Method for preventing and treating rice diseases and insect pests

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling rice diseases and pests and belongs to the technical field of agricultural disease and pest control. The method comprises the following steps: ploughing a land before winter to completely freeze upturned soil blocks, smashing soil blocks after the beginning of spring, irrigating a field, draining water after soaking thoroughly, applying sufficient base fertilizer, and leveling so that a seedling plate is compact and pasty at the lower part and has no water pit; rice seeds are selected and subjected to water selection, sunk seeds are disinfected and sowed, and after grain seedlings grow to have one leaf and one core and weaning fertilizer is applied, tobacco leaf soaking liquid or chimney oil is mixed with water and then sprayed to prevent and control diseases and insect pests; when the grain seedlings are in the strongest tillering stage and the tillering peak period, tobacco leaf soaking liquid or chimney oil is mixed with water and then sprayed for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests. According to the method for preventing and treating the rice diseases and insect pests, the use and residues of chemical pesticides are reduced to the maximum extent, so that the grains do not contain pesticide residues, a guarantee is provided for human health, meanwhile, the production cost of grain crops is greatly reduced, and a new way is provided for preventing and treating the agricultural diseases and insect pests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling rice diseases and pests, belonging to the technical field of agricultural pest control. Background Art

[0002] Rice is one of the important food crops and occupies an important position in the national economy. Its sown area, total output and yield per unit all rank first among food crops, and its output accounts for more than 50% of the total grain output, indicating the importance of rice. However, due to the relatively low planting return rate of rice, the enthusiasm of farmers for growing grain is generally low. Coupled with the rampant occurrence of rice diseases and pests, the yield has decreased. At present, for the rampant occurrence of rice diseases and pests, a common method is to use a mixture of various chemical pesticides for prevention and control. There are many types of insecticides and fungicides, and among the fungicides, there are also various fungicides according to different mechanisms of killing fungi or bacteria. Therefore, the types of chemical pesticides used for different types of diseases and pests are also different. The biggest drawback of using chemical pesticides to control diseases and pests is the residue of pesticides. Although most of the existing pesticides are highly efficient and low-toxic, a large part of the pesticides still have a long residual time and stable chemical properties, and they remain in the crops while killing the pests and diseases. How to fundamentally eliminate chemical pesticide pollution from the source, it is very urgent for the majority of grain farmers to demand technologies and methods suitable for green prevention and control of rice diseases and pests to effectively reduce production costs and improve economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0004] In order to solve the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling rice diseases and pests.

[0005] (2) Technical Solutions

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0007] A method for preventing and controlling rice diseases and pests, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Plow the land before winter to freeze the soil lumps through (which can break the soil hardpan layer, increase soil voids, and freeze the overwintering pests and their eggs underground, etc.), break up the soil lumps after the spring begins, and clean up the remaining rice stubbles;

[0009] S2. Irrigate the field, drain the water after soaking thoroughly, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and level the land so that the seedling bed is firm at the bottom and soft at the top without water pits;

[0010] S3. Select rice seeds, sun the seeds in sunny weather before soaking, and then perform water selection to select the sinking seeds;

[0011] S4. Disinfect the sinking seeds;

[0012] S5. Sow the disinfected rice seeds into the field;

[0013] S6. When the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart, apply the weaning fertilizer. After a few days, apply the tobacco leaf soaking solution or chimney oil diluted with water by spraying to prevent and control pests and diseases;

[0014] S7. When the seedlings are in the vigorous tillering stage and the peak tillering stage, spray the tobacco leaf soaking solution or chimney oil diluted with water by spraying to prevent and control pests and diseases.

[0015] In the method as described above, preferably, in step S1, after clearing the residual rice stubble in the field, dig ditches and level the ridges. Lead small water into the ditches to collapse the ridge edges, making the soil on the ridge edges hard. When flooding the field, the soil on the ditch edges will not spread down.

[0016] In the method as described above, preferably, in step S1, for the plots where rice blast occurs, first disinfect the soil with dexon.

[0017] In the method as described above, preferably, in step S2, before irrigation, first evenly sprinkle fresh quicklime powder in the field at a dosage of 70 - 80 kg / mu, then plow and harrow to evenly mix the soil and lime powder. Irrigate the field so that the water surface is 6 - 9 cm from the ground surface and maintain for 7 - 9 days.

[0018] In the method as described above, preferably, in step S3, the time for sunning the seeds is 5 - 8 hours; the time for water selection and seed soaking is 5 - 6 hours, and then keep the seeds that sink.

[0019] In the method as described above, preferably, in step S4, the disinfection is to soak the seeds that sink with quicklime water with a mass concentration of 0.8 - 1%. The rice seeds are soaked for 1 - 2 hours with a static immersion depth of 8 - 10 cm below the water surface. During the seed soaking period, flipping or stirring is prohibited.

[0020] In the method as described above, preferably, in step S5, when sowing, the soil in the field is moist but not muddy. The seeds are semi - buried in the soil, and after sowing, cover them with nutrient soil or well - decomposed, finely crushed and sun - dried livestock manure.

[0021] In the method as described above, preferably, in step S6, the weaning fertilizer is to apply 5 - 10 kg of urea per mu, or 10 - 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu; after 5 - 7 days, apply the tobacco leaf soaking solution or chimney oil diluted with water by spraying.

[0022] In the method as described above, preferably, the tobacco leaf soaking solution is prepared by mixing tobacco leaf and water at a ratio of 1 g:20 - 25 mL. Take the solution after soaking for 3 - 5 days and filtering. Dilute 100 mL of the tobacco leaf soaking solution with 10 L of water and then spray.

[0023] For the method described above, preferably, after 2 - 3 mL of chimney oil is stirred evenly with 100 - 150 mL of ethanol, 50 - 80 L of water is added and then it is sprayed.

[0024] (III) Beneficial effects

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] A method for preventing and controlling rice diseases and pests provided by the present invention uses tobacco leaf soaking solution or chimney oil to prevent and control diseases and pests, minimizing the use and residue of chemical pesticides to the greatest extent, so that there is no pesticide residue in the grain, providing guarantee for human health. At the same time, it greatly reduces the production cost of food crops and provides a new way for the prevention and control of agricultural diseases and pests. Specific embodiments

[0027] For better explanation and understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for preventing and controlling rice diseases and pests includes the following steps:

[0030] S1. Plow the land before winter (November) so that the soil blocks can be frozen through in winter, which can break the soil hardpan layer, increase soil voids, freeze overwintering pests and their eggs underground, etc. and improve the soil structure; it helps the soil to be more loose and fertile during spring sowing; break up the soil clods in spring and clean up the residual rice stubble in the field.

[0031] After digging ditches and leveling the ridges, lead small water into the ditches to collapse the ridge sides, making the soil on the ridge sides hard. When flooding the field for paddy field preparation, the soil on the ditch sides will not slump down.

[0032] For the plots where rice blast often occurs, first disinfect the soil: evenly pour 2.5 g of 70% dexon plus 600 times water on the prepared seedbed, and then add a small amount of water to make the dexon penetrate into the soil.

[0033] S2. Flood the field and soak the soil: First, irrigate the field with water to make the soil fully absorb water and expand, making the hard lumps in the soil become soft.

[0034] Drain the water after soaking through: After the soil fully absorbs water, drain the water in the field, which helps the impurities and harmful substances in the soil to flow out with the water, and at the same time makes the soil moderately dry for easy tillage;

[0035] Apply sufficient base fertilizer: After the soil is moderately dry, apply sufficient base fertilizer. The base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, which can provide necessary nutrients for the entire growth period of rice.

[0036] Level the land: After fertilization, use tillage machinery to plow and level the land to ensure that the soil is soft and the surface is flat, which is beneficial to the uniform growth of rice.

[0037] The lower part of the seedling bed is firm and the upper part is muddy: When preparing the land, pay attention to making the lower part of the seedling bed (i.e., the planting bed in the paddy field) firm and the upper part slightly soft, which is beneficial to the stability and respiration of rice roots.

[0038] No water pits: Ensure that the field is flat and there are no water accumulation pits, which can avoid the problem of root hypoxia caused by water accumulation during the growth of rice.

[0039] S3. Select rice seeds, sun-dry the seeds in sunny weather for 6 hours before soaking, and do not expose them to strong sunlight to improve the vitality of the seeds. Then conduct water selection. After soaking for 6 hours, keep the sinking seeds to improve the seed purity and reduce the number of diseased seeds.

[0040] S4. Disinfect the sinking seeds. Soak the seeds in quicklime water with a mass concentration of 0.8%. The soaked rice seeds are left to soak still in the water 8 - 10 cm below the water surface for 1 hour. During the soaking period, flipping or stirring is prohibited. After that, germination breeding or direct sowing can be carried out.

[0041] S5. Scatter the seeds on the non-muddy ridge surface, with half of the seeds buried in the soil like mud. After sowing, cover the seeds with nutrient soil (the soil is vegetable field soil or dry field soil, and the organic fertilizer is decomposed and finely crushed pig manure, and the soil-fertilizer ratio is 7:3) or decomposed, finely crushed and sun-dried livestock manure. Avoid using raw manure. Specifically, the ridge surface is non-muddy: Before sowing, ensure that the soil on the ridge surface is moist but not muddy. If the soil is too dry, it will be difficult for the seeds to germinate; if it is too wet, the seeds will sink into the mud, affecting germination and growth. Generally, do not water before the seedlings emerge. Scatter the seeds: At an appropriate soil humidity, evenly scatter the seeds on the ridge surface. Pay attention to the even distribution of the seeds during sowing to avoid being too dense or too sparse. Half of the seeds are buried in the soil like mud: After sowing, the seeds should be half-buried in the soil, that is, part of the seeds is covered by the soil and the other part is exposed outside. This can ensure that the seeds have sufficient soil contact to absorb water and nutrients, and is also conducive to the emergence of seedlings during germination.

[0042] S6. When the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart (5 - 10 cm), apply the weaning fertilizer, applying 5 - 10 kg of urea per mu or 10 - 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. After fertilization, ensure appropriate water supply to facilitate the dissolution of the fertilizer and the absorption of the seedlings. But also pay attention to drainage to avoid water accumulation causing root hypoxia. 6 days later, spray the diluted soaking solution of tobacco leaves. Specifically, after crushing the tobacco leaves, 10 g of tobacco shreds can also be used and soaked in 250 mL of water. After soaking for 4 days, filter the solution and take 100 mL, mix it with 10 L of water and spray it to prevent and control diseases and pests.

[0043] S7. The field management fertilization technology, irrigation during the late stage of rice are the same as those of conventional management fertilization and irrigation. Only during the strongest tillering stage, which is also the lush growth period, the second pest control is carried out in the large field. Still, the diluted tobacco leaf soaking solution mentioned above is used for spraying to control pests and diseases; when the rice seedlings reach the peak of rapid growth, the tillering peak stage, and the most lush growth stage, the third pest control is carried out; similarly, the diluted tobacco leaf soaking solution is used for spraying to control pests and diseases.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] This example is based on Example 1. The difference is that quicklime is also used to disinfect the large field, and the diluted tobacco leaf soaking solution is replaced by the chimney oil of the boiler, that is, the chimney oil flowing down from the chimney of the boiler room. First, 2 mL of chimney oil is stirred evenly with 100 mL of ethanol, and then sprayed after adding 50 L of water.

[0046] When flooding the fields for tillage, quicklime is used to disinfect the large field at the same time. Fresh quicklime powder is evenly spread in the large field, with a dosage of 70 - 80 kg / mu. Then, it is plowed and harrowed once to make the soil and lime powder evenly mixed. The water level in the field is kept at a height of 6 - 9 cm from the ground surface for 7 days, and then the water is drained. The purpose is to kill harmful organisms such as frog eggs, tadpoles, aquatic pests, waterweeds, fish parasites, and pathogenic bacteria. In addition, quicklime contains abundant calcium ions, which can adjust the soil pH value, promote the decomposition of organic matter, improve the soil structure, and promote the release of nutrients in the soil.

[0047] The present invention adopts wet seedling raising. The surface of the wet seedling raising bed has sufficient moisture. After sowing, the seedlings emerge quickly and uniformly, and it is not easy to occur physiological damping-off.

[0048] Research has found that by using the above method, only spraying with tobacco leaf solution or diluted chimney oil solution is needed to control pests and diseases without using any chemical pesticides, which can effectively control rice blast, sheath blight, rice planthoppers and other pests and diseases, and has a good control effect, ensuring the yield and quality of rice. The step of disinfecting seeds with quicklime water immersion will result in a significantly higher yield of 23.2% compared to those without seed soaking. Moreover, without seed soaking, it will lead to a decrease in germination rate and uneven emergence. When pathogenic bacteria infect the seedlings, it will cause symptoms such as seedling damping-off and standing dead, affecting the basic seedling number in the paddy field; even if the seedlings can survive, the plants affected by pathogenic bacteria have weak growth potential, poor stress resistance, and are vulnerable to other pests and diseases, ultimately affecting the uniformity and yield of the paddy field. When the large field is not disinfected, rice bacterial blight will occur. By using the method of the present invention, pesticides can be avoided, the cost is extremely low, the operation is simple, the source of tobacco leaves can be used as tobacco leaves, the raw material source is wide and the cost is low, which is suitable for the operation and application of the majority of agricultural personnel.

[0049] As described above, it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not impose other forms of limitations on the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can use the disclosed technical content above to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution content of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling rice diseases and insect pests, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Plow the land before winter to freeze the soil thoroughly, break up the soil in spring, and clean up the remaining rice stubble; S2. Irrigate the field, drain the water after soaking it thoroughly, apply enough base fertilizer, and level the ground so that the seedling board is solid below and there is no puddle; S3, selecting rice seeds, drying them in the sun before soaking them, and then water-selecting them to select the sunken seeds; S4. Disinfect the sunken seeds; S5, sowing the sterilized rice seeds into the field; S6. When the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart, apply weaning fertilizer. A few days later, spray tobacco leaf soaking liquid or chimney oil diluted with water to prevent and control pests and diseases; S7. When the seedlings are in the vigorous tillering period and the peak tillering period, spray them with tobacco leaf soaking liquid or chimney oil diluted with water to prevent and control diseases and pests.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S1, after cleaning the residual rice stubble in the field, ditches are dug and ridges are leveled, and small amounts of water are used to divert the ditches and collapse the ridge edges, so that the soil at the ridge edges becomes hard, so that when water is added to soak the field, the soil at the ditch edges does not spread downward.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S1, for the plots of land where damping-off disease occurs, the soil is first disinfected with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S2, before irrigation, fresh quicklime powder is evenly spread in the field at a dosage of 70-80 kg / mu, and then the soil is ploughed and harrowed to evenly mix the soil and lime powder. The field is irrigated so that the water surface is 6-9 cm above the ground and maintained for 7-9 days.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that In step S3, the time for drying the seeds is 5 to 8 hours; the time for soaking the seeds in water is 5 to 6 hours, and then the sunken seeds are left.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step S4, the disinfection is performed by soaking the seeds in quicklime water with a mass concentration of 0.8-1%. The rice seeds are placed 8-10 cm below the water surface for 1-2 hours for disinfection. During the soaking period, turning or stirring is prohibited.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S5, when sowing, the soil of the field is moist but not muddy, the seeds are half buried in the soil, and after sowing, they are covered with nutrient soil or well-rotted, finely shredded and dried livestock manure.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S6, the weaning fertilizer is 5-10 kg of urea or 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu; after 5-7 days, the tobacco leaf soaking liquid or chimney oil diluted with water is sprayed.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The tobacco leaf soaking liquid is prepared by mixing 1g of tobacco leaf with 20-25mL of water. The solution filtered after soaking for 3-5 days is taken, and 100mL of the tobacco leaf soaking liquid is diluted with 10L of water for spraying.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that 2-3 mL of the chimney oil is evenly stirred with 100-150 mL of ethanol, and then added with 50-80 L of water for spraying.