Hybrid improvement method for Bashan cattle

Abstract

The invention provides a Bashan cattle hybridization improvement method, and belongs to the technical field of animal husbandry. Comprising the following steps: S1, determining an improvement target of Bashan cattle, and determining excellent basic cattle suitable for hybridization according to the target selected by improvement; s2, selecting Bashan cows with excellent reproductive performance, body shape and appearance; and S3, selecting target cattle with excellent performance according to the improvement target, and cryopreserving sperms of the Brashan bulls. According to the method, the first-generation cows which are hybridized with the target cattle breed are bred, then the cows are hybridized with the Bashan cattle to generate the second hybrid generation, the cows and the bulls which are well developed are bred from the second hybrid generation, cross-cross fixation is conducted, and finally the improved Bashan cattle hybrid variety is obtained, so that the excellent variety characteristics of the Bashan cattle are kept, the growth performance is improved, and the breeding period is shortened. The beef grade is improved, the hybridization direction can be flexibly changed according to needs, large-scale production can be carried out, and the application range of the Bashan cattle is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry, and particularly relates to a method for cross-breeding and improving Bashan cattle. Background Art

[0002] Bashan cattle is a local cattle breed in the Sichuan region of China. It has a large body size, a compact structure, a well-proportioned body shape, well-developed forequarters, solid hoof quality, and is suitable for grazing and working in mountainous areas. It is an excellent dual-purpose breed of draft and meat in mountainous areas of our country. However, there are problems with Bashan cattle such as uneven growth, insufficient width and plumpness in the development of the hindquarters, and a slightly shorter body length in the delicate type. Moreover, except for its draft performance, the other performances of Bashan cattle are not strong, and its breeding quantity outside mountainous areas is relatively low. Therefore, the present application provides a method for cross-breeding and improving Bashan cattle to meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cross-breeding and improving Bashan cattle to solve the problems of uneven growth, insufficient width and plumpness in the development of the hindquarters, and a slightly shorter body length in the delicate type of Bashan cattle. Moreover, except for its draft performance, the other performances of Bashan cattle are not strong, and its breeding quantity outside mountainous areas is relatively low.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for cross-breeding and improving Bashan cattle, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Determine the improvement objectives of Bashan cattle, and determine excellent basic breeding cattle suitable for cross-breeding according to the selected improvement objectives;

[0007] S2. Select Bashan cows that are excellent in reproductive performance and body appearance;

[0008] S3. Select excellent target breeding cattle and cryopreserve the sperm of Bashan bulls according to the improvement objectives. The selected target breeding cattle are individuals with obvious breed characteristics, a daily weight gain higher than the average value before 6 months of age, and no vertically transmitted diseases; the selected Bashan bulls are individuals with obvious breed characteristics, a daily weight gain greater than the average value before 6 months of age, and no vertically transmitted diseases;

[0009] S4. Cross Bashan cows with target breeding cattle to obtain first-generation crossbred individuals;

[0010] S5. Among the first-generation crossbred individuals, select excellent cows. The excellent cows are specifically: individuals with a daily weight gain higher than the average weight gain of the other first-generation crossbred individuals before 6 months of age, and no vertically transmitted diseases. Cross the selected first-generation crossbred cows with Bashan bulls to obtain second-generation crossbred individuals;

[0011] S6. Select excellent bulls and cows from the second-generation hybrid individuals for inbreeding, and conduct inbreeding to stably retain the breed characteristics of the second-generation individuals after hybridization.

[0012] Furthermore, the improvement objectives in S1 include: increasing milk production, improving meat quality, enhancing disease resistance, and enhancing tillage ability.

[0013] Among them, the target breeding cattle for increasing milk production are preferably: Holstein cattle, Jersey cattle, Dairy Mountain cattle, etc.

[0014] Among them, the target breeding cattle for improving meat quality are preferably: Simmental cattle, Limousin cattle, Kobe beef cattle, Wagyu cattle, etc.

[0015] Among them, the target breeding cattle for enhancing disease resistance are preferably: Qinchuan cattle, Jinnan cattle, Yellow cattle, etc.

[0016] Among them, the target breeding cattle for enhancing tillage ability are preferably: Zhushan Yunba Yellow cattle, Jinjiang Yellow cattle, Guizhou Buffalo, etc.

[0017] Furthermore, the excellent breeding cattle in S3 specifically refer to: individuals with a compact overall structure, well-proportioned body shape, obvious breed characteristics, a relatively fast daily weight gain rate before 6 months of age, a slower growth rate afterwards, and no vertically transmitted diseases.

[0018] Furthermore, the excellent cows in S2 specifically refer to: cows with gray hair color, well-proportioned structure, well-developed chest, straight back and waist, thick and short limbs; good bloodline and clear pedigree.

[0019] Furthermore, the Bashan cows, first-generation hybrid cows, and second-generation hybrid cows are uniformly raised and managed intensively.

[0020] Furthermore, the feeding and management methods for the Bashan cows, first-generation hybrid cows, and second-generation hybrid cows are as follows:

[0021] Step 1. After the cows reach sexual maturity, start physical contact with the bulls or induce estrus through a partition. Observe the morphology of the vulva and the secreted mucus of the cows every morning and evening to judge the estrus situation of the cows. The specific estrus symptoms are: the vulva of the cows is swollen and red, the vaginal mucosa is congested and flushing, and the surface is smooth and moist; there is a large amount of transparent stringy mucus or mucus secretion crust at the upper end of the tail near the vulva.

[0022] Step 2. When it is determined that the cows are in estrus, use artificial insemination for breeding.

[0023] Step 3. After giving birth, the cows should be fed warm and sufficient bran brine in a timely manner to promote the discharge of the fetal membranes and make up for the loss of body water during childbirth.

[0024] Furthermore, the bran brine is obtained by mixing 1.5 - 2 kg of bran, 100 - 150 g of salt, and 10 - 20 kg of warm water.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0026] In the above solution, by breeding first-generation female cows hybridized with the target cattle breed and then hybridizing them with Bashan cattle to produce second-generation hybrids, selecting well-developed female and male cows from the second-generation hybrids for inbreeding and fixation, and finally obtaining the hybrid improved variety of Bashan cattle, the excellent breed characteristics of Bashan cattle are maintained, the growth performance is improved, the beef grade is enhanced, and the hybridization direction can be flexibly changed as needed, enabling large-scale production and expanding the adaptation range of Bashan cattle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings incorporated herein and constituting a part of the specification illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the specification, are further used to explain the principles of the present disclosure and enable those skilled in the relevant art to implement and use the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the method for hybrid improvement of Bashan cattle;

[0029] As shown in the figure, in order to clearly implement the structure of the embodiments of the present invention, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure, but this is only for schematic needs and is not intended to limit the present invention to this specific structure, device and environment. According to specific needs, those of ordinary skill in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments, and the adjustments or modifications made are still included within the scope of the appended claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0030] The following describes in detail a method for hybrid improvement of Bashan cattle provided by the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it should be noted here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments. For some well-known technologies, those skilled in the art can also adopt other alternative methods for implementation; moreover, the drawings are only for more specifically describing the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that in the specification, references to "one embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments", etc. indicate that the described embodiments may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not necessarily every embodiment includes the specific feature, structure or characteristic. Additionally, when combining embodiments to describe specific features, structures or characteristics, implementing such features, structures or characteristics in combination with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the relevant art.

[0032] Generally, terms can be understood, at least in part, from their use in context. For example, depending at least in part on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood to not necessarily be intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but rather can alternatively, at least in part depending on the context, allow for the existence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0033] It will be understood that the meanings of "on", "above", and "over" in this disclosure should be construed in the broadest manner such that "on" not only means "directly on" something, but also includes the meaning of being "on" something with intervening features or layers therebetween, and "above" or "over" not only means "above" or "over" something, but can also include the meaning of being "above" or "over" something with no intervening features or layers therebetween.

[0034] In addition, spatial relative terms such as "under", "below", "lower", "above", "upper", etc. may be used herein for convenience of description to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another or other elements or features, as shown in the drawings. The spatial relative terms are intended to cover different orientations in the use or operation of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. The device may be oriented in other ways, and the spatial relative descriptors used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] As Figure 1 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cross-breeding and improving Bashan cattle, including the following steps:

[0037] S1. Improve the milk production of Bashan cattle, and select Holstein cattle or Jersey cattle as the breeding cattle for improvement;

[0038] S2. Select excellent Bashan cows in terms of reproductive performance and body conformation;

[0039] S3. Select excellent Holstein cattle or Jersey cattle and cryopreserve the sperm of Bashan bulls. The selected Holstein cattle or Jersey cattle are individuals with obvious breed characteristics, a daily weight gain higher than the average before 6 months of age, and no vertically transmitted diseases; the selected Bashan bulls are individuals with obvious breed characteristics, a daily weight gain greater than the average before 6 months of age and no vertically transmitted diseases;

[0040] S4. Cross Bashan cows with Holstein cattle or Jersey cattle to obtain first-generation crossbred individuals;

[0041] S5. Among the first-generation hybrid individuals, select excellent cows. Specifically, the excellent cows are those with a daily weight gain before 6 months of age higher than the average weight gain of the other first-generation hybrid individuals and without vertically transmitted diseases. Cross the selected first-generation hybrid cows with Bashan bulls to obtain second-generation hybrid individuals.

[0042] S6. Select excellent bulls and cows among the second-generation hybrid individuals for inbreeding and inbreed to stably retain the breed characteristics of the second-generation individuals after hybridization.

[0043] Specifically, the excellent breeding cattle in S3 refer to those with a compact overall structure, well-proportioned body shape, obvious breed characteristics, a relatively fast daily weight gain speed before 6 months of age, a slower growth speed afterwards, and without vertically transmitted diseases.

[0044] Specifically, the excellent cows in S2 refer to those with gray hair, well-proportioned structure, good chest development, straight back and waist, thick and short limbs; good bloodline and clear pedigree.

[0045] Specifically, the Bashan cows, first-generation hybrid cows and second-generation hybrid cows are uniformly intensively fed and managed.

[0046] Specifically, the feeding and management methods for the Bashan cows, first-generation hybrid cows and second-generation hybrid cows are as follows:

[0047] Step 1. After the cows reach sexual maturity, start physical contact with bulls or induce estrus through a partition. Observe the morphology of the vulva and the secreted mucus of the cows every morning and evening to judge the estrus situation of the cows. The specific estrus symptoms are: the vulva of the cows is swollen and red, the vaginal mucosa is congested and flushing, and the surface is smooth and moist; there is a large amount of transparent stringy mucus or mucus secretion scabs at the upper end of the tail near the vulva.

[0048] Step 2. When it is determined that the cows are in estrus, use artificial insemination for breeding.

[0049] Step 3. After calving, the cows should be fed warm and sufficient wheat bran brine in a timely manner to promote the discharge of the fetal membranes and make up for the loss of body water during parturition.

[0050] Furthermore, the wheat bran brine is obtained by mixing 1.5 - 2 kg of wheat bran, 100 - 150 g of salt, and 10 - 20 kg of warm water.

[0051] The above embodiments can effectively improve the milk yield of Bashan cattle and retain the breed characteristics of Bashan cattle.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] As Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for crossbreeding and improving Bashan cattle, including a method for crossbreeding and improving Bashan cattle, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1. Improve the meat quality of Bashan cattle, and select one of Simmental cattle, Limousin cattle, Kobe beef cattle, and Wagyu as the breeding cattle for improvement;

[0055] S2. Select excellent Bashan cows in terms of reproductive performance and body appearance;

[0056] S3. Select one of the excellent Simmental cattle, Limousin cattle, Kobe beef cattle, and Wagyu, and cryopreserve the sperm of Bashan bulls. The selected breeding cattle are individuals with obvious breed characteristics, a daily weight gain higher than the average before 6 months of age, and no vertically transmitted diseases; the selected Bashan bulls are individuals with obvious breed characteristics, a daily weight gain greater than the average before 6 months of age, and no vertically transmitted diseases;

[0057] S4. Cross the Bashan cows with the selected breeding cattle to obtain first-generation crossbred individuals;

[0058] S5. Among the first-generation crossbred individuals, select excellent cows. The excellent cows specifically refer to individuals with a daily weight gain higher than the average weight gain of the remaining first-generation crossbred individuals before 6 months of age and no vertically transmitted diseases. Cross the selected first-generation crossbred cows with Bashan bulls to obtain second-generation crossbred individuals;

[0059] S6. Select excellent bulls and cows among the second-generation crossbred individuals for inbreeding to stably retain the breed characteristics of the second-generation crossbred individuals after inbreeding.

[0060] Specifically, the excellent breeding cattle in S3 specifically refer to individuals with a compact overall structure, a well-proportioned body, obvious breed characteristics, a relatively fast daily weight gain speed before 6 months of age, a slower growth speed afterwards, and no vertically transmitted diseases.

[0061] Specifically, the excellent cows in S2 specifically refer to cows with gray hair, a well-proportioned structure, well-developed chests, straight backs and waists, and thick and short limbs; with good bloodlines and clear pedigrees.

[0062] Specifically, the Bashan cows, first-generation crossbred cows, and second-generation crossbred cows are uniformly intensively raised and managed.

[0063] Specifically, the feeding and management methods for the Bashan cows, first-generation crossbred cows, and second-generation crossbred cows are as follows:

[0064] Step 1: After the female cows reach sexual maturity, start physical contact with the male cows or induce estrus through a fence. Observe the morphology of the vulva and the secreted mucus of the female cows every morning and evening to judge the estrus situation. The specific estrus symptoms are as follows: The vulva of the female cow is swollen and red, the vaginal mucosa is congested and flushed, and the surface is smooth and moist; there is a large amount of transparent stringy mucus or a crust of mucus secretion at the vulva at the upper end of the tail;

[0065] Step 2: When it is determined that the female cow is in estrus, use artificial insemination for breeding;

[0066] Step 3: After giving birth, the female cows should be fed warm and sufficient wheat bran brine in a timely manner to promote the discharge of the fetal membranes and make up for the loss of body water during childbirth.

[0067] Furthermore, the wheat bran brine is obtained by mixing 1.5 - 2 kg of wheat bran, 100 - 150 g of salt, and adding 10 - 20 kg of warm water.

[0068] Furthermore, select 6 offspring with excellent meat production performance for cultivation. When cultivating until 2 months before slaughter, use a special meat quality improvement feed for feeding. The specific meat quality improvement feed formula is measured by components as follows: 10.5 parts of silage, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of sunflower meal, 60 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of salt, 2 parts of minerals, and 0.5 part of antioxidant additive. The antioxidant additive is vitamin D and E, which can stabilize the growth rate after hybridization of Bashan cattle and improve the meat production performance.

[0069] The above embodiments can effectively increase the body size of Bashan cattle and improve the meat quality of Bashan cattle, making it have a high slaughter rate for meat use.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cross - breeding and improving Bashan cattle, including the following steps:

[0072] S1. Improve the tillage ability of Bashan cattle, and select one of Zhushan Yunba yellow cattle, Jinjiang yellow cattle, and Guizhou water buffalo as the breeding cattle for improvement;

[0073] S2. Select excellent Bashan female cows in terms of reproductive performance and body shape appearance;

[0074] S3. Select one of the excellent Zhushan Yunba yellow cattle, Jinjiang yellow cattle, and Guizhou water buffalo and cryopreserve the sperm of Bashan bulls. The selected breeding cattle are individuals with obvious breed characteristics, daily weight gain higher than the average value before 6 months of age, and no vertically transmitted diseases; the selected Bashan bulls are individuals with obvious breed characteristics, daily weight gain greater than the average value before 6 months of age and no vertically transmitted diseases;

[0075] S4. Cross the Bashan cows with the selected breeding bulls to obtain first-generation hybrid individuals.

[0076] S5. Among the first-generation hybrid individuals, select the excellent-performing cows. Specifically, the excellent-performing cows are those with a daily weight gain higher than the average weight gain of the other first-generation hybrid individuals before 6 months of age and without vertically transmitted diseases. Cross the selected first-generation hybrid cows with Bashan bulls to obtain second-generation hybrid individuals.

[0077] S6. Select excellent-performing bulls and cows among the second-generation hybrid individuals for inbreeding and inbreed to stably retain the breed characteristics of the second-generation hybrid individuals after hybridization.

[0078] Specifically, the excellent-performing breeding bulls in S3 refer to those with a compact overall structure, well-proportioned body shape, obvious breed characteristics, a relatively fast daily weight gain speed before 6 months of age, a slower growth speed afterwards, and without vertically transmitted diseases.

[0079] Specifically, the excellent-performing cows in S2 refer to those with a gray coat color, well-proportioned structure, well-developed chest, straight back and waist, thick and short limbs; good bloodline and clear pedigree.

[0080] Specifically, the Bashan cows, first-generation hybrid cows, and second-generation hybrid cows are uniformly raised and managed intensively.

[0081] Specifically, the feeding and management methods for the Bashan cows, first-generation hybrid cows, and second-generation hybrid cows are as follows:

[0082] Step 1. After the cows reach sexual maturity, start physical contact with the bulls or induce estrus through a partition. Observe the morphology of the vulva and the secreted mucus of the cows every morning and evening to judge the estrus situation of the cows. The specific estrus symptoms are: the vulva of the cows is swollen and red, the vaginal mucosa is congested and flushing, and the surface is smooth and moist; there is a large amount of transparent stringy mucus or a crust of mucus secretion at the upper end of the tail near the vulva.

[0083] Step 2. When it is determined that the cows are in estrus, use artificial insemination for breeding.

[0084] Step 3. After giving birth, the cows should be fed warm and sufficient wheat bran brine in a timely manner to promote the discharge of the fetal membranes and supplement the loss of body water during childbirth.

[0085] Furthermore, the wheat bran brine is obtained by mixing 1.5 - 2 kg of wheat bran, 100 - 150 g of salt, and 10 - 20 kg of warm water.

[0086] The above embodiments can effectively improve the disease resistance of Bashan cattle and increase the farming ability of Bashan cattle in mountainous areas.

[0087] The present invention covers any alternatives, modifications, equivalent methods and solutions made to the essence and scope of the present invention. In order to enable the public to have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components and circuits, etc. are not described in detail to avoid unnecessary confusion to the essence of the present invention.

[0088] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the above-described method of implementing the embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as: ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.

[0089] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for hybridization and improvement of Bashan cattle, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Determine the improvement target of Bashan cattle, and determine the excellent basic breed cattle suitable for hybridization according to the selected improvement target; S2. Select Bashan cows with excellent reproductive performance and body shape and appearance; S3. Select target breed cattle with excellent performance and sperm cryopreservation of Bashan bulls according to the improvement target. The target breed cattle are selected from individuals with obvious breed characteristics, daily weight gain before 6 months of age is higher than the average, and no vertically transmitted diseases; the Bashan bulls are selected from individuals with obvious breed characteristics, daily weight gain before 6 months of age is higher than the average, and no vertically transmitted diseases; S4, hybridizing the Bashan cow with the target breeder cow to obtain a first-generation hybrid individual; S5. Select cows with excellent performance from the first-generation hybrid individuals. Specifically, cows with excellent performance are those whose daily weight gain before 6 months of age is higher than the average weight gain of other first-generation hybrid individuals and who have no vertically transmitted diseases. The selected first-generation hybrid cows are hybridized with Bashan bulls to obtain second-generation hybrid individuals. S6. Select bulls and cows with outstanding performance from the second-generation hybrid individuals for cross-breeding, and then cross-breed them so that the breed characteristics of the second-generation individuals after cross-breeding are stably retained.

2. The method for hybridization and improvement of Bashan cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The improvement goals in S1 include: increasing milk production, improving meat quality, enhancing disease resistance, and improving farming capabilities; Among them, the target breed cattle for improving milk production are preferably: Holstein cattle, Jersey cattle, Dairy Mountain cattle, etc.; The target breeds for improving meat quality are preferably: Simmental cattle, Limousin cattle, Kobe beef cattle, etc. The target cattle for enhancing disease resistance are preferably: Qinchuan cattle, Jinnan cattle, yellow cattle, etc.; Among them, the target breed cattle with enhanced farming ability are preferably: Zhushan Yunba Yellow Cattle, Jinjiang Yellow Cattle, Guizhou Water Buffalo, etc.

3. The method for hybridization and improvement of Bashan cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The above-mentioned excellent breeding cattle in S3 specifically refer to: individuals with compact overall structure, symmetrical body, obvious breed characteristics, rapid daily weight gain before 6 months of age, slowed growth rate thereafter, and no vertically transmitted diseases.

4. The method for hybridization and improvement of Bashan cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cows with excellent performance in S2 specifically refer to: gray coat color, symmetrical structure, well-developed chest, straight back and waist, short and thick limbs; good bloodline and clear pedigree.

5. The method for hybridization and improvement of Bashan cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Bashan cows, hybrid first-generation cows and hybrid second-generation cows are raised and managed in a unified and centralized manner.

6. The method for hybridization and improvement of Bashan cattle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The feeding and management method of the Bashan cow, the hybrid first-generation cow and the hybrid second-generation cow is as follows: Step 1: After the cow reaches sexual maturity, it starts to contact the bull physically or induce estrus through a fence. Every morning and evening, observe the morphology of the cow's vulva and the secretion of mucus to determine the cow's estrus. The specific estrus symptoms are: the cow's vulva is red and swollen, the vaginal mucosa is congested and flushed, and the surface is smooth and moist; there is a large amount of transparent stringy mucus or mucus secretion scab at the vulva at the upper end of the tail; Step 2: When the cow is determined to be in estrus, artificial insemination is used for breeding; Step 3: Postpartum cows should be fed with warm and sufficient bran salt water in time to promote the discharge of the placenta and replenish the water loss in the body during delivery.

7. The method for hybridization and improvement of Bashan cattle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bran salt water is obtained by mixing 1.5-2kg of bran, 100-150g of salt and 10-20kg of warm water.

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