Cultivation method for improving high temperature resistance of autumn open field melon seedlings

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving high temperature resistance of autumn open field muskmelon seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of muskmelon cultivation. S2, seed preparation; s3, soil preparation; s4, sowing management; s5, management after sowing; s6, water and fertilizer management; s7, disease and pest control; s8, harvesting in a suitable period; according to the cultivation method provided by the invention, a cooling and moisturizing microclimate can be provided for an autumn open field muskmelon seedling root zone in a high-temperature period, a certain heat preservation effect is achieved for preventing sudden cooling of muskmelons about to be mature in the later period, and the planting risk of muskmelon farmers is reduced; in order to cultivate muskmelon strong seedlings and ensure normal growth of the seedlings, prohexadione calcium with proper concentration is utilized to soak the seeds from seed treatment, so that the seedling strengthening rate and stress resistance of the seedlings can be improved, and leaf fertilizer, pesticide and labor cost required by seedling strengthening in the seedling stage can be saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of melon cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the high-temperature stress resistance of autumn open-field melon seedlings. Background Technique

[0002] For the autumn melon planting in Turpan, the organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers applied to the spring crop planting plots are utilized to reduce the input cost of the base fertilizers, giving full play to the advantage of the long frost-free period in Turpan. By replanting melons in autumn, the harvest time is targeted at the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day for market listing, extending the supply period of melons, filling the shortage of melons in the Mid-Autumn Festival, National Day market, and moreover, due to the large temperature difference between day and night in autumn, the sugar accumulation and fruit quality are relatively high, achieving the purpose of cost reduction, efficiency increase and income increase for growers. With the gradual maturity of the two-season cultivation technology of melons in a year, the planting area of autumn open-field melons in Turpan City remains above 100,000 mu every year, and the purchase price per mu is 5,000 - 6,000 yuan, mainly sold to the inland markets such as Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hunan, and Guangxi.

[0003] Melons are heat-loving crops, and the most suitable temperature for their growth and development is 25 - 35 °C. When the temperature is above 40 °C, the assimilation is significantly reduced. When the temperature is above 45 °C, the reproductive growth is interfered with and damaged. Even short-term high temperature will cause physiological disorders. However, in Turpan City, the summer is hot and long, and the autumn cooling is fast and short. The high-temperature period from July to August coincides with the seed germination and seedling growth stage of autumn field melons. High temperature is likely to cause problems such as dead seedlings, yellow-leaf seedlings and spindly seedlings during the seedling stage, affecting the organ differentiation and growth and development of melons, resulting in premature senescence of melon plants in the later stage, and affecting the yield and quality of melons.

[0004] Since the high-temperature period (July and August) in autumn in Turpan coincides with the sowing and emergence period of autumn open-field melons, and at the same time, it is also the easy occurrence period of diseases and pests such as leaf burns, virus diseases, aphids, and whiteflies of autumn melons, which has an adverse impact on the growth and development of melon seedlings. In order to reduce the harm of diseases and pests to melons, it often happens that growers use a large amount of pesticides such as fungicides and insecticides, which not only increases the production cost of melon growers, but also raises the risk of the quality and safety of agricultural products in melon production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the high-temperature stress resistance of autumn open-field melon seedlings to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A cultivation method for improving the high-temperature stress resistance of autumn open-field melon seedlings, the specific steps include:

[0008] 1. Plot Selection

[0009] Select fallow land or abandoned land with soil salt content below 0.3% and pH value between 7 and 8, soil organic matter content above 1%, loam or sandy loam is preferred, flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, uniform soil conditions, and equipped with drip irrigation system; cannot be continuously cropped with watermelon and melon, the rotation period is not less than 3 years, not continuously cropped or adjacent to other cucurbitaceae and solanaceae crops, and the previous crop is preferably grain, legume or onion and garlic crops.

[0010] 2. Seed preparation

[0011] 2.1 Variety selection

[0012] For autumn open-field melons in Turpan, melon varieties suitable for local climate characteristics, high yield, high quality, heat-resistant, virus-resistant, and anti-early senescence, meeting the long-term demand for the inland market, such as Xizhoumi No. 17, Huangmengcui, etc. should be selected.

[0013] 2.2 Seed quality

[0014] The seed quality should meet the national improved seed standards. Manually select shriveled seeds, broken seeds and miscellaneous seeds, with a germination rate above 90%. Generally, for every 667m 2 Prepare enough seeds according to the seeding rate of 35 - 40g, and adjust the seeding rate appropriately according to the size of the seeds.

[0015] 2.3 Seed treatment

[0016] 2.3.1 Soaking treatment

[0017] One day before sowing, put the selected seeds into warm water at 55°C, maintain the water temperature and soak for 10 - 15 minutes, stir constantly during this period. After the temperature drops to 30°C, take out the seeds and put them into a 30 or 60-mesh net bag and soak them fully in a calcium cyclanilide solution with a concentration of 50mg·L -1 to ensure that the seeds do not float on the surface of the solution, continue to soak for 4 hours, take out and air-dry the seeds until they are not sticky to the touch.

[0018] 2.3.2 Seed dressing

[0019] For the soaked and air-dried melon seeds, use 7 - 10g of 24% thifluzamide suspension agent per kilogram of melon seeds for seed dressing. First, put the seeds into a small bucket, then add the seed dressing agent while shaking the bucket to make the seed dressing agent fully contact and mix with the seeds. Pour the stirred seeds onto an insect-proof net that is 1m long and 1.2m wide, and pull the four corners of the insect-proof net back and forth to make the agent evenly adhere to the surface of the seeds. Sow the dressed seeds the next day after air-drying.

[0020] 3. Soil preparation

[0021] 3.1 Straw returning to the field

[0022] After the previous crop is harvested, dry and crush the straw of the previous crop. For every 667m 2Sprinkle 200-300 kg evenly on the soil in the fertilizer ditch in the melon planting area, and perform rotary tillage to prepare the land.

[0023] 3.2. High temperature sunbathing

[0024] After the spring melon harvest, clean the fields and use mechanical tillage to deep plow the soil to more than 30 cm every 667 m 2 Spread fully decomposed organic fertilizer in the fertilizer ditch in the melon planting area for 5m 3 , 50% carbendazim 5-8kg, quicklime 8-10kg, to turn out the pathogens and insect pupae in the soil and fertilizer, and then irrigate with large amounts of water and plow again to dry the soil; 15-20 days before sowing autumn melons, pull the drip irrigation belt and lay the ground film, take advantage of the extreme high temperature in Turpan in summer, kill the pathogens and insect eggs in a high humidity environment, every 667m 2 Drip irrigation: 30~40m 3 , use high temperature under the film to disinfect the soil.

[0025] 3.3. Optimize fertilization

[0026] Optimized fertilization follows the principles of nutrient input with the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, basal and topdressing fertilizers, balance of macroelements and trace elements, and minimum nutrient loss. At the same time, it should be combined with soil testing and fertilization technology. 2 20 billion spores g -1 Bacillus subtilis 50g diluted 800 times or 5 billion CFU g -1 Dilute 1000g of Streptomyces tenuifolius 150 times and spray it on the soil to improve the soil.

[0027] 3.4. Tillage and land preparation

[0028] After the sun drying, land preparation begins. The planting rows are marked out with the fertilizer ditch position in the melon planting area as the center. The planting rows are then leveled with a mechanical rotary tillage machine. Based on the size of the plot, wind direction and other conditions, a row spacing of 1.8 to 2.8 meters is reserved for each row of planting.

[0029] 3.5. Laying drip irrigation tape and ground film

[0030] Drip irrigation tapes and film are laid synchronously on the planting rows by machines. For example, two drip irrigation tapes are laid on the planting belt with a row spacing of 2.8m, with a spacing of 35-40cm. One drip irrigation tape is laid on a single planting row with a row spacing of 1.8m, and the drip irrigation tape dripping water volume is 2.8-3.2L·h -1 , the two drip outlets are 25-30cm apart. Cover with 0.7-1.2m wide 5-thread 0.02mm thick black silver anti-weed reflective mulch, close to the bed surface, compact the edge of the mulch, single-row mulch surface 40-45cm, double-row mulch surface 60-70cm.

[0031] 3.6. Water before drip seeding

[0032] After laying the drip irrigation tape and plastic film, connect the main pipeline to the drip irrigation tape for a water test, and repair any leaking connections in a timely manner. One day before sowing, irrigate enough pre-sowing water, with 18 - 20 m³ of drip irrigation water per 667 m² 2 of drip irrigation water 3 to ensure that the soil under the film is thoroughly wet and the soil outside the film is infiltrated.

[0033] 4. Sowing

[0034] 4.1 Early sowing at the appropriate time

[0035] According to meteorological conditions, the most suitable sowing period for autumn open-field melons in the planting area south of the Flaming Mountains in Turpan is around July 10th, and sowing should be completed before July 15th. This can advance the development stage of the melons, enhance the disease resistance of the plants, and thus avoid or reduce the damage of virus diseases. The specific sowing time is preferably when the maximum temperature does not exceed 40°C within 5 days after sowing.

[0036] 4.2 Drilling holes and sowing

[0037] On the day of sowing, use a special hole punch to make a hole every 40 - 45 cm along the outside 2 cm of the drip irrigation tape. The hole width is 5 - 6 cm and the depth is 8 - 10 cm. Then place 1 seed at the center of the bottom of the hole and cover it with about 0.5 cm thick moist soil. With 18 - 20 m³ of drip irrigation water per 667 m² 2 of drip irrigation water 3 .

[0038] 5. Post-sowing management

[0039] 5.1 Management during the high-temperature period

[0040] 5.1.1 Checking seedlings and reseeding

[0041] After 5 - 6 days of sowing, healthy seeds should generally germinate. The normal germination rate should be above 85%. For planting holes that need reseeding, sow 1 more seed in each hole and cover it with 0.5 cm thick moist soil.

[0042] 5.1.2 Controlling water and hardening off the seedlings

[0043] Immediately after reseeding, irrigate 12 - 15 m³ of water per 667 m² 2 of drip irrigation water 3 , and then irrigate the third time after 4 - 5 days, with 18 - 20 m³ of drip irrigation water per 667 m² 2 of drip irrigation water 3 . After emergence, gradually lengthen the interval days between irrigations according to the growth of the seedlings and weather conditions. Irrigate the fourth time after 5 - 6 days, with 18 - 20 m³ of drip irrigation water per 667 m² 2 of drip irrigation water 3 .

[0044] During the seedling stage of melons, management should follow the principle of "combining control and promotion, with promotion as the main focus", controlling water to promote root growth and cultivating strong seedlings for rapid growth. However, comprehensive consideration should be given and excessive water control should be avoided to prevent premature senescence in the later stage. When the melon seedlings have 3 true leaves, start water control and squatting seedlings. According to the seedling condition and temperature, gradually extend the watering interval from once every 6 - 7 days to 8 - 10 days. When the melon seedlings grow to 6 - 7 true leaves, the squatting seedlings end and normal management resumes, watering once every 6 - 7 days. When the highest temperature is below 40°C, water control and squatting seedlings can be carried out for 8 - 10 days. When the highest temperature reaches 45°C or above, after 4 - 5 days of water control, drip irrigate 7 - 9 m 2 of water every 667 m 3 . Generally, water is dripped 4 - 5 times when the squatting seedlings end.

[0045] 5.1.3. Foliar topdressing

[0046] Starting from when the melons have 3 true leaves during the high - temperature period, to avoid damage to the leaves caused by spraying pesticides at high temperatures, spraying should be carried out after the afternoon temperature begins to drop, that is, spraying a 5 mmol·L -1 aqueous solution of CaCl2 after 19:00 in the afternoon, once every 6 - 7 days, for 3 - 5 consecutive times; for yellowing of melon seedling leaves caused by high temperatures, a 0.2 - 0.3% ferrous sulfate solution can be sprayed, once every 6 - 7 days, for 2 - 3 consecutive times; for calcium deficiency caused by high temperatures, a 1% superphosphate leaching solution or 0.5% calcium chloride + 5 ppm naphthalene acetic acid can be used for foliar spraying, once every 6 - 7 days, for 2 - 3 consecutive times.

[0047] 5.2. Flower and fruit management

[0048] 5.2.1. Pruning and pinching

[0049] For autumn - planted melons, pruning and pinching should be carried out in a timely manner. At the same time, water and fertilizer management should be in place to ensure the lush growth of plant leaves. Adopt the double - vine pruning method. The main vine grows by climbing and retains a single fruit. Pinch the main vine at 1 leaf and 1 heart in front of the fruit, and pinch the main vine when it has 28 - 30 leaves. After thinning the seedlings, retain a lateral vine closest to the base of the main vine. When this lateral vine grows to 40 - 50 cm, remove other lateral vines and secondary vines, and gradually wind it around the base of the main vine as it grows to play a role in shading and protecting the roots. After fruit setting, follow the principle of "tight in the front and loose in the back", that is, before fruit setting, pruning management should be strictly carried out according to pinching at 1 leaf and 1 heart, and no further pruning and pinching are required after fruit setting.

[0050] 5.2.2. Vine burying

[0051] When burying the vines, first straighten the vines on one side of the two vines, and use vine - burying forks to fix the vines, burying the vines once every 30 - 40 cm to ensure that the vines are neatly arranged.

[0052] 5.2.3. Selecting and fixing fruits

[0053] Select 6 - 8 nodes on the melon vine to keep the melons. To ensure the same harvest period for melons, for the replanted melon vines, keep the melons at 1 - 2 nodes earlier. First, reserve 2 melons at the node where the melon is to be kept. When the melons are as big as an egg, select 1 melon per plant with a large fruit size, regular fruit shape, and no diseases, pests, or mechanical damage.

[0054] 5.2.4, Cushion the melons and wrap the melons

[0055] When the melons reach about 1.5 - 1.8 kg, specifically according to the fruiting characteristics of the melons, wrap the melons or put them in bags in a timely manner, and cushion them with melon supports to prevent the melon fruits from rotting and being burned, ensure uniform netting, and improve the commercial rate of the melons.

[0056] 6. Water and fertilizer management

[0057] Drip irrigation and fertilization should be determined according to factors such as soil quality, temperature, and the growth of melons.

[0058] During the seedling stage (July), to cope with high - temperature weather, in combination with water - control and squatting seedlings, try to lengthen the drip - irrigation interval as much as possible to promote root growth. For normal water and fertilizer management at the stage of 7 true leaves, drip water 5 times in total, with a drip - irrigation volume of 73 - 84 m 3 ;

[0059] From the vine - stretching stage to the fruit - setting stage (August), drip water once every 2 - 3 days, and each time for every 667 m 2 drip - irrigate 12 - 15 m 3 , and top - dress 2 - 3 kg of urea water - soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate water - soluble fertilizer with water once. Top - dress 3 - 5 kg of balanced water - soluble fertilizer with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (17 - 17 - 17) with water 2 times. Drip water 7 times, with a drip - irrigation volume of 84 - 105 m 3 ;

[0060] In the late fruit - setting stage (September), as the temperature drops, drip water once every 3 - 4 days, and each time for every 667 m 2 drip - irrigate 6 - 8 m 3 , and each time top - dress 3 - 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate water - soluble fertilizer with water 3 - 4 times, top - dress 2 - 3 kg of water - soluble calcium fertilizer and 3 - 5 kg of potassium sulfate 2 - 3 times. Drip water 5 times, with a drip - irrigation volume of 30 - 40 m 3 , and stop drip - irrigation 5 - 7 days before harvest. Drip water 17 times during the whole growth period, and for every 667 m 2 the total water consumption is 187 - 229 m 3 , saving 20 - 30 m 3 compared with the conventional planting mode, with a water - saving rate of 10 - 15%.

[0061] 7. Pest and disease control

[0062] In autumn, while mainly combining pest control, the prevention of virus diseases should be strengthened. Whiteflies, aphids and thrips are important vectors of melon virus diseases. While doing a good job in sunning the soil at high temperature, comprehensive control measures such as agricultural, physical, biological and chemical measures should be taken. At the same time, pests in cotton fields, weeds and surrounding melon fields around the melon fields should be controlled to avoid cross-infection and affect the control effect.

[0063] Agricultural control: Select melon varieties suitable for high-temperature and drought climate conditions and with strong virus resistance, such as Huangmengcui, etc.; Before autumn planting, deeply plow the soil and expose it to high temperature in the sun. Thoroughly remove weeds in the field before sowing. All weeds, dead branches and leaves beside the seedling stage and the planting plot should be cleaned up. During farming operations, diseased plants, diseased leaves, fruits and field weeds should be removed in time and taken out of the field for deep burial or centralized burning to reduce the intermediate hosts of virus transmission; It is also possible to increase the disease resistance of plants by applying humic acid fertilizers and microbial bacterial fertilizers, and use Atailing, foliar fertilizers, growth regulators, etc. to induce the resistance of plants to diseases; Rotate with non-cucurbit crops (such as corn, beans, etc.) to avoid continuous cropping and reduce the accumulation of viruses in the soil.

[0064] Physical control: Yellow boards can be placed to trap pests such as whiteflies and aphids, and blue boards can be used to trap pests such as thrips. 30-50 pieces are placed per 667m 2 At the same time, physical control can be carried out by combining the placement of insecticidal lures, insect-catching bags and light traps.

[0065] Biological control: For aphids, 3g of 5% pyrethrins emulsifiable concentrate can be used per 667m 2 each time and diluted with 30kg of water; For whiteflies, 20-50ml of 20 billion spores / gram Beauveria bassiana dispersible oil suspension can be used per 667m 2 each time and diluted with 30kg of water; For thrips, 160-200g of 15 billion spores / gram Beauveria bassiana wettable powder can be used per 667m 2 each time and diluted with 30kg of water. The above biological agents are selected for spraying after 6 pm on cloudy days or sunny days, sprayed once every 5-6 days, and continuously controlled for 2-3 times.

[0066] Chemical control: For whiteflies, 800-fold liquid of 10% cyantraniliprole oil suspension concentrate or 5000-fold liquid of 24% spirotetramat suspension concentrate can be selected; For the control of Spodoptera exigua, 1500-3000 times liquid of 5% chlorfluazuron emulsifiable concentrate or 1500-fold liquid of 20% tebufenozide suspension can be selected for alternate spraying control. For the control of Liriomyza sativae, 3500-fold liquid of 50% cyromazine wettable powder can be selected. The above agents are sprayed once every 5-6 days and used alternately to avoid the generation of drug resistance.

[0067] The transmission by insect vectors is an important factor in the current occurrence and spread of melon virus diseases. Prevention is mainly carried out at the seedling stage with 5 - 6 leaves. The occurrence of virus diseases can be prevented by controlling aphids. For pesticides, 2000 - fold solution of 10% imidacloprid can be used. At the seedling stage, 2500 - fold solution of 25% thiamethoxam water - dispersible granules is used for root irrigation. At the initial stage of the occurrence of pests such as thrips and whiteflies, pesticides such as 2000 - fold solution of 22.4% spirotetramat suspension concentrate, 800 - fold solution of 10% cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspension concentrate, and 1000 - fold solution of 10% chlorfenapyr suspension concentrate are used for spray control. The above pesticides are sprayed once every 5 - 6 days, used alternately, and continuously controlled for 2 - 3 times.

[0068] 8. Harvest at the appropriate time

[0069] Autumn melons start to mature 35 - 40 days after flowering and pollination, generally around the "National Day". Harvesting at the appropriate time is a key link to ensure the quality of commercial melons. The central sugar content of the harvested commercial melons should reach over 14%, with regular fruit shape, no deformity, no pests and diseases, etc. Melons are preferably harvested in the morning. When harvesting, leave the fruit stalk and part of the fruiting side branch, cut it into a "T" shape, grade and label the melons, then put them into a special carton after putting on a foam net bag.

[0070] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0071] 1. New research method: Aiming at the adversity stress of high - temperature period during the seedling stage of autumn melons in Turpan area, in order to cultivate strong melon seedlings and ensure the normal growth of seedlings, starting from the source of seedling cultivation, research is carried out from the perspective of soaking seeds with an appropriate concentration of prohexadione - calcium and combining with the heat - avoiding well - type cultivation mode, which improves the strong - seedling rate and high - temperature resistance of seedlings.

[0072] 2. New test material: Soaking seeds with prohexadione - calcium, a growth retardant, has a good effect on improving the quality of seedlings, with low crop residue and no pollution to the environment. At the same time, it significantly promotes reproductive growth, improves the disease resistance of crops, effectively prevents premature senescence of crops, and achieves the purposes of controlling plant growth, increasing yield and improving quality.

[0073] 3. Micro - climate effect: The present invention uses the well - type cultivation mode, which not only provides a cooling and moisturizing micro - climate for the root zone of autumn open - field melon seedlings during the high - temperature period, but also plays a buffering role in cooling the soil during the later stage when the melons are about to mature, reducing the planting risk for autumn open - field melon growers.

[0074] 4. Cost reduction and efficiency increase: On the basis of adopting the well - type cultivation mode, integrating multiple technologies such as soaking seeds with prohexadione - calcium and single - grain precision sowing, compared with the conventional shallow - planting mode, there is no need for thinning. More than 90% of the seedlings emerge on the 5th day, and the average soil humidity in the root zone increases by 10% - 12%. It can not only save costs such as foliar fertilizers, pesticides and labor during the seedling stage, but also save 10% - 15% of the total water consumption and more than 42% of the seed cost.

[0075] 5. The cultivation mode of the present invention is different from the conventional shallow-planting mode in that: in the conventional shallow-planting mode, holes with a diameter of 3-5 cm and a depth of 1-1.5 cm are drilled inside the drip irrigation belt, and 2-3 seeds are placed in each hole. After sowing, the sowing holes on the film are covered with soil tightly; in the well-type cultivation mode, the hole depth is deeper, the hole diameter is 5-6 cm, the hole depth is 8-10 cm, the sowing holes are open, and 1 seed is sown in each hole. By counting the emergence rate, the emergence rate reaches 87.6% per 667 m 2 The emergence rate reaches 87.6%, and checking and replanting once can basically achieve full seedlings. Experiments have proved that during the high-temperature period, the root zone temperature is 3-6 °C lower than that of the conventional shallow-planting mode, and the soil humidity in the root zone is increased by 10-12%. It not only saves water, labor, seeds and other costs, but also increases the benefit per mu by 200-260 yuan after improving the yield and quality of melons. Description of the Drawings

[0076] Figure 1 Effect of calcium chloride on plant height and stem diameter of melons;

[0077] Figure 2 Effect of calcium chloride on chlorophyll and carotenoid in melon leaves;

[0078] Figure 3 Effect of calcium chloride on O2 - and H2O2 content in melon leaves;

[0079] Figure 4 Effect of calcium chloride on SOD and POD activities in melon leaves;

[0080] Figure 5 Effect of calcium chloride on AsA and GSH content in melon leaves;

[0081] Figure 6 Effect of calcium chloride on soluble protein and soluble sugar content in melon leaves;

[0082] Figure 7 Effect of calcium chloride on PRO and MDA content in melon leaves;

[0083] Figure 8 Root zone temperature change curve during the high-temperature period (July) of different cultivation modes;

[0084] Figure 9 Root zone temperature change during the period of increasing day-night temperature difference (August) of different cultivation modes;

[0085] Figure 10 Root zone temperature change during the cooling period (September) of different cultivation modes;

[0086] Figure 11It is the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic curve of melon seedlings on the 7th day of high-temperature treatment;

[0087] Figure 12 It is the effect of different treatments on the strong seedling index of melon seedlings;

[0088] Figure 13 It is the effect of different treatments on the relative conductivity of melon leaves;

[0089] Figure 14 It is the effect of different treatments on the relative chlorophyll content of melon leaves;

[0090] Figure 15 It is the effect of different concentrations of CaCl2 on the chlorophyll content of melon seedling leaves;

[0091] Figure 16 It is the effect of different concentrations of CaCl2 on the soluble protein content of melon seedling leaves;

[0092] Figure 17 It is the effect of different concentrations of CaCl2 on the MDA content of melon seedlings;

[0093] Figure 18 It is the step flow chart of a cultivation method for improving the high-temperature stress resistance of autumn open-field melon seedlings. Detailed implementation mode

[0094] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and the implementation mode:

[0095] As Figure 18 shown, a cultivation method for improving the high-temperature stress resistance of autumn open-field melon seedlings, the steps include:

[0096] S1. Plot selection: Select fallow land or abandoned land with a soil salt content of less than 0.3% and a pH value of 7-8, a soil organic matter content of more than 1%, loam or sandy loam, flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, uniform soil conditions, and a drip irrigation system; Do not rotate or adjoin with other cucurbitaceae and solanaceae crops, and the previous crop is grain, legumes or alliaceous crops, etc.;

[0097] S2. Seed preparation, including variety selection and seed quality;

[0098] S3. Soil preparation, including straw returning to the field, high-temperature sunning of the soil, optimized fertilization, plowing and land preparation, laying drip irrigation tapes and plastic films, and pre-drip irrigation water;

[0099] S4. Seeding management, including early sowing at the appropriate time, and on the day of sowing, use a hole puncher to punch a sowing hole every 40 to 45 cm along the outer side of the drip irrigation belt 2 cm away. The sowing hole is 5 to 6 cm wide and 8 to 10 cm deep. The sowing hole is open, and then put a seed in the center of the bottom of the sowing hole, and cover it with wet soil about 0.5 cm thick. 2 Drip irrigation: 18-20m 3 ;

[0100] S5. Post-sowing management, including high temperature period management and flower and fruit management;

[0101] S6. Water and fertilizer management: drip fertilization should be based on soil quality, temperature and melon growth factors;

[0102] S7. Disease and insect pest control: prevention should be carried out when the seedlings have 5 to 6 leaves. Aphid control can be used to prevent the occurrence of viral diseases. The pesticide can be 10% imidacloprid 2000 times diluted;

[0103] S8. Harvest at the right time. Autumn melons begin to mature 35 to 40 days after flowering and pollination. The sugar content in the center of the harvested commercial melons must reach more than 14%, and the fruit shape must be regular, without deformities, diseases and pests.

[0104] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0105] Example 1: Comparative test on temperature changes in the melon root zone under different cultivation modes

[0106] The test site is located at the melon planting base in Sanbao Township, Gaochang District, Turpan City (89°27'51" east longitude, 42°53'35" north latitude), with an altitude of -122.3m and a test site area of ​​700m 2 Two different cultivation modes were set up in the experiment, namely the conventional shallow planting mode and the well-type cultivation mode. Since the root zone temperature is affected by many factors such as water content, covering materials and temperature-receiving area, the same drip irrigation management method was adopted. The water and fertilizer in each treatment were managed conventionally. The changes in the root zone temperature, soil moisture and ambient temperature and humidity of melon seedlings under different cultivation modes were compared.

[0107] (1) Effects of different cultivation modes on root zone temperature changes during high temperature period

[0108] After the open-field melons were sown in July, it was the high temperature period of summer. Temperature monitors were placed in the root zones of the melons in two different cultivation modes: well cultivation and shallow cultivation. Figure 8It can be concluded that under the conventional shallow planting mode, the average minimum root zone temperature during the high-temperature period is about 30°C, and the average maximum root zone temperature is about 45°C. Under the conventional shallow planting mode, the root zone is 1.5 cm below the ground surface, while in the well-type cultivation mode, the root zone is 8-10 cm below the ground surface. Compared with the shallow planting mode, for the melon seedlings, during the high-temperature period, the maximum root zone temperature is 3-6°C lower, and the difference in the minimum root zone temperature is no more than 2°C. Therefore, compared with the conventional shallow planting mode for autumn open-field melons in Turpan City, after adopting the well-type cultivation mode, the maximum root zone temperature of melon seedlings can be significantly reduced during the high-temperature period, providing environmental conditions for the normal growth of melon seedling plants and roots during the high-temperature period.

[0109] (2) Influence of different cultivation modes on the root zone temperature change during the period of increasing day-night temperature difference

[0110] In August, it enters the period of increasing day-night temperature difference. From Figure 9 It can be concluded that from August 1st to August 18th, the average maximum root zone temperature is about 40°C, and the average minimum root zone temperature is about 25°C. Both the maximum and minimum root zone temperatures are 5°C lower compared with the high-temperature period. The average night temperature decreases from 30°C during the high-temperature period to 25°C. The average day-night temperature difference in the root zone is about 15°C. In the well-type cultivation mode, compared with the shallow planting mode, the maximum root zone temperature during the day is 2-4°C lower. When the minimum root zone temperature of the conventional shallow planting mode is 23°C on the night of August 14th, the minimum root zone temperature of the well-type cultivation mode is 29°C; from August 19th to August 31st, the average maximum root zone temperature during the day is between 35-37°C, and the average minimum root zone temperature at night is between 25-30°C. In the well-type cultivation mode, compared with the shallow planting mode, the maximum root zone temperature during the day is 2-4°C lower. When the minimum root zone temperature of the conventional shallow planting mode is 24-28°C on the night of August 14th, the minimum root zone temperature of the well-type cultivation mode is 3-4°C higher than that of the shallow planting mode. Therefore, from the comparison of the minimum root zone temperatures of the two different cultivation modes during the period of increasing day-night temperature difference, it can be concluded that the well-type cultivation mode not only reduces the maximum root zone temperature during the high-temperature period, but also has the advantage of delaying the rapid decrease of the root zone temperature during the cooling period. So the well-type cultivation mode plays a key role in the cultivation process of autumn open-field melons.

[0111] (3) Influence of different cultivation modes on the root zone temperature change during the cooling period

[0112] In September, as the air temperature decreases, both the maximum and minimum root zone temperatures decrease. When cultivating melons using the conventional shallow planting mode, the root zone temperature rises quickly during the day with the increase in air temperature and drops quickly at night with the decrease in temperature. In contrast, in the well-type cultivation mode compared with the conventional shallow planting mode, the temperature rises slowly during the day and drops slowly at night, playing a certain heat preservation role during the cooling period. From Figure 10It can be concluded that after September, the maximum root zone temperature has dropped below 35 °C, and on some days, it has dropped below 30 °C. The minimum root zone temperature has dropped to nearly 20 °C. When cultivating melons using the well-type cultivation mode, the maximum root zone temperature is 2-3 °C lower than that of the conventional shallow-planting mode, with an average maximum temperature of 26-28 °C. The minimum root zone temperature is 1-2 °C higher than that of the conventional shallow-planting mode, with an average minimum temperature of 22-23 °C. The root zone temperature during this period is conducive to the growth of roots and the accumulation of dry matter in melons.

[0113] Example 2: Indoor light incubator experiment

[0114] To determine the optimal concentration of calcium cyclamate for seed soaking, calcium cyclamate solutions with five concentration gradients of 0 mg·L -1 , 20 mg·L -1 , 50 mg·L -1 , 100 mg·L -1 , 150 mg·L -1 were set up. First, prepare a 150 mg·L -1 calcium cyclamate solution, and then dilute it according to the ratio to prepare 20 mg·L -1 , 50 mg·L -1 , 100 mg·L -1 calcium cyclamate solutions. After fully stirring, put 60 seeds of the "Xizhoumi 17" variety of melons, which are plump, disease- and pest-free, and have a germination rate of over 95%, into each beaker, and let the seeds be completely immersed in the solution. After soaking for 4 h, take out the seeds and drain them for sowing. Select a special medium for horticultural plants and fine sand, and use the nutrient bowl potting method. The nutrient bowl has a specification of 15 cm in height × 10 cm in width, and the substrate is peat:perlite:vermiculite:garden soil = 9:3:1:5. After mixing the substrate evenly, fill it into the nutrient bowls, pour enough water, and repeat each concentration treatment 3 times, with 10 nutrient bowls for each repetition, a total of 30 nutrient bowls. Sow 2 soaked seeds in each nutrient bowl, cover a layer of the previously mixed substrate, and then pour enough water. Use newspaper for shading treatment, open it after the seeds germinate, and thin out the seedlings. Water regularly according to the substrate humidity, and at the same time, compound fertilizer can be applied regularly. Control the seedling height at about 8 cm. The above cultivation process is carried out in an artificial climate cultivation room, with the temperature maintained at 26 / 20 °C (day / night) and the humidity maintained at 75%. When the melon seedlings treated with water have two true leaves and one heart, transfer the melon seedlings to an artificial climate chamber for high-temperature treatment, with the temperature of 40 / 35 °C (day / night) and the humidity maintained at 60-75%.

[0115] On the 7th day after treatment, measure the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics curve of the melon seedlings. The results show that (as Figure 11 ), when treating with different concentrations of calcium cyclamate for seed soaking, after 7 days of high-temperature treatment, there are significant differences in the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics curve of the melon seedlings. At 50 mg·L-1 Prohexadione-calcium significantly improved the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics curve of melon seedlings, indicating that at 50 mg·L -1 Prohexadione-calcium treatment could enhance the photosynthetic capacity of melon seedlings under high-temperature stress.

[0116] For the above-mentioned melon seedlings at the two-leaf and one-heart stage treated with soaking seeds in 50 mg·L -1 prohexadione-calcium solution, they were transferred to an artificial climate chamber for high-temperature treatment at a temperature of 35 / 30 °C (day / night), and the humidity was maintained at 60-75%. After 7 days of treatment, the leaf conductivity, chlorophyll content and rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics curve of melon seedlings were measured. The results showed that under high-temperature conditions, soaking seeds in 50 mg·L -1 prohexadione-calcium solution could effectively improve the heat tolerance of melon seedlings. Mainly manifested as under high-temperature conditions, compared with melon seedlings soaked in water, the strong seedling index of melon seedlings treated with soaking seeds in 50 mg·L -1 prohexadione-calcium solution was high ( Figure 12 ), the leaf conductivity was low ( Figure 13 ), the chlorophyll content was relatively high ( Figure 14 ), and the photosynthetic capacity was enhanced (Table 2).

[0117] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on leaf photosynthetic indexes

[0118]

[0119] Example 3: Effects of soaking seeds in different concentrations of prohexadione-calcium on the growth and physiological characteristics of melons

[0120] When using 0 mg·L -1 , 20 mg·L -1 , 50 mg·L -1 , 100 mg·L -1 , 150 mg·L -1The seeds were soaked in calcium cyclanilide solutions of five concentration gradients for 4 h and then fished out and air-dried. On the next day (July 12th), after sowing, normal management was carried out, and sampling measurements and physiological index detections were carried out at four stages: the vine elongation stage, the fruiting stage, the fruit expansion stage, and the harvesting stage of the melons. A part of the seeds treated with calcium cyclanilide soaking at different concentrations was used for indoor seedling stage experiments. Melon seeds with plump grains and similar sizes were selected, soaked and disinfected with 0.3% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes, and then rinsed with deionized water 5 - 6 times. The disinfected and washed melon seeds were evenly placed in a sterile culture dish covered with three layers of qualitative filter paper, deionized water was added to keep the bottom of the melon seeds moist, and then a layer of moist qualitative filter paper was covered. They were placed in a constant temperature incubator at 25 ± 1 °C to germinate the melons. The germinated melon roots were inserted into a 6-well 1 L black light-proof plant hydroponic box and cultivated with 1 / 4 Hoagland's nutrient solution. The hydroponic box was placed in an artificial climate chamber with a temperature condition of 25 ± 1 °C, illuminated for 14 hours at 5000 Lx, and cultured in the dark for 10 hours. During this period, the nutrient solution was changed every 2 days. When the melon seedlings were continuously cultured for 16 days until they had four leaves and one heart, an electronic digital display vernier caliper was used to measure the stem diameter of the melon seedlings, a ruler was used to measure the above-ground and underground lengths of the melon seedlings, a thousandth balance was used to measure the above-ground and underground length weights of the melon seedlings, and a WinRHIZO root scanning system was used to scan the total root length, root surface area, total root volume, and root tip number of the melon seedlings, as well as the melon root morphology scanning map.

[0121] As can be seen from Figure 1 (A), during the vine elongation stage, fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage, and harvesting stage of melon growth, after soaking with calcium cyclanilide, the plant height of the melons decreased with the increase in the concentration of calcium cyclanilide. As can be seen from Figure 1 (B), during the vine elongation stage, fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage, and harvesting stage of melon growth, after soaking with calcium cyclanilide, the stem diameter of the melons increased with the increase in the concentration of calcium cyclanilide.

[0122] The effects of calcium cyclanilide soaking on chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b during the vine elongation stage, fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage, and harvesting stage of melons are shown respectively in Figure 2 (A), Figure 2 (B), and Figure 2 (C). Calcium cyclanilide can significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in melons. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in PCa1, PCa2, PCa3, and PCa4 during the vine elongation stage, fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage, and harvesting stage were all increased compared with the control.

[0123] The effects of calcium cyclanilide soaking on the O2 - content and H2O2 content in the leaves of melons during the vine elongation stage, fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage, and harvesting stage are shown in Figure 3 (A), 3(B). Calcium cyclanilide can increase the O2 -Contents of [substance] and H2O2 content.

[0124] The effects of calcium cyclanilide seed soaking on the activities of SOD and POD in melon leaves during the vine elongation stage, fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage and harvesting stage are shown in Figure 4 (A) and 4(B). Calcium cyclanilide can significantly increase the activities of SOD and POD in melon leaves.

[0125] The effects of calcium cyclanilide seed soaking on the contents of AsA and GSH in melon leaves during the vine elongation stage, fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage and harvesting stage are shown in Figure 5 (A) and 5(B). Calcium cyclanilide can significantly increase the contents of AsA and GSH in melon leaves.

[0126] The effects of calcium cyclanilide seed soaking on the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar in melon leaves during the vine elongation stage, fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage and harvesting stage are shown in Figure 6 (A), Figure 6 (B). Calcium cyclanilide can significantly increase the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar in melon leaves.

[0127] The effect of calcium cyclanilide seed soaking on the PRO content in melon leaves during the vine elongation stage, fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage and harvesting stage is shown in Figure 7 (A). Calcium cyclanilide can significantly increase the PRO content in melon leaves. The effect of calcium cyclanilide seed soaking on the MDA content in melon leaves during the vine elongation stage, fruiting stage, fruit expansion stage and harvesting stage is shown in Figure 7 (B). Calcium cyclanilide can significantly reduce the MDA content in melon leaves.

[0128] It can be concluded from Table 3 that after soaking melon seedlings with different concentrations of calcium cyclanilide, the plant height of melon seedlings in different treatments gradually decreases with the increase of calcium cyclanilide concentration; while the fresh root weight, total root length, total surface area, root volume, root tip number and fork number first increase and then decrease with the increase of calcium cyclanilide concentration, and all reach the highest value when the calcium cyclanilide concentration is 50 mmol / L, showing a significant difference compared with the control treatment; the stem diameter, above-ground fresh weight, average diameter and crossing number first increase and then decrease with the increase of calcium cyclanilide concentration, but reach the highest value when the concentration is 20 mmol / L, and the stem diameter, above-ground fresh weight and crossing number show a significant difference compared with the control treatment. The test results show that with the increase of calcium cyclanilide concentration, there is a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of melon seedling plant height. As the plant height decreases, within a certain range, the growth of the above-ground and underground parts of the seedlings is also affected to a certain extent. Therefore, to promote the coordinated growth of the above-ground and underground parts of melon seedlings, an appropriate concentration range of calcium cyclanilide must be used to achieve this. From the test results, a calcium cyclanilide concentration of 20 - 50 mmol / L is beneficial for cultivating strong melon seedlings.

[0129] Table 3 Effects of different calcium cyclanilide seed soaking treatments on the above-ground and underground growth and morphology of melon seedlings

[0130]

[0131] Example 4: Experiment on the Effect of Spraying Different Concentrations of CaCl2 Solution on the Physiology of Melon Seedling Leaves during the High Temperature Period

[0132] A total of 4 treatments were set up in the experiment: Spraying an equal amount of clear water was used as Treatment 1 (control), and the spraying concentrations were 20 mmol·L -1 , 10 mmol·L -1 , 5 mmol·L -1 CaCl2 solutions (Treatment 2, Treatment 3, and Treatment 4 respectively). Each treatment had 3 replicates, and 30 pots were planted in each replicate. Each treatment was divided into two areas, namely the "observation area" and the "sampling area", for the determination of morphological change indicators and the detection and sampling of physiological indicators. At the five stages of 1-leaf stage, 3-leaf stage, 5-leaf stage, 7-leaf stage, and 9-leaf stage of melon seedlings respectively, different concentrations of CaCl2 solution were sprayed at 18:00 - 19:00 in the afternoon on sunny days until there were uniform-sized droplets on the entire leaf surface of the whole plant but without dripping. The results showed that under high temperature conditions, the 5 mol·L -1 CaCl2 solution treatment could effectively improve the heat tolerance of melon seedlings, mainly manifested as that under high temperature conditions, compared with the melon seedlings sprayed with clear water, the relative chlorophyll content of the melon seedlings treated with 5 mol·L -1 CaCl2 solution was higher ( Figure 15 ), the soluble protein content was higher ( Figure 16 ), and the MDA content in the leaves was lower ( Figure 17 ).

[0133] Example 5: Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on the Yield and Quality of Melons

[0134] As shown in Table 3, after the melons matured, sampling was carried out according to the experimental plots. 15 melons were randomly sampled from each plot of 50 m 2 to measure their average single melon weight and average yield. Then, the fruit diameter, thickness, cavity, total soluble sugar, soluble solids, titratable acid, vitamin C, lycopene, β-carotene and other quality index contents of the melon samples in each plot were measured. As shown in Table 4, the anthrone colorimetric method, the soluble solids determination instrument detection method, the acid-base titration method, the 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration method, and the high performance liquid chromatography method were used for the determination respectively.

[0135] Table 4 Comparison of Melon Fruit Appearance and Yield Traits under Different Cultivation Modes

[0136]

[0137] Table 5 Comparison of Melon Quality Index Contents under Different Cultivation Modes

[0138]

[0139] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and common general technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solutions are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, and these should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners and the like recorded in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving high temperature stress resistance of open-field melon seedlings in autumn, characterized in that: include: S1. Land selection: choose fallow land or abandoned land with soil salt content below 0.3% and pH value of 7-8, soil organic matter content above 1%, loam or sandy loam, flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, uniform soil conditions, and drip irrigation system; not intercropped or adjacent to other cucurbitaceae or solanaceae crops, and the previous crop is grain, beans or onion and garlic crops; S2. Seed preparation, including: S21. Variety selection: Autumn open-field melons should be selected from varieties that are suitable for local climate characteristics, high-yield, high-quality, high-temperature resistant, virus-resistant, and premature aging-resistant, and that meet the needs of long-term sales to the mainland market; S22. Seed quality: Seed quality must meet the national quality standards, and the shriveled, broken and mixed seeds must be manually selected. The germination rate must be above 90%. 2 Prepare enough seeds at a sowing rate of 35-40g, and increase or decrease the sowing rate appropriately according to the seed size; S23, seed treatment specific steps include: S231. Seed soaking treatment: one day before sowing, put the selected seeds into 55℃ warm water and soak them for 10-15min. Stir continuously during the soaking period. After the temperature drops to 30℃, take out the seeds and put them into 30 or 60 mesh bags. Put them into a 50mg·L -1 Soak the seeds in the calcium cyclohexadione solution thoroughly to ensure that the seeds do not float on the surface of the solution. Continue soaking the seeds for 4 hours. Take them out and dry them in the shade so that they do not get on your hands. S232, seed dressing treatment, soaking and drying the melon seeds, and dressing them with 7-10 g of 24% thiothiocarb suspension per kilogram of melon seeds, first put the seeds into a small bucket, and then shake the bucket while adding the seed dressing agent to make the seed dressing agent fully contact and mix with the seeds, pour the stirred seeds on an insect-proof net with a length of 1 m and a width of 1.2 m, and pull the insect-proof net back and forth with four corners to make the agent evenly adhere to the surface of the seeds, and sow the seeds the next day after the mixed seeds are dried; S3. Soil preparation, including: S31, straw return to the field, after the previous crop is harvested, the previous crop straw is dried and crushed every 667m 2 Evenly spread 200-300 kg of fertilizer on the soil in the fertilizer ditch of the melon planting area, and perform rotary tillage and land preparation; S32, high temperature sun drying, after the spring melon harvest, clean the field, combine with mechanical deep plowing soil more than 30cm, every 667m 2 Spread fully decomposed organic fertilizer in the fertilizer ditch in the melon planting area for 5m 3 , 50% carbendazim 5-8kg, quicklime 8-10kg, to turn out the pathogens and insect pupae in the soil and fertilizer, and then irrigate with large amounts of water and plow again to dry the soil; 15-20 days before sowing autumn melons, pull the drip irrigation belt and lay the ground film, take advantage of the extreme high temperature in Turpan in summer, kill the pathogens and insect eggs in a high humidity environment, every 667m 2 Drip irrigation: 30~40m 3 , using high temperature under the film to disinfect the soil; S33. Optimize fertilization. Fertilization should follow the principles of nutrient input with the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, basal and topdressing fertilizers, balance of macroelements and trace elements, and minimum nutrient loss. At the same time, it should be combined with soil testing and formula fertilization technology. 2 20 billion spores g -1 Bacillus subtilis 50g diluted 800 times or 5 billion CFU g -1 1000g of Streptomyces tenuifolius diluted 150 times was sprayed on the soil to improve the soil; S34, tilling and preparing the land. After the sun drying, the land preparation begins. The planting rows are marked out with the fertilizer furrow position in the melon planting area as the center. The planting rows are then leveled with a mechanical rotary tillage machine. According to the size of the plot, wind direction and other conditions, a planting area for each row is reserved with a row spacing of 1.8 to 2.8 m. S35. Lay drip irrigation tape and ground film. Use machinery to lay drip irrigation tape and ground film synchronously on the planting row. For example, if the row spacing is 2.8m, lay two drip irrigation tapes on the planting belt with a spacing of 35-40cm. If the row spacing is 1.8m, lay one drip irrigation tape on a single planting row. The drip irrigation tape has a dripping capacity of 2.8-3.2L·h -1 , the two drip outlets are 25-30cm apart; cover with 0.7-1.2m wide 5-thread 0.02mm thick black silver anti-weed reflective mulch, close to the bed surface, compact the edge of the mulch, single-row mulch surface 40-45cm, double-row mulch surface 60-70cm; S36, drip water before sowing. After laying the drip irrigation tape and mulch film, connect the main pipeline to the drip irrigation tape for water testing. If there is a leak in the connection, repair it in time. Drip enough pre-sowing water 1 day before sowing, every 667m 2 Drip irrigation: 18-20m 3 , ensure that the soil under the film is wet and soaks the soil outside the film; S4. Seeding management, including: S41. Early sowing at the right time. According to meteorological conditions, the most suitable sowing period for autumn open-field melons in the planting area south of Huoyan Mountain in Turpan is before mid-July. The specific sowing time can be advanced to the development stage of the melons. The highest temperature should not exceed 40℃ within 5 days after sowing. S42. On the day of sowing, use a hole puncher to make a sowing hole every 40-45 cm along the outer side of the drip irrigation belt 2 cm away. The sowing hole is 5-6 cm wide and 8-10 cm deep. The sowing hole is open. Then put a seed in the center of the bottom of the sowing hole and cover it with wet soil about 0.5 cm thick. 2 Drip irrigation: 18-20m 3 ; S5. Post-sowing management, including: S51. Management during high temperature period. Specific steps include: S511. Check seedlings and replant. 5-6 days after sowing, healthy seeds can basically germinate. The normal germination rate should be above 85%. Sow one more seed in each sowing hole that needs to be replanted and cover with 0.5 cm thick wet soil. S512, control water and slow down seedlings, immediately after replanting, every 667m 2 Dripping 12~15m 3 , drip water for the third time after 4-5 days, every 667m 2 Drip irrigation: 18-20m 3 After the seedlings emerge, according to the growth of the seedlings and weather conditions, gradually extend the interval between dripping, and drip the fourth water after 5 to 6 days, every 667m 2 Drip irrigation: 18-20m 3 ; S513, foliar topdressing: during the high temperature period, when the melon seedlings have 3 true leaves, spray 5mmol·L after 19:00 in the afternoon - 1 CaCl2 aqueous solution can be sprayed once every 6 to 7 days for 3 to 5 times in a row; yellowing of melon seedling leaves caused by high temperature can be sprayed with 0.2 to 0.3% ferrous sulfate solution once every 6 to 7 days for 2 to 3 times in a row; calcium deficiency caused by high temperature can be sprayed on the leaves with 1% superphosphate leaching solution or 0.5% calcium chloride + 5ppm naphthaleneacetic acid once every 6 to 7 days for 2 to 3 times in a row; S52, Flower and Fruit Management, including: S521. Pruning and pruning. In autumn, melons should be pruned and pruned in time. At the same time, water and fertilizer management should be in place to ensure the luxuriance of plant leaves. Double vine pruning is adopted. The main vine grows to keep a single fruit. One leaf and one heart are left in front of the fruit and the main vine is pinched. The main vine is pinched after 28 to 30 leaves. After the seedlings are fixed, a sub-vine closest to the root of the main vine is kept. When the sub-vine grows to 40 to 50 cm, the other sub-vines and grandchildren are removed. After the fruit is set, the principle of "tightening in front and loosening in the back" is adopted; S522, pressing the vines, first straighten the two vines on one side, and fix the vines with a vine pressing fork, pressing the vines every 30 to 40 cm to ensure that the vines are arranged neatly; S523, selecting and sorting melons, selecting melons at 6-8 nodes on the melon vine, so that the melon harvest period is consistent, replanting melon vines to reserve melons 1-2 nodes earlier, first reserve 2 melons at the nodes to be reserved, and when the melons are as big as eggs, select one melon per plant that is large, has a regular shape, and is free of diseases, insects, and mechanical damage; S524, padding and bagging melons: when the melons grow to 1.5-1.8 kg, bag or bag the melons in time according to their fruiting characteristics, and pad them with melon trays; S6. Water and fertilizer management. Drip fertilization should be based on soil quality, temperature and melon growth factors, including: In July, in order to cope with the high temperature during the seedling stage, the watering interval was extended as much as possible in combination with water control and seedling squatting to promote root growth. The 7 true leaves were managed with normal water and fertilizer management. A total of 5 drips were made, with a dripping time of 73-84m 3 ; In August, water once every 2-3 days from the vine extension period to the fruit setting period, every 667m 2 Dripping 12~15m 3 , apply 2-3kg of urea water-soluble fertilizer and 2kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble fertilizer with water, apply once, apply 3-5kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced water-soluble fertilizer with water, apply twice, drip water 7 times, drip water 84-105m 3 , the water-soluble fertilizer balance ratio is 17-17-17; In September, as the temperature drops in the late stage of fruit setting, water is dripped every 3 to 4 days, and each time every 667m 2 Drip irrigation: 6~8m 3 , apply 3-5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble fertilizer with water each time, apply 3-4 times, apply 2-3kg of water-soluble calcium fertilizer, 3-5kg of potassium sulfate, apply 2-3 times, drip water 5 times, drip water 30-40m 3 , stop dripping 5 to 7 days before harvest; S7. Pest and disease control, including: Prevention should be carried out at the seedling stage when there are 5 to 6 leaves. Aphid control can be used to prevent the occurrence of viral diseases. The pesticide can be 10% imidacloprid 2000 times diluted; At the seedling stage, 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules 2500 times diluted are used for root irrigation. At the early stage of insect pests, 22.4% spirotetramat suspension 2000 times diluted, 10% cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspension 800 times diluted, 10% chlorfenapyr suspension 1000 times diluted and other pesticides are sprayed for prevention and control. The above pesticides are sprayed once every 5 to 6 days, and they are used alternately for continuous prevention and control for 2 to 3 times. S8. Harvest at the right time, including: Autumn melons begin to mature 35 to 40 days after flowering and pollination. The sugar content in the center of the harvested commercial melons must reach more than 14%, and the fruit shape must be regular, without deformities, and free from diseases and insect pests.

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