lines and stations as the objects, while there is less research on public transport accessibility from the perspective of residents' trips. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the public transport accessibility by setting residential trip points using ArcGIS, aiming to use the ArcGIS spatial analysis tool to evaluate and analyze the changes in traffic accessibility from the perspective of residential trip points and solve the problem of insufficient traditional traffic accessibility analysis.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the public transport accessibility by setting residential trip points using ArcGIS, including the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Obtain the longitude and latitude coordinates of existing public transport stations and lines, and construct a public transport network model;

[0008] Step 2: Divide traffic zones and generate a residential trip fishing net model;

[0009] Step 3: Calculate the number of traffic stations within the specified range of each residential trip point based on the station accessibility of the trip point;

[0010] Step 4: Calculate the minimum cost between each residential trip point on the network model;

[0011] Step 5: Calculate the number of traffic stations that a residential trip point can reach on the network model;

[0012] Step 6: Use inverse distance weighted spatial interpolation to draw a traffic accessibility visualization data map.

[0013] Optionally, during the execution of Step 1, obtain the longitude and latitude coordinates of public transportation stations and routes through the Amap API, and import them into ArcGIS to convert them into vector data.

[0014] Optionally, in Step 2, divide traffic zones based on multiple features, including the land use nature, economy, and population quantity of the corresponding research area, and use the fishnet tool in GIS to insert trip points every 500m within each traffic zone to simulate the starting points of residents, forming a resident travel fishnet model.

[0015] Optionally, the station accessibility of trip points in Step 3 includes the accessibility of conventional bus stations and rail transit stations. The station density within a certain range of residents is used to measure the accessibility of conventional bus stations and subway stations, and it is obtained after normalizing the accessible distance from trip points to public transportation stations.

[0016] Optionally, in Step 5, the range that a traveler can reach using public transportation within a given time is defined as the maximum accessible range A of the trip point ij , and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] where S i represents the accessibility of community i within a unit time, and the larger the value, the more convenient the transportation; A i represents the radiation area of community i within a unit time, measured using geometric calculations under the Mercator projection, with the unit of m 2 ; n represents the total number of all communities, with the unit of piece.

[0019] Optionally, in Step 6, use the inverse distance spatial interpolation method to calculate the corresponding raster data map, and finally use colors to distinguish and draw the traffic accessibility visualization data map.

[0020] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the public transportation accessibility of resident trip points using ArcGIS. First, establish a resident travel fishnet model and a public transportation network model, then combine GIS spatial analysis tools, use evaluation indicators to perform spatial calculations on the accessibility of urban residents using public transportation to reach activity locations, and finally analyze the changes in resident travel accessibility caused by the construction of the overall public transportation network. The present invention uses GIS spatial analysis tools to evaluate and analyze the changes in traffic accessibility from the perspective of resident trip points, making up for the deficiencies of traditional traffic accessibility analysis, providing a more rapid and convenient analysis method for traffic accessibility analysis, and finally visualizing the traffic accessibility data to improve the analysis efficiency of accessibility data. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the steps of a method for evaluating the public transport accessibility by setting residential travel points using ArcGIS according to the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] The following will describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0024] Term explanation: ArcGIS is a comprehensive geographic information system (GIS) software developed by Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) in the United States, mainly used for creating, managing, analyzing, and displaying geospatial data.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a method for evaluating the public transport accessibility by setting residential travel points using ArcGIS, including the following steps:

[0026] S1: Obtain the longitude and latitude coordinates of existing public transport stations and lines, and construct a public transport network model;

[0027] S2: Divide traffic zones and generate a residential travel fishing net model;

[0028] S3: Calculate the number of traffic stations within the specified range of each residential travel point based on the station accessibility of the travel point;

[0029] S4: Calculate the minimum cost between each residential travel point on the network model;

[0030] S5: Calculate the number of traffic stations that a residential travel point can reach on the network model;

[0031] S6: Use the inverse distance weighted spatial interpolation to draw a visual data map of traffic accessibility.

[0032] The following takes the public transport situation in Nanning City as a specific example for further illustration of the implementation steps:

[0033] Step S1 is the construction process of the public transport network model, specifically:

[0034] Use the API interface opened by Amap to developers to obtain the coordinate data of bus and subway stations in Nanning under the GCJ-02 coordinate system. First, it is necessary to obtain the names of all bus stations, lines, subway stations, and lines in Nanning through the 8684 website. After checking through the browser developer, it is found that the names of all bus stations in the city are located under the label with Html class="list clearfix". Use the xpath in the lxml parser to analyze the label, and then the names can be extracted and stored in a list. Store the returned longitude and latitude coordinate information as a CSV table using the Pandas library.

[0035] Due to the particularity of the geographical coordinates of Amap, the coordinates mentioned above are not entirely applicable for spatial analysis and processing in ArcGIS. The spatial geographical coordinate system provided by Amap is GCJ-02, which is generated by offsetting based on the US WGS-84 system, while ArcGIS only provides the CGCS coordinate system. Therefore, the coordinate data provided by Amap will have deviations in this platform. To make the data more rigorous and accurate, the conversion of the coordinate system will be implemented using Python to reduce the error between the coordinate system data. The specific formula is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] K = 1 - E(sin(180J GCJ / π)) 2

[0038] Among them, J represents the longitude coordinate of the WGS-84 coordinate system; W represents the latitude coordinate of the WGS-84 coordinate system; E represents the flattening of the earth, approximately taking 0.00669342; A represents the semi-major axis length of the earth, with a value of 6378245 kilometers.

[0039] Save the final result in Excel format, import the table in ArcGIS, right-click to add X,Y coordinate data, and use the longitude and latitude coordinate data in the table as X and Y respectively, so that it can be specifically displayed in the GIS in the form of vector data points and lines. Then export the data in the form of a shape file to construct the traffic network model of Nanning.

[0040] Step S2: Divide traffic zones and generate a residential travel fishing net model;

[0041] The urban center of Nanning straddles multiple urban districts such as Xingning District, Xixiangtang District, and Qingxiu District. According to the land use nature, economy, population quantity and other characteristics of the research area, it is divided into multiple sub-regions to quickly extract the truly needed information from the massive data. These sub-regions are called traffic zones.

[0042] Since the obtained transportation lines are mainly concentrated within the Naan Expressway, Nanning Ring Expressway, Outer Ring Expressway, and Nanyou Expressway, according to the traffic zone division principle, the urban area within this range is divided into 81 traffic zones.

[0043] Using the fishnet tool in GIS, travel points are inserted every 500m within each traffic zone to simulate the starting points of residents. A total of 1758 travel points are designed within the study area, and the resident travel fishnet model can be obtained.

[0044] Step S3: Calculate the number of transportation stations within the specified range of each resident travel point and substitute it into the evaluation index;

[0045] The station density within a certain range of residents is used to measure the accessibility of conventional bus stations and subway stations. The accessible distance from the travel point to the public transportation station is normalized to obtain the station accessibility based on the travel point.

[0046] Since the service range of conventional bus stations is relatively wide, there are different routes for travelers to choose at the same travel point. Existing research shows that Chinese residents are willing to accept a walking distance of 350 - 500m to the bus station. Therefore, 500m is taken as the service range of conventional bus stations for calculating station accessibility.

[0047] The average station distance of n stations within 500m of the travel point is used as the accessible distance of the travel point to the conventional bus station. Thus, we can obtain:

[0048]

[0049] In the formula: D ij is the accessible distance of the conventional bus station for travel point i, with the unit of m; n is the number of public transportation stations that can be selected within 500m of the travel point, with the unit of number; D ij is the distance from the travel point to bus station j among n conventional bus stations within 500m, with the unit of m.

[0050] The accessibility of the conventional bus station is:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula: A D-i is the accessibility of the conventional bus station for travel point i; D i is the accessible distance of the conventional bus station for travel point i, with the unit of m; m is the number of urban resident travel points, with the unit of number.

[0053] Since the distance between rail transit stations is inversely proportional to the radiation range, therefore, the distance between the travel point and the rail transit station with the shortest distance is used as the rail transit accessible distance.

[0054] r i = min{r i1 , r i2 ...}

[0055] where: r i is the accessible distance from the subway station at trip origin i, with the unit of m; r ij is the distance from the trip origin to subway station j, with the unit of m.

[0056] Then the accessibility of rail transit stations can be obtained as:

[0057]

[0058] where: A r-i is the accessibility of the subway station at trip origin i; r i is the accessible distance from the subway station at trip origin i, with the unit of m; m is the number of urban residents' trip origins, with the unit of number.

[0059] Step 4: Calculate the minimum cost between each resident trip origin on the network model and substitute it into the evaluation index;

[0060] Weighted travel time is an important method for measuring accessibility. The weighted average travel time can be used to evaluate the accessibility between trip origins. The time consumption of residents using various transportation means on the shortest path, that is, the shortest time consumption from a certain trip origin i to another trip origin j, is defined as the shortest accessible time of this OD pair ij, and this is used to measure the accessibility between trip origins. The unit is generally min. In addition, the accessibility of a station is also affected by relevant indicators such as the population quantity and economic development degree in the area where it is located. Considering the travel demand factor among the factors affecting traffic accessibility, the population density of each node is used as the weight and substituted, and the following calculation formula is obtained:

[0061]

[0062] where: A i is the accessibility of station i, which means the connection degree between station i and other stations. The larger its value, the worse the traffic convenience degree of this station, with the unit of min; S ij represents the shortest passing time between station i and station j, with the unit of min; P j represents the weight of station j. Generally speaking, it has a great relationship with the GDP and population quantity of this place. The population density can be used, with the unit of person / m 2 ; n represents the sum of the number of all bus stops, with the unit of number.

[0063] Step S5: Calculate the number of traffic stations that residents' trip origins can reach on the network model and substitute it into the evaluation index

[0064] Suppose a research area consists of n local areas, and each local area contains n trip points respectively. The travel range is used to measure the connectivity of a certain area in the global context, that is, the area that residents can reach by public transportation under a certain impedance. The range that travelers can reach by public transportation within a given time can be defined as the maximum reachable range A of the trip points ij , and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0065]

[0066] In the formula: S i represents the accessibility of community i within a unit time, and the larger the value, the more convenient the transportation; A i represents the radiation area of community i within a unit time, which is measured by geometric calculation under the Mercator projection, and the unit is m 2 ; n represents the total number of all communities, and the unit is pieces.

[0067] Step S6: Visualize the data graph

[0068] Bind the traffic accessibility data with the shapefile appropriate file of the research area in Nanning, and use the inverse distance spatial interpolation method to calculate the corresponding raster data graph, and finally perform color differentiation.

[0069] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0070] The present invention discloses a method for evaluating the public transportation accessibility of residents' trip points by using ArcGIS, which mainly uses the ArcGIS spatial analysis tool to evaluate and analyze the changes in traffic accessibility from the perspective of residents' trip points. This method not only makes up for the deficiencies of traditional traffic accessibility analysis, but also provides a more rapid and convenient analysis approach for traffic accessibility analysis, that is, directly importing longitude and latitude coordinates into ArcGIS for spatial analysis, so as to calculate and summarize the results by using evaluation indicators. At the same time, this method also visualizes the traffic accessibility data to improve the analysis efficiency of accessibility data.

[0071] The above-disclosed are only one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention. Of course, the scope of the rights of the present invention cannot be limited by this. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand all or part of the processes of implementing the above embodiments, and the equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope covered by the invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the accessibility of public transportation to residents' travel points using ArcGIS, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates of existing public transportation stations and routes, and build a public transportation network model; Step 2: Divide traffic zones and generate residents’ travel fishing net model; Step 3: Calculate the number of transportation stations within the specified range of each resident's travel point based on the station accessibility of the travel point; Step 4: Calculate the minimum cost between each resident's travel points on the network model; Step 5: Calculate the number of transportation stations that residents’ travel points can access on the network model; Step 6: Use the inverse distance weighted spatial difference to draw a visualization data map of traffic accessibility.

2. The public transportation accessibility evaluation method for setting resident travel points using ArcGIS as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: During the execution of step 1, the longitude and latitude coordinates of public transportation stations and routes are obtained through the Amap API and imported into ArcGIS to be converted into vector data.

3. The public transportation accessibility evaluation method for setting resident travel points using ArcGIS as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, the traffic zones are divided based on multiple features, including the land use nature, economy and population size of the corresponding study area. The fishing net tool in GIS is used to insert travel points every 500m in each traffic zone to simulate the starting points of residents and form a fishing net model of resident travel.

4. The public transportation accessibility evaluation method for setting resident travel points using ArcGIS as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The station accessibility of the travel point in step 3 includes the accessibility of regular bus stations and rail bus stations. The station density within a certain range of residents is used to measure the accessibility of regular bus stations and subway stations, and the accessible distance from the travel point to the public transportation station is normalized to obtain the value.

5. The public transportation accessibility evaluation method for setting resident travel points using ArcGIS as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In step 4, accessibility is measured by weighted travel time, that is, the weighted average travel time is used to evaluate the accessibility between travel points, and the time consumption of various means of transportation on the shortest path is defined as the shortest accessible time between corresponding points.

6. The method for evaluating public transportation accessibility of residents' travel points using ArcGIS as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In step 5, the range that the traveler can reach using public transportation within a given time is defined as the maximum reachable range A of the travel point ij , the calculation formula is as follows: Where S i It indicates the accessibility of community i in unit time. The larger the value, the more convenient the traffic. i Represents the radiation area of ​​cell i per unit time, measured by geometric calculation under Mercator projection, in m 2 ; n represents the total number of all cells, in units.

7. The method for evaluating public transportation accessibility of residents' travel points using ArcGIS as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step 6, the inverse distance spatial difference method is used to calculate the corresponding raster data map, and finally color differentiation is used to draw a traffic accessibility visualization data map.

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