Method for improving seed production yield of corn in high-temperature environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing the seed production yield of corn in a high-temperature environment, under conventional management of corn planting, foliage dressing is performed from a five-leaf stage to a tasseling stage of the corn, and fertilizers for foliage dressing comprise a zinc fertilizer, a boron fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer. According to the method, the zinc fertilizer, the boron fertilizer, the calcium fertilizer and the like are reasonably and additionally sprayed on leaves creatively from the five-leaf stage to the tasseling stage of the corn, so that the influence of a high-temperature environment on hybrid seed production of the corn can be effectively reduced, the seed production yield is effectively improved, the cost is low, and the method is not limited to corn variety selection and the seeding stage thereof and has higher adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, and particularly relates to a method for increasing the seed production yield of corn under high-temperature environments. Background Art

[0002] Research shows that high-temperature stress significantly affects various physiological functions of corn, especially during the flowering and pollination period, which is the most sensitive. If high temperature occurs during this period, it will lead to a decrease in the seed setting rate of corn, a shortening of the filling period, and a decrease in the source-sink coordination ability, etc., thereby reducing the number of grains per ear and the 100-grain weight of corn, and ultimately reducing the yield.

[0003] Currently, the preventive measures for high-temperature hazards during the corn flowering period at home and abroad mainly include methods such as selecting heat-tolerant varieties, adjusting the sowing period to avoid high temperature, and spraying plant growth regulators, etc., with a small scope of adaptation: in actual hybrid seed production, heat-tolerant varieties may not meet other requirements, so it may be difficult to find suitable heat-tolerant varieties; moreover, high-temperature hazards have a certain degree of suddenness, and the method of predicting the occurrence period of high temperature in advance to adjust the sowing period also has uncertainty; the use of plant growth regulators needs to be carefully selected according to corn varieties, corn growth periods, and regional environments. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more adaptable methods to increase the corn yield under high-temperature environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, based on the above background, the present invention provides a planting method for preventing and greening the yellowing of tree leaves under the condition of reclaimed water irrigation in arid and saline-alkali lands. The present invention takes measures from both above-ground and underground aspects to maintain the water balance of transplanted trees and ensure the absorption of nutrients by above-ground leaves and underground roots, so as to prevent the yellowing of tree leaves under the condition of reclaimed water irrigation in arid and saline-alkali lands and improve the survival rate of transplanted trees.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for increasing the seed production yield of corn under high-temperature environments. Under the conventional management of corn planting, foliar fertilization is carried out from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage of corn, and the fertilizers for foliar fertilization include zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and calcium fertilizer.

[0007] Further, the zinc fertilizer is an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate with a concentration of 0.5 wt% to 1 wt%.

[0008] Further, the calcium fertilizer is an aqueous solution of calcium gluconate with a concentration of 0.5 wt% to 1 wt%.

[0009] Further, the boron fertilizer is an aqueous solution of sodium borate with a concentration of 0.5 wt% to 1 wt%.

[0010] Further, the zinc fertilizer and the boron fertilizer are sprayed on the same day, and the calcium fertilizer is sprayed on the second day after the zinc fertilizer and the boron fertilizer are sprayed to avoid precipitation of the calcium gluconate solution.

[0011] Further, the pH values of the zinc fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, and boron fertilizer are all 6.0 - 6.5.

[0012] Further, the high - temperature environment refers to the growth period of corn, where the daily maximum temperature ≥ 35°C and lasts for more than 3 days.

[0013] Further, foliar fertilization is carried out at a fixed cycle from the five - leaf stage to before the tasseling stage of corn, and the fixed cycle is 10 days.

[0014] Further, foliar fertilization is carried out at a fixed - time interval from the five - leaf stage to before the tasseling stage of corn, and the fixed time is the windless period from 18:00 to 20:00 on the day of each foliar fertilization.

[0015] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0016] The present invention innovatively and reasonably supplements foliar spraying of zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, etc. from the five - leaf stage to before the tasseling stage of corn, which can effectively reduce the impact of high - temperature environment on corn hybrid seed production, effectively improve the seed production yield, with low cost, and is not limited to corn variety selection and sowing period, and has better adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram for comparing the influence of different foliar fertilization ratios in the embodiments of the present invention on the grain weight per ear of corn hybrid seed production.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram for comparing the influence of different foliar fertilization ratios in the embodiments of the present invention on the seed - setting rate of corn hybrid seed production.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram for comparing the influence of different foliar fertilization ratios in the embodiments of the present invention on the yield of corn hybrid seed production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] In order to more clearly understand the above - mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation manners and specific operation processes are given. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0021] Preparation before the experiment

[0022] Test materials: The experimental materials used hereinafter are self - bred inbred line SCML0849 (female parent) and Qi319 (male parent).

[0023] Experimental site: The experimental area was set up in Dongbinghu Village, Manas County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2023. This area belongs to the mid-temperate continental arid climate, and the number of days with high temperature above 35°C from June to August in 2024 exceeded 30 days.

[0024] Planting method: 13 treatments were set, with 3 replicates for each treatment, a total of 39 plots. Each plot was 2m in length, with 6 rows. The middle four rows were female parents, and the left and right ends were male parents. Protective rows were set around. The female parents and the protective rows were all emasculated. The row spacing was 0.4m, the plant spacing was 0.2m, and the plot area was 2.4m×2m = 4.8m 2 , and the rest of the field management including intertillage and weeding, thinning and final thinning, fertilization and watering, and pest control were all carried out according to the conventional corn planting method, which is abbreviated as corn seed production management throughout the text.

[0025] In the following treatment groups, the zinc fertilizer used is an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate with a concentration of 0.5wt% - 1wt%; the boron fertilizer is an aqueous solution of sodium borate with a concentration of 0.5wt% - 1wt%; the calcium fertilizer is an aqueous solution of calcium gluconate with a concentration of 0.5wt% - 1wt%. Its pH is adjusted with appropriate acids. For example, the zinc fertilizer is adjusted with sulfuric acid; the boron fertilizer is adjusted with boric acid, and the calcium fertilizer is adjusted with gluconic acid.

[0026] Treatment 1:

[0027] Sowing was carried out on May 1, 2024. Under the corn seed production management, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage;

[0028] The specific spraying conditions were: sunny and windless weather, and artificial spraying was carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0029] The dissolved aqueous solution of zinc sulfate with a concentration of 1% and the aqueous solution of sodium borate were evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants, and on the next day at the same time, the dissolved aqueous solution of calcium gluconate with a concentration of 1% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants.

[0030] Treatment 2

[0031] Sowing was carried out on May 1, 2024. Under the corn seed production management, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage;

[0032] The specific spraying conditions were sunny and windless weather, and artificial spraying was carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0033] The dissolved aqueous solution of zinc sulfate with a concentration of 0.5% and the aqueous solution of sodium borate were evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants, and on the next day at the same time, the dissolved aqueous solution of calcium gluconate with a concentration of 0.5% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants.

[0034] Treatment 3

[0035] Sown on May 1, 2024, under the management of corn seed production, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage;

[0036] The specific spraying conditions were sunny and windless weather, and manual spraying was carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0037] The dissolved zinc sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 1% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants, and the dissolved calcium gluconate aqueous solution with a concentration of 1% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants at the same time on the next day.

[0038] Treatment 4

[0039] Sown on May 1, 2024, under the management of corn seed production, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage;

[0040] The specific spraying conditions were sunny and windless weather, and manual spraying was carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0041] The dissolved zinc sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants, and the dissolved calcium gluconate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants at the same time on the next day.

[0042] Treatment 5

[0043] Sown on May 1, 2024, under the management of corn seed production, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage;

[0044] The specific spraying conditions were sunny and windless weather, and manual spraying was carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0045] The dissolved sodium borate aqueous solution with a concentration of 1% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants, and the dissolved calcium gluconate aqueous solution with a concentration of 1% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants at the same time on the next day.

[0046] Treatment 6

[0047] Sown on May 1, 2024, under the management of corn seed production, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage;

[0048] The specific spraying conditions were sunny and windless weather, and manual spraying was carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0049] The dissolved sodium borate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants, and the dissolved calcium gluconate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants at the same time on the next day.

[0050] Treatment 7

[0051] Sowed on May 1, 2024. Under the management of corn seed production, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage.

[0052] The specific spraying conditions were sunny and windless days, and manual spraying was carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0053] The dissolved zinc sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 1% and sodium borate aqueous solution were evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants. At the same time on the next day, the same volume of water was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants.

[0054] Treatment 8

[0055] Sowed on May 1, 2024. Under the management of corn seed production, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage.

[0056] The specific spraying conditions were sunny and windless days, and manual spraying was carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0057] The dissolved zinc sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5% and sodium borate aqueous solution were evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants. At the same time on the next day, the same volume of water was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants.

[0058] Treatment 9

[0059] Sowed on May 1, 2024. Under the management of corn seed production, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage.

[0060] The specific spraying conditions were sunny and windless days, and manual spraying was carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0061] The dissolved zinc sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 1% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants. At the same time on the next day, the same volume of water was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants.

[0062] Treatment 10

[0063] Sowed on May 1, 2024. Under the management of corn seed production, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage.

[0064] The specific spraying conditions were sunny and windless days, and manual spraying was carried out between 18:00 and 20:00. The dissolved zinc sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5% was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants. At the same time on the next day, the same volume of water was evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants.

[0065] Treatment 11

[0066] Sowed on May 1, 2024. Under the management of corn seed production, foliar spraying was carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage.

[0067] The specific spraying conditions are sunny and windless days, and manual spraying is carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0068] The prepared sodium borate aqueous solution with a concentration of 1% is evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants, and the same volume of water is evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants at the same time on the next day.

[0069] Treatment 12

[0070] Sowing on May 1, 2024, under the management of maize seed production, foliar spraying is carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage;

[0071] The specific spraying conditions are sunny and windless days, and manual spraying is carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0072] The prepared sodium borate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5% is evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants, and the same volume of water is evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants at the same time on the next day.

[0073] Treatment 13 (control treatment)

[0074] Sowing on May 1, 2024, under the management of maize seed production, foliar spraying is carried out every 10 days from the five-leaf stage to before the tasseling stage;

[0075] The specific spraying conditions are sunny and windless days, and manual spraying is carried out between 18:00 and 20:00.

[0076] The same volume of water is evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants, and the same volume of water is evenly sprayed on the leaf surface of the plants at the same time on the next day.

[0077] Each treatment is repeated three times.

[0078] Treatments 1 - 13 are measured and analyzed, and labeled as T1 - T13. After the plants mature, three plants with uniform growth are selected from each repetition of each treatment to harvest the ear for seed testing, and data such as seed setting rate are measured. The remaining ears are harvested for measuring the total ear weight and grain weight. The results are shown in Appendix Figure 1 To Appendix Figure 3 , in the same column of the attached figure, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (P < 0.05).

[0079] (1) Effects of different fertilization ratios on the grain weight per ear of maize hybrid seed production:

[0080] The results of the effects of different fertilization ratios on the grain weight per ear of maize hybrid seed production are as Figure 1 shown. Compared with other treatments and the control treatment, T1 can obtain the maximum grain weight per ear of 68.8 g. Compared with the control treatment, the grain weight per ear of T1 increases significantly by about 63.42%. Compared with the control treatment, the grain weight per ear of T2 increases significantly by about 51.78%. There are no significant differences among the remaining treatment groups.

[0081] (2) Effects of different fertilization ratios on the seed setting rate of maize hybrid seed production:

[0082] The results of the effects of different fertilization ratios on the seed setting rate of maize hybrid seed production are as Figure 2 shown. Compared with other treatments and the control treatment, T1 can obtain the maximum seed setting rate of 0.78. Compared with the control treatment, T1 - T12 all have significant increases, which are 67.23%, 54.81%, 40.00%, 29.94%, 49.09%, 33.86%, 39.07%, 32.79%, 34.59%, 17.21%, 31.90%, 22.07% respectively.

[0083] (3) Effects of different fertilization ratios on the yield of maize hybrid seed production:

[0084] Compared with other treatments and the control treatment, T1 can obtain the maximum yield of 533.89 kg / mu. Compared with the control treatment, T1, T2 and T7 all have significant increases, which are 48.95%, 44.55%, 36.07% respectively, and there is no significant difference among the remaining treatments.

[0085] The above shows and describes the main features, usage methods, basic principles and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above - mentioned embodiments. The above - mentioned embodiments and the descriptions in the specification are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have corresponding changes and improvements according to the actual situation, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for increasing corn seed production yield under high temperature environment, characterized in that: Under conventional management of corn planting, foliar fertilization is carried out from the five-leaf stage to the tasseling stage. The fertilizers used for foliar fertilization include zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer.

2. The method for increasing corn seed production under high temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The zinc fertilizer is a zinc sulfate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5wt% to 1wt%.

3. The method for increasing corn seed production under high temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calcium fertilizer is a calcium gluconate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5wt% to 1wt%.

4. The method for increasing corn seed production under high temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boron fertilizer is a sodium borate aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5wt% to 1wt%.

5. The method for increasing corn seed production yield under high temperature environment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The zinc fertilizer and the boron fertilizer are sprayed on the same day, and the calcium fertilizer is sprayed on the second day after the zinc fertilizer and the boron fertilizer are sprayed.

6. The method for increasing corn seed production yield under high temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH values ​​of the zinc fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and boron fertilizer are all 6.0-6.

5.

7. The method for increasing corn seed production under high temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: High temperature environment refers to the growing period of corn, when the maximum daily temperature is ≥35℃ and lasts for more than 3 days.

8. The method for increasing corn seed production yield under high temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Foliar fertilization is performed in a fixed cycle from the five-leaf stage to the tasseling stage of corn, and the fixed cycle is 10 days.

9. The method for increasing corn seed production yield under high temperature environment according to claim 8, characterized in that: From the five-leaf stage to the tasseling stage of corn, foliar fertilization is carried out at a fixed cycle and at a fixed time. The fixed time is the windless period from 18:00 to 20:00 on the day of each foliar fertilization.

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