Optical switching system and device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical switching, in particular to an optical switching system and device. The optical switching system comprises a space switching layer and a wavelength switching layer, the space switching layer receives an input optical signal of an input optical module, and transmits a to-be-dimmed signal needing wavelength routing in the input optical signal to the wavelength switching layer; the wavelength exchange layer receives a to-be-dimmed signal, performs wavelength routing processing on the to-be-dimmed signal to generate a scheduling optical signal, and transmits the scheduling optical signal to the space exchange layer; the spatial switching layer also receives the scheduling optical signal and routes the scheduling optical signal to the receiving module group. An optical signal is transmitted to the space exchange layer through the input optical fiber to be scheduled to any output direction, direction scheduling of spatial dimensions is achieved, when a wavelength level signal needs to be scheduled, a to-be-dimmed signal is issued to the wavelength exchange layer to be subjected to wavelength routing processing and then is sent to the space exchange layer, and the space of an available port is enlarged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical switching, and particularly to an optical switching system and device. Background Art

[0002] An all-optical switching system is a technology that directly completes signal routing and scheduling in the optical domain without optoelectronic conversion. Among them, a wavelength selective switch (WSS) is the core device of the all-optical switching system and is responsible for routing different wavelengths to the specified ports.

[0003] The WSS based on liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) utilizes the birefringence effect of liquid crystal molecules, controls the phase distribution of the liquid crystal layer through voltage, and combines diffraction grating wavelength division to achieve wavelength selection and dynamic routing. After the light beam is split, it is projected onto the LCoS chip. By adjusting the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules, the phase of the reflected light is changed to control the deflection direction of the light beam. It has the following defects: polarization sensitivity: it is necessary to use a polarization beam splitter and a compensation structure (such as a half-wave plate), resulting in a doubling of the system complexity. Slow response speed: the rearrangement of liquid crystal molecules takes milliseconds, making it difficult to meet the requirements of real-time dynamic networks (such as burst traffic scheduling). Temperature dependence: the refractive index of the liquid crystal material changes with temperature, and an additional temperature control circuit is required, increasing power consumption and cost. High insertion loss: multiple optical elements (gratings, lenses, polarization devices) result in a typical loss of 5-7 dB. High cost: the LCoS chip requires high-precision microfabrication technology, with a low yield, and the chip cost accounts for more than 50% of the total system cost. Although the existing WSS technology has supported the development of all-optical networks, there are significant shortcomings in terms of cost, scalability, and environmental robustness. Reducing the use of WSS based on liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) and finding a better alternative solution is the breakthrough direction of the all-optical switching system.

[0004] The above content is only used to assist in understanding the technical solution of the present invention, and does not represent an admission that the above content is prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical switching system and device, aiming to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to continue to increase the number of ports of the wavelength selective switch in the implementation of large-capacity optical switching in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes an optical switching system, which includes: a space switching layer and a wavelength switching layer;

[0007] The first end of the space switching layer is connected to the input optical module, the second end of the space switching layer is connected to the receiving module group, the third end of the space switching layer is connected to the first end of the wavelength switching layer, and the fourth end of the space switching layer is connected to the second end of the wavelength switching layer;

[0008] The space switching layer is configured to receive the input optical signal from the input optical module and transmit the to-be-adjusted optical signal that needs wavelength routing in the input optical signal to the wavelength switching layer;

[0009] The wavelength switching layer is configured to receive the to-be-adjusted optical signal, perform wavelength routing processing on the to-be-adjusted optical signal to generate a scheduled optical signal, and transmit the scheduled optical signal to the space switching layer;

[0010] The space switching layer is further configured to receive the scheduled optical signal and route the scheduled optical signal to the receiving module group.

[0011] Optionally, the space switching layer includes: a first matrix optical switch based on microelectromechanical systems;

[0012] The first matrix optical switch is provided with a first preset number of input ports, and the number of output ports of the first matrix optical switch is the same as the number of input ports;

[0013] The input ports of the first matrix optical switch include: a space switching port and a wavelength switching port;

[0014] The space switching port is connected to the input optical module, and the wavelength switching port is connected to the first end of the wavelength switching layer;

[0015] It is set that the sum of the number of the space switching ports and the number of the wavelength switching ports is the first preset number.

[0016] Optionally, the wavelength switching layer includes: at least one first down-wavelength selection switch and a first up-wavelength selection switch;

[0017] The input ends of the first down-wavelength selection switches are connected to the third end of the space switching layer, the output end of each first down-wavelength selection switch is correspondingly connected to the input end of each first up-wavelength selection switch, and the output ends of the first up-wavelength selection switches are connected to the fourth end of the space switching layer.

[0018] Optionally, the wavelength switching layer includes: a wavelength division module and a dynamic scheduling module;

[0019] The first end of the wavelength division module is connected to the third end of the space switching layer, the second end of the wavelength division module is connected to the input end of the dynamic scheduling module, the output end of the dynamic scheduling module is connected to the third end of the wavelength division module, and the fourth end of the wavelength division module is connected to the fourth end of the space switching layer;

[0020] The wavelength exchange layer is further configured to transmit the scheduled optical signal to the wavelength division module;

[0021] The wavelength division module is configured to receive the scheduled optical signal, demultiplex the scheduled optical signal based on a preset frequency interval to generate single-wavelength signals, and transmit the single-wavelength signals to the dynamic scheduling module;

[0022] The dynamic scheduling module is configured to dynamically route the single-wavelength signals and transmit them to the space switching layer through the wavelength division module.

[0023] Optionally, the wavelength division module includes at least one first down-wave arrayed waveguide grating and a first up-wave arrayed waveguide grating;

[0024] The first end of each of the first down-wave arrayed waveguide gratings is connected to the third end of the space switching layer, the second end of each of the first arrayed waveguide gratings is connected to the input end of the dynamic scheduling module, the output end of the dynamic scheduling module is connected to the first end of each of the first up-wave arrayed waveguide gratings, and the second end of each of the first up-wave arrayed waveguide gratings is connected to the fourth end of the space switching layer.

[0025] Optionally, the dynamic scheduling module includes: a second matrix optical switch based on a microelectromechanical system;

[0026] The input ports of the second matrix optical switch are connected to the second ends of the first down-wave arrayed waveguide gratings, and the output ports of the second matrix optical switch are connected to the first ends of the first up-wave arrayed waveguide gratings.

[0027] Optionally, the dynamic scheduling module further includes: a communication transmitting end module group and a communication receiving end module group;

[0028] The output end of the communication transmitting end module group is connected to the input ports of the second matrix optical switch, and the output ports of the second matrix optical switch are connected to the communication receiving end module group;

[0029] The dynamic scheduling module is further configured to dynamically route the communication optical signals transmitted by the communication transmitting end module group and transmit them to the space switching layer or the communication receiving end module group through the wavelength division module.

[0030] Optionally, the wavelength exchange layer includes: a microelectromechanical system-based third matrix optical switch, at least one second lower wavelength selection switch, a second upper wavelength selection switch, a second lower arrayed waveguide grating, and a second upper arrayed waveguide grating;

[0031] Both ends of the third matrix optical switch are respectively connected to each of the second lower wavelength selection switches and each of the second upper wavelength selection switches. Each of the second lower wavelength selection switches is further connected to the third end of the space exchange layer, and each of the second upper wavelength selection switches is further connected to the fourth end of the space exchange layer;

[0032] Both ends of the third matrix optical switch are also respectively connected to each of the second lower arrayed waveguide gratings and each of the second upper arrayed waveguide gratings. Each of the second lower arrayed waveguide gratings is further connected to the third end of the space exchange layer, and each of the second upper arrayed waveguide gratings is further connected to the fourth end of the space exchange layer.

[0033] Optionally, the space exchange layer further includes: a power splitter and a spare matrix optical switch, and the optical switching system further includes: a spare wavelength exchange layer;

[0034] The input end of the power splitter is connected to the input optical module. The first output end of the power splitter is connected to the first matrix optical switch, and the second output end of the power splitter is connected to the spare matrix optical switch;

[0035] The first matrix optical switch is connected to both the wavelength exchange layer and the spare wavelength exchange layer, and the spare matrix optical switch is connected to both the wavelength exchange layer and the spare wavelength exchange layer.

[0036] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides an optical switching device, and the optical switching device includes the optical switching system as described above.

[0037] The present invention provides an optical switching system and device. The optical switching system includes: a space exchange layer and a wavelength exchange layer; the first end of the space exchange layer is connected to an input optical module, the second end of the space exchange layer is connected to a receiving module group, the third end of the space exchange layer is connected to the first end of the wavelength exchange layer, and the fourth end of the space exchange layer is connected to the second end of the wavelength exchange layer; the space exchange layer is configured to receive an input optical signal from the input optical module and transmit a to-be-adjusted optical signal that needs to perform wavelength routing in the input optical signal to the wavelength exchange layer; the wavelength exchange layer is configured to receive the to-be-adjusted optical signal, perform wavelength routing processing on the to-be-adjusted optical signal to generate a scheduled optical signal, and transmit the scheduled optical signal to the space exchange layer; the space exchange layer is further configured to receive the scheduled optical signal and route the scheduled optical signal to the receiving module group. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the third embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the fourth embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the backup design in the fourth embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention.

[0044] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings: 10, space switching layer; 20, wavelength switching layer; 30, input optical module; 40, receiving module group; 101, first matrix optical switch; 102, power splitter; 103, standby matrix optical switch; 201, first lower-wave wavelength selection switch; 202, first upper-wave wavelength selection switch; 203, first lower-wave arrayed waveguide grating; 204, first upper-wave arrayed waveguide grating; 205, second lower-wave wavelength selection switch; 206, second upper-wave wavelength selection switch; 207, second lower-wave arrayed waveguide grating; 208, second upper-wave arrayed waveguide grating; 301, second matrix optical switch; 302, third matrix optical switch; 303, communication transmitting module group; 304, communication receiving module group; 50, standby wavelength switching layer.

[0045] The realization, functional features and advantages of the object of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the drawings. Detailed Embodiments

[0046] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0047] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0048] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0049] In addition, the descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present invention.

[0050] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention. As Figure 1 shown, in this embodiment, the optical switching system includes: a space switching layer 10 and a wavelength switching layer 20; a first end of the space switching layer 10 is connected to an input optical module 30, a second end of the space switching layer 10 is connected to a receiving module group 40, a third end of the space switching layer 10 is connected to a first end of the wavelength switching layer 20, and a fourth end of the space switching layer 10 is connected to a second end of the wavelength switching layer 20.

[0051] It should be noted that the space switching layer 10 can be used to receive the input optical signal of the input optical module 30, and transmit the to-be-adjusted optical signal that needs to perform wavelength routing in the input optical signal to the wavelength switching layer 20; the wavelength switching layer 20 can be used to receive the to-be-adjusted optical signal, perform wavelength routing processing on the to-be-adjusted optical signal to generate a scheduled optical signal, and transmit the scheduled optical signal to the space switching layer 10; the space switching layer 10 can also be used to receive the scheduled optical signal and route the scheduled optical signal to the receiving module group 40.

[0052] It should be understood that the space switching layer can be an optical device unit that realizes the scheduling of optical signals in the spatial dimension. Its input port can be directly connected to an input optical module (such as a large-capacity 400G optical module) for high-speed direct passing of fiber-level signals (without wavelength processing). The large-particle signals that do not require wavelength processing in the optical signals of the input optical module are directly output from the space switching port to the receiving module group. And the fine-particle signals (optical signals to be adjusted) that require wavelength routing in the optical signals of the input optical module are transmitted to the wavelength switching layer. The wavelength switching layer can be an optical device unit that processes optical signals in the wavelength dimension, which can demultiplex the optical signals to be adjusted into single-wavelength signals, perform wavelength routing processing on the single-wavelength signals (such as allocating target wavelength channels, add-drop operations) to generate the scheduled optical signals and return them to the space switching layer for port scheduling. Among them, wavelength routing can be the whole process of demultiplexing, allocating, and recombining the wavelength dimension of optical signals to achieve flexible scheduling of specific wavelengths.

[0053] Furthermore, an optical switching system is a technology that directly completes signal routing and scheduling in the optical domain without optoelectronic conversion. It mainly uses a WSS as the core device, which is responsible for routing different wavelengths to the specified ports and supports applications such as optical cross-connection and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer. Among them, the WSS based on liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) utilizes the birefringence effect of liquid crystal molecules, controls the phase distribution of the liquid crystal layer through voltage, and combines diffraction grating wavelength division to achieve wavelength selection and dynamic routing. The light beam is projected onto the LCoS chip after being split, and the phase of the reflected light is changed by adjusting the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules to control the deflection direction of the light beam. The WSS based on micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) has a mature mass production process. MEMS is based on semiconductor manufacturing technologies (such as lithography, etching, deposition) and is compatible with CMOS processes, enabling wafer-level mass production, and the unit cost is significantly reduced with the increase in production scale. Example: The manufacturing cost of a single MEMS micromirror chip can be reduced to dozens of dollars (the cost of an LCoS chip is as high as hundreds of dollars). Simplified system architecture, the MEMS matrix switch usually adopts a reflective design without complex beam splitting modules or polarization compensation structures, reducing the number of optical components (such as lenses, beam splitters), thereby reducing the material cost. In contrast, the LCoS solution requires a polarization diversity module, which additionally increases the component cost by 20%-30%. Low-power design, MEMS only consumes energy during switching, and the static power consumption is close to zero, saving power costs in the long-term operation, especially suitable for high-density scenarios such as data centers. The power consumption of the MEMS switch is usually in the milliwatt range, while the LCoS solution needs to continuously drive the liquid crystal, and the power consumption can reach several watts. Low maintenance and calibration costs, MEMS does not require a complex temperature control system (such as the LCoS requires a constant temperature circuit), and the mechanical structure is simple, with high long-term stability, reducing the complexity of operation and maintenance. Therefore, the MEMS matrix optical switch and the WSS based on liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) can be combined to increase the optical switching space dimension and further reduce the cost problem brought by the WSS based on liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS).

[0054] In a possible implementation, the space switching layer 10 may employ a first matrix optical switch 101 based on MEMS. Since the matrix optical switch based on MEMS microarray mirrors has advantages such as ultra-low loss, polarization independence, and large bandwidth, it can achieve large-capacity and low-loss directional scheduling of optical signals. The first matrix optical switch 101 is provided with a first preset number of input ports, and the number of output ports of the first matrix optical switch 101 is the same as the number of input ports; the input ports of the first matrix optical switch 101 include: a space switching port and a wavelength switching port; the space switching port is connected to the input optical module 30, and the wavelength switching port is connected to the first end of the wavelength switching layer 20; the sum of the number of the space switching port and the wavelength switching port is set as the first preset number. For example, the number of space switching ports can be set as M, the number of wavelength switching ports can be set as L, and the first preset number of input ports of the first matrix optical switch 101 is N, satisfying: N = M + L. In this way, the signals in the space switching layer 10 that need wavelength routing can be switched to the wavelength switching port through the first matrix optical switch 101, so as to be selected and delivered to the devices in the wavelength switching layer 20, so as to achieve flexible allocation on demand in the wavelength switching dimension.

[0055] In this embodiment, the optical switching system includes: a space switching layer and a wavelength switching layer; the first end of the space switching layer is connected to the input optical module, the second end of the space switching layer is connected to the receiving module group, the third end of the space switching layer is connected to the first end of the wavelength switching layer, and the fourth end of the space switching layer is connected to the second end of the wavelength switching layer; the space switching layer is configured to receive the input optical signal of the input optical module and transmit the to-be-adjusted optical signal that needs wavelength routing in the input optical signal to the wavelength switching layer; the wavelength switching layer is configured to receive the to-be-adjusted optical signal, perform wavelength routing processing on the to-be-adjusted optical signal to generate a scheduled optical signal, and transmit the scheduled optical signal to the space switching layer; the space switching layer is further configured to receive the scheduled optical signal and route the scheduled optical signal to the receiving module group.

[0056] Refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention. As Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the same or similar content as that in the above first embodiment can be referred to the above introduction and will not be elaborated hereinafter. The wavelength exchange layer 20 may include: at least one first lower-wave wavelength selection switch 201 and a first upper-wave wavelength selection switch 202; the input end of each first lower-wave wavelength selection switch 201 is connected to the third end of the space exchange layer 10, and the output end of each first lower-wave wavelength selection switch 201 is correspondingly connected to the input end of each first upper-wave wavelength selection switch 202, and the output end of each first upper-wave wavelength selection switch 202 is connected to the fourth end of the space exchange layer 10.

[0057] It should be noted that the first lower-wave wavelength selection switch can be used to receive the to-be-adjusted optical signal sent down by the space exchange layer. The number of the first upper-wave wavelength selection switches matches that of the first lower-wave wavelength selection switches, and is used to multiplex the processed single-wavelength signal into the target wavelength channel. The output port of each first lower-wave wavelength selection switch (each port corresponds to a single wavelength) is directly connected to the input port of each first upper-wave wavelength selection switch, forming a "many-to-many" mesh architecture without an intermediate matrix optical switch.

[0058] It should be understood that the to-be-adjusted optical signal sent down to the wavelength exchange layer can be exchanged in different directions, different bandwidths, and with lower loss as required, and sent up to the space exchange layer, so as to realize small-granularity wavelength dynamic routing. The small-granularity wavelength dynamic routing can be realized by a 1×T (T≥9) wavelength selection switch. The wavelength selection switch itself has a path selection function in addition to the wavelength division function. By using a high-resolution spectral control module (LCoS) to process the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) signal of each single-fiber input sent down from the first layer (space layer), wavelength slicing and dynamic allocation at the GHz level can be realized. Through a programmable port configuration strategy, the system can realize wavelength-level millisecond-level dynamic switching among T output ports (typical values T = 9 / 20 / 40), which is especially suitable for scenarios with strict requirements for bandwidth flexibility and resource utilization rate such as data center optical interconnection and 5G fronthaul network. By combining with the software-defined optical network (SDON) control plane, real-time optimization and fault self-healing of wavelength routing can be further supported, significantly reducing the network blocking rate and improving the multi-service carrying capacity. Optionally, the output port of each first lower-wave wavelength selection switch is respectively interconnected with the input port of the first upper-wave wavelength selection switch in a MESH manner. The wavelength routing to the air stratification is realized through the COM port of the first upper-wave wavelength selection switch. It is applicable to application scenarios where service wavelengths are relatively sensitive and flexible. Among them, for a 1×T type WSS, the COM port is the input port, which receives multi-wavelength signals and demultiplexes them to T output ports; for a T×1 type WSS, the COM port is the output port, which multiplexes the single-wavelength signals of T input ports to the COM port for output.

[0059] In this embodiment, the wavelength switching layer includes: at least one first lower-wavelength selective switch and a first upper-wavelength selective switch; the input ends of the first lower-wavelength selective switches are connected to the third end of the space switching layer, the output end of each first lower-wavelength selective switch is correspondingly connected to the input end of each first upper-wavelength selective switch, and the output ends of the first upper-wavelength selective switches are connected to the fourth end of the space switching layer. Through the dynamic tuning of the WSS and MESH interconnection, the "full degree of freedom" scheduling at the wavelength level is realized, which is applicable to scenarios with extremely high flexibility requirements.

[0060] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of the third embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention. Based on the above embodiments, the third embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention is proposed. In this embodiment, the same or similar content as that in the above embodiments can be referred to the above introduction and will not be repeated hereinafter. As Figure 3 shown, the wavelength switching layer includes: a wavelength division module and a dynamic scheduling module; the first end of the wavelength division module is connected to the third end of the space switching layer, the second end of the wavelength division module is connected to the input end of the dynamic scheduling module, the output end of the dynamic scheduling module is connected to the third end of the wavelength division module, and the fourth end of the wavelength division module is connected to the fourth end of the space switching layer.

[0061] It should be noted that the wavelength switching layer can also be used to transmit the scheduled optical signal to the wavelength division module. The wavelength division module can be used to receive the scheduled optical signal, demultiplex the scheduled optical signal based on a preset frequency interval to generate single-wavelength signals, and transmit the single-wavelength signals to the dynamic scheduling module. The dynamic scheduling module can be used to dynamically route the single-wavelength signals and transmit them to the space switching layer through the wavelength division module.

[0062] It should be understood that wavelength dynamic routing in the wavelength switching layer can be achieved by adding a 1×G (G≥40) high-density arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). Its technical architecture consists of two parts: a wavelength division module and a dynamic scheduling module. At the level of the wavelength division module, an AWG chip based on silicon or indium phosphide materials can demultiplex the spectral signals in the C / L band according to a standardized frequency interval (100 GHz, 75 GHz, or 150 GHz) through a precisely designed waveguide structure. Among them, the 100 GHz interval corresponds to a 0.8 nm wavelength interval, which is mainly applied to metro transmission scenarios; the 75 GHz interval (0.6 nm) is suitable for high-density wavelength-division multiplexing in data center interconnection; 150 GHz (1.2 nm) is for the low-loss transmission requirements of long-distance backbone networks. The dynamic scheduling module uses a programmable matrix optical switch array. This module can be independently programmed for each wavelength channel through an SDN controller, enabling flexible routing and bandwidth allocation at the wavelength level. Specifically, each demultiplexed wavelength channel can be dynamically guided to the target output port through an optical switch matrix, supporting wavelength reconfiguration capabilities at the millisecond level. The system architecture adopts a modular design and can be linearly extended to hundreds of wavelength channels by stacking AWG modules.

[0063] Specifically, the wavelength division module includes at least one first lower-wave arrayed waveguide grating 203 and a first upper-wave arrayed waveguide grating 204; the first ends of the first lower-wave arrayed waveguide gratings 203 are connected to the third end of the space switching layer 10, the second ends of the first arrayed waveguide gratings are connected to the input end of the dynamic scheduling module, the output end of the dynamic scheduling module is connected to the first ends of the first upper-wave arrayed waveguide gratings 204, and the second ends of the first upper-wave arrayed waveguide gratings 204 are connected to the fourth end of the space switching layer 10. The dynamic scheduling module includes: a second matrix optical switch 301 based on a microelectromechanical system; the input ports of the second matrix optical switch 301 are connected to the second ends of the first lower-wave arrayed waveguide gratings 203, and the output ports of the second matrix optical switch 301 are connected to the first ends of the first upper-wave arrayed waveguide gratings 204.

[0064] It should be understood that the monolithic integration process of the AWG reduces the packaging cost of the wavelength division module by 90%; secondly, the adoption of the wavelength sharing mechanism greatly reduces the number of transceivers. In a traditional WDM system, each wavelength channel requires dedicated light sources, modulators, and receivers, that is, each wavelength corresponds to a transceiver module. In a wavelength dynamic routing system, after multiple wavelengths are separated by the AWG, they are dynamically routed to a shared transceiver pool using a matrix optical switch. These transceivers may be tunable and can handle signals of different wavelengths, so there is no need to equip each wavelength with a dedicated transceiver. In this way, the number of transceivers can depend on the maximum concurrent demand rather than the total number of wavelengths. For example, if there are G wavelengths, but at most K are active simultaneously, then only K tunable transceivers are needed. When K is much smaller than G, the number is reduced. Furthermore, the reconfigurable architecture enables network expansion without hardware modification, only requiring software to define the wavelength mapping relationship. In terms of cost control, as a fixed wavelength division multiplexing device, the manufacturing cost of the AWG can be reduced by about 60-80% compared to the WSS that requires a complex tunable mechanism; secondly, in terms of energy consumption management, the AWG can achieve wavelength routing without external power supply, and its power consumption approaches zero, reducing the typical power consumption of the WSS by more than 95%; in addition, in terms of signal transmission quality, the insertion loss of the AWG is usually less than 3dB, compared with the 5-7dB loss commonly found in the WSS (generally 10dB for 40 ports), which can improve the optical link budget by more than 50%.

[0065] Furthermore, the dynamic scheduling module further includes: a communication transmitting end module group 303 and a communication receiving end module group 304; the output end of the communication transmitting end module group 303 is connected to the input port of the second matrix optical switch 301, and the output port of the second matrix optical switch 301 is connected to the communication receiving end module group 304. Among them, the dynamic scheduling module can also be used to dynamically route the communication optical signals transmitted by the communication transmitting end module group 303 and transmit them to the space switching layer 10 or the communication receiving end module group 304 through the wavelength division module. The communication transmitting end module group can be used for functions such as injecting optical signals for newly added services within the data center and uploading local user data in the metropolitan area network. The communication receiving end module group can be used for functions such as extracting signals for branch services within the data center and downloading local user data in the metropolitan area network.

[0066] In a possible comparative design, in a traditional Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (ROADM) network, each wavelength requires an independent transceiver, wavelength selective switch (WSS), and optical amplifier. Assuming that each wavelength supports a rate of 200 Gbps (based on DP-16QAM modulation), the routing cost per wavelength in the traditional scheme is approximately 5.46 yuan / Gbps (calculation example: the hardware cost of a single wavelength ≈ 1005.2 yuan, corresponding to 200 Gbps traffic, then 1005.2 / 200 = 5.46 yuan / Gbps). In the AWG dynamic routing scheme, after adopting the wavelength sharing mechanism, 64 wavelengths (G = 64) share the tunable transceiver pool and optical switch matrix, improving the hardware resource reuse rate. For example: for the transceiver cost, traditionally 64 transceivers (each costing 3500 yuan) are required, and after sharing, only 1 tunable transceiver (costing 5600 yuan) is needed, saving 63 × 3500 = 230100 yuan. For the optical switch cost, using a matrix optical switch array to replace the multi-stage WSS reduces the cost by 70%. Total cost: Assuming that the total system cost is reduced from 315000 yuan in the traditional scheme to 103040 yuan, calculated based on the total capacity of 64 wavelengths × 200 Gbps = 12.8 Tbps, the unit cost is 103040 / (12.8 × 1000) = 1.61 yuan / Gbps. (5.46 - 1.61) / 5.46 ≈ 68%, so the routing cost per wavelength is reduced to 1.61 yuan / Gbps (a decrease of 68%).

[0067] This embodiment realizes the decoupling of wavelength and transceiver - dynamically allocating wavelengths through tunable lasers and optical switches, avoiding the hardware binding of "one transceiver per wavelength". By monolithic integration of AWG using CMOS technology, the packaging cost is reduced by 90%. In terms of statistical multiplexing gain - taking advantage of the temporal imbalance of traffic, transceiver resources are allocated on demand to avoid hardware idle.

[0068] Refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention. Based on the above embodiments, the fourth embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention is proposed. In this embodiment, the same or similar content as in the above embodiments can be referred to the above introduction and will not be repeated hereinafter. As Figure 4As shown in the figure, the wavelength exchange layer 20 includes: a microelectromechanical system-based third matrix optical switch 302, at least one second lower wavelength selection switch 205, a second upper wavelength selection switch 206, a second lower arrayed waveguide grating 207, and a second upper arrayed waveguide grating 208; both ends of the third matrix optical switch 302 are respectively connected to each of the second lower wavelength selection switches 205 and each of the second upper wavelength selection switches 206, each of the second lower wavelength selection switches 205 is further connected to the third end of the space exchange layer 10, and each of the second upper wavelength selection switches 206 is further connected to the fourth end of the space exchange layer 10. Both ends of the third matrix optical switch 302 are also respectively connected to each of the second lower arrayed waveguide gratings 207 and each of the second upper arrayed waveguide gratings 208, each of the second lower arrayed waveguide gratings 207 is further connected to the third end of the space exchange layer 10, and each of the second upper arrayed waveguide gratings 208 is further connected to the fourth end of the space exchange layer 10.

[0069] It should be understood that since the AWG performs passive optical distribution based on a fixed wavelength grid, its wavelength routing function is limited by the preset channel spacing and central wavelength, and it cannot achieve the dynamic wavelength tuning ability of the WSS. For core network scenarios that require higher wavelength flexibility, it is still necessary to combine with the tunable devices in Example 1 for hybrid networking. Through the collaborative control of multiple-level optical switches, dynamic routing reorganization of different wavelength channels can be achieved at the physical layer. This hybrid architecture combines the advantages of static wavelength allocation of the AWG with the dynamic reconfiguration ability of the optical switch, retaining both the low-cost characteristics of basic wavelength routing and supplementing the flexibility required for service scheduling through the space layer.

[0070] Further, in order to cope with emergencies where devices or a large number of ports fail in actual engineering applications, the space exchange layer 10 further includes: a power splitter 102 and a standby matrix optical switch 103. Refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the backup design in the fourth embodiment of the optical switching system of the present invention. The optical switching system further includes: a standby wavelength exchange layer 50; the input end of the power splitter 102 is connected to the input optical module 30, the first output end of the power splitter 102 is connected to the first matrix optical switch 101, and the second output end of the power splitter 102 is connected to the standby matrix optical switch 103; the first matrix optical switch 101 is connected to both the wavelength exchange layer 20 and the standby wavelength exchange layer 50, and the standby matrix optical switch 103 is connected to both the wavelength exchange layer 20 and the standby wavelength exchange layer 50.

[0071] In this embodiment, the power splitter 102 can split the input optical signal into two groups and send them to two matrix switches, or combine the output optical signals and send them to the output port. In this structure, both the air layer and the wavelength layer have backup devices, which can achieve 1+1 backup for any two sets of devices in the switching path.

[0072] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention by the same token.

[0073] Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0074] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0075] In addition, the descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical switching system, characterized in that: The optical switching system comprises: a space switching layer and a wavelength switching layer; The first end of the space exchange layer is connected to the input optical module, the second end of the space exchange layer is connected to the receiving module group, the third end of the space exchange layer is connected to the first end of the wavelength exchange layer, and the fourth end of the space exchange layer is connected to the second end of the wavelength exchange layer; The space exchange layer is used to receive the input optical signal of the input optical module, and transmit the optical signal to be adjusted that needs to be wavelength-routed in the input optical signal to the wavelength exchange layer; The wavelength switching layer is used to receive the optical signal to be adjusted, perform wavelength routing processing on the optical signal to be adjusted to generate a scheduling optical signal, and transmit the scheduling optical signal to the space switching layer; The space switching layer is further used to receive the scheduling optical signal and route the scheduling optical signal to the receiving module group.

2. The optical switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The space exchange layer includes: a first matrix optical switch based on a micro-electromechanical system; The first matrix optical switch is provided with a first preset number of input ports, and the number of output ports of the first matrix optical switch is the same as the number of input ports; The input ports of the first matrix optical switch include: a space switching port and a wavelength switching port; The space exchange port is connected to the input optical module, and the wavelength exchange port is connected to the first end of the wavelength exchange layer; The sum of the number of the space switching ports and the number of the wavelength switching ports is set to the first preset number.

3. The optical switching system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wavelength exchange layer includes: at least one first down-wavelength selective switch and a first up-wavelength selective switch; An input end of each of the first down-wavelength selective switches is connected to the third end of the space exchange layer, an output end of each of the first down-wavelength selective switches is correspondingly connected to an input end of each of the first up-wavelength selective switches, and an output end of each of the first up-wavelength selective switches is connected to the fourth end of the space exchange layer.

4. The optical switching system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wavelength switching layer includes: a wavelength division module and a dynamic scheduling module; The first end of the wavelength division module is connected to the third end of the space exchange layer, the second end of the wavelength division module is connected to the input end of the dynamic scheduling module, the output end of the dynamic scheduling module is connected to the third end of the wavelength division module, and the fourth end of the wavelength division module is connected to the fourth end of the space exchange layer; The wavelength switching layer is further used to transmit the scheduling optical signal to the wavelength division module; The wavelength division module is used to receive the scheduling optical signal, demultiplex the scheduling optical signal based on a preset frequency interval to generate a single wavelength signal, and transmit the single wavelength signal to the dynamic scheduling module; The dynamic scheduling module is used to dynamically route the single wavelength signal and transmit it to the space switching layer through the wavelength division module.

5. The optical switching system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wavelength division module includes at least one first lower-wave arrayed waveguide grating and a first upper-wave arrayed waveguide grating; The first end of each of the first down-wave arrayed waveguide gratings is connected to the third end of the space exchange layer, the second end of each of the first arrayed waveguide gratings is connected to the input end of the dynamic scheduling module, the output end of the dynamic scheduling module is connected to the first end of each of the first up-wave arrayed waveguide gratings, and the second end of each of the first up-wave arrayed waveguide gratings is connected to the fourth end of the space exchange layer.

6. The optical switching system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dynamic scheduling module includes: a second matrix optical switch based on a micro-electromechanical system; An input port of the second matrix optical switch is connected to the second end of each of the first down-wave arrayed waveguide gratings, and an output port of the second matrix optical switch is connected to the first end of each of the first up-wave arrayed waveguide gratings.

7. The optical switching system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dynamic scheduling module also includes: a communication sending end module group and a communication receiving end module group; The output end of the communication transmitting end module group is connected to the input port of the second matrix optical switch, and the output port of the second matrix optical switch is connected to the communication receiving end module group; The dynamic scheduling module is also used to dynamically route the communication optical signal transmitted by the communication transmitting end module group, and transmit it to the space switching layer or the communication receiving end module group through the wavelength division module.

8. The optical switching system according to claim 2, wherein: The wavelength exchange layer includes: a third matrix optical switch based on a micro-electromechanical system, at least one second down-wavelength wavelength selective switch, a second up-wavelength wavelength selective switch, a second down-wave arrayed waveguide grating, and a second up-wave arrayed waveguide grating; Two ends of the third matrix optical switch are respectively connected to each of the second down-wavelength selective switches and each of the second up-wavelength selective switches, each of the second down-wavelength selective switches is also connected to the third end of the space switching layer, and each of the second up-wavelength selective switches is also connected to the fourth end of the space switching layer; The two ends of the third matrix optical switch are also respectively connected to each of the second down-wave array waveguide gratings and each of the second up-wave array waveguide gratings, each of the second down-wave array waveguide gratings is also connected to the third end of the space exchange layer, and each of the second up-wave array waveguide gratings is also connected to the fourth end of the space exchange layer.

9. The optical switching system according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: The space switching layer further includes: a power divider and a standby matrix optical switch, and the optical switching system further includes: a standby wavelength switching layer; The input end of the power divider is connected to the input optical module, the first output end of the power divider is connected to the first matrix optical switch, and the second output end of the power divider is connected to the standby matrix optical switch; The first matrix optical switch is connected to both the wavelength exchange layer and the standby wavelength exchange layer, and the standby matrix optical switch is connected to both the wavelength exchange layer and the standby wavelength exchange layer.

10. An optical switching device, characterized in that: The optical switching device comprises the optical switching system according to any one of claims 1-9.

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