Reagent and method for preventing and controlling tetranychus urticae

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of pest mite prevention and control, and discloses a reagent and a method for preventing and controlling tetranychus urticae. An ecological membrane, carvacrol and water are used as components of a reagent, the action mechanism and the prevention and control level of tetranychid mites when the ecological membrane and the carvacrol are used together are deeply explored by screening the optimal compound combination and the action mode of the ecological membrane and the carvacrol, and the application effect of a biological and green prevention and control technology in the field of pest mite prevention and control is improved. The application range of the mixed ecological film and carvacrol in the field of agricultural pest control is widened, and the compound can be used for preventing and controlling the harm of tetranychus urticae, especially the harm of tetranychus urticae. The invention injects new vitality to agricultural green sustainable development, and can effectively solve the prevention and treatment problems caused by drug resistance, such as environmental pollution, pesticide residue, drug resistance and cross resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of pest mite control, and particularly to a reagent and method for controlling Tetranychus urticae Koch. Background Art

[0002] Mite is commonly known as fire dragon, red spider, sand dragon, etc. Adult mites and nymphs suck the plant sap. When they damage plants, they often spin loose silk webs on the plants. Sometimes they are mistaken for small spiders, but they are not true spiders. Mites mainly damage leaves. At first, the leaves will lose their green color, and later they will turn white or brown, just like being scorched, seriously affecting the photosynthesis of the leaves. Secondly, mites will affect the differentiation of flower buds. Moreover, they will also affect the growth and development of fruits. The fruit surface loses its luster, becomes rough, the fruit coloring is poor, the fruit size becomes smaller, and the commercial rate of the fruit decreases. Mites reduce the photosynthesis of fruit trees, resulting in weak tree vigor, inducing various diseases and pests, and causing early defoliation of fruit trees. Generally, it includes Tetranychus viennensis Zacher, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and Tetranychus urticae Koch.

[0003] Among them, Tetranychus urticae Koch is a worldwide agricultural pest mite with a wide host range and can damage various cash crops such as vegetables, fruit trees and flowers. Its reproduction speed is fast and its adaptability is strong. The extensive use of conventional chemical pesticides not only leads to the continuous enhancement of the drug resistance of Tetranychus urticae Koch, but also poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and the quality and safety of agricultural products. Therefore, it is urgent to develop green, efficient and sustainable prevention and control technologies.

[0004] The control methods of Tetranychus urticae Koch mainly include agricultural control, biological control, chemical control and physical control. The agricultural control method is to reduce the living environment of mites through measures such as crop rotation, removing weeds in the field, reasonable fertilization and irrigation. Although this method is environmentally friendly, low-cost and effective in the long term, it has a slow effect and requires long-term adherence. The biological control method is to control the mite population by using natural enemies such as predatory mites and ladybugs. This method is environmentally friendly, does not produce drug resistance and is ecological-friendly, but has the disadvantages of slow effect and being greatly affected by the environment. The chemical control method is to directly kill mites by using acaricides such as abamectin and pyridaben. It has the advantages of fast effect and remarkable effect, but is prone to drug resistance, pollutes the environment and may accidentally kill natural enemies. The physical control method is to trap or kill mites by using physical means such as sticky boards and ultraviolet lamps. Although it is environmentally friendly and has no chemical residues, its effect is limited and it is only suitable for small-scale use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention explores and utilizes new agricultural materials for comprehensive pest mite control, especially suitable for mite control, and further suitable for the control of Tetranychus urticae Koch.

[0006] The ecological membrane (nano - state molecular diaphragm) uses cross - linked biopolymer colloid as a carrier to disperse nano - particles with physical barrier functions, endowing the product with a new membrane material mainly featuring physical isolation. Carvacrol is a natural plant - derived compound with various biological activities such as insecticidal and antibacterial effects.

[0007] Based on the respective advantages of the ecological membrane and carvacrol, the present invention combines the two to develop a reagent that can effectively control spider mites, and studies the effects of this reagent on the physiology and fitness of spider mites, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the green control of spider mites and a scientific basis for the green control of field agriculture.

[0008] To achieve the above - mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a reagent for controlling spider mites, comprising an ecological membrane, carvacrol, and water.

[0009] Preferably, the spider mite is Tetranychus urticae.

[0010] Preferably, the ecological membrane is a nano - state molecular diaphragm or a nano - state isolation and slow - release membrane, which is an isolation and slow - release permeable liquid membrane preparation with unique properties. After spraying, it can form a protective film on the surface of crops, having functions such as leaf surface isolation, rain - water scouring resistance, long adhesion, and medicament slow - release, and also having the functions of preventing and controlling pests and diseases and improving fruit quality.

[0011] Preferably, the ecological membrane is a synthetic polymer ecological membrane, and more preferably a compound Huadian stress - resistant ecological membrane.

[0012] The ecological membrane adopted in the present invention can be commercially purchased or prepared by the methods of existing technologies. For example, the isolation and slow - release membrane can be prepared by the method described in CN 118994979 A.

[0013] The compound Huadian stress - resistant ecological membrane is a nano - state molecular diaphragm, which is a new type of plant protection material. It is an isolation and slow - release permeable liquid membrane preparation with unique properties. After spraying, it can form a network - like membrane structure on the surface of crops, enhancing the stress resistance of plants. It has multiple advantages such as leaf surface isolation, drug slow - release, anti - scouring, long adhesion, and stable slow - release. At the same time, it also has functions such as dye - blocking, heat - insulation, cold - resistance, and radiation protection, and can create a stable and safe growth micro - environment for crops. It includes a poly(lactic acid) - chitosan cross - linked polymer and calcium carbonate nano - iodine, and the specific structure is as follows: Poly(lactic acid) - chitosan cross - linked polymer: (1) Poly(lactic acid) part: Formed by the polycondensation reaction of lactic acid, it has a linear aliphatic polyester structure, and there are ester bonds on the molecular chain, making it have certain biodegradability and good mechanical properties.

[0014] (2) Chitosan part: It is a linear polysaccharide formed by linking N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The molecule contains a large number of amino and hydroxyl groups, endowing it with good biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and modifiability.

[0015] (3) Crosslinked structure: Poly(lactic acid) and chitosan form a three-dimensional network structure through a crosslinking reaction. The crosslinking points can be formed by physical interactions or chemical reactions (such as covalent bonds), increasing the stability and mechanical properties of the polymer, while regulating its degradation rate and permeability.

[0016] (4) Content ≥ 10%, which serves as the basic framework of the ecological membrane and is formed by the crosslinking reaction of poly(lactic acid) segments and chitosan segments. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide containing a large number of active groups such as amino and hydroxyl groups, and poly(lactic acid) is a polyester polymer. After crosslinking, it combines the biodegradability, thermal stability, and solvent resistance of poly(lactic acid) with the biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and abundant active sites of chitosan.

[0017] Calcium carbonate: (1) Crystal structure: It usually exists in crystal forms such as calcite, aragonite, or vaterite. In the nano-peptide molecular diaphragm, calcium carbonate nanoparticles may have specific crystal forms and particle size distributions, and the calcium ions and carbonate ions in its crystal structure exist in a specific lattice arrangement.

[0018] (2) Existence form: It is uniformly dispersed in the poly(lactic acid)-chitosan crosslinked polymer matrix in the form of nano-scale particles, and is combined with the polymer molecular chains through physical adsorption or chemical bonding, etc., enhancing the mechanical properties and stability of the diaphragm.

[0019] (3) Content ≥ 5%, dispersed in the network structure formed by the poly(lactic acid)-chitosan crosslinked polymer, interacting with the active groups of the polymer, such as forming chemical bonds or physical adsorption with the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan, enhancing the mechanical properties of the membrane, while regulating the pore structure and permeability of the membrane.

[0020] Nano-iodine: (1) Molecular structure: Nano-iodine is usually an aggregate composed of multiple iodine atoms and has special physical and chemical properties at the nano-scale.

[0021] (2) Existence form: It is loaded in the poly(lactic acid)-chitosan crosslinked polymer matrix in the form of nano-particles, may interact with certain groups on the polymer molecular chains, or fill in the pores of the polymer, playing its antibacterial, disinfection, and other functions.

[0022] (3) The content is ≥ 0.2%, evenly distributed in the matrix of the polylactic acid-chitosan cross-linked polymer. Part of it may combine with certain groups of the polymer, and part exists in the form of nanoparticles, playing the roles of sterilization and physiological regulation.

[0023] Calcium carbonate plays a significant role in the compound Huadine stress-resistant ecological membrane. It can not only enhance the mechanical properties of the membrane, regulate the pore structure and permeability, control material exchange, but also provide calcium elements for plant growth, enhance the cell wall stability and plant stress resistance, and participate in physiological regulation. When the calcium carbonate content is ≥ 5%, it can ensure its effective content in the ecological membrane, fully exert various functions, meet the calcium demand of plants, and ensure the stress-resistant effect of the ecological membrane and the growth and development of plants.

[0024] In the compound Huadine stress-resistant ecological membrane, nano-iodine has a powerful sterilization ability, can kill germs, reduce the risk of plant diseases, and may also participate in plant physiological regulation, affect metabolism, enhance plant immunity and stress resistance. When the nano-iodine content is ≥ 0.2%, nano-iodine has a sufficient concentration in the ecological membrane, effectively plays the roles of sterilization and physiological regulation, improves the plant stress resistance ability, and helps plants grow and develop in a complex environment.

[0025] The chemical formula of carvacrol is C 10 H 14 O. It is a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene compound and cysteine derivative, and is the main component of natural active antibacterial substances such as thyme essential oil and oregano essential oil. It has antibacterial effects on a variety of microorganisms. Compared with traditional pesticides, the series of carvacrol aqueous agent products of plant-derived pesticides have the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, increasing production and income, environmental protection, and no drug resistance. They can replace "highly toxic, high-residue" chemically synthesized pesticides and be used for the prevention and control of agricultural pests and diseases, and are suitable for the production of green agricultural products.

[0026] Preferably, the addition amount of the ecological membrane is 2 - 8 g / L, and the addition amount of carvacrol is 20 - 60 mg / L; preferably, the addition amount of the ecological membrane is 2 - 6 g / L, and the addition amount of carvacrol is 25 - 50 mg / L; the addition amount is further preferably: 5 g / L of the ecological membrane and 41 - 42 mg / L of carvacrol; 5 g / L of the ecological membrane and 25 mg / L of carvacrol; 2.5 g / L of the ecological membrane and 41 - 42 mg / L of carvacrol; 2.5 g / L of the ecological membrane and 25 mg / L of carvacrol.

[0027] The reasons for preferably selecting the above concentration ranges are as follows: (1)Synergistic effect: The compound Huadian stress-resistant ecological film mainly forms a protective film on the plant surface to enhance the plant's own stress resistance. At the same time, components such as nano-iodine contained in it can sterilize and disinfect, assisting in resisting pests and diseases; carvacrol has a special smell, which has a repellent and inhibitory effect on Tetranychus urticae. Within this concentration range, the two can play a synergistic role. The ecological film provides an attachment basis for the continuous action of carvacrol, and carvacrol enhances the direct control effect on Tetranychus urticae, jointly better resisting the invasion of Tetranychus urticae.

[0028] (2)Cost-effectiveness: Selecting these concentration ranges can avoid a substantial increase in costs caused by using high-concentration pesticides while ensuring good control effects on Tetranychus urticae, realizing the rational utilization of resources, and improving economic benefits.

[0029] (3)Safety considerations: For plants, this concentration range can reduce the risk of phytotoxicity to plants and does not affect the normal growth and development of plants; from an environmental perspective, it can reduce the residues of pesticides in the environment and reduce the impact on non-target organisms such as beneficial insects and soil microorganisms, meeting the requirements of ecological environmental protection.

[0030] (4)Stability of control effect: This concentration range can ensure that the mixture plays a relatively stable control effect on Tetranychus urticae under different environmental conditions, without being greatly interfered by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, ensuring the reliability of the control effect.

[0031] When the addition dose exceeds the above range, high concentrations will have the following deteriorating effects: (1)Effect on the control effect of Tetranychus urticae: Frequent use of high-concentration pesticides will exert a strong selection pressure on Tetranychus urticae, prompting the number of resistant individuals in its population to gradually increase, accelerating the emergence and development of Tetranychus urticae resistance, and reducing the future control effect of pesticides.

[0032] (2)Effect on plants: Too high a concentration of the compound Huadian stress-resistant ecological film may lead to too thick a film layer, seriously hindering the gas exchange of plant leaves, affecting photosynthesis and respiration, and then inhibiting plant growth, making the plants short and the leaves yellow. High-concentration carvacrol may be toxic to plant cells, interfering with the normal physiological metabolism of plants, and also inhibiting plant growth. Seriously, it may cause phytotoxic symptoms such as spots, withering, and curling on plant leaves, reducing the ornamental value and economic value of plants, and even causing plant death.

[0033] (3)Impact on the environment: After the use of high-concentration agents, the residue levels in the environment such as soil and water bodies increase, and they are difficult to degrade. Long-term accumulation may change the physical and chemical properties of the soil, affect soil fertility and the structure of the microbial community, and disrupt the ecological balance. It may be toxic to beneficial insects such as bees and butterflies, affecting their normal ecological functions such as pollination, and may also cause harm to beneficial organisms such as earthworms in the soil, affecting the normal functions of the soil ecosystem.

[0034] When the addition dosage is lower than the above range, the deterioration effects caused by the low concentration are as follows: (1)Impact on the control effect of Tetranychus urticae: It will lead to poor control effects. When the concentration of the compounded Huadian anti-stress ecological film is too low, a complete and effective protective film cannot be formed on the plant surface, making it easy for Tetranychus urticae to break through the defense line and invade the plant. The repellent and inhibitory effects of low-concentration carvacrol are weakened, and it cannot effectively prevent the feeding and reproduction of Tetranychus urticae, resulting in a large number of Tetranychus urticae breeding and seriously affecting plant growth.

[0035] (2)Impact on plant growth: Since the damage caused by Tetranychus urticae cannot be effectively controlled, the plant is damaged by pests, the leaves are damaged, the photosynthetic area is reduced, and a large amount of nutrients are consumed, resulting in poor plant growth, phenomena such as leaf chlorosis, flower and fruit drop, etc., affecting the yield and quality of the plant.

[0036] Preferably, the water selected is pure water.

[0037] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned reagent for controlling leaf mites, which is to add the ecological film and carvacrol into water and mix evenly to obtain it.

[0038] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned reagent in the control of leaf mites, and the application is for the control of leaf mites on crops suffering from leaf mite damage; especially suitable for crops suffering from Tetranychus urticae damage.

[0039] It can be applied to the control of leaf mites on vegetables (such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, beans, pumpkins, etc.), fruit trees (such as apples, pears, peaches, grapes, oranges, etc.), cash crops (such as cotton, soybeans, corn, peanuts, etc.), ornamental plants (such as roses, chrysanthemums, Chinese roses, poinsettias, etc.) and other fruit crops (such as strawberries, watermelons, melons, etc.), especially the control of Tetranychus urticae.

[0040] The method for controlling leaf mites with the above-mentioned reagent of the present invention is as follows: Spray the reagent on the surface of the plant attached with leaf mites / eggs, which is applicable to various stages from egg development to adult mites.

[0041] The spraying is carried out by using a pressure spraying device such as a pressure sprayer or a pressure spray bottle, so that the liquid medicine evenly drops on the surface of the leaf mites / eggs (to prevent physical damage).

[0042] Preferably, the spraying distance is 20 - 40 cm, preferably 30 cm.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: The present invention adds an ecological film and carvacrol to water. By screening the optimal compound combination of the ecological film and carvacrol, as well as the action mode, it deeply explores the action mechanism and prevention and control level of the two when used in combination against spider mites, improves the application effect of biological and green prevention and control technologies in the field of spider mite prevention and control, broadens the application scope of the compound ecological film and carvacrol in the field of agricultural pest control, and injects new vitality into the green and sustainable development of agriculture.

[0044] Compared with traditional chemical pesticides, the compound ecological film and carvacrol of the present invention have significant advantages. They have relatively low pollution to the environment and are not prone to pesticide residue problems, highly meeting the development needs of modern green agriculture, not bringing too much burden to the ecological environment, and being conducive to maintaining ecological balance. Given that spider mites have developed resistance and cross-resistance to a variety of acaricides, and the compound ecological film and carvacrol can effectively solve this problem, opening up a new and effective way for the prevention and control of spider mites and successfully breaking the prevention and control dilemma caused by resistance.

[0045] The compound preparation of ecological film and carvacrol has a wide application prospect and can be applied to a variety of crops damaged by spider mites, especially suitable for crops damaged by Tetranychus urticae. Taking apple cultivation as an example, this preparation can not only effectively prevent and control spider mites, but also help promote the growth of fruits and leaves, increase the soluble solid content of fruits, strongly promote the production of green fruits, and contribute to achieving the ecological environmental protection and product green safety goals of apple cultivation without bagging. It also has a wide application prospect in the cultivation of more fruits, vegetables, flowers and other cash crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 Survival curve of young Tetranychus urticae after treatment with the compound of ecological film and carvacrol in Example 1; Figure 2 Duration of each mite stage of Tetranychus urticae after treatment with the compound of ecological film and carvacrol in Example 1; Figure 3 Survival curve of adult female Tetranychus urticae after treatment with the compound of ecological film and carvacrol in Example 1; where: a, b, c, d represent mixture No. 1, mixture No. 2, mixture No. 3, and mixture No. 4 of the ecological film and carvacrol respectively, and the asterisk indicates that there is a significant difference in the average value between the control group and the treatment group (*, 0.01 < P≤ 0.05, **, 0.001 < P≤ 0.01, ***, P ≤ 0.001); Figure 4 Reproductive capacity of female adult two-spotted spider mites after treatment with the mixed ecological membrane and carvacrol in Example 1; where a, b, and c are the action modes of the ecological membrane and carvacrol on female adult two-spotted spider mites, namely the stomach poison group, the contact poison group, and the stomach poison + contact poison group; different lowercase letters (a, b, c) in the figure indicate significant differences within each group( P <0.050). Specific implementation manners

[0047] To more clearly elaborate the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present application, the following will be described in detail in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings are only for the present, and are not limitations on their implementation manners. The present application can be implemented in various forms, and its design concept and core technology are not limited by the embodiments shown in the drawings. The purpose of providing these embodiments is to more conveniently enable those skilled in the art to understand the principle, structure, and function of the present application, so as to better master and apply its technical solution. The terms used in this specification are only for describing specific embodiments and do not constitute a limitation on the present application.

[0048] Example 1: The materials and test devices selected in this example are as follows: (1) Test insect sources and plants In this example, the two-spotted spider mite is used as the control object, and the two-spotted spider mite is reared for multiple generations with indoor kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris Linn potted plants as hosts. This population has been reared in the laboratory without contacting any chemical agents for more than 10 years. All relevant tests are carried out in an artificial climate chamber at a temperature of 25±1°C, a relative humidity of 80±5%, and a photoperiod of 16L∶8D. The test spider mites selected are female adults of the same size, strong and lively, and mite eggs of the same size, plump, and semi-transparent just laid within 24 hours. The standard of the test kidney bean leaves is healthy, complete, and of the same size, and no agents are used during the cultivation process.

[0049] (2) Test materials The ecological membrane is a compound Huadian anti-stress ecological membrane produced by Beijing Huadian Technology Co., Ltd. (nano-molecular diaphragm, calcium carbonate content ≥ 5%, nano-iodine content ≥ 0.2%). Carvacrol is produced by Huazhi Hebei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (active ingredient and its content: carvacrol 5%, dosage form: aqueous solution). The artificial climate chamber is produced by Ningbo Southeast Instrument Co., Ltd., and the SZ650 continuous zoom stereomicroscope is produced by Chongqing Opto Electronic Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0050] (3) Test devices The device for observing Tetranychus urticae consists of three layers of plexiglass. The upper and lower layers are both rectangular plexiglass sheets with a length of 30 mm, a width of 20 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm. The middle layer is a plexiglass plate with a length of 30 mm, a width of 20 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm, and a round hole with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 3 mm is drilled in the exact center. A square kidney bean leaf with a side length of 20 mm is placed between the middle and lower layers of plexiglass, ensuring that the kidney bean leaf can completely cover the plexiglass round hole, while avoiding the glass pressing on the main vein of the leaf, which may cause gaps in the seal and allow Tetranychus urticae to escape. The three layers of glass are clamped together with a dovetail clip and placed on the sponge in an enamel square basin. The sponge is regularly watered to maintain a relative humidity of 100% and keep the leaves fresh.

[0051] The test method adopted in this embodiment is as follows: (1)Effects of the mixed ecological film and carvacrol on the development and lifespan of young Tetranychus urticae The ecological film and carvacrol were diluted and mixed with pure water to form four mixed agents, namely mixed agent No. 1 (ecological film 5 g / L and carvacrol 41.67 mg / L), mixed agent No. 2 (ecological film 5 g / L and carvacrol 25 mg / L), mixed agent No. 3 (ecological film 2.5 g / L and carvacrol 41.67 mg / L), and mixed agent No. 4 (ecological film 2.5 g / L and carvacrol 25 mg / L). There were 2 control groups: the eggs, chambers, and kidney bean leaves were all treated with pure water, and a blank control without spraying any liquid.

[0052] Adult female Tetranychus urticae cultured indoors were picked up with a moistened No. 0 writing brush and placed in separate chambers. After they laid eggs, the eggs laid within 12 h were collected respectively. Then, under a stereomicroscope, the eggs were transferred to new chambers, with 1 egg in each chamber, 50 eggs in each treatment group, and a total of 200 eggs. In the treatment groups, a 50 mL pressure spray bottle was used to spray 1 mL of ecological film solution with different concentrations directly above the chambers with eggs at a height of 30 cm, so that the liquid medicine evenly dripped on the surface of the Tetranychus urticae eggs (to prevent physical damage to them); in the control groups, the same amount of pure water was sprayed under the same conditions. After spraying, the eggs were placed in an intelligent artificial climate chamber, and microscopic examination was carried out every 12 h to observe and record the development, survival, and hatching of the eggs in each group.

[0053] (2)Effects of the mixed ecological film and carvacrol on the fecundity and survival of adult Tetranychus urticae Use a No. 0 writing brush to pick up female adult two-spotted spider mites into the small chambers. Dilute and mix ecological membrane and carvacrol with pure water to form four mixed agents, namely Mixed Agent No. 1 (ecological membrane 5 g / L and carvacrol 41.67 mg / L), Mixed Agent No. 2 (ecological membrane 5 g / L and carvacrol 25 mg / L), Mixed Agent No. 3 (ecological membrane 2.5 g / L and carvacrol 41.67 mg / L), and Mixed Agent No. 4 (ecological membrane 2.5 g / L and carvacrol 25 mg / L). All are sprayed using a pressure spray bottle, and 1 mL is sprayed into each small chamber.

[0054] Use three different treatment methods, namely the stomach toxicity group: spray the small chambers and kidney bean leaves with the recommended concentration of ecological membrane solution respectively, and do not perform any treatment on the two-spotted spider mites; the contact toxicity group: spray the ecological membrane solution only on the two-spotted spider mites, while do not perform any treatment on the small chambers and kidney bean leaves; the stomach toxicity and contact toxicity group: spray the ecological membrane solution on the two-spotted spider mites, small chambers and kidney bean leaves. Set 1 control group: pure water treatment. There is 1 female adult two-spotted spider mite in each small chamber, 40 in each treatment group, and a total of 160. Observe daily under a stereomicroscope, gently touch the mite body with a No. 0 writing brush. If the mite legs do not move, it is recorded as dead, and record the number of dead and the egg production in each group.

[0055] The data in this example are analyzed by the following methods: The experimental data are processed using Microsoft Excel software, and the statistical analysis is completed with the help of SPSS 27.0 software. Use Graph Pad Prism 9.50 software for drawing operations. Compare the survival of the compound ecological membrane and carvacrol at different concentrations through the Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Use the independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney test to compare the development time, fecundity and lifespan of the two-spotted spider mites. For the differences in the oviposition period and fecundity of the two-spotted spider mites under different treatments, first select one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test according to the results of the data normality test, and then use the generalized linear mixed model to analyze the effects of the ecological membrane concentration, different action mechanisms and their interactions on the two-spotted spider mites.

[0056] Through measurement and analysis, the results of this example are as follows: (1) Effects of the mixture of ecological membrane and carvacrol on the development and lifespan of young two-spotted spider mites The mixed formula of ecological membrane and carvacrol has an effect on the lifespan of young two-spotted spider mites ( Figure 1 ). The hatched eggs of two-spotted spider mites can develop smoothly to the larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult stages, but with different concentration treatments, the survival rate of spider mites is significantly different from that of the control ( P= 0.025). On the 10th day, the survival rates of young Tetranychus urticae after spraying the mixture of ecological film and carvacrol No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, pure water control, and blank control were 52%, 64%, 63.265%, 76%, 76%, and 79.167% respectively. Generally speaking, the mixture of ecological film and carvacrol had a very obvious impact on the survival rate of young Tetranychus urticae.

[0057] The mixture of ecological film and carvacrol had no significant effect on the developmental duration of each mite stage of Tetranychus urticae. The time required from egg to adult was 12 - 13 days ( Figure 2 ). After the eggs of Tetranychus urticae were sprayed with the mixture of ecological film and carvacrol, the first nymph stage ( χ ² (5) = 3.853, P = 0.571), the second nymph stage ( χ ² (5) = 11.561, P = 0.401, and the developmental duration ( χ ² (5) = 3.025, P = 0.696) showed no significant differences compared with the control. This indicated that the mixture of ecological film and carvacrol had no obvious effect on the developmental duration of each mite stage of Tetranychus urticae and would not cause significant changes in the duration required for each developmental stage. Among them, there were significant differences in the egg stage development time after spraying with the mixture No. 2 (4 days) and No. 4 (5 days) of ecological film and carvacrol ( P <0.001), and there were significant differences in the egg stage development time after spraying with the mixture No. 3 (4 days) and No. 4 (5 days) of ecological film and carvacrol ( P = 0.007); there were significant differences in the nymph stage development time after spraying with the mixture No. 2 (2.5 days) and blank control (3 days) of ecological film and carvacrol ( P <0.001). This showed that the active ingredients in the mixture might have different action modes and effects at different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae. Although the overall impact was not obvious, the existence of these special differences provided key clues for further studying the action mechanism of the mixture of ecological film and carvacrol on Tetranychus urticae.

[0058] (2) Effects of the mixture of ecological film and carvacrol on the fecundity and survival of female adult Tetranychus urticae The way of using the mixture of ecological film and carvacrol on Tetranychus urticae would greatly affect the total lifespan of Tetranychus urticae ( χ ² (2) = 20.867, P <0.001), and the survival rate decrease in the stomach poison and contact group was particularly significant ( Figure 3). Under the stomach poisoning and contact killing modes of action, the survival rates of Tetranychus urticae decreased sharply to 35%, 57.5%, 52.5%, and 85% respectively on the third day when treated with the mixture of ecological membrane and carvacrol No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4, far lower than those of the control group. The survival rates of Tetranychus urticae on the third day in the pure water control and blank control were 97.5% and 95% respectively. When using the mixture of ecological membrane and carvacrol No. 1, the differences in the survival rates among the treatment groups of Tetranychus urticae were extremely significant ( χ ² (4) =46.84, P＜ 0.0001). The survival rates of the stomach poisoning group, contact killing group, stomach poisoning and contact killing group, pure water control, and blank control on the seventh day were 32.5%, 15%, 15%, 65%, and 67.5% respectively ( Figure 3 a in); when spraying the mixture of ecological membrane and carvacrol No. 2, the differences in the survival rates of Tetranychus urticae among the treatment groups were extremely significant ( χ ² (4) =50.19, P＜ 0.0001). The survival rates of Tetranychus urticae in the stomach poisoning group, contact killing group, and stomach poisoning and contact killing group on the seventh day were 42.5%, 12.5%, and 17.5% respectively ( Figure 3 b in); after using the mixture of ecological membrane and carvacrol No. 3, the differences in the survival rates of Tetranychus urticae among the treatment groups were extremely significant ( χ ² (4) =41.96, P＜ 0.0001). The survival rates of Tetranychus urticae in the stomach poisoning group, contact killing group, and stomach poisoning and contact killing group on the seventh day were 50%, 22.5%, and 15% respectively ( Figure 3 c in); after using the mixture of ecological membrane and carvacrol No. 3, the differences in the survival rates of Tetranychus urticae among the treatment groups were significant ( χ ² (4) =20.85, P =0.0003). The survival rates of Tetranychus urticae in the stomach poisoning group, contact killing group, and stomach poisoning and contact killing group on the seventh day were 27.5%, 30%, and 27.5% respectively ( Figure 3 d in). From the survival situation of Tetranychus urticae under different treatment modes of the mixtures, the combined action of stomach poisoning and contact killing can often more significantly reduce the survival rate of Tetranychus urticae compared with the single stomach poisoning or contact killing action.

[0059] Under the action of mixtures with different concentrations, the total lifespan of female adult Tetranychus urticae decreased significantly ( χ ² (5) =121.458, P =0.000). At the same time, under different modes of action, different concentrations also reduced the survival rate of female adult Tetranychus urticae ( Figure 3, Table 1). There was a significant interaction between concentration and mode of action on the total lifespan of Tetranychus urticae, indicating a second-order interaction effect between the two ( χ ² (10) =24.197, P =0.006, Table 1), jointly and significantly affecting the total lifespan of Tetranychus urticae.

[0060] Due to different action mechanisms, the ecological film led to differences in the total number of eggs laid per female of Tetranychus urticae ( χ ² (2) =12.848, P =0.002, Figure 4 , Table 1). For example, under the treatments of each mixture of ecological film and carvacrol, the total number of eggs laid by Tetranychus urticae was lower than that of the pure water (10.4 eggs) control group, indicating that stomach toxicity could inhibit the egg-laying of Tetranychus urticae. Among them, the total number of eggs laid by mixture No. 4 was the lowest (3.6 eggs, P =0.009), and the inhibitory effect was the most obvious; there was a difference in the total number of eggs laid between mixture No. 1 (8.2 eggs) and mixture No. 4. In stomach toxicity, there were significant differences in the egg-laying amounts among the spraying of mixture No. 1 of ecological film and carvacrol, pure water control, and blank control ( P =0.012). In contact toxicity, the total number of eggs laid by mixture No. 1 of ecological film and carvacrol (6 eggs) was lower than that of the pure water control group (10.4 eggs, P =0.016), indicating that mixture No. 1 had a relatively strong inhibitory effect on egg-laying. In the combined action of stomach toxicity and contact toxicity, the total number of eggs laid by Tetranychus urticae under the treatments of each mixture of ecological film and carvacrol was significantly lower than that of the control group, and was generally lower than that of single stomach toxicity or contact toxicity, indicating that the combined action of stomach toxicity and contact toxicity had the strongest inhibitory effect on the egg-laying of Tetranychus urticae ( χ ² (5) =61.806, P <0.001, Figure 4 in c) of it, where the total number of eggs laid by Tetranychus urticae of mixture No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 was 2.4, 3.8, 4.1, and 5 eggs in turn. After spraying different mixtures of ecological film and carvacrol on adult female mites of Tetranychus urticae, it was found by comparison that there were extremely significant differences in the fecundity of adult female mites in each experimental group compared with the control group ( χ ² (5) =71.331, P <0.0001, Figure 4 , Table 1), indicating that the mixing concentration of ecological film and carvacrol had a certain impact on the fecundity of Tetranychus urticae. The interaction between concentration and mode of action of the ecological film on the fecundity of Tetranychus urticae was significant, indicating a second-order interaction effect between the two ( χ ² (10) =23.230, P =0.010, Table 1).

[0061] Table 1 Effects of concentration and mode of action on fecundity and lifespan of adult female Tetranychus urticae under the treatment of mixed ecological film and carvacrol

[0062] Note: 'C' represents concentration, and 'T' represents mode of action.

[0063] This example studied the effects of the mixed ecological film and carvacrol on Tetranychus urticae. The results showed that the mixed ecological film and carvacrol could act on Tetranychus urticae through various ways.

[0064] Specifically, the mixed ecological film and carvacrol had a significant effect on the survival rate of young Tetranychus urticae. On the 10th day of the experiment, the survival rate of young Tetranychus urticae treated with different mixtures was significantly lower than that of the control group. However, their overall effect on the developmental duration of each mite stage was not significant. The time from egg to adult mostly concentrated on 12 - 13 days. In terms of adult female Tetranychus urticae, the mode of action had a great impact on its total lifespan. The combined action of stomach poisoning and contact killing could not only significantly reduce the survival rate of adult female mites, but also effectively inhibit its fecundity and reduce the total egg production, thus playing a powerful role in controlling the growth of the Tetranychus urticae population; different concentrations of the mixed ecological film and carvacrol had a significant impact on the total lifespan and survival rate of adult female Tetranychus urticae, and there was a second-order interaction effect between concentration and mode of action. Under the treatment of each mixture, the total egg production of Tetranychus urticae was lower than that of the control group. Among them, the combined action of stomach poisoning and contact killing had the most prominent effect on inhibiting egg laying. At the same time, the mixture concentration also had a significant impact on the fecundity of Tetranychus urticae, and there was also a second-order interaction effect between concentration and mode of action in terms of affecting fecundity. The preferred concentrations were: ecological film 5 g / L, carvacrol 41.67 mg / L; ecological film 5 g / L, carvacrol 25 mg / L; ecological film 2.5 g / L, carvacrol 41.67 mg / L; ecological film 2.5 g / L and carvacrol 25 mg / L.

[0065] In summary, the present invention fully shows that the mixed ecological film and carvacrol have great potential in controlling the population of Tetranychus urticae. By reducing the survival rate of young mites and inhibiting the fecundity of adult female mites, it can effectively slow down the growth rate of the Tetranychus urticae population. Especially the combined action of stomach poisoning and contact killing has a particularly significant effect on reducing the survival rate and inhibiting egg laying, providing a solid basis for the development of new biological control means. When using stomach poisoning or contact killing alone, the prevention and control effect is relatively limited. However, under the synergistic action of stomach poisoning and contact killing, Tetranychus urticae first ingests the active ingredient and then is affected by the contact killing effect, which greatly increases the penetration ability of the cell inhibitory effect of calcium carbonate in the ecological film, and may cause mutations in Tetranychus urticae, thus significantly enhancing the prevention and control effect at a specific concentration, such as effectively inhibiting fecundity and increasing mortality.

[0066] In summary, on the one hand, the formulation of the mixed ecological film and carvacrol can be further optimized to improve the utilization rate of the active ingredient of carvacrol, thereby enhancing the control effect. At the same time, the usage method can be optimized, such as precisely regulating the concentration and action mode, and formulating a more scientific and reasonable control plan according to different mite stages and control objectives, so as to improve the control efficiency and economic benefits. On the other hand, the research on the compounding with other biological control means or low-toxic chemical pesticides can be carried out to construct an integrated control system. Through the coordinated cooperation of various control means, give full play to their respective advantages and make up for the deficiencies of single means, and finally achieve the sustainable control of Tetranychus urticae, providing a strong guarantee for the stability and sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0067] Finally, we need to emphasize that the embodiments provided here are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An agent for controlling spider mites, characterized in that: Includes biofilm, carvacrol and water.

2. The reagent according to claim 1, characterized in that The ecological film has a calcium carbonate content of ≥5% and a nano-iodine content of ≥0.2%.

3. The reagent according to claim 2, characterized in that The ecological membrane is a nano-molecular membrane, preferably a synthetic polymer ecological membrane, and further preferably a compound Huaiodine anti-stress ecological membrane.

4. The reagent according to claim 1, characterized in that The added amount of the ecological film is 2-8 g / L, and the added amount of carvacrol is 20-50 mg / L; preferably, the added amount of the ecological film is 2-6 g / L, and the added amount of carvacrol is 20-45 mg / L; further preferred added amounts are: 5 g / L ecological film, 41-42 mg / L carvacrol; 5 g / L ecological film, 25 mg / L carvacrol; 2.5 g / L ecological film, 41-42 mg / L carvacrol; 2.5 g / L ecological film and 25 mg / L carvacrol.

5. The reagent according to claim 1, characterized in that The spider mite is the two-spotted spider mite.

6. The method for preparing the reagent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Add ecological film and carvacrol into water and mix well to obtain the product.

7. Use of the agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the prevention and control of spider mites, preferably, the spider mite is Tetranychus urticae.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method should be used for the prevention and control of spider mites on crops that are harmed by spider mites; the crops are vegetables (such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, beans, pumpkins, etc.), fruit trees (such as apples, pears, peaches, grapes, citrus, etc.), cash crops (such as cotton, soybeans, corn, peanuts, etc.), ornamental plants (such as roses, chrysanthemums, roses, poinsettias, etc.) or other melon and fruit crops (such as strawberries, watermelons, melons, etc.).

9. A method for controlling spider mites, characterized in that: The agent according to any one of claims 1-5 is sprayed on the surface of the object to be controlled for the control of spider mites; specifically, it is sprayed on the surface of plants with spider mites / eggs attached, and the spraying time is during the prevention period, or at various stages of the spider mite development from eggs to adult mites.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The spraying is carried out using a pressure spray device, such as a pressure sprayer or a pressure spray bottle, and the spraying distance is 20-40 cm, preferably 30 cm.

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