Intelligent irrigation water fertilizer applying device

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device, and relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilization, the intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device comprises a data acquisition mechanism and a user interaction system, the data acquisition mechanism is externally connected with a data acquisition processing system, and the data acquisition processing system is electrically connected with the user interaction system; the system further comprises an intelligent judgment system, an execution control system, a water and fertilizer blending mechanism and an irrigation mechanism. According to the invention, in combination with a data validity judgment mechanism, data authenticity is ensured, misjudgment caused by sensor faults is avoided, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquisition assembly performs automatic sampling when soil is abnormal, and in combination with manual detection and multi-source data fusion processing, the response capability to complex soil changes is improved; the image acquisition unmanned aerial vehicle generates differential water and fertilizer schemes by analyzing plant leaf states and growth conditions and cooperating with soil data, and the problem of matching of nutritional requirements of plants in different physiological stages is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilization, and specifically to an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device and its control system. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural planting, especially in large-scale planting operations of a single variety, according to the needs of different growth stages of crops, realizing supply on demand through a water and fertilizer fertilization device can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, avoid resource waste, reduce production costs. At the same time, through precise irrigation and fertilization, a stable and suitable growth environment can be created for crops, promoting the healthy growth of crops, improving the yield and quality of crops, and enhancing the disease and pest resistance of crops.

[0003] For example, the published patent No. CN118715968A discloses an intelligent irrigation micro-sprinkler irrigation device, which includes a rotating micro-sprinkler component and a water supply component for supplying water to the rotating micro-sprinkler component. The rotating micro-sprinkler component includes a micro-sprinkler pipe, and a rotating micro-sprinkler head is fixedly installed at the top of the micro-sprinkler pipe; the micro-sprinkler pipe includes a bottom section, a middle section and a top section, and rotating adjustment parts are fixedly installed between the bottom section and the middle section and between the middle section and the top section.

[0004] However, in the prior art, when realizing the intelligent operation of the irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device, the collection of soil information and plant growth information is crucial. Only by collecting sufficient information data can the time and dosage of irrigation and fertilization be reasonably determined. However, the existing intelligent irrigation and fertilization devices can only collect the air temperature, humidity in the field microclimate and the soil humidity after sprinkler irrigation. The effective operation of the intelligent irrigation and fertilization device requires a comprehensive understanding of the information of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Only collecting the air temperature, humidity in the field microclimate and the soil humidity after sprinkler irrigation lacks data on soil nutrient status and plant physiological status. There are great differences in the types and amounts of fertilizers required by plants at different physiological stages. At the same time, the physiological function state of plants will also affect their fertilizer demand. Due to the lack of data on soil nutrient status and plant physiological status, it is impossible to accurately know the existing soil fertility and the needs of plants at each stage. This leads to inaccurate matching during fertilization, easily causing nutritional imbalance, resulting in situations of blind over-fertilization or under-fertilization. The former wastes resources, and the latter causes plants to lack nutrients. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device and its control system, so as to solve the problems proposed in the above background technology. The existing intelligent irrigation and fertilization devices can only collect the air temperature, humidity in the field microclimate and the soil humidity after sprinkler irrigation. The effective operation of the intelligent irrigation and fertilization device requires a comprehensive understanding of the information of the soil, plant, and atmosphere continuum. Only collecting the air temperature, humidity in the field microclimate and the soil humidity after sprinkler irrigation lacks data on soil nutrient status and plant physiological status. Due to the lack of data on soil nutrient status and plant physiological status, it is impossible to accurately know the existing soil fertility and the requirements of plants at each stage, which leads to inaccurate matching during fertilization, easy to cause nutritional imbalance, and may lead to the situation of blind over-fertilization or under-fertilization. The former wastes resources, and the latter causes the problem of plants lacking nutrients.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device, including a data acquisition mechanism and a user interaction system. The data acquisition mechanism is externally connected to a data acquisition and processing system, and the data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the user interaction system. It also includes an intelligent judgment system, an execution control system, a water and fertilizer preparation mechanism, and an irrigation mechanism. The data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the intelligent judgment system, the intelligent judgment system is electrically connected to the execution control system, and the execution control system is electrically connected to a real-time data feedback system. The data acquisition mechanism includes a drone acquisition component, a soil element detection sensor, a soil environment detection sensor, and a meteorological data collector. The drone acquisition component consists of an image acquisition drone and a soil acquisition drone. The image acquisition drone is used to collect the image information of plants, and the soil acquisition drone is used to collect soil samples for plant growth. The drone acquisition component, the soil element detection sensor, the soil environment detection sensor, and the meteorological data collector are all electrically connected to the data acquisition and processing system. The data acquisition and processing system is used to process the data collected by the data acquisition mechanism and then transmit it to the intelligent judgment system. The intelligent judgment system is used to discriminate and determine the data to generate a water and fertilizer irrigation plan for plants, and transmit the water and fertilizer irrigation plan to the execution control system. The execution control system is used to control the operation of the water and fertilizer preparation mechanism, the irrigation mechanism, and the fertilizer supply mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the user interaction system consists of a system initialization module, a digital twin loading module, an anomaly warning and prompt module, and an automated irrigation module. The system initialization module is used to automatically check device connections and load user configurations when the system starts. The digital twin loading module constructs a 3D model of the farmland in real time based on multi-source data fusion and 3D modeling technology and maps it to the mobile or computer terminal. The anomaly warning and prompt module is based on the real-time collected soil data, plant growth status image data, and meteorological data, fuses crop growth models, historical data, and meteorological prediction data, and uses machine learning algorithms to dynamically identify abnormal states and trigger alarms through threshold comparison and statistical analysis. The automated irrigation module is used to automatically control the operation of the execution control system according to preset rules.

[0008] Preferably, the intelligent judgment system consists of an edge computing preprocessing module, a cloud model iteration module, a problem judgment module, and an instruction generation module. The intelligent judgment system is based on the real-time collected soil data information and meteorological data. After filtering invalid data through the edge computing preprocessing module, it is uploaded to the cloud model iteration module for feature extraction and pattern recognition, and uses machine learning algorithms to dynamically optimize the regulation strategy and identify abnormal states. The edge computing preprocessing module processes the raw data and filters invalid information based on real-time stream processing technology. The cloud model iteration module relies on the MLOps technology stack to dynamically adjust model parameters through historical data retraining and real-time feedback, realizing the automated iteration and seamless update of algorithm versions. The problem judgment module determines the problems existing in plants and soil based on the calculation results of the cloud model iteration module. The instruction generation module generates a water and fertilizer irrigation plan and control instructions based on the problem judgment results of plants and soil and transmits the plan and control instructions to the automated irrigation module.

[0009] Preferably, the execution control system adjusts the irrigation flow rate, fertilizer ratio, and root zone environment parameters in real time by driving the irrigation flow rate adjustment module, fertilizer ratio adjustment module, and root zone environment adjustment module based on the regulation instructions generated by the intelligent judgment system. The real-time data feedback system transmits the real-time data of water and fertilizer irrigation to the execution control system and the user interaction system based on the Internet of Things sensor network.

[0010] Preferably, a fertilizer supply mechanism is fixedly connected to the upper part of the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism. A water supply pipe is externally connected to the bottom of the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism. A flow meter and a valve are respectively installed on the surface of the water supply pipe. The water and fertilizer mixing mechanism includes a mixing tank. A feed inlet is arranged at the upper part of the mixing tank, and a mixing component is installed at the upper part of the mixing tank. The mixing component is located at the center of the mixing tank. A liquid supply pump is also installed on the side of the mixing tank. A connecting main pipe is installed at the upper part of the liquid supply pump. A connecting branch pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting main pipe, and a fifth control valve is installed on the surface of the connecting main pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the fertilizer supply mechanism includes a fixed base. An expansion rod is fixedly connected to the upper part of the fixed base. The top of the expansion rod is fixedly connected to a mounting bracket, and a spring is arranged on the surface of the expansion rod. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the fixed base, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket. A pressure sensor is installed between the mounting bracket and the fixed base. One side of the mounting bracket is fixedly connected to a motor, and the other side of the mounting bracket is fixedly connected to a feeding pipe. A storage hopper is fixedly connected to the upper part of the feeding pipe. The output end of the motor is fixedly connected to a screw rod. The end of the screw rod is rotatably connected to a plurality of grinding rollers. A grinding plate is fixedly connected to the end of the feeding pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the irrigation mechanism includes a first connecting pipe. The upper part of the first connecting pipe is fixedly connected to a connecting branch pipe. The first connecting pipe is a U-shaped pipe. A first control valve and a plurality of second connecting pipes are respectively installed on both sides of the U-shaped pipe. The end of the second connecting pipe is fixedly connected to a sprinkler irrigation assembly, and a second control valve is installed on the surface of the second connecting pipe.

[0013] Preferably, two third connecting pipes are fixedly connected to the surface of the first connecting pipe. A third control valve and a plurality of fourth connecting pipes are respectively fixedly connected to the surfaces of the two third connecting pipes. The third control valve is used to control the water inlet of the plurality of fourth connecting pipes. The end of the fourth connecting pipe is fixedly connected to a drip irrigation assembly, and a fourth control valve is fixedly connected to the surface of the fourth connecting pipe.

[0014] Preferably, a lifting mechanism is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sprinkler irrigation assembly. The lifting mechanism includes a housing. A piston rod is slidably connected inside the housing. The top of the piston rod penetrates through the housing and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sprinkler irrigation assembly. A limiting ring is also fixedly connected inside the housing. The limiting ring is located at the bottom of the piston rod. A fifth connecting pipe and a sixth connecting pipe are respectively fixedly connected to the surface of the housing. A sixth control valve is installed on the surface of the fifth connecting pipe. A seventh control valve is installed on the surface of the sixth connecting pipe. The fifth connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the first connecting pipe.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. In the present invention, the key nutrient data such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are obtained in real time through the soil element detection sensor, and the temperature, humidity and pH detected by the soil environment detection sensor are combined, which breaks through the limitation of the traditional device that only monitors the air temperature and humidity and the soil humidity after spraying, and provides data support for precise fertilization. The redundant soil element detection sensor and the redundant soil environment detection sensor can re-collect the data of invalid data items, and combine the data validity judgment mechanism to ensure the authenticity of the data and avoid misjudgment caused by sensor failure. The drone collection component automatically samples when the soil is abnormal, and combines manual detection with multi-source data fusion processing to improve the response ability to complex soil changes. The image acquisition drone analyzes the state and growth of plant leaves and generates differentiated water and fertilizer solutions in coordination with soil data, solving the problem of matching the nutritional needs of plants at different physiological stages. The solution realizes the coordinated monitoring and precise regulation of the soil, plant and atmosphere continuum through multi-source data fusion, intelligent decision-making and redundant verification, and effectively improves the scientificity and economy of water and fertilizer management.

[0017] 2. In the present invention, the redundant design of the water-fertilizer mixing mechanism and the irrigation mechanism ensures the continuous operation capability of the device under abnormal working conditions. Combined with the real-time monitoring and fault area positioning functions of the data acquisition mechanism, the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the irrigation operation are significantly improved. The fertilizer supply mechanism, the mixing box, and the mixing assembly cooperate to achieve accurate proportioning and uniform mixing of fertilizers, and cooperate with the stable delivery of the liquid supply pump to ensure that the concentration of the water-fertilizer solution is controllable, solving the problem of uneven fertilization in traditional fertilization. The modular design of the sprinkler irrigation assembly and the drip irrigation assembly, combined with the multi-level zoning control of the No. 1 control valve, the No. 3 control valve, the No. 2 control valve, and the No. 4 control valve, can implement differentiated irrigation for different areas and different plants.

[0018] 3. In the present invention, the sprinkler assembly can dynamically adjust the spraying height according to the plant growth cycle through the hydraulic lifting structure of the piston rod and the shell, combined with the electronic pressure gauge to monitor the height in real time, such as low-altitude precise spraying in the seedling stage and high-position coverage in the mature stage, to ensure uniform adhesion of foliar fertilizer and improve nutrient absorption efficiency. The opening and closing control of the No. 6 control valve and the No. 7 control valve can realize the rapid locking and resetting of the sprinkler assembly, avoid the cumbersome operation of traditional mechanical adjustment, and improve the flexibility of operation. The motor drives the auger rod to work with the grinding roller, and cooperates with the grinding plate to crush the agglomerated fertilizer in the storage hopper and transport it to the mixing box through the feeding pipe, which effectively solves the concentration deviation problem caused by insufficient fertilizer dissolution and ensures the accuracy of water-fertilizer ratio. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the working process of an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the system flow of an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic three - dimensional structure diagram of the data acquisition mechanism in an intelligent irrigation and fertilization device for the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic top - view structure diagram of the irrigation mechanism in an intelligent irrigation and fertilization device for the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic three - dimensional structure diagram of the irrigation mechanism in an intelligent irrigation and fertilization device for the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic sectional three - dimensional structure diagram of the lifting mechanism in an intelligent irrigation and fertilization device for the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic working - process diagram of the lifting mechanism in an intelligent irrigation and fertilization device for the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic three - dimensional structure diagram of the water - fertilizer mixing mechanism in an intelligent irrigation and fertilization device for the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic sectional three - dimensional structure diagram of the fertilizer supply mechanism in an intelligent irrigation and fertilization device for the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1. Data acquisition mechanism; 11. UAV acquisition component; 12. Soil element detection sensor; 13. Soil environment detection sensor; 2. Irrigation mechanism; 21. First connecting pipe; 22. First control valve; 23. Second connecting pipe; 24. Second control valve; 25. Sprinkler component; 26. Third connecting pipe; 27. Third control valve; 28. Fourth connecting pipe; 29. Fourth control valve; 210. Drip irrigation component; 3. Water - fertilizer mixing mechanism; 31. Stirring tank; 32. Stirring component; 33. Liquid supply pump; 34. Connecting main pipe; 35. Connecting branch pipe; 36. Fifth control valve; 4. Fertilizer supply mechanism; 41. Fixed base; 42. Telescopic rod; 43. Spring; 44. Pressure sensor; 45. Mounting frame; 46. Feeding pipe; 47. Screw rod; 48. Grinding roller; 49. Grinding plate; 410. Storage hopper; 411. Motor; 5. Lifting mechanism; 51. Housing; 52. Piston rod; 53. Limiting ring; 54. Fifth connecting pipe; 55. Sixth control valve; 56. Sixth connecting pipe; 57. Seventh control valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1: Refer to Figures 1-9 As shown in the figure: An intelligent irrigation and fertilization device for water and fertilizer includes a data acquisition mechanism 1 and a user interaction system. The data acquisition mechanism 1 is externally connected to a data acquisition and processing system, and the data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the user interaction system. It also includes an intelligent judgment system, an execution control system, a water and fertilizer preparation mechanism 3, and an irrigation mechanism 2. The data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the intelligent judgment system, the intelligent judgment system is electrically connected to the execution control system, and the execution control system is electrically connected to the real-time data feedback system. The data acquisition mechanism 1 includes a drone acquisition component 11, a soil element detection sensor 12, a soil environment detection sensor 13, and a meteorological data collector. The drone acquisition component 11 consists of an image acquisition drone and a soil acquisition drone. The image acquisition drone is used to acquire image information of plants, and the soil acquisition drone is used to acquire soil samples for plant growth. The drone acquisition component 11, the soil element detection sensor 12, the soil environment detection sensor 13, and the meteorological data collector are all electrically connected to the data acquisition and processing system. The data acquisition and processing system performs edge-end real-time noise reduction, cloud secondary anomaly detection, and feature engineering on the data collected by the data acquisition mechanism 1, and transmits the processed data to the intelligent judgment system. The intelligent judgment system is used to discriminate and determine the data, generate a water and fertilizer irrigation plan for the plants, and transmit the water and fertilizer irrigation plan to the execution control system. The execution control system is used to control the operation of the water and fertilizer preparation mechanism 3, the irrigation mechanism 2, and the fertilizer supply mechanism 4;

[0031] The user interaction system consists of a system initialization module, a digital twin loading module, an anomaly warning and prompt module, and an automated irrigation module. The system initialization module is used to automatically check device connections and load user configurations when the system starts. The digital twin loading module constructs a 3D model of the farmland in real time based on multi-source data fusion and 3D modeling technology and maps it to the mobile or computer terminal. The anomaly warning and prompt module is based on the soil data, plant growth status image data, and meteorological data collected in real time, fuses the crop growth model, historical data, and meteorological prediction data, and uses machine learning algorithms to dynamically identify anomaly states such as drought and fertilizer damage risks. Alarms are triggered through threshold comparisons such as soil humidity < 40% and statistical analysis such as the EC value exceeding twice the average for three consecutive days, which is used to alarm the abnormal conditions of the plant growth status and soil status. The automated irrigation module is used to automatically control the operation of the execution control system according to preset rules. The intelligent judgment system consists of an edge computing preprocessing module, a cloud model iteration module, a problem judgment module, and an instruction generation module. The intelligent judgment system is based on the soil data information and meteorological data collected in real time. After filtering invalid data through the edge computing preprocessing module, it is uploaded to the cloud model iteration module for feature extraction and pattern recognition, and uses machine learning algorithms to dynamically optimize the control strategy and identify anomaly states. The edge computing preprocessing module processes the raw data and filters invalid information based on real-time stream processing technology. The cloud model iteration module relies on the MLOps technology stack (such as continuous integration / deployment CI / CD pipelines, automated model monitoring, and A / B testing), dynamically adjusts the model parameters through historical data retraining and real-time feedback, and realizes the automated iteration and seamless update of the algorithm version. The problem judgment module determines the problems existing in the plants and soil according to the calculation results of the cloud model iteration module. The instruction generation module generates a water and fertilizer irrigation plan and control instructions according to the problem judgment results of the plants and soil, and transmits the plan and control instructions to the automated irrigation module. The execution control system adjusts the irrigation flow rate, fertilizer ratio, and root zone environment parameters in real time by driving the irrigation flow rate adjustment module, fertilizer ratio adjustment module, and root zone environment adjustment module based on the control instructions generated by the intelligent judgment system. The real-time data feedback system transmits the real-time data of water and fertilizer irrigation to the execution control system and the user interaction system based on the Internet of Things sensor network.

[0032] In this embodiment, when performing water and fertilizer management on the planted plants, a plurality of soil element detection sensors 12 and soil environment detection sensors 13 are installed in the planted soil. The two are respectively classified into necessary soil element detection sensors 12 and necessary soil environment detection sensors 13, and redundant soil element detection sensors 12 and redundant soil environment detection sensors 13. The necessary soil element detection sensors 12 are used to measure the elements required for plant growth in the soil and collect relevant information, such as macronutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Then, the necessary soil environment detection sensors 13 collect data such as the temperature, humidity, and pH value of the soil and transmit the data to an external data acquisition and processing system.

[0033] First, the data acquisition and processing system determines the validity of the data collected by the necessary soil element detection sensors 12 and the necessary soil environment detection sensors 13. The data validity determination can be made by the data deviation amount within a set interval data acquisition time period. For example, if the soil humidity suddenly drops from 90% to 60% within half an hour, it indicates that the data is invalid. It can also be determined by the rationality of the data. For example, if the soil temperature is thirty degrees Celsius and the ambient temperature is minus five degrees Celsius, it indicates that the data is invalid. At the same time, the validity of the data can be verified by combining the two. When the collected data is valid, the data acquisition and processing system continues to perform arithmetic processing on the collected data. When the collected data is invalid, the redundant soil element detection sensors 12 or the redundant soil environment detection sensors 13 are used to collect the detection items corresponding to the invalid data again to ensure that the collected data is true and valid.

[0034] When the calculation result of the data acquisition and processing system conforms to the calculation result of the optimization model based on historical data and real-time feedback, it indicates that the soil change situation is normal. The intelligent judgment system extracts the characteristic information of the soil change. If the change situation is abnormal, the soil sampling drone in the drone acquisition component 11 is used to sample the soil with abnormal changes. The planting personnel further detect the sampled soil. After the detection is completed, the detection results are input into the user interaction system. The intelligent judgment system extracts the manually input soil change characteristic information, performs multi-source consistency processing on the characteristics through the intelligent judgment system, and generates a specific water and fertilizer irrigation plan for the soil change characteristics through the edge computing preprocessing module and the cloud model iteration module.

[0035] While collecting soil data, the plant is photographed by the image acquisition drone, and the data is also transmitted to the data acquisition and processing system. Similarly, through the above-mentioned operation plan, the specific water and fertilizer irrigation plan is determined according to the leaf state and growth situation of the plant.

[0036] By collecting meteorological information, it is possible to predict in advance soil moisture evaporation, crop transpiration, and fertilizer absorption efficiency, enabling dynamic adjustment of irrigation plans. For example, when there is high temperature, low humidity, and no rain, the irrigation volume is increased and nitrogen fertilizer is supplemented; when there is rain and low temperature, irrigation is suspended and fertilization is postponed. By linking real-time meteorological data with the automatic irrigation module, water conservation can be achieved;

[0037] The key nutrient data such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are obtained in real time through the soil element detection sensor 12. Combining with the temperature, humidity, and pH detected by the soil environment detection sensor 13, it breaks through the limitation of traditional devices that only monitor air temperature and humidity and soil humidity after spraying, providing data support for precise fertilization. The redundant soil element detection sensor 12 and redundant soil environment detection sensor 13 can re-collect the data of invalid data items. Combining with the data validity judgment mechanism, it ensures the authenticity of the data and avoids misjudgment caused by sensor failure. The UAV acquisition component 11 automatically samples when the soil is abnormal. Combining manual detection with multi-source data fusion processing, it improves the response ability to complex soil changes. The image acquisition UAV analyzes the plant leaf state and growth situation, and generates a differentiated water and fertilizer plan in cooperation with soil data, solving the problem of matching the nutritional needs in different physiological stages of plants. Through multi-source data fusion, intelligent decision-making, and redundant verification, this plan realizes the collaborative monitoring and precise control of the soil, plant, and atmosphere continuum, effectively improving the scientificity and economy of water and fertilizer management;

[0038] During irrigation, the irrigation flow regulation module controls the irrigation flow according to the water and fertilizer plan, the fertilizer ratio regulation module mixes the water and fertilizer with the corresponding concentration according to the fertilizer concentration requirement in the water and fertilizer plan, and the root zone environment regulation module adjusts the temperature, humidity, and pH of the soil based on the monitoring results of the soil environment by the soil environment detection sensor 13.

[0039] Example 2: Figures 1-9As shown, the upper parts of the plurality of water-fertilizer mixing mechanisms 3 are respectively fixedly connected with fertilizer supply mechanisms 4, and the plurality of water-fertilizer mixing mechanisms 3 are divided into necessary water-fertilizer mixing mechanisms 3 and redundant water-fertilizer mixing mechanisms 3. The bottom of the water-fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 is externally connected with a water supply pipe, and the surface of the water supply pipe is respectively installed with a flow meter and a valve. The water-fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 includes a mixing box 31, and the upper part of the mixing box 31 is provided with a feed inlet, and the upper part of the mixing box 31 is installed with a mixing component 32, and the mixing component 32 is located at the center of the mixing box 31. A liquid supply pump 33 is also installed on the side of the mixing box 31, and a connecting main pipe 34 is installed on the upper part of the liquid supply pump 33. The bottom of the connecting main pipe 34 is fixedly connected with a connecting branch pipe 35, and a No. 5 control valve 36 is installed on the surface of the connecting main pipe 34. The plurality of irrigation mechanisms 2 are divided into necessary plurality of irrigation mechanisms 2 and redundant plurality of irrigation mechanisms. Structure 2, the irrigation mechanism 2 includes a No. 1 connecting pipe 21, the upper part of the No. 1 connecting pipe 21 is fixedly connected to the connecting branch pipe 35, the No. 1 connecting pipe 21 is a U-shaped pipe, and a No. 1 control valve 22 and a plurality of No. 2 connecting pipes 23 are respectively installed on both sides of the U-shaped pipe, the end of the No. 2 connecting pipe 23 is fixedly connected with a sprinkler assembly 25, and a No. 2 control valve 24 is installed on the surface of the No. 2 connecting pipe 23, two No. 3 connecting pipes 26 are fixedly connected to the surface of the No. 1 connecting pipe 21, and a No. 3 control valve 27 and a plurality of No. 4 connecting pipes 28 are respectively fixedly connected to the surfaces of the two No. 3 connecting pipes 26, the No. 3 control valve 27 is used to control the water inlet of the plurality of No. 4 connecting pipes 28, the end of the No. 4 connecting pipe 28 is fixedly connected with a drip irrigation assembly 210, and the surface of the No. 4 connecting pipe 28 is fixedly connected with a No. 4 control valve 29.

[0040] In this embodiment, after the water-fertilizer allocation mechanism 3 completes the solution ratio according to the irrigation plan, the water-fertilizer allocation mechanism 3 cooperates with the irrigation mechanism 2 to perform irrigation operations, and the data acquisition mechanism 1 monitors the executed fertilization status. When irrigation abnormality is detected, the redundantly designed water-fertilizer allocation mechanism 3 can be started to cooperate with the irrigation mechanism 2 to perform irrigation operations. When the redundantly designed water-fertilizer allocation mechanism 3 and the irrigation mechanism 2 cannot complete the set irrigation operations, an alarm is issued to the personnel through the user interaction system, and the data of the area where irrigation is not completed is collected by the data acquisition mechanism 1 and the problem area is determined through the user interaction system, which is convenient for personnel to investigate. During the overall operation, when the output data edge verification fails, the personnel directly intervenes to process and quickly troubleshoot the fault. The edge verification failure means that the real-time data verification executed on the edge computing device fails the preset rules;

[0041] Before performing water and fertilizer irrigation, the execution control system quantitatively adds the required fertilizers into the interior of the mixing tank 31 through the fertilizer supply mechanism 4 according to the water and fertilizer irrigation plan, and then injects a fixed amount of water into the interior of the mixing tank 31 through the water supply pipe. The water and fertilizers are mixed by the mixing assembly 32, and then the water and fertilizer supply is carried out through the liquid supply pump 33. The plants can be sprayed and irrigated through the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25, and at the same time, the spraying operation of foliar fertilizer can be carried out. The plants can be drip-irrigated through the drip irrigation assembly 210, achieving the purposes of water conservation, precise irrigation, precise fertilization, etc. When it is necessary to adjust the soil pH value, raw materials for pH adjustment or acidic and alkaline fertilizers can be added into the fertilizer supply mechanism 4 to adjust the soil pH value during water and fertilizer irrigation;

[0042] Through the data collection mechanism 1 to collect the plant and soil information data, the growth status of plants in different regions of the cultivated land and information such as elements and humidity in the soil can be accurately judged. By closing or opening the first control valve 22 and the third control valve 27, the independent control and adjustment of the opening or closing of water and fertilizer irrigation in different cultivated areas can be realized. By closing or opening the second control valve 24 and the fourth control valve 29, the sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation of a certain plant or several plants in different regions can be accurately carried out. When only clean water irrigation of plants is required, clean water can be directly injected into the mixing tank 31. The geothermal exchange coiled pipes are embedded in the cultivated area to adjust the soil temperature, thereby creating a variable root zone environment;

[0043] The redundant design of the water and fertilizer preparation mechanism 3 and the irrigation mechanism 2 ensures the continuous operation ability of the system under abnormal working conditions. Combining the real-time monitoring and fault area positioning functions of the data collection mechanism 1 significantly improves the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the irrigation operation. The fertilizer supply mechanism 4, the mixing tank 31 and the mixing assembly 32 cooperate to achieve the precise ratio and uniform mixing of fertilizers. With the stable transportation of the liquid supply pump 33, the concentration of the water and fertilizer solution is ensured to be controllable, solving the problem of uneven traditional fertilization. The modular design of the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25 and the drip irrigation assembly 210, combined with the multi-stage zoning control of the first control valve 22, the third control valve 27, the second control valve 24 and the fourth control valve 29, can implement differential irrigation for different regions and different plants. The multi-dimensional data perception ability of the data collection mechanism 1 supports the dynamic adjustment of the irrigation strategy by the user interaction system. Combining the real-time verification of edge computing and the manual intervention mechanism, the scientificity and flexibility of the system decision-making are ensured.

[0044] Embodiment 3: Figures 3-9As shown in the figure, the fertilizer supply mechanism 4 includes a fixed base 41. A telescopic rod 42 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the fixed base 41. The top of the telescopic rod 42 is fixedly connected with a mounting frame 45. A spring 43 is arranged on the surface of the telescopic rod 42. One end of the spring 43 is fixedly connected with the fixed base 41, and the other end of the spring 43 is fixedly connected with the mounting frame 45. A pressure sensor 44 is installed between the mounting frame 45 and the fixed base 41. One side of the mounting frame 45 is fixedly connected with a motor 411. The other side of the mounting frame 45 is fixedly connected with a feed pipe 46. The upper part of the feed pipe 46 is fixedly connected with a storage hopper 410. The output end of the motor 411 is fixedly connected with an auger rod 47. The end of the auger rod 47 is rotatably connected with a plurality of grinding rollers 48. The end of the feed pipe 46 is fixedly connected with a grinding plate 49;

[0045] The bottom of the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25 is fixedly connected with a lifting mechanism 5. The lifting mechanism 5 includes a housing 51. A piston rod 52 is slidably connected inside the housing 51. The top of the piston rod 52 penetrates through the housing 51 and is fixedly connected with the bottom of the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25. A limiting ring 53 is also fixedly connected inside the housing 51. The limiting ring 53 is located at the bottom of the piston rod 52. A fifth connecting pipe 54 and a sixth connecting pipe 56 are respectively fixedly connected to the surface of the housing 51. A sixth control valve 55 is installed on the surface of the fifth connecting pipe 54. A seventh control valve 57 is installed on the surface of the sixth connecting pipe 56. The fifth connecting pipe 54 is fixedly connected with the first connecting pipe 21.

[0046] In this embodiment, when the plants are at different growth stages and have different heights, when spraying foliar fertilizer, it is necessary to adjust the height of the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25. At this time, by opening the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25, the pressurized solution inside the first connecting pipe 21 is introduced into the housing 51. At this time, the piston rod 52 moves upward along the housing 51, thereby raising the height of the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25. At the same time, an electronic pressure gauge can also be installed on the upper part of the housing 51. By monitoring the pressure inside the housing 51, the rising height of the piston rod 52 can be judged, and then the height of the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25 can be judged. When the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25 reaches the appropriate height, close the sixth control valve 55 to keep the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25 at the appropriate height. By opening the seventh control valve 57, the solution inside the housing 51 flows out, and the pressure inside the housing 51 returns to balance and the piston rod 52 drops. At this time, the sprinkler irrigation assembly 25 completes the reset;

[0047] When the fertilizer supply mechanism 4 supplies fertilizer, the motor 411 drives the auger rod 47 to rotate, and the fertilizer stored in the storage hopper 410 is sent into the mixing tank 31 through the feed pipe 46 and the grinding plate 49. When the auger rod 47 rotates, it will drive the grinding rollers 48 to rotate. The grinding rollers 48 and the grinding plate 49 grind and crush the lumpy fertilizer to prevent the lumpy fertilizer from entering the mixing tank 31 and being unable to dissolve completely during mixing, resulting in insufficient concentration of the formulated fertilizer;

[0048] The sprinkler component 25 can dynamically adjust the spraying height according to the plant growth cycle through the hydraulic lifting structure of the piston rod 52 and the housing 51, and combines with an electronic pressure gauge to monitor the height in real time. For example, it can perform precise spraying at a low height during the seedling stage and high-level coverage during the mature stage, ensuring uniform attachment of foliar fertilizer and improving the nutrient absorption efficiency. The opening and closing control of the sixth control valve 55 and the seventh control valve 57 realizes the quick locking and reset of the sprinkler component 25, avoiding the cumbersome operation of traditional mechanical adjustment and improving the operation flexibility. The motor 411 drives the auger rod 47 and the grinding roller 48 to work together, and cooperates with the grinding plate 49 to crush the caked fertilizer in the storage hopper 410, and conveys it to the mixing tank 31 through the feeding pipe 46, effectively solving the concentration deviation problem caused by insufficient fertilizer dissolution and ensuring the accuracy of the water-fertilizer ratio.

[0049] The working principle and usage method of this device: When performing water-fertilizer management on the planted plants, install multiple soil element detection sensors 12 and soil environment detection sensors 13 in the planted soil. Classify the multiple soil element detection sensors 12 and soil environment detection sensors 13 into necessary soil element detection sensors 12, necessary soil environment detection sensors 13, redundant soil element detection sensors 12, and redundant soil environment detection sensors 13 respectively. The necessary soil element detection sensors 12 measure the elements required for plant growth in the soil and collect relevant information, such as macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Then, the necessary soil environment detection sensors 13 collect data such as the temperature, humidity, and pH value of the soil and transmit the data to an external data acquisition and processing system. First, the data acquisition and processing system judges the validity of the data collected by the necessary soil element detection sensors 12 and the necessary soil environment detection sensors 13. The data validity judgment can be made by the data deviation amount within the set interval data acquisition time period. When the collected data is valid, the data acquisition and processing system continues to perform arithmetic processing on the collected data. When the collected data is invalid, the redundant soil element detection sensors 12 or the redundant soil environment detection sensors 13 re-collect the corresponding invalid data detection items to ensure the authenticity and validity of the collected data;

[0050] While collecting soil data, use an image acquisition drone to take pictures of the plants and also transmit the data to the data acquisition and processing system. Similarly, obtain the operation plan through the above method, and judge the specific water-fertilizer irrigation plan according to the leaf state and growth situation of the plants;

[0051] By collecting meteorological information, it is possible to predict in advance the soil water evaporation, crop transpiration, and fertilizer absorption efficiency, enabling the irrigation plan to be dynamically adjusted. For example, increase the irrigation amount in case of high temperature, low humidity, and no rain, and supplement nitrogen fertilizer. Suspend irrigation and postpone the fertilization time in case of rainy and low temperature. By linking real-time meteorological data with the automatic irrigation module, water conservation can be achieved;

[0052] After the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 completes the solution ratio according to the irrigation plan, it cooperates with the irrigation mechanism 2 to perform irrigation operations. Before executing the water and fertilizer irrigation, the execution control system, according to the water irrigation plan, quantitatively adds the required fertilizer into the mixing tank 31 through the fertilizer supply mechanism 4, and then injects a certain amount of water into the mixing tank 31 through the water supply pipe. The water and fertilizer are mixed by the mixing assembly 32, and then the water and fertilizer are supplied through the liquid supply pump 33. The plants can be irrigated by spraying through the sprinkler assembly 25, and at the same time, the spraying operation of foliar fertilizer can be carried out;

[0053] When only clear water irrigation is required for the plants, clear water can be directly injected into the mixing tank 31. When the plants are at different growth stages and have different heights, when performing the spraying of foliar fertilizer, the height of the sprinkler assembly 25 needs to be adjusted. At this time, the height of the sprinkler assembly 25 can be adjusted through the lifting mechanism 5.

[0054] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device, comprising a data acquisition mechanism (1) and a user interaction system, wherein the data acquisition mechanism (1) is externally connected to a data acquisition processing system, and the data acquisition processing system is electrically connected to the user interaction system, characterized in that: It also includes an intelligent judgment system, an execution control system, a water and fertilizer allocation mechanism (3) and an irrigation mechanism (2), wherein the data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the intelligent judgment system, the intelligent judgment system is electrically connected to the execution control system, and the execution control system is electrically connected to the real-time data feedback system; The data collection mechanism (1) comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle collection component (11), a soil element detection sensor (12), a soil environment detection sensor (13) and a meteorological data collector, and all four are electrically connected to the data collection and processing system. The unmanned aerial vehicle collection component (11) is composed of an image collection unmanned aerial vehicle for collecting image information of plants and a soil collection unmanned aerial vehicle for collecting soil samples of plant growth; The data collection and processing system performs real-time noise reduction at the edge, secondary anomaly detection in the cloud, and feature engineering on the data collected by the data collection mechanism (1), and transmits the processed data to the intelligent judgment system. The intelligent judgment system is used to judge and determine the data, generate a water and fertilizer irrigation plan for the plants, and transmit the water and fertilizer irrigation plan to the execution control system. The execution control system is used to control the operation of the water and fertilizer allocation mechanism (3), the irrigation mechanism (2), and the fertilizer supply mechanism (4).

2. The intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The user interaction system consists of a system initialization module, a digital twin loading module, an abnormal warning prompt module and an automatic irrigation module. The system initialization module is used to automatically check the device connection and load the user configuration when the system starts. The digital twin loading module maps the real farmland scene in real time based on multi-source data fusion and three-dimensional modeling technology, and constructs the real farmland scene into a 3D model and maps it to the mobile terminal or computer terminal. The abnormal warning prompt module is based on real-time collected soil data, plant growth status image data and meteorological data, integrating crop growth models, historical data and meteorological forecast data, and using machine learning algorithms to dynamically identify abnormal states, and trigger alarms through threshold comparison and statistical analysis. The automatic irrigation module is used to automatically control the execution of the control system according to preset rules.

3. The intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent judgment system consists of an edge computing preprocessing module, a cloud model iteration module, a problem judgment module and an instruction generation module. The intelligent judgment system is based on real-time collected soil data information and meteorological data. After filtering invalid data through the edge computing preprocessing module, it is uploaded to the cloud model iteration module for feature extraction and pattern recognition, and a machine learning algorithm is used to dynamically optimize the control strategy and identify abnormal conditions. The edge computing preprocessing module processes raw data and filters invalid information based on real-time stream processing technology; the cloud-based model iteration module relies on the MLOps technology stack to dynamically adjust model parameters through historical data backtraining and real-time feedback streams to achieve automatic iteration and seamless update of algorithm versions; the problem judgment module determines the problems of plants and soil based on the calculation results of the cloud-based model iteration module, and the instruction generation module generates water and fertilizer irrigation plans and control instructions based on the judgment results of the problems of plants and soil, and transmits the plans and control instructions to the automatic irrigation module.

4. The intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The execution control system adjusts the irrigation flow, fertilizer ratio and root zone environmental parameters in real time by driving the irrigation flow adjustment module, fertilizer ratio adjustment module and root zone environment adjustment module based on the control instructions generated by the intelligent judgment system. The real-time data feedback system transmits the real-time data of water and fertilizer irrigation to the execution control system and the user interaction system based on the Internet of Things sensor network.

5. The intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the water-fertilizer mixing mechanism (3) is fixedly connected to a fertilizer supply mechanism (4), and the bottom of the water-fertilizer mixing mechanism (3) is externally connected to a water supply pipe, and a flow meter and a valve are respectively installed on the surface of the water supply pipe; The water-fertilizer mixing mechanism (3) comprises a mixing box (31), the upper part of which is provided with a feed inlet, and the upper part of which is provided with a mixing assembly (32), the mixing assembly (32) being located at the center of the mixing box (31), and the side of the mixing box (31) is also provided with a liquid supply pump (33), the upper part of the liquid supply pump (33) is provided with a connecting main pipe (34), the other end of the connecting main pipe (34) is fixedly connected with a connecting branch pipe (35), and the connecting main pipe (34) is provided with a No. 5 control valve (36).

6. The intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fertilizer supply mechanism (4) comprises a fixed base (41), the upper part of the fixed base (41) is fixedly connected to a telescopic rod (42), the top of the telescopic rod (42) is fixedly connected to a mounting frame (45), and a spring (43) is arranged on the surface of the telescopic rod (42), one end of the spring (43) is fixedly connected to the fixed base (41), and the other end of the spring (43) is fixedly connected to the mounting frame (45), a pressure sensor (44) is installed between the mounting frame (45) and the fixed base (41), one side of the mounting frame (45) is fixedly connected to a motor (411), the other side of the mounting frame (45) is fixedly connected to a feeding pipe (46), the upper part of the feeding pipe (46) is fixedly connected to a storage hopper (410), the output end of the motor (411) is fixedly connected to an auger rod (47), the end of the auger rod (47) is rotatably connected to a plurality of grinding rollers (48), and the end of the feeding pipe (46) is fixedly connected to a grinding plate (49).

7. The intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation mechanism (2) comprises a No. 1 connecting pipe (21), the upper portion of which is fixedly connected to a connecting branch pipe (35), the No. 1 connecting pipe (21) being a U-shaped pipe, a No. 1 control valve (22) and a plurality of No. 2 connecting pipes (23) being respectively installed on both sides of the U-shaped pipe, the end of the No. 2 connecting pipe (23) being fixedly connected to a sprinkler assembly (25), and a No. 2 control valve (24) being installed on the surface of the No. 2 connecting pipe (23).

8. The intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two No. 3 connecting pipes (26) are fixedly connected to the surface of the No. 1 connecting pipe (21), and a No. 3 control valve (27) and a plurality of No. 4 connecting pipes (28) are respectively fixedly connected to the surfaces of the two No. 3 connecting pipes (26). The No. 3 control valve (27) is used to control the water inflow of the plurality of No. 4 connecting pipes (28). The end of the No. 4 connecting pipe (28) is fixedly connected to a drip irrigation assembly (210), and the surface of the No. 4 connecting pipe (28) is fixedly connected to a No. 4 control valve (29).

9. The intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer fertilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the sprinkler assembly (25) is fixedly connected with a lifting mechanism (5), and the lifting mechanism (5) comprises a shell (51), and a piston rod (52) is slidably connected inside the shell (51), and the top end of the piston rod (52) passes through the shell (51) and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sprinkler assembly (25), and a limit ring (53) is also fixedly connected inside the shell (51), and the limit ring (53) is located at the bottom of the piston rod (52), and the surface of the shell (51) is respectively fixedly connected with a No. 5 connecting pipe (54) and a No. 6 connecting pipe (56), and a No. 6 control valve (55) is installed on the surface of the No. 5 connecting pipe (54), and a No. 7 control valve (57) is installed on the surface of the No. 6 connecting pipe (56), and the No. 5 connecting pipe (54) is fixedly connected to the No. 1 connecting pipe (21).

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