A geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches

Abstract

The present invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large-drop trenches, comprising a plurality of dynamic monitoring devices, which are arranged on the trench along the trench extension direction and at intervals of a first preset distance; each dynamic monitoring device comprises a slide rail module, a sliding monitoring module and a reset module; the slide rail module is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the trench; the sliding monitoring module is slidably connected to the slide rail module, and is used to slide along the slide rail module under the action of external disaster forces, and monitor geological disaster information during the sliding process; one end of the reset module is connected to the sliding monitoring module, and the other end is fixed to the preset position of the slide rail module, and is used to drive the sliding monitoring module to return to the initial position after the external disaster force disappears. When subjected to the impact of external disaster forces, the present application releases the impact energy through controllable displacement under the coordinated action of the guiding function of the slide rail module and the deformation buffering function of the reset module, thereby preventing the sliding monitoring module from tipping over and being damaged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of geological disaster monitoring, and in particular relates to a geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches. Background Art

[0002] In the high and cold mountainous areas of the plateau, perennial snow cover and extreme diurnal temperature swings combine to create intense freeze-thaw cycles and glacial erosion, accelerating rock weathering and fragmentation, significantly weakening slope stability and easily triggering complex geological hazards such as glacial debris flows, mudslides, avalanches, and rockfall. Deep troughs with vertical height differences exceeding 1,000 meters and slopes greater than 45° are particularly prone to significant water collection. Sustained heavy rainfall or snowstorms can easily trigger geological disasters, leading to large-scale debris accumulations at the trough exits, jeopardizing the safety of pedestrians.

[0003] At present, the monitoring devices for landslide disasters in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas mainly install sensors that detect changes in different data (such as GNSS, inclination sensors or accelerometers) at different positions on the slope. After independently collecting displacement, inclination and vibration data, they are manually or remotely transmitted to the central station for integrated processing.

[0004] However, in existing technologies, the deployment locations of monitoring devices often fail to accurately cover key areas where disasters breed, making it difficult to capture early characteristic signals of disaster evolution, and the timeliness and accuracy of early warnings are insufficient. At the same time, multi-source sensor systems lack intelligent coordination mechanisms and have significant defects under the influence of strong dynamic disasters such as debris flows and avalanches: on the one hand, sensors are prone to unexpected displacements exceeding the design threshold, causing the monitoring area to be off-target and destroying data continuity; on the other hand, equipment tipping or mechanical damage can cause sensor function failure, requiring frequent manual intervention and maintenance, which not only significantly increases operation and maintenance costs, but also seriously restricts the sustainable operation of the monitoring device. This technical bottleneck of improper location selection, insufficient system coordination, and weak damage resistance has seriously weakened the actual effectiveness of the monitoring device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches.

[0006] The present invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring system suitable for a large drop trench, comprising a plurality of dynamic monitoring devices, wherein the plurality of dynamic monitoring devices are arranged on the trench along the trench extension direction and at intervals of a first preset distance;

[0007] Each dynamic monitoring device includes a slide rail module, a sliding monitoring module and a reset module;

[0008] The slide rail module is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the groove;

[0009] The sliding monitoring module is slidably connected to the slide rail module, and is used to slide along the slide rail module under the action of external disaster force and monitor geological disaster information during the sliding process;

[0010] One end of the reset module is connected to the sliding monitoring module, and the other end is fixed to a preset position of the slide rail module, and is used to drive the sliding monitoring module to return to its initial position after the external force of the disaster disappears.

[0011] Preferably, the sliding monitoring module includes a sliding unit, a supporting unit connected to the sliding unit, and a plurality of monitoring units;

[0012] The sliding unit is slidably connected to the slide rail module, and is used to carry the support unit and drive the support unit to slide along the slide rail module under the action of external force of a disaster;

[0013] The multiple monitoring units are all fixedly connected to the support unit and are respectively used to monitor different geological disaster information of the support unit during the sliding process.

[0014] Preferably, the support unit comprises a straightening subunit and a multi-section hinged column subunit;

[0015] The multi-section hinged column subunit is connected to the sliding unit and is used to fold under the action of external force of a disaster to prevent the column subunit from breaking;

[0016] Multiple monitoring units are respectively fixedly connected to the preset column sub-units;

[0017] The straightening subunit is connected to the side walls of every two adjacent column subunits and is used to restore the folded multi-section column subunits to an upright state when the external force of the disaster is removed.

[0018] Preferably, the slide rail module includes a guide rail unit, a top cover unit, and an empty slot unit with an open side facing the sky;

[0019] The empty slot unit is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the groove, and the sliding unit and the guide rail unit are both arranged inside the empty slot unit;

[0020] The guide rail unit is slidably connected to the slide unit, and is used to guide the slide unit to slide inside the empty slot unit along the extension direction of the guide rail unit;

[0021] The top cover unit covers the opening and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support unit, so as to always cover the opening when the sliding unit drives the support unit to slide.

[0022] Preferably, the reset module includes a limiting unit and an elastic unit with one end connected to the limiting unit;

[0023] The limiting unit is fixed at a preset position of the guide rail unit and is used to limit the telescopic range of the elastic unit;

[0024] The other end of the elastic unit is connected to the sliding unit and is used to drive the sliding unit to return to its initial position after the external force of the disaster disappears.

[0025] Preferably, the reset module further includes a guide unit;

[0026] The limiting unit is provided with a through hole;

[0027] The guide unit is axially arranged inside the elastic unit, and one end of the guide unit is connected to the sliding unit, and the other end corresponds to the size and position of the through hole, which is used to guide the elastic unit to expand and contract along the extension direction of the guide unit.

[0028] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large drop trenches further includes a plurality of stabilizing devices and a plurality of pressure monitoring modules;

[0029] Each stabilizing device is respectively connected between two adjacent dynamic monitoring devices;

[0030] The multiple pressure monitoring modules are fixed on any one of the stabilizing devices and are used to monitor geological disasters based on pressure signals.

[0031] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large drop trenches further includes a vibration monitoring module and a temperature and humidity monitoring module;

[0032] The vibration monitoring module is disposed on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone and is a second preset distance away from the stabilizing device located at the most upstream of the trench, and is used to monitor geological disasters based on vibration signals;

[0033] The temperature and humidity monitoring module is fixed at a preset position of any stabilizing device and is used to monitor geological disasters based on temperature and humidity data;

[0034] The surfaces of the pressure monitoring module, the vibration monitoring module and the monitoring unit are all provided with protective covers.

[0035] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large drop trenches further includes a meteorological monitoring module;

[0036] The meteorological monitoring module is arranged on the slope surface on either side of the groove and is electrically connected to each sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, vibration monitoring module and temperature and humidity monitoring module respectively, and is used to monitor geological disasters based on meteorological data, and perform geological disaster assessment based on the monitoring results of at least two monitoring modules among each sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, vibration monitoring module and temperature and humidity monitoring module.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) This application utilizes the slide rail module to constrain the sliding direction of the sliding monitoring module and filter lateral interference, and the reset module to force the sliding monitoring module to return to its initial position after each external force is applied, thereby preventing the sliding monitoring module from affecting the next disaster monitoring due to uncontrollable displacement beyond the monitoring range;

[0039] (2) This application constructs a dual anti-tilt protection mechanism by connecting the reset module with the sliding monitoring module: in a normal monitoring scenario without external forces acting as disasters, the preload of the reset module can effectively maintain the vertical stability of the monitoring unit, preventing the sliding monitoring module from slowly tipping over due to geological micro-deformation or other normal natural phenomena; when encountering sudden disaster external forces such as mudslides and avalanches, the guiding function of the slide module and the deformation buffering function of the reset module work together to release the impact energy through controllable displacement, preventing the sliding monitoring module from tipping over and being damaged;

[0040] (3) This application fixes multiple monitoring units on the support unit of the sliding monitoring module, uses the support unit to carry and transmit the displacement trajectory, and enables the different displacement data collected by multiple monitoring units to be correlated and analyzed under a unified time and space reference, eliminating the time and space deviation caused by the independent installation of multiple monitoring units. In addition, this application realizes full-scale monitoring from millimeter-level micro-deformation to meter-level sliding through multi-data collaborative monitoring and data fusion, breaking through the limitations of independent monitoring of a single parameter;

[0041] (4) This application selected the bedrock surface in the transition zone of the gully deposits as the deployment site. Taking advantage of the geographical characteristics of the high-altitude bedrock surface, gentle slope and shallow deposits in this area, a disaster monitoring system was constructed. This system can effectively monitor the real-time situation of natural disasters such as avalanches, debris flows, and rockfalls in steep valleys. This solves the problems of high survey costs and delayed disaster response in traditional deployment methods, and achieves early warning and real-time capture of typical disasters in steep gullies.

[0042] (5) This application designs a multi-section hinged column sub-unit so that the support unit can be folded under the action of external forces caused by disasters, and automatically restores the upright state through the straightening sub-unit after the external forces of the disaster are removed, thereby avoiding the fracture of the column sub-unit and ensuring the return of the monitoring unit to its original position, taking into account both structural safety and data reliability;

[0043] (6) This application adopts a combined design of the slot unit and the top cover unit of the slide rail module. The guide rail unit is embedded in the slot unit to guide the directional movement of the sliding monitoring module. The top cover unit covers the opening of the slot unit and moves synchronously with the support unit to prevent external deposits from invading the interior of the slot unit, thereby ensuring the long-term stable operation of the guide rail unit and the slide unit.

[0044] (7) This application adds a guide unit to the reset module and passes through the elastic unit to constrain the elastic unit to only expand and contract along the axial direction of the guide rail, thereby eliminating the trajectory deviation caused by the lateral bending of the spring during the reset process and improving the directional accuracy and stability of the reset of the sliding monitoring module;

[0045] (8) This application forms a monitoring network by adding a stabilizing device arranged between two adjacent dynamic monitoring devices, and installing a pressure monitoring module, a temperature and humidity monitoring module, and a vibration monitoring module on multiple stabilizing devices, thereby expanding the monitoring coverage density, adapting to irregular terrain characteristics, and enhancing the spatial resolution capability of the disaster evolution process;

[0046] (9) This application integrates the sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, temperature and humidity monitoring module, and vibration monitoring module to achieve real-time aggregation and cross-validation of multi-source disaster parameters, build a full-dimensional disaster warning model, and improve decision-making reliability;

[0047] (10) This application realizes three-dimensional monitoring and remote transmission of disaster parameters by setting up a meteorological monitoring module on the slope to aggregate multi-source data, avoids the risk of data lag caused by manual inspections, and ensures the all-weather operation of the monitoring system in extreme environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a front view of the device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 is an overall structural diagram of the reset module in Example 1;

[0050] Figure 3 1 is an overall structural diagram of the support unit, the sliding unit and the reset module in Example 1;

[0051] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection between the pulley and the U-shaped guide rail in Example 1;

[0052] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the position of the spring front end limit plate in Example 1;

[0053] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the stable monitoring device and the dynamic monitoring device in Example 1;

[0054] Figure 7Schematic diagram of the installation positions of the pressure monitoring module and the vibration monitoring module in Example 1;

[0055] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the fixing method of the pressure monitoring module in Example 1;

[0056] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the fixing method of the vibration monitoring module in Example 1;

[0057] Figure 10 It is a structural diagram of the meteorological monitoring module;

[0058] In the figure, 1 is the bedrock surface of the transition zone of the trench deposit; 101 is the first fixed expansion screw; 2 is the left slope; 3 is the right slope; 4 is the rectangular groove; 5 is the support unit; 500 is the lightning rod; 501 is the GNSS protective cover; 502 is the rectangular tube body; 503 is the second hanging ring; 504 is the double-headed spring hook; 505 is the first hanging ring; 506 is the rotary joint; 507 is the connecting screw; 508 is the first tightening screw; 6 is the horizontal support square tube; 600 is the slide support base; 601 is the return spring; 602 is the spring guide tube; 603 is the spring end stop plate; 604 is the U-shaped guide rail; 605 is the pulley support side plate; 606 is the pulley; 607 is the connecting bolt; 608 is the fixing screw; 609 is the spring front end stop plate; 7 is the pressure sensor; 701 is the pressure sensor protective cover; 702 is the first chemical bolt; 703 is the second tightening screw; 704 is the pressure sensor threading hole; 8 is the soil temperature and humidity sensor; 9 is the threading tube; 10 is the vibration sensor; 1001 is the vibration sensor protection Cover; 1002 is the second fixed expansion screw; 1003 is the second chemical bolt; 11 is a solitary stone; 12 is a hollow square tube; 13 is a protective cover; 14 is backfill soil; 15 is concrete; 16 is a weather monitoring module; 1601 is a vertical pole; 1602 is a rain gauge; 1603 is an anemometer; 1604 is a multi-function shutter box; 1605 is the power supply system for the fill light; 1606 is the fill light; 1607 is a camera; 1608 is a power supply data transceiver control box; 1609 is a solar panel bracket; 1610 is a solar panel Solar panel; 1611 is the wind vane; 1612 is the voltage controller; 1613 is the lithium battery pack; 1614 is the data conversion module; 1615 is the data transceiver; 1616 is the data switch; 17 is the rectangular wire conduit; 18 is the right-angle clip; 19 is the top cover unit; 1901 is the upstream rectangular slot guard plate; 1902 is the downstream rectangular slot guard plate; 20 is the opening; 21 is the inclination sensor; 22 is the acceleration sensor; 23 is the equipment protective cover; 24 is the cable threading hole; 25 is the GNSS monitoring station. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In the following description, specific details such as particular system structures and techniques are provided for purposes of illustration, not limitation, to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.

[0060] The present invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring system suitable for a large drop trench, comprising a plurality of dynamic monitoring devices, wherein the plurality of dynamic monitoring devices are arranged on the trench along the trench extension direction and at intervals of a first preset distance;

[0061] like Figure 1 In the embodiment 1 shown, the multiple dynamic monitoring devices may also be designed in a matrix format, that is, each row and each column has a preset number of dynamic monitoring devices;

[0062] Each dynamic monitoring device includes a slide rail module, a sliding monitoring module and a reset module;

[0063] The slide rail module is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the groove; preferably, the slide rail module can be a protective trough body with a built-in guide rail, consisting of a rigid outer trough and an internal guide rail, the outer trough provides protection, and the inner rail ensures sliding accuracy; it can also be a base-fixed guide rail, which is installed on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone through anchors.

[0064] Preferably, the preset geological zone is the groove deposit transition zone. In the alpine areas, the oblique photography model combined with the geological model is used to select the bedrock surface 1 of the groove deposit transition zone as the layout location of the dynamic monitoring device. Through model pre-screening, the survey route can be optimized and the manpower and equipment investment can be reduced.

[0065] In steeply dipping trenches with large drop heights, the trench-deposit transition zone serves as the dynamic equilibrium interface between the erosion zone and the accumulation zone. Its bedrock surface is typically approximately 600 meters above the trench entrance, forming a relatively gently sloping section of exposed bedrock. Because the bedrock surface directly supports geological hazard sources (such as landslides and debris flows), the velocity of these sources increases significantly. However, due to the energy regulation of the steep-slope transition zone, the sediment thickness is generally thin (typically less than 0.2 meters), and the trench-deposit transition zone extends only 20 to 50 meters longitudinally. As the dynamic equilibrium interface between the erosion zone and the accumulation zone, the sediment transport flux and accumulation rate within the trench-deposit transition zone are in a critical equilibrium. Therefore, the trench-deposit transition zone, as a sensitive area, can promptly detect early signs of natural disasters upstream of the trench, providing early warning signals to construction sites or residential areas downstream at the trench entrance, facilitating early evacuation.

[0066] The sliding monitoring module is slidably connected to the slide rail module and is used to slide along the slide rail module under the action of external disaster forces and monitor geological disaster information during the sliding process;

[0067] Preferably, the sliding monitoring module includes a sliding unit, a support unit 5 connected to the sliding unit, and a plurality of monitoring units;

[0068] Preferably, the support unit 5 includes a straightening subunit and a multi-section hinged column subunit;

[0069] The multi-section hinged column sub-unit is connected to the sliding unit, which is used to fold under the action of external forces of disasters to prevent the column sub-unit from breaking;

[0070] Multiple monitoring units are respectively fixedly connected to the preset column sub-units;

[0071] The straightening subunit is connected to the side walls of every two adjacent column subunits and is used to restore the folded multi-section column subunits to an upright state when the external force of the disaster is removed.

[0072] The sliding unit is slidably connected to the slide rail module, and is used to carry the support unit 5 and drive the support unit 5 to slide along the slide rail module under the action of external force of the disaster;

[0073] Multiple monitoring units are fixedly connected to the support unit 5 and are respectively used to monitor different geological disaster information during the sliding process of the support unit 5. Preferably, the monitoring units include an acceleration sensor 22, an inclination sensor 21, and a GNSS monitoring station 25 electrically connected to the remote terminal, each of which is used to measure corresponding data of the support unit 5 during the sliding process and transmit it to the remote terminal.

[0074] Preferably, the acceleration sensor 22, the tilt sensor 21 and the GNSS monitoring station 25 can be arranged on the same section column sub-unit or on different section column sub-units.

[0075] This invention secures multiple monitoring units to a single support unit (5). Spatially, all sensors use the module's current position as a common origin, with displacement, inclination, and vibration data derived from the same rigid body motion. Temporally, module movement triggers synchronous acquisition, ensuring data axis alignment. This coupling mechanism ensures strict correlation of monitoring parameters across different scales (millimeter to meter) and frequency bands (static displacement and high-frequency vibration), avoiding errors caused by spatial and temporal asynchrony when independent data is collected.

[0076] Preferably, the slide rail module includes a guide rail unit, a top cover unit 19 and an empty slot unit with an opening 20 on the side facing the sky;

[0077] The empty slot unit is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the trench, and the sliding unit and the guide rail unit are both arranged inside the empty slot unit;

[0078] The guide rail unit is slidably connected to the slide unit and is used to guide the slide unit to slide inside the empty slot unit along the extension direction of the guide rail unit;

[0079] The top cover unit 19 covers the opening 20 and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support unit 5 so as to always cover the opening 20 when the sliding unit drives the support unit 5 to slide.

[0080] The present invention slidingly connects the sliding monitoring module with the slide rail module, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0081] (1) The sliding monitoring module is restricted to slide only along the slide rail module to avoid lateral deviation and instability of the monitoring unit;

[0082] (2) The slide rail module provides a smooth sliding reference surface for the sliding monitoring module, eliminating the interference of uneven ground on displacement measurement;

[0083] (3) The slide rail module evenly transfers the weight of the sliding monitoring module and the impact force of the disaster to the foundation to prevent local stress concentration from causing structural deformation (for example, if it slides directly on the ground, local rock and soil collapse will cause the sliding monitoring module to overturn);

[0084] (4) The slide rail module extends in the upstream and downstream directions, so that the displacement of the sliding monitoring module directly reflects the movement under the external force of the real disaster (if it slides freely, the displacement direction may be distorted by the interference of secondary external forces);

[0085] (5) Convert the external force of the disaster into controllable axial motion, providing a stable motion reference for multiple monitoring units to facilitate displacement monitoring.

[0086] Taking Example 1 as an example, the structures of the slide rail module and the sliding monitoring module of each dynamic monitoring device are described in turn:

[0087] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the empty slot unit of the slide rail module is a rectangular slot 4, and the guide rail unit is two rows of U-shaped guide rails 604;

[0088] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the two ends of the rectangular groove 4 extend in the upstream and downstream directions of the groove, and the length can be customized according to the actual situation on site. The material of the rectangular groove 4 must have rust resistance, low temperature resistance and high strength to meet the installation requirements of the bedrock surface 1 in the transition zone of the groove deposit and ensure structural stability and durability under complex geological conditions.

[0089] Further, such as Figure 3As shown, the side of the rectangular groove 4 facing the sky is an opening 20, and the width and length of the opening 20 are smaller than the side of the rectangular groove 4 away from the sky. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional width of the rectangular groove 4 is 0.25 meters, the depth is 0.15 meters, and the length is 2 meters. The width of the opening 20 is 0.2 meters and the length is 0.7 meters.

[0090] like Figure 2 As shown, inside the rectangular groove 4, two rows of U-shaped guide rails 604 with a U-shaped longitudinal section are welded along the extending direction of the rectangular groove 4;

[0091] Specifically, both sides of the groove are sloped surfaces.

[0092] like Figure 4 As shown, the U-shaped notches of the two rows of U-shaped guide rails 604 face the corresponding slopes respectively. For ease of description, the two side walls of the U-shaped guide rail 604 facing the sky and the ground are respectively recorded as the top wall and the bottom wall.

[0093] In the sliding monitoring module of Example 1, the structure of the sliding unit is as follows:

[0094] like Figure 4 As shown, the sliding unit includes a slide supporting base 600 , pulleys 606 and pulley supporting side plates 605 .

[0095] Specifically, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the skateboard support base 600 is mounted at a preset height on the upper part of the top wall of the two rows of U-shaped guide rails 604, and the two pulley support side plates 605 are respectively welded on both sides of the skateboard support base 600. The two rows of pulleys 606 are correspondingly installed on each pulley support side plate 605 through connecting bolts 607, and are located between each pulley support side plate 605 and the corresponding U-shaped guide rail 604.

[0096] The following describes the positions of the two rows of pulleys 606 installed on any pulley supporting side plate 605 as an example:

[0097] like Figure 4 As shown, the pulleys 606 in the lower row are engaged with the U-shaped notch of the U-shaped guide rail 604 , and the pulleys 606 in the upper row are arranged on the top wall of the U-shaped guide rail 604 to ensure stable sliding of the skateboard support base 600 .

[0098] Under the action of external force of a disaster, the pulley 606 slides along the U-shaped guide rail 604 , driving the slide plate support base 600 to slide smoothly along the U-shaped guide rail 604 .

[0099] In the sliding monitoring module of Example 1, the structure of the support unit 5 is as follows:

[0100] like Figure 3As shown, the column subunit is a rectangular tube 502, and the alignment subunit includes a double-ended spring hook 504 and a first hanging ring 505. Preferably, in this embodiment, the support unit 5 also includes a rectangular upright base plate. The rectangular upright base plate and the multi-section rectangular tube 502 are arranged from bottom to top directly above the skateboard support base 600. The rectangular upright base plate is fixedly connected to the skateboard support base 600 via fixing screws 608, and the rectangular tube 502 is welded to the center and upper position of the rectangular upright base plate.

[0101] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, the rectangular tubes 502 are hinged by a rotating joint 506 or a hinge joint, and the joints of the side walls of each two adjacent rectangular tubes 502 are welded with a first hanging ring 505 and are tightened and fixed to each other by a double-headed spring hook 504.

[0102] In the present invention, the multi-section rectangular tube 502 is hingedly connected. When impacted by an avalanche or glacial debris flow, the multi-section rectangular tube 502 tilts in the direction of the force applied to prevent breakage. Once the impact force is removed, the double-ended spring hook 504 quickly straightens the rectangular tube 502 back to a vertical position. If the double-ended spring hook 504 becomes damaged, it can be replaced with a new one for restoration. This design not only ensures the recyclable use of the rectangular tube 502 but also significantly improves the economic benefits of the present invention.

[0103] In another embodiment, to facilitate disaster monitoring, elevation marks are placed every 0.2 meters on the multi-section rectangular tube body 502, and the accumulation height of disaster deposits can be accurately determined through video comparison.

[0104] In the sliding monitoring module of Example 1, the structure of the monitoring unit is as follows:

[0105] like Figure 3 As shown, in embodiment 1, the inclination sensor 21 and the acceleration sensor 22 are stacked from bottom to top, and are both arranged inside the rectangular groove 4 and fixedly connected to the skateboard support base 600 .

[0106] Preferably, in other embodiments, a device protective cover 23 is further provided, which is arranged inside the rectangular groove 4, and the cover is arranged on the inclination sensor 21 and the acceleration sensor 22, and is fixedly connected to the skateboard support base 600; specifically, a washer is welded on the side where the device protective cover 23 is connected to the skateboard support base 600, and the first tightening screw 508 passes through the holes on the washer, the skateboard support base 600 and the rectangular upright base in turn to fix the device protective cover 23, the skateboard support base 600 and the rectangular upright base.

[0107] Preferably, Figure 3As shown, the GNSS monitoring station 25 is located on the top rectangular tube 502, and is equipped with a GNSS protective cover 501. The GNSS protective cover 501 is internally connected to the GNSS monitoring station 25 via screws. The top of the GNSS protective cover 501 adopts a hollow structure to ensure unobstructed reception of satellite signals and guarantee data solution accuracy. Furthermore, the GNSS protective cover 501 is surrounded by strong ABS material, and the top of the GNSS protective cover 501 is approximately 0.05 meters lower than the phase center of the GNSS monitoring station 25, ensuring that satellite signals above 10° are not mechanically obstructed, effectively resisting external impacts such as flying rocks, and protecting the internal equipment.

[0108] like Figure 3 As shown, one side of the GNSS protective cover 501 close to the rectangular tube body 502 is fixedly connected to one end of the second hanging ring 503, and the other end of the second hanging ring 503 is connected to the double-headed spring hook 504, which is used to prevent the GNSS monitoring station 25 from falling and to reset it when the GNSS monitoring station 25 is offset.

[0109] Preferably, Figure 3 As shown, the equipment protective cover 23 is provided with cable threading holes 24 for the inclination sensor 21 and the acceleration sensor 22, and the GNSS protective cover 501 is also provided with corresponding threading holes for the GNSS monitoring station 25. The cables of the inclination sensor 21, the acceleration sensor 22 and the GNSS monitoring station 25 pass through the corresponding threading holes and are connected to the remote terminal to realize data transmission and aggregation.

[0110] In one embodiment, the data collected by the present invention can be manually observed and analyzed at regular intervals, or the sliding monitoring module can be connected to a remote terminal. The remote terminal can then accurately identify different types of geological hazards by comprehensively analyzing multi-source monitoring data. For example, GNSS displacement data can be obtained to analyze displacement rate and directional change characteristics. The accelerometer 22 captures high-frequency vibrations, and the inclination sensor 21 measures its own posture changes when subjected to external forces. By fusing and comparing multi-parameter data such as GNSS displacement, inclination, and acceleration, the remote terminal not only accurately identifies various types of hazards but also assesses their development stage and potential scope of harm.

[0111] In other embodiments, a lightning rod 500 is installed on the top rectangular tube 502 to prevent lightning strikes from damaging equipment.

[0112] The principle of using the GNSS monitoring station 25 to monitor displacement data in this embodiment is as follows:

[0113] Two GNSS reference stations were established in an open area with stable bedrock about 600 meters away from the bottom of a steep trench with a large drop. Each GNSS reference station determined its precise three-dimensional coordinates as a reference point through long-term continuous observation. GNSS monitoring station 25 obtained the plane displacement monitoring data and surface vertical settlement of the target disaster area by comparing the static coordinates of the two GNSS reference stations.

[0114] Furthermore, the locations of the two GNSS reference stations and their distances from the GNSS monitoring station 25 can be specified by technicians, and the signal transmission method is network transmission.

[0115] Furthermore, the GNSS monitoring station 25 has its own battery. After the solar panel is fully charged, the GNSS monitoring station 25 can be driven to work continuously for several hours. A 4G mobile card is inserted into the GNSS monitoring station 25 for data transmission.

[0116] When a glacial debris flow or avalanche occurs, parts of the GNSS monitoring station 25 and GNSS protective cover 501 may be displaced by the impacting object. Even if the power cable becomes detached due to external forces, the GNSS monitoring station 25 can continue to operate through its built-in battery and wireless communication module (such as 4G / Beidou short message), transmitting real-time positioning data back to the monitoring platform. This data can fully record the trajectory of the debris flow or avalanche. Combined with time, it can accurately calculate the velocity, direction, and acceleration of the movement, providing key scientific basis for studying its dynamic characteristics (such as flow patterns and scale impact range).

[0117] One end of the reset module is connected to the sliding monitoring module, and the other end is fixed to the preset position of the slide rail module, which is used to drive the sliding monitoring module to return to the initial position after the external force of the disaster disappears.

[0118] Preferably, the reset module includes a limiting unit and an elastic unit with one end connected to the limiting unit;

[0119] The limiting unit is fixed at a preset position of the guide rail unit and is used to limit the extension and contraction range of the elastic unit;

[0120] The other end of the elastic unit is connected to the sliding unit and is used to drive the sliding unit to return to its initial position after the external force of the disaster disappears.

[0121] Preferably, the reset module further includes a guide unit;

[0122] The limiting unit is provided with a through hole;

[0123] The guide unit is axially arranged inside the elastic unit, and one end of the guide unit is connected to the sliding unit, and the other end corresponds to the size and position of the through hole, for guiding the elastic unit to expand and contract along the extension direction of the guide unit.

[0124] The elastic unit selected in this application can be a spring, an elastic rope or a combined elastic element of spring + rubber. It should be noted that the reset speed of the sliding monitoring module is significantly lower than its displacement speed under the action of external force of the disaster. The tensile strength of the specific elastic unit can be determined by those skilled in the art.

[0125] In one embodiment, those skilled in the art optimize the connection mode (such as adopting a parallel structure) and shape (such as setting a specific spring spiral angle) of the elastic unit by analyzing historical disaster data and conducting experiments, and control the tensile strength of the elastic unit to a threshold range far below the disaster impact force, thereby achieving a smooth and controllable reset process of the sliding monitoring module; ensuring that under extreme working conditions, the elastic unit can slowly absorb energy through elastic deformation to prevent the equipment from tipping over, and can truly feedback the action characteristics of the external force of the disaster, thereby avoiding the failure of the sliding monitoring module due to overload damage, and making the rapid sliding data under the action of the disaster fully recorded and not covered by the reset action, thereby significantly extending the service life of the equipment and reducing the frequency of manual inspections and equipment replacement.

[0126] In Example 1, Figure 2 、 Figure 4 As shown, the limiting unit of the reset module is a spring end limiting plate 603 welded at a preset position downstream of the U-shaped guide rail 604; the elastic unit is a reset spring 601, and the guide unit is a spring guide tube 602;

[0127] Preferably, Figure 5 As shown, the reset module further includes a spring front end limiting plate 609 connected to the bottom end of the slide supporting base 600 .

[0128] like Figure 3 As shown, the spring front end limit plate 609 and the spring end limit plate 603 are connected via a spring guide tube 602 , and a reset spring 601 is sleeved on the spring guide tube 602 to form an axial elastic reset mechanism.

[0129] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, a through hole is provided on the spring end limit plate 603, and the spring guide tube 602 can enter and exit along the through hole on the spring end limit plate 603, while the two ends of the reset spring 601 are respectively against the spring front end limit plate 609 and the spring end limit plate 603, and the reciprocating motion guidance and automatic reset function of the component are realized by compressing / releasing the spring.

[0130] like Figure 3 、 Figure 6 As shown, the top cover unit 19 includes an upstream rectangular slot guard plate 1901 and a downstream rectangular slot guard plate 1902, which are respectively installed on the side walls of the rectangular tube body 502 along the extension direction of the empty slot unit;

[0131] Preferably, in this embodiment, the upstream rectangular trough guard plate 1901 is 0.8 meters long, and the downstream rectangular trough guard plate 1902 is 0.7 meters long, and both are fixed to the rectangular tube body 502 by connecting screws 507. The length of the upstream rectangular trough guard plate 1901 is significantly greater than that of the rectangular trough 420, and its width is consistent with that of the rectangular trough 4. When the rectangular tube body 502 is squeezed by an external force and drives the slide support base 600 to move, the upstream rectangular trough guard plate 1901 and the downstream rectangular trough guard plate 1902 are displaced synchronously. Due to the extended design of the upstream rectangular trough guard plate 1901, it can be ensured that the rectangular trough 420 is always in a closed state, thereby effectively preventing disaster sources such as soil and gravel from invading the interior of the rectangular trough 4 structure.

[0132] In other embodiments, the sizes of the upstream rectangular slot guard plate 1901 and the downstream rectangular slot guard plate 1902 can be specified by those skilled in the art, so that the upstream rectangular slot guard plate 1901 and the downstream rectangular slot guard plate 1902 can always cover the opening 20 when the rectangular tube body 502 slides.

[0133] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches further includes multiple stabilization devices and multiple pressure monitoring modules;

[0134] Each stabilizing device is respectively connected between two adjacent dynamic monitoring devices;

[0135] In such Figure 1 、 Figure 6 In the embodiment shown, when the multiple dynamic monitoring devices are designed in a matrix, the multiple stabilizing devices and the multiple dynamic monitoring devices are arranged in a crisscross pattern, and adjacent dynamic monitoring devices and stabilizing devices are snap-connected;

[0136] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, each stabilizing device is a row of horizontal supporting square tubes 6 extending along the slopes on both sides. The longitudinal section height of the horizontal supporting square tubes 6 is 0.15 meters, the width is 0.08 meters, and the length is 2 meters. It is vertically connected to the rectangular groove 4 through a right-angle buckle 18 to form an anchoring frame with multiple rectangular grid structures, and the anchoring frame spans the left slope 2 and the right slope 3 on both sides of the groove.

[0137] Furthermore, in Example 1, the horizontal supporting square tubes 6 and the rectangular grooves 4 are both hollow structures with both ends open, and both ends of the horizontal supporting square tubes 6 and the rectangular grooves 4 are provided with protective covers 13 to ensure waterproof sealing. Figure 2 As shown, each horizontal supporting square tube 6 and rectangular groove 4 is anchored to the bedrock surface 1 of the transition zone of the trench deposit by a first fixed expansion screw 101 to ensure the stability of the overall structure.

[0138] Multiple pressure monitoring modules are respectively fixed on any one / multiple stable devices and are used to monitor geological disasters based on pressure signals.

[0139] In embodiment 1, the pressure monitoring module is a pressure sensor, such as Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of pressure sensors 7 are respectively fixed on the upstream side of any one / multiple fixing devices.

[0140] like Figure 8 As shown, pressure sensor 7 is secured to bedrock surface 1 in the trench deposit transition zone via first chemical bolts 702. A pressure sensor protective cover 701 is attached to its exterior, securely connected to horizontal support square tube 6 via second tightening screws 703. To facilitate cable routing, pressure sensor threading holes 704 are provided at corresponding locations on horizontal support square tube 6 and pressure sensor protective cover 701. Pressure sensors 7 can be deployed at multiple locations to form a network, enabling identification of localized pressure anomalies within the monitoring area and triggering early warnings.

[0141] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches also includes a vibration monitoring module and a temperature and humidity monitoring module;

[0142] The vibration monitoring module is disposed on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone and at a second preset distance from the stabilization device located at the upstream end of the trench, and is used to monitor geological hazards based on vibration signals. The second preset distance can be specified by a person skilled in the art.

[0143] In embodiment 1, the vibration monitoring module is a vibration sensor 10, such as Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, a boulder 11 connecting to the bedrock surface 1 in the trench deposit transition zone, 2 meters upstream of the first row of horizontal support square tubes 6, is selected. A vibration sensor 10 is placed between boulder 11 and the trench deposit transition zone bedrock surface 1. Vibration sensor 10 identifies the type of disaster by identifying vibration signals in advance. It is unaffected by weather and sunlight, operates 24 hours a day, and can detect dangerous situations seconds to minutes in advance.

[0144] like Figure 9 As shown, the vibration sensor 10 is fixed to the bedrock surface by a second chemical bolt 1003 to ensure a stable connection. To protect the vibration sensor 10, a vibration sensor protective cover 1001 is installed. The vibration sensor protective cover 1001 is fixedly connected to the bedrock surface 1 of the trench deposit transition zone by a second fixed expansion screw 1002.

[0145] Further, such as Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment also provides a hollow rectangular wire threading tube 17 between the vibration sensor protective cover 1001 and the first row of horizontal support square tubes 6. The vibration sensor protective cover 1001, the rectangular wire threading tube 17 and the first row of horizontal support square tubes 6 are connected to ensure that the cables are safely introduced into the horizontal support square tubes 6 and finally connected to the remote terminal to achieve stable data transmission.

[0146] The temperature and humidity monitoring module is fixed at a preset position of any stable device and is used to monitor geological disasters based on temperature and humidity data; Figure 6 As shown, the soil temperature and humidity sensor 8 of Example 1 is installed on the first row of horizontal supporting square tubes 6 located upstream, and is used to monitor the soil moisture content and send it to the remote terminal. When the remote terminal determines that the soil moisture content exceeds the threshold, an early warning is triggered.

[0147] Preferably, the geological disaster monitoring system applicable to large drop trenches further includes a meteorological monitoring module 16;

[0148] The meteorological monitoring module 16 is arranged on the slope on either side of the groove and is electrically connected to each sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, vibration monitoring module and temperature and humidity monitoring module respectively. It is used to monitor geological disasters based on meteorological data and perform geological disaster assessment based on the monitoring results of at least two monitoring modules among each sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, vibration monitoring module and temperature and humidity monitoring module.

[0149] like Figure 6 As shown, the meteorological monitoring module 16 is arranged on the right slope 3, including a pole 1601 installed in the flat rock surface area of ​​the rock slope 3 on one side, and a meteorological unit and a power supply unit respectively installed on the pole 1601;

[0150] like Figure 10 As shown, the meteorological unit includes a rain gauge 1602, an anemometer 1603, a multifunctional shutter box 1604 (temperature and humidity + air pressure + light), a fill light power supply system 1605, a fill light 1606 and a camera 1607 installed on a pole 1601 from top to bottom;

[0151] The power supply unit includes a power supply data transceiver control box 1608 installed below the camera 1607, a solar panel bracket 1609, a solar panel 1610, a wind vane 1611, a voltage controller 1612, a lithium battery pack 1613, a data conversion module 1614, a data transceiver 1615 and a data switch 1616.

[0152] The solar panel bracket 1609 is clamped on the vertical pole section between the rain gauge 1602 and the camera 1607 , and the solar panel 1610 and the wind vane 1611 are both set on the solar panel bracket 1609 .

[0153] The voltage controller 1612, lithium battery 1613, data conversion module 1614, data transceiver 1615 and data switch 1616 are installed in the power supply and data transceiver control box 1608 to complete the wiring and power supply of the sensor.

[0154] All of the equipment in weather monitoring module 16 is existing and has mature installation technology. As a "frontline" for natural disaster monitoring, by installing fill lights 1606 and cameras 1607 on weather monitoring module 16, 24-hour uninterrupted video monitoring, combined with monitoring data, provides comprehensive protection against natural disasters.

[0155] In one embodiment, the present application also includes a hollow square tube 12 connected to the meteorological monitoring module 16 at one end, and each row of horizontal support square tubes 6 are converged to the other end of the hollow square tube 12. The cables of each inclination sensor 21, each acceleration sensor 22, each GNSS monitoring station 25, each vibration sensor 10, each pressure sensor 7 and soil temperature and humidity sensor 8 are converged to the hollow square tube 12 through the corresponding row of horizontal support square tubes 6 and cables, and finally connected to the power distribution data transceiver control box 1608 to provide power supply and data communication support for the monitoring equipment.

[0156] Preferably, Figure 1 As an example, only one row of horizontal supporting square tubes 6 is connected to the other end of the hollow square tube 12 . Those skilled in the art can customize a multi-way connector to connect each row of horizontal supporting square tubes 6 to the other end of the hollow square tube 12 .

[0157] Preferably, Figure 1 、 Figure 6 As shown, when multiple dynamic monitoring devices are designed in a square array, a concrete filling belt is provided between at least two rows of preset dynamic monitoring devices. The concrete filling belt is groove-shaped and is used for drainage.

[0158] A filling belt is provided between every two rows of the remaining dynamic monitoring devices, and the filling belt is used to protect the pressure monitoring module, the temperature and humidity monitoring module and multiple sliding monitoring modules.

[0159] like Figure 6 As shown, in Example 2, each row of horizontal support square tubes 6 is welded from multiple sections of threading tubes 9. The centermost threading tube 9 in each row is one-third lower than the other two sections. Each section of threading tube 9 is sealed and welded to prevent water damage. The threading tubes 9 and rectangular grooves 4 are anchored to the bedrock surface 1 in the transition zone of the trench deposits via multiple first fixed expansion screws 101 installed within the grooves, ensuring overall structural stability.

[0160] Preferably, in Example 2, concrete 15 is poured between each section of the wire threading pipe 9 to the pipe top elevation. At the same time, there is a concrete filling strip between the two rows of rectangular grooves 4 adjacent to the wire threading pipe 9 in the middle position, which is used to pour concrete 15 to form a groove-type structure. There is a fill strip between every other two adjacent rows of rectangular grooves 4, which is used to cover the backfill soil 14. The backfill height exceeds the top of the wire threading pipe 9 by 0.2 meters, which is used to assist disaster monitoring and realize the protection of each section of the wire threading pipe 9 and each monitoring module.

[0161] In Example 3, the meteorological monitoring module 16 of the present invention also includes a monitoring platform of a remote terminal. The data of the pressure sensor 7, the vibration sensor 10, the soil temperature and humidity sensor 8, the GNSS monitoring station 25, the acceleration sensor 22 and the tilt sensor 21 are transmitted in real time to the monitoring platform of the remote terminal through the 4G network, the relay network and the wired optical fiber. When any type of monitoring data exceeds the preset warning threshold, the system automatically triggers the sound and light alarm device and simultaneously issues evacuation instructions to the construction workers and residents on both sides of the ditch to ensure the safety of people and property.

[0162] When using the present invention, all monitoring modules must be waterproof and moisture-proof to prevent damage to the equipment. Waterproof housings and moisture-proof coatings can be used to protect the equipment to ensure long-term stable operation in complex cold natural environments.

[0163] In Example 4, in order to improve disaster monitoring and identification capabilities, a disaster category determination method as shown in Table 1 is established based on the relationship between different types of monitoring data combinations and natural disaster categories:

[0164] Table 1 Disaster category determination method

[0165]

[0166] The following text summarizes the method for determining the natural disaster categories in Table 1:

[0167] For glacial debris flows, attention should be paid to the data from the pressure sensor 7, the GNSS monitoring station 25, the vibration sensor 10 and the meteorological monitoring module 16. The characteristics are a pulsed increase in the ditch bottom pressure or the occurrence of high-frequency pressure fluctuations, a sudden increase of 10mm / h in the GNSS plane displacement, the vibration sensor 10 detecting a low-frequency vibration of 0.5Hz~2Hz and the temperature >0℃ for 6 hours. When the above characteristics appear at the same time, it can be considered that a glacial debris flow has occurred. However, when there is a high-frequency vibration (>15Hz), the natural disaster can be ruled out as a glacial debris flow. Specifically, a pulsed increase in the ditch bottom pressure refers to the pressure rising rate detected by the pressure sensor 7 being greater than the first preset value. The high-frequency pressure fluctuation is judged by a sawtooth or square wave pressure curve with a short duration (<30 minutes) and a long interval period (>1 hour).

[0168] The identification of avalanches relies on data from the pressure sensor 7, the acceleration sensor 22 and the meteorological monitoring module 16. The characteristics are a step-down in snow pressure (snow layer breakage), short-term vibrations of 50Hz~100Hz (<30 seconds), snowfall >20mm within 24 hours, and wind speed >15m / s. When the above characteristics appear at the same time, it can be considered that an avalanche has occurred. However, when there is no continuous displacement of GNSS within a preset time, the natural disaster can be ruled out as an avalanche. Specifically, the method for judging a step-down in snow pressure is: the monitoring value of the pressure sensor 7 decreases by more than a second preset value within the preset time.

[0169] Identification of landslides requires the combination of data from the GNSS monitoring station 25, the inclination sensor 21, and the soil temperature and humidity sensor 8. The characteristics are consistency of the displacement vector direction, sudden displacement (such as >50mm in a single day), continuous change in inclination (0.5° / h~1° / h), and a sudden increase in fissure water pressure >15kPa. When the above characteristics appear at the same time, it can be considered that a landslide has occurred. However, when there is a vibration frequency <5Hz, the natural disaster can be ruled out as a landslide. Specifically, the method for determining whether the displacement vector direction is consistent is: obtain the displacement rate and displacement direction angle of each GNSS monitoring station 25, and calculate the standard deviation of the direction angle and the difference between every two displacement rates. If the maximum value and standard deviation of the displacement rate difference are less than the third preset value and the fourth preset value, respectively, the displacement vector direction is considered consistent.

[0170] Brittle collapse is identified through data from the acceleration sensor 22 and the vibration sensor 10. Its characteristics are an acoustic emission signal of 100Hz~300Hz, intensive high-frequency impacts (>50 times / hour, energy>1g); and before the structure becomes unstable, the vibration sensor's continuous vibration main frequency reaches 2Hz~5Hz. When the above characteristics appear at the same time, it can be considered that a brittle collapse has occurred. However, when there is a situation where the GNSS displacement is less than 10mm, the natural disaster can be ruled out as a brittle collapse.

[0171] Rockfall identification relies on vibration sensors 10, tilt sensors 21, and camera 1607. Characteristic features include short, high-frequency pulses (duration <0.5s, energy concentrated between 10Hz and 100Hz), sudden inclination changes (3° to 5°) followed by reset, and optical detection of rockfall tracks. When all these features occur simultaneously, a rockfall disaster can be considered. However, if there is no sustained pressure change, the natural disaster can be ruled out as a rockfall. This comprehensive analysis method allows for accurate identification of natural disaster types.

[0172] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0173] (1) This application utilizes the slide rail module to constrain the sliding direction of the sliding monitoring module and filter lateral interference, and the reset module to force the sliding monitoring module to return to its initial position after each external force is applied, thereby preventing the sliding monitoring module from affecting the next disaster monitoring due to uncontrollable displacement beyond the monitoring range;

[0174] (2) This application constructs a dual anti-tilt protection mechanism by connecting the reset module with the sliding monitoring module: in a normal monitoring scenario without external forces acting as disasters, the preload of the reset module can effectively maintain the vertical stability of the monitoring unit, preventing the sliding monitoring module from slowly tipping over due to geological micro-deformation or other normal natural phenomena; when encountering sudden disaster external forces such as mudslides and avalanches, the guiding function of the slide module and the deformation buffering function of the reset module work together to release the impact energy through controllable displacement, preventing the sliding monitoring module from tipping over and being damaged;

[0175] (3) This application fixes multiple monitoring units on the support unit of the sliding monitoring module, uses the support unit to carry and transmit the displacement trajectory, and enables the different displacement data collected by multiple monitoring units to be correlated and analyzed under a unified time and space reference, eliminating the time and space deviation caused by the independent installation of multiple monitoring units. In addition, this application realizes full-scale monitoring from millimeter-level micro-deformation to meter-level sliding through multi-data collaborative monitoring and data fusion, breaking through the limitations of independent monitoring of a single parameter;

[0176] (4) This application selected the bedrock surface in the transition zone of the gully deposits as the deployment site. Taking advantage of the geographical characteristics of the high-altitude bedrock surface, gentle slope and shallow deposits in this area, a disaster monitoring system was constructed. This system can effectively monitor the real-time situation of natural disasters such as avalanches, debris flows, and rockfalls in steep valleys. This solves the problems of high survey costs and delayed disaster response in traditional deployment methods, and achieves early warning and real-time capture of typical disasters in steep gullies.

[0177] (5) This application designs a multi-section hinged column sub-unit so that the support unit can be folded under the action of external forces caused by disasters, and automatically restores the upright state through the straightening sub-unit after the external forces of the disaster are removed, thereby avoiding the fracture of the column sub-unit and ensuring the return of the monitoring unit to its original position, taking into account both structural safety and data reliability;

[0178] (6) This application adopts a combined design of the slot unit and the top cover unit of the slide rail module. The guide rail unit is embedded in the slot unit to guide the directional movement of the sliding monitoring module. The top cover unit covers the opening of the slot unit and moves synchronously with the support unit to prevent external deposits from invading the interior of the slot unit, thereby ensuring the long-term stable operation of the guide rail unit and the slide unit.

[0179] (7) This application adds a guide unit to the reset module and passes through the elastic unit to constrain the elastic unit to only expand and contract along the axial direction of the guide rail, thereby eliminating the trajectory deviation caused by the lateral bending of the spring during the reset process and improving the directional accuracy and stability of the reset of the sliding monitoring module;

[0180] (8) This application forms a monitoring network by adding a stabilizing device arranged between two adjacent dynamic monitoring devices, and installing a pressure monitoring module, a temperature and humidity monitoring module, and a vibration monitoring module on multiple stabilizing devices, thereby expanding the monitoring coverage density, adapting to irregular terrain characteristics, and enhancing the spatial resolution capability of the disaster evolution process;

[0181] (9) This application integrates the sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, temperature and humidity monitoring module, and vibration monitoring module to achieve real-time aggregation and cross-validation of multi-source disaster parameters, build a full-dimensional disaster warning model, and improve decision-making reliability;

[0182] (10) This application realizes three-dimensional monitoring and remote transmission of disaster parameters by setting up a meteorological monitoring module on the slope to aggregate multi-source data, avoids the risk of data lag caused by manual inspections, and ensures the all-weather operation of the monitoring system in extreme environments.

[0183] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present application and do not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. Although the present application discloses the preferred embodiments as above, they are not intended to limit the present application. Any technical personnel familiar with the present profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, using the technical content disclosed above to make slight changes or modifications are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches, characterized in that: comprising a plurality of dynamic monitoring devices, wherein the plurality of dynamic monitoring devices are arranged on the groove along the extending direction of the groove and spaced apart by a first preset distance; Each dynamic monitoring device includes a slide rail module, a sliding monitoring module and a reset module; The slide rail module is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the groove; The sliding monitoring module is slidably connected to the slide rail module, and is used to slide along the slide rail module under the action of external disaster force and monitor geological disaster information during the sliding process; One end of the reset module is connected to the sliding monitoring module, and the other end is fixed to a preset position of the slide rail module, and is used to drive the sliding monitoring module to return to its initial position after the external force of the disaster disappears; The sliding monitoring module includes a sliding unit, a support unit connected to the sliding unit, and a plurality of monitoring units; the sliding unit is slidably connected to the slide rail module, used to carry the support unit and drive the support unit to slide along the slide rail module under the action of external disaster forces; the plurality of monitoring units are fixedly connected to the support unit, and are respectively used to monitor different geological disaster information of the support unit during the sliding process; The support unit includes a straightening subunit and a multi-section hinged column subunit; the multi-section hinged column unit is connected to the sliding unit and is used to fold under the action of external force of a disaster to prevent the column unit from breaking; the multiple monitoring units are respectively fixedly connected to the preset column units; the straightening subunit is connected to the side walls of every two adjacent column units and is used to restore the folded multi-section column units to an upright state when the external force of the disaster is removed; The slide rail module includes a guide rail unit, a top cover unit, and an empty slot unit with an opening on one side facing the sky; the empty slot unit is laid on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone of the groove, and the sliding unit and the guide rail unit are both arranged inside the empty slot unit; the guide rail unit is slidably connected to the sliding unit, and is used to guide the sliding unit to slide inside the empty slot unit along the extension direction of the guide rail unit; the top cover unit covers the opening and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support unit, and is used to always cover the opening when the sliding unit drives the support unit to slide; The reset module includes a limit unit and an elastic unit connected to the limit unit at one end; the limit unit is fixed at a preset position of the guide rail unit to limit the extension and contraction range of the elastic unit; the other end of the elastic unit is connected to the sliding unit to drive the sliding unit to return to its initial position after the external force of the disaster disappears; The reset module also includes a guide unit; a through hole is provided on the limit unit; the guide unit is axially penetrated into the interior of the elastic unit, and one end of the guide unit is connected to the sliding unit, and the other end corresponds to the size and position of the through hole, and is used to guide the elastic unit to retract and contract along the extension direction of the guide unit.

2. The geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also included are a plurality of stabilization devices and a plurality of pressure monitoring modules; Each stabilizing device is respectively connected between two adjacent dynamic monitoring devices; The multiple pressure monitoring modules are fixed on any one of the stabilizing devices and are used to monitor geological disasters based on pressure signals.

3. The geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes vibration monitoring module and temperature and humidity monitoring module; The vibration monitoring module is disposed on the bedrock surface of the preset geological zone and is a second preset distance away from the stabilizing device located at the most upstream of the trench, and is used to monitor geological disasters based on vibration signals; The temperature and humidity monitoring module is fixed at a preset position of any stabilizing device and is used to monitor geological disasters based on temperature and humidity data; The surfaces of the pressure monitoring module, the vibration monitoring module and the monitoring unit are all provided with protective covers.

4. The geological disaster monitoring system suitable for large drop trenches according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes a weather monitoring module; The meteorological monitoring module is arranged on the slope on either side of the groove and is electrically connected to each sliding monitoring module, the pressure monitoring module, the vibration monitoring module and the temperature and humidity monitoring module respectively, and is used to monitor geological disasters based on meteorological data, and perform geological disaster assessment based on the monitoring results of at least two monitoring modules among each sliding monitoring module, pressure monitoring module, vibration monitoring module and temperature and humidity monitoring module.

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