Freeze-dried pet food and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a freeze-dried pet food and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of pet food production, and the freeze-dried pet food comprises the following raw materials by weight: 50-70 parts of fresh meat, 10-15 parts of viscera, 10-15 parts of meat with bones, 1-3 parts of plasma protein powder, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of cellulose, 0.2-0.5 part of calcium carbonate, 0.05-0.1 part of compound trace elements, and 0.05-0.1 part of compound vitamins. 0.5 to 1 part of a compound enzyme preparation, 0.5 to 1 part of prebiotics and 0.1 to 0.5 part of rosemary; the preparation method has the beneficial effects that fresh meat and meat with internal organs and bones are taken as main raw materials, and the raw materials are subjected to the processes of pre-cooking and concentrating, limited enzymolysis treatment, mixing and shaping, quick freezing by a single freezing machine, vacuum freeze-drying and the like, so that the freeze-drying energy consumption is reduced, and the crispy texture of a freeze-dried food is ensured; the pet food is convenient for pets to eat, and also has the characteristics of easy digestion and absorption and low energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pet food production, and particularly to a freeze-dried pet food and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing global emphasis on sustainable development and environmental protection, the low-energy freeze-drying technology has attracted increasing attention due to its significant advantages in the food processing field. The freeze-drying technology, that is, the freeze-drying technology, is a method of dehydrating food by directly sublimating moisture from the ice crystal state into water vapor. This method can maximize the retention of the color, aroma, taste and nutritional components of food without destroying the original structure and nutritional components of the food, and at the same time significantly extend the shelf life of the food, enabling it to be stored for a long time without adding preservatives.

[0003] However, traditional freeze-drying technology has some limitations in practical applications. The most prominent problem lies in its high energy consumption and high cost, which not only increases the operating costs of enterprises but also runs counter to the current global trend of energy conservation and emission reduction. In addition, the traditional freeze-drying technology has poor energy efficiency, resulting in waste of energy and an increase in the environmental burden.

[0004] Most pet foods on the market are processed with frozen meat. After long-term storage of the meat source, the quality deteriorates and the risk of microbial over-standard increases. There is no effective sterilization means during the freeze-drying production process, resulting in certain potential safety hazards in the products.

[0005] The raw materials of freeze-dried pet foods are mainly livestock and poultry meat and their by-products, which are high in protein and fat, have a high nutritional density, good palatability and excellent quality, but bring a certain digestive burden to pets. Some manufacturers will solve this problem by adding digestive enzymes or selling digestive enzymes for consumers to add by themselves. However, whether digestive enzymes are added to the product or used in combination with digestive enzymes, these two methods do not achieve the purpose of helping pets digest because the digestive enzymes do not have sufficient time and temperature to play their roles. When many pets eat freeze-dried foods, they still have digestive problems such as vomiting and loose stools. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a freeze-dried pet food and a preparation method thereof in order to solve the above problems.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A freeze-dried pet food, whose raw material ratios are as follows by weight: 50-70 parts of fresh meat, 10-15 parts of viscera, 10-15 parts of bone-in meat, 1-3 parts of plasma protein powder, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of cellulose, 0.2-0.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.05-0.1 parts of complex trace elements, 0.05-0.1 parts of complex vitamins, 0.5-1 parts of complex enzyme preparations, 0.5-1 parts of prebiotics, and 0.1-0.5 parts of rosemary.

[0009] Preferably, the fresh meat, the viscera and the bone-in meat are all derived from one or more meat sources such as chicken, duck, cattle, sheep, rabbit, fish, deer, ostrich, pigeon and the like.

[0010] Preferably, the complex enzyme preparation is one or more of trypsin, pepsin, amylase, lipase and cellulase.

[0011] A method for preparing freeze-dried pet food comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step S1: Grind fresh meat, viscera and bone-in meat into meat paste using a 0.5 hole plate meat grinder for later use;

[0013] Step S2: the meat paste obtained in step S1 is put into a reaction kettle in proportion, and the temperature is raised to 80°C-90°C and maintained for 2-2.5 hours to concentrate and reduce the moisture in the raw material;

[0014] Step S3: Cooling the concentrated material in step S2 to 40°C;

[0015] Step S4: adding the composite enzyme preparation to the raw material after cooling in step S3, and performing enzymolysis for 0.5-1 hour, so that the raw material is partially enzymolyzed and the composite enzyme and the raw material are fully mixed;

[0016] Step S5: transport the material of step S4 to a stirring pot, add plasma protein powder, fish oil, cellulose, calcium carbonate, complex trace elements, complex vitamins, prebiotics, and rosemary, and stir evenly;

[0017] Step S6: pouring the mixed material in step S5 into a rolling forming machine for granulation;

[0018] Step S7: the material obtained in step S6 is passed through a quick freezing line and quick-frozen into shape within 10-20 minutes;

[0019] Step S8: The frozen and shaped material in step S7 is placed on a plate and freeze-dried in a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain low-energy freeze-dried pet food.

[0020] Preferably: the freeze-drying parameters of the vacuum freeze dryer in step 8 are: the heating plate temperature is 40-80° C., and the freeze-drying time is 900-1140 minutes.

[0021] Preferably, the freeze-drying parameters of the freeze-dryer in step 8 are as follows: the temperature of the heating plate is 40-75°C, and the freeze-drying time is 1020-1140 minutes.

[0022] Preferably, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature in step 4 is between 37°C and 42°C.

[0023] Preferably, the shapes of the products formed by the rolling forming machine include circular, triangular, semi-circular, annular, and crescent-shaped, and the length and width dimensions of the products are 0.5-3 cm.

[0024] A palatability test method for freeze-dried pet food includes the following specific steps:

[0025] Step S1: Sample preparation: Number the freeze-dried pet food samples and commercially available freeze-dried pet food, and randomly distribute them to each group of cats.

[0026] Step S2: Initial preference test: In a controlled environment, let each group of cats contact the freeze-dried pet food samples assigned to them, and record the time when each cat makes its first choice and starts eating.

[0027] Step S3: Food consumption record: Observe and record the food consumption of each cat for its respective sample within 2 hours.

[0028] Step S4: Repeat test: Conduct the same test once a day for 7 consecutive days to evaluate the long-term palatability of the food for cats.

[0029] Step S5: Health monitoring: Monitor the health status of the cats throughout the test period, including body weight, mental state, and fecal conditions, to ensure the safety of the test.

[0030] Step S6: Data collection: Collect and organize the data on the food preferences and consumption amounts of all cats for each sample.

[0031] Step S7: Data analysis: Use statistical software to analyze the data on the food consumption amounts and preference selections of cats for each sample; calculate the average food consumption amount and preference index of each group of cats for their respective samples; compare the palatability differences between different samples through analysis of variance (ANOVA).

[0032] Step S8: Draw conclusions: Based on the experimental data, obtain the following palatability rankings.

[0033] A digestibility test method for freeze-dried pet food includes the following specific steps:

[0034] Step S1: Adaptation period: All cats first undergo a 1-week adaptation period, during which they are fed a unified control diet to stabilize their digestive function and body weight.

[0035] Step S2: Initial body weight recording: Before the experiment starts, record the initial body weight of each cat.

[0036] Feeding period: Each group of cats is fed the corresponding freeze-dried pet food of the embodiment or the commercial product for 4 weeks, with a fixed amount at a fixed time every day.

[0037] Step S3: Feces collection and scoring: Collect the feces of the cats every day, record the texture and frequency of the feces, and conduct scoring (1 - 5 points, 1 point is the worst, 5 points is the best).

[0038] Step S4: Body weight monitoring: Record the body weight of the cats once a week to monitor the body weight change.

[0039] Step S5: Digestibility calculation: Calculate the digestibility through the food intake and the feces output.

[0040] Step S6: Data collection: Collect the feces scoring, body weight gain, and digestibility data of each group of cats.

[0041] Step S7: Data analysis: Use statistical software to analyze the feces scoring, body weight gain, and digestibility data of the cats; calculate the average feces scoring, body weight gain, and digestibility of each group of cats; compare the differences between different samples through analysis of variance (ANOVA).

[0042] Step S8: Draw conclusions: Based on the experimental data, obtain the corresponding digestibility from the feces scoring and body weight gain.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0044] 1. Energy efficiency and cost control

[0045] The present invention pre-treats the fresh meat raw materials by adopting a high-temperature concentration technology at the initial stage of the production process, effectively reducing the moisture content in the raw materials, and evaporating approximately 20% of the moisture. This step significantly reduces the energy consumption in the subsequent freeze-drying process because reducing the moisture means reducing the amount of moisture that needs to be removed during the freeze-drying process. This energy saving not only reduces the production cost but also reduces the impact on the environment, achieving the dual advantages of environmental protection and economic benefits.

[0046] 2. Food safety and hygiene guarantee

[0047] While undergoing high-temperature concentration treatment, the present invention ingeniously combines a sterilization step. By utilizing the high-temperature environment to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, the risk of microorganisms in the raw materials is effectively reduced. This dual process not only extends the shelf life of the raw materials, reduces the risk of spoilage and contamination, but also provides a cleaner and safer starting point for the subsequent freeze-drying process. By precisely controlling the time and temperature of the high-temperature treatment, the present invention achieves deep sterilization of the raw materials without damaging their nutritional components, ensuring that the microbial risk during the production of pet food is minimized.

[0048] 3. Nutritional Retention and Palatability Optimization

[0049] While reducing the moisture content, the present invention maintains the freshness and nutritional components of the meat through precise process control, providing high-quality raw materials for the manufacture of high-quality freeze-dried pet food. In addition, by controlling the mixing and reaction time of digestive enzymes with the raw materials, the present invention ensures the full effect of digestive enzymes while avoiding over-enzymolysis and maintaining the palatability of the product. This optimized enzymolysis process not only improves the nutritional value of pet food but also ensures the acceptance and preference of pets for the food.

[0050] 4. Enzyme Activity Protection and Promotion of Pet Digestion and Absorption

[0051] To maintain the activity of digestive enzymes, the present invention specifically designs subsequent rapid freezing and freeze-drying processes. After the digestive enzymes are mixed with the raw materials and react for a certain time, the mixture is quickly cooled to a low temperature state to slow down the loss of enzyme activity. Subsequently, the moisture in the mixture is removed through freeze-drying technology to further protect the enzyme activity. This rapid freezing and freeze-drying process not only helps to maintain the biological activity of digestive enzymes but also can quickly release the enzymes after pets consume the food, accelerating the digestion and absorption of food by pets and improving the health and well-being of pets.

[0052] In summary, through a series of innovative process steps, the present invention achieves energy consumption reduction, efficiency improvement, enhanced food safety, increased nutritional value, and optimized pet digestion and absorption efficiency during the production of pet food, providing a new technical solution for the pet food industry. Detailed Embodiments

[0053] The following further illustrates the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] A freeze-dried pet food, by weight, its raw material ratio is as follows: 66 parts of fresh chicken, 15 parts of chicken liver, 10 parts of chicken neck, 3 parts of plasma protein powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of cellulose, 0.9 part of a compound enzyme preparation (a compound preparation of trypsin (100,000 U / g), pepsin (100,000 U / g), amylase (100,000 U / g), lipase (100,000 U / g), cellulase (100,000 U / g), and the ratio of trypsin:pepsin:lipase:amylase:cellulase = 3:3:2:1:1), 0.5 part of prebiotic, 0.3 part of calcium carbonate, 0.1 part of compound trace elements, 0.1 part of compound vitamins, and 0.1 part of rosemary.

[0056] The formula design of this freeze-dried pet food takes into account nutritional balance, optimized digestion and absorption, and function enhancement. The functions and synergistic relationships of each ingredient and enzyme preparation are as follows:

[0057] Functions of main ingredients:

[0058] Fresh chicken: As the core protein source, it provides high-quality animal protein and essential amino acids to meet the basic energy needs of pets;

[0059] Chicken liver: Rich in vitamin A, B vitamins, and iron, it can supplement the pet's need for fat-soluble vitamins and trace elements, and at the same time promote hemoglobin synthesis;

[0060] Chicken neck: Provides collagen and minerals to assist joint health;

[0061] Fish oil: Supplements Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA / EPA), has anti-inflammatory and beautifying and skin care effects, can improve the pet's skin health and reduce the risk of joint diseases;

[0062] Cellulose: Increases intestinal dietary fiber, promotes intestinal peristalsis, improves fecal form, and at the same time provides a fermentation substrate for probiotics;

[0063] Compound trace elements and vitamins: Balance the calcium-phosphorus ratio to prevent bone diseases; Compound vitamins (such as vitamin E, B vitamins) support antioxidant and metabolic functions;

[0064] Rosemary: A natural antioxidant, delays fat oxidation, extends the product shelf life, and may also assist in inhibiting the growth of oral bacteria.

[0065] Functions and synergy of enzyme preparations:

[0066] The compound enzyme preparation consists of trypsin, pepsin, amylase, lipase, and cellulase, and its functions are as follows:

[0067] Trypsin + pepsin: Synergistically decompose proteins (such as chicken, chicken liver), improve digestibility, and especially supplement the protease that the pet itself secretes insufficiently;

[0068] Amylase + Lipase: Decompose the residual starch in fresh chicken and the fat in fish oil, reduce the influence of anti-nutritional factors (such as phytic acid), and release more energy;

[0069] Cellulase: Cooperate with the cellulose in the formula to degrade the components of the plant cell wall, reduce intestinal viscosity, promote the fermentation of prebiotics to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and improve intestinal health;

[0070] Synergistic effect of ingredients and enzymes:

[0071] Synergy between animal protein and enzymes: The proteins in chicken and chicken liver need to be decomposed by proteases, while amylase and lipase can simultaneously release minerals (such as iron and zinc) bound to proteins, improving the overall absorption rate;

[0072] Synergy between cellulose and prebiotics: After cellulase decomposes cellulose, prebiotics (such as fructooligosaccharides) can further promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, forming a balance of the intestinal microecology;

[0073] Synergy between fish oil and antioxidant components: The antioxidant effect of rosemary can protect the unsaturated fatty acids in fish oil from oxidation and maintain its efficacy.

[0074] Summary

[0075] Through the design of "complementary animal proteins, enzymatic hydrolysis for enhanced efficiency, and synergistic functional components", this formula achieves a balance between comprehensive nutrition and optimized digestion and absorption. It should be noted that enzyme activity may be affected by the freeze-drying process (such as high-temperature pre-freezing). It is recommended to select heat-resistant enzyme preparations or optimize the freeze-drying parameters to ensure the effect.

[0076] A method for preparing freeze-dried pet food, comprising the following steps:

[0077] Step S1: Grind 66 parts of fresh chicken, 15 parts of chicken liver, and 10 parts of chicken neck through a 0.5-hole plate meat grinder into meat paste for later use;

[0078] Step S2: Put the meat paste obtained in Step S1 into a reaction kettle in proportion, heat up to 85°C and maintain for 2.5 hours to concentrate and reduce the moisture in the raw materials;

[0079] Step S3: Cool the material concentrated in Step S2 to 40°C;

[0080] Step S4: Add a compound enzyme preparation to the raw material cooled in Step S3 and enzymatically hydrolyze for 1 hour to partially enzymatically hydrolyze the raw material while fully mixing the compound enzyme with the raw material;

[0081] Step S5: Transfer the material obtained in Step S4 to a mixing pot, and add plasma protein powder, fish oil, cellulose, calcium carbonate, compound trace elements, compound vitamins, prebiotics, and rosemary and stir evenly;

[0082] Step S6: Pour the materials well-stirred in Step S5 into a rolling press machine for pellet forming. The shape is a round cake with a diameter of 0.5 cm.

[0083] Step S7: The materials obtained in Step S6 pass through a quick-freezing line for quick-freezing and forming in 15 minutes.

[0084] Step S8: Place the materials frozen and shaped in Step S7 on trays. The weight of the materials laid per square meter in the freeze-drying chamber is 15 kg, and they are freeze-dried by a vacuum freeze-dryer. The freeze-drying parameters are set as follows:

[0085] Maintain at 60°C for 60 minutes, 70°C for 270 minutes, 75°C for 240 minutes, 65°C for 320 minutes, and 40°C for 60 minutes.

[0086] Obtain low-energy-consumption freeze-dried pet food. The production capacity per square meter in the freeze-drying chamber is 5 kg. The moisture content of the detected product is 2.25%, the total number of colonies is 800 cfu / g, and Salmonella is not detected. The product is qualified.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] A kind of freeze-dried pet food, the selected raw materials and process are exactly the same as those in Example 1, and the only difference is the proportion of the compound enzyme preparation. The proportion of the compound enzyme preparation is: trypsin: pepsin: lipase: amylase: cellulase = 2.5:3:2.5:1:1.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] A kind of freeze-dried pet food, the selected raw materials and process are exactly the same as those in Example 1, and the only difference is that the addition proportion of the compound enzyme preparation is 0.5 parts.

[0091] Example 4

[0092] A kind of freeze-dried pet food, the selected raw materials and process are exactly the same as those in Example 1, and the only difference is that the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 0.5 hours.

[0093] Example 5

[0094] A kind of freeze-dried pet food, the selected raw materials and process are exactly the same as those in Example 1, and the only difference is that the enzyme types are two kinds, pepsin and lipase, and the proportion is: pepsin: lipase = 1:1.

[0095] Example 6

[0096] A freeze-dried pet food, whose raw material ratios are as follows by weight: 66 parts of fresh chicken, 15 parts of chicken liver, 10 parts of chicken neck, 3 parts of plasma protein powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of cellulose, 0.9 parts of compound enzyme preparation (trypsin (100,000 U / g), pepsin (100,000 U / g), amylase (100,000 U / g), lipase (100,000 U / g), cellulase (100,000 U / g), the ratio of trypsin: pepsin: lipase: amylase: cellulase = 3:3:2:1:1), 0.5 parts of prebiotics, 0.3 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.1 parts of compound trace elements, 0.1 parts of compound vitamins, and 0.1 parts of rosemary.

[0097] The preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0098] Step S1: Grind 66 portions of fresh chicken, 15 portions of chicken liver, and 10 portions of chicken neck through a 0.5 hole plate meat grinder into meat paste for later use;

[0099] Step S2: the meat paste obtained in step S1 is put into a reaction kettle in proportion, and the temperature is raised to 90° C. and maintained for 2 hours to concentrate and reduce the water content in the raw material;

[0100] Step S3: heating the concentrated material in step S2 to 40° C.

[0101] Step S4: adding the composite enzyme preparation to the raw material heated in step S3, and performing enzymolysis for 1 hour, so that the raw material is partially enzymolyzed and the composite enzyme and the raw material are fully mixed;

[0102] Step S5: transporting the material obtained in step S4 to a stirring pot, adding plasma protein powder, fish oil, cellulose, calcium carbonate, complex trace elements, complex vitamins, prebiotics, and rosemary, and stirring evenly;

[0103] Step S6: the material mixed in step S5 is poured into a rolling forming machine and pressed into a round cake with a diameter of 0.5 cm;

[0104] Step S7: the material obtained in step S6 is passed through a quick freezing line and quick-frozen into shape within 15 minutes;

[0105] Step S8: The frozen and shaped materials in step S7 are placed on a plate, the weight of the materials per square meter in the freeze-drying bin is 15 kg, and the materials are freeze-dried in a vacuum freeze dryer. The freeze-drying parameters are set as follows:

[0106] Keep at 60℃ for 60 minutes, 70℃ for 270 minutes, 75℃ for 240 minutes, 65℃ for 320 minutes, and 40℃ until the product is completely freeze-dried, which is 180 minutes;

[0107] A low - energy - consumption freeze - dried pet food is obtained. The production capacity per square meter of the freeze - drying chamber is 4.8 kg. The moisture content of the tested product is 2.75%, the total number of colonies is 1000 cfu / g, and Salmonella is not detected. The product is qualified.

[0108] Example 7

[0109] A freeze - dried pet food, by weight, its raw material ratio is as follows: 66 parts of fresh chicken, 15 parts of chicken liver, 10 parts of chicken necks, 3 parts of plasma protein powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of cellulose, 0.9 part of a compound enzyme preparation (a compound preparation of trypsin (100,000 U / g), pepsin (100,000 U / g), amylase (100,000 U / g), lipase (100,000 U / g), cellulase (100,000 U / g), and the ratio of trypsin: pepsin: lipase: amylase: cellulase = 3:3:2:1:1), 0.5 part of prebiotic, 0.3 part of calcium carbonate, 0.1 part of compound trace elements, 0.1 part of compound vitamins, 0.1 part of rosemary.

[0110] Its preparation method includes the following steps:

[0111] Step S1: Grind 66 parts of fresh chicken, 15 parts of chicken liver, and 10 parts of chicken necks through a 0.5 - hole - plate meat grinder into meat paste for later use;

[0112] Step S2: Put the meat paste obtained in Step S1 into a reaction kettle in proportion, heat it up to 80 °C and keep it for 2 hours to concentrate and reduce the moisture in the raw materials;

[0113] Step S3: Cool the material concentrated in Step S2 to 40 °C;

[0114] Step S4: Add the compound enzyme preparation to the raw material cooled in Step S3, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis for 1 hour to partially enzymatically hydrolyze the raw material and fully mix the compound enzyme with the raw material at the same time;

[0115] Step S5: Transport the material in Step S4 to a stirring pot, and add plasma protein powder, fish oil, cellulose, calcium carbonate, compound trace elements, compound vitamins, prebiotic, and rosemary and stir evenly;

[0116] Step S6: Pour the material stirred in Step S5 into a rolling - type granulator to granulate and form, and the shape is a round cake with a diameter of 0.5 cm;

[0117] Step S7: The material obtained in Step S6 passes through a quick - freezing line and is quickly frozen and formed in 15 minutes;

[0118] Step S8: Place the material frozen and shaped in Step S7 on trays. The laying weight per square meter in the freeze - drying chamber is 15 kg, and it is freeze - dried by a vacuum freeze - dryer. The freeze - drying parameters are set as follows:

[0119] Maintain at 60°C for 60 minutes, 70°C for 270 minutes, 75°C for 240 minutes, 65°C for 320 minutes, and 40°C until the product is completely freeze-dried, which takes 450 minutes;

[0120] Obtain low-energy consumption freeze-dried pet food. The production capacity per square meter of the freeze-drying chamber is 4 kg. The moisture content of the tested product is 2.75%, the total number of colonies is 360,000 cfu / g, and Salmonella is not detected, but the product's microorganisms exceed the standard.

[0121] Example 8

[0122] A kind of freeze-dried pet food, the selected raw materials and other processes are exactly the same as those in Example 1. The only difference is the selection of freeze-drying parameters: maintain at 60°C for 60 minutes, 70°C for 270 minutes, 75°C for 420 minutes, 65°C for 120 minutes, and 40°C for 60 minutes;

[0123] Obtain low-energy consumption freeze-dried pet food. The production capacity per square meter of the freeze-drying chamber is 5 kg. The moisture content of the tested product is 1.25%, the total number of colonies is 700 cfu / g, and Salmonella is not detected, and the product is qualified.

[0124] Example 9

[0125] A kind of freeze-dried pet food, the selected raw materials and other processes are exactly the same as those in Example 1. The only difference is the selection of freeze-drying parameters: maintain at 60°C for 60 minutes, 70°C for 270 minutes, 75°C for 180 minutes, 65°C for 180 minutes, and 40°C for 360 minutes;

[0126] Obtain low-energy consumption freeze-dried pet food. The production capacity per square meter of the freeze-drying chamber is 5.1 kg. The moisture content of the tested product is 4.25%, the total number of colonies is 700 cfu / g, and Salmonella is not detected, and the product is qualified.

[0127] Implementation Case 10

[0128] A kind of freeze-dried pet food, the types of selected raw materials and other processes are exactly the same as those in Implementation Case 1. The only difference is the proportion of the raw materials. By weight, its raw material ratio is: 70 parts of fresh chicken, 11 parts of chicken liver, 10 parts of chicken neck, 3 parts of plasma protein powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of cellulose, 0.9 part of compound enzyme preparation (a compound preparation of trypsin (100,000 U / g), pepsin (100,000 U / g), amylase (100,000 U / g), lipase (100,000 U / g), cellulase (100,000 U / g), and the ratio of trypsin:pepsin:lipase:amylase:cellulase = 3:3:2:1:1), 0.5 part of prebiotic, 0.3 part of calcium carbonate, 0.1 part of compound trace elements, 0.1 part of compound vitamins, and 0.1 part of rosemary.

[0129] Implementation Case 11

[0130] A freeze-dried pet food, the types of raw materials selected and other processes are exactly the same as those in Example 1, and the only difference is the proportion of the raw materials. By weight, its raw material ratio is: 62 parts of fresh chicken, 15 parts of chicken liver, 14 parts of chicken neck, 3 parts of plasma protein powder, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of cellulose, 0.9 part of compound enzyme preparation (trypsin (100,000 U / g), pepsin (100,000 U / g), amylase (100,000 U / g), lipase (100,000 U / g), cellulase (100,000 U / g) compound preparation, the ratio of trypsin: pepsin: lipase: amylase: cellulase = 3:3:2:1:1), 0.5 part of prebiotic, 0.3 part of calcium carbonate, 0.1 part of compound trace elements, 0.1 part of compound vitamins, 0.1 part of rosemary.

[0131] Analyze the freeze-drying energy consumption for the above examples

[0132]

[0133] According to the analysis, the energy utilization rate of Example 1 and Example 8 is the highest.

[0134] For the above examples, continue with the palatability experiment verification

[0135] Purpose of the experiment:

[0136] Evaluate the palatability of the freeze-dried pet food for cats in different examples, compare it with commercially available freeze-dried pet food, determine the palatability ranking of each example, and verify the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme.

[0137] Experimental subjects:

[0138] 96 healthy adult cats, randomly divided into 12 groups, 8 cats in each group, ensuring uniform distribution of gender, age and weight.

[0139] Experimental materials:

[0140] Freeze-dried pet food samples prepared in Examples 1 to 9. The samples in Example 7 were irradiated and sterilized due to excessive microorganisms and then used in the feeding experiment.

[0141] Commercially available freeze-dried pet food C, D, and E.

[0142] Experimental steps:

[0143] Sample preparation: Number the freeze-dried pet food samples in Examples 1 to 9 and commercially available freeze-dried pet food C, D, and E, and randomly assign them to each group of cats.

[0144] Initial preference test: In a controlled environment, let each group of cats contact the assigned freeze-dried pet food sample, and record the time when each cat makes its first choice and starts eating.

[0145] Food consumption record: Observe and record the amount of food each cat eats from its respective sample within 2 hours.

[0146] Repeated testing: Conduct the same test once a day for 7 consecutive days to evaluate the long-term palatability of the food for cats.

[0147] Health monitoring: Monitor the health status of the cats throughout the test period, including weight, mental state, and fecal conditions, to ensure the safety of the test.

[0148] Data collection: Collect and organize data on the eating preferences and consumption amounts of all cats for each sample.

[0149] Data analysis:

[0150] ① Use statistical software to analyze the average first-choice time and consumption amount data of cats for each sample.

[0151] ② Calculate the preference index of each group of cats for their respective samples according to the preference index calculation formula; the preference index calculation formula is:

[0152] Preference index = (40 - average first-choice time) × 0.05 + average consumption amount × 0.05;

[0153] First-choice time: The time when the cat first touches or selects the sample. The shorter the time, the stronger the preference;

[0154] Consumption amount: The amount of sample actually ingested by the cat. The larger the intake, the stronger the preference;

[0155] Preference index: A weighted score that combines time and intake. The higher the value, the higher the preference degree of the cat for the sample.

[0156] ③ Compare the palatability differences between different samples through analysis of variance (ANOVA).

[0157] Experimental result table:

[0158]

[0159] Conclusion and analysis:

[0160] Based on the experimental data, the following palatability rankings are obtained:

[0161] The palatability effect of Example 1 is the best, and the cats show the highest consumption amount and preference index.

[0162] Example 9, Example 6, Example 2, Example 8: The palatability is second, and the cats have a relatively high acceptance of these samples.

[0163] Examples 3, 4, and 5: The palatability decreases in sequence, and the food intake and preference index of cats for these samples gradually decrease.

[0164] Commercially available freeze-dried food E: Although it is worse than Example 1, it is better than other commercially available products C and D, and the palatability index is 3.8.

[0165] Commercially available freeze-dried foods C and D: The palatability is the worst, and the food intake and preference index of cats for the samples are the lowest.

[0166] These results indicate that the formula and process of Example 1 may be more in line with the taste and nutritional needs of cats. Although commercially available freeze-dried food E performs better among commercially available products, it is still inferior to most of the examples. This may be related to the different proportions of enzyme preparations, enzymolysis time, and freeze-drying parameters, which affect the flavor, taste, and nutritional components of the food, thus affecting the palatability of cats.

[0167] According to the above analysis, compared with Example 1, although the energy utilization rate of Example 8 is high, the gap in palatability is obvious, and the freeze-drying parameters of Example 1 are preferably selected.

[0168] Continue to verify the experimental scheme for the digestibility of pet food based on the above experimental cases

[0169] Experimental purpose:

[0170] Evaluate the digestibility of freeze-dried pet foods in different examples and compare them with commercially available pet foods.

[0171] Experimental subjects:

[0172] 72 healthy adult cats, randomly divided into 12 groups, with 6 cats in each group, ensuring uniform distribution of gender, age, and weight.

[0173] Experimental materials:

[0174] Freeze-dried pet food samples prepared in Examples 1 to 9. The samples of Example 7 with excessive microorganisms were irradiated and sterilized before the feeding experiment.

[0175] Commercially available freeze-dried pet foods F, G, and H.

[0176] Experimental steps:

[0177] Adaptation period: All cats first undergo a 1-week adaptation period, during which they are fed a unified control diet to stabilize their digestive function and weight.

[0178] Initial weight record: Before the start of the experiment, record the initial weight of each cat.

[0179] Feeding period: Each group of cats is fed the corresponding freeze-dried pet food of the example or commercially available product for 4 weeks, with a fixed amount and time every day.

[0180] Fecal collection and scoring: Collect the feces of the cats every day, record the texture and frequency of the feces, and score them (1 - 5 points, with 1 point being the worst and 5 points being the best).

[0181] Body weight monitoring: Record the body weight of the cats once a week and monitor the weight changes.

[0182] Digestibility calculation: Detect and analyze the corresponding digestibility (pepsin digestibility) through the apparent digestibility experiment of cat food protein. Data collection: Collect the fecal scores, weight gain, and digestibility data of each group of cats.

[0183] Data analysis: Use statistical software to analyze the fecal scores, weight gain, and digestibility data of the cats.

[0184] Calculate the average fecal score, weight gain, and digestibility of each group of cats.

[0185] Compare the differences between different samples through analysis of variance (ANOVA).

[0186] Experimental result table:

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] Conclusion and analysis:

[0190] Based on the experimental data, the following results are obtained:

[0191] By comparing the test results of Examples 2 - 5 with those of Example 1, the following trends can be observed:

[0192] Fecal score: The fecal score of Example 1 is the highest, at 4.8 points, while the fecal scores of Examples 2 - 5 gradually decrease. This indicates that the pet food in Example 1 performs best in promoting the digestive health of cats, and changing the proportion or type of the complex enzyme preparation may have a negative impact on fecal quality.

[0193] Weight gain: The cats in Example 1 have the most weight gain, at 250 g, while the weight gain in Examples 2 - 5 gradually decreases. Weight gain is an important indicator of the nutritional value and digestion and absorption efficiency of pet food. The formula in Example 1 may be more beneficial to the nutritional absorption and weight gain of cats.

[0194] Digestibility: The digestibility of Example 1 is the highest, reaching 90.5%, while the digestibility of Examples 2 - 5 gradually decreases. Digestibility is a key indicator for measuring the quality of pet food. A higher digestibility means that more nutrients are absorbed and utilized by the pet. The proportion of the complex enzyme preparation in Example 1 may be more beneficial to improving digestibility.

[0195] Conclusion:

[0196] The pet food of Example 1 is superior to Examples 2 - 5 in terms of fecal quality, weight gain, and digestibility. This may be because the proportion and types of the complex enzyme preparation in Example 1 are more suitable, which promotes the digestion and absorption of food by cats. Changing the proportion or types of the enzyme preparation may affect the digestive performance of the pet food, thereby affecting the health and nutritional status of the pet.

[0197] Comparing the experimental data of other groups, we can draw the conclusion that

[0198] Example 1: It has the highest digestibility, the highest fecal score, and the highest weight gain, indicating that the digestibility and nutritional value of its pet food are the best.

[0199] Examples 6, 8, and 9: Their digestibility, fecal score, and weight gain are the second highest, showing good performance.

[0200] Commercial group: The performance of the commercially available freeze - dried food H is better than that of Example 7, but lower than that of Examples 6, 8, and 9.

[0201] These results may be related to the differences in the proportion of the enzyme preparation, enzymolysis time, and freeze - drying parameters in each example. These factors affect the flavor, taste, and nutritional components of the food, thereby affecting the digestibility and health indicators of cats.

[0202] Combining the above experiments, it can be concluded that Example 1 performs very well in terms of palatability, safety, low energy consumption, and easy digestibility and absorption. It is a good solution to solve the problems of high microorganisms, high energy consumption, high cost, and difficult digestibility and absorption of current freeze - dried pet foods. Although there are certain gaps between other embodiments of the invention and Example 1, they are still better than most of the commercially available freeze - dried pet foods, and the invention has great application space.

[0203] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above - mentioned embodiments. What is described in the above - mentioned embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed.

Claims

1. A freeze-dried pet food, characterized in that: The raw material ratio by weight is: 50-70 parts of fresh meat, 10-15 parts of viscera, 10-15 parts of bone-in meat, 1-3 parts of plasma protein powder, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of cellulose, 0.2-0.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.05-0.1 parts of complex trace elements, 0.05-0.1 parts of complex vitamins, 0.5-1 parts of complex enzyme preparations, 0.5-1 parts of prebiotics, and 0.1-0.5 parts of rosemary.

2. The freeze-dried pet food according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh meat, the viscera, and the bone-in meat all come from one or more meat sources such as chicken, duck, cattle, sheep, rabbit, fish, deer, ostrich, pigeon, etc.

3. A freeze-dried pet food and a preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The complex enzyme preparation is one or more of trypsin, pepsin, amylase, lipase and cellulase.

4. A method for preparing freeze-dried pet food according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Grind fresh meat, viscera and bone-in meat into meat paste using a 0.5 hole plate meat grinder for later use; Step S2: the meat paste obtained in step S1 is put into a reaction kettle in proportion, and the temperature is raised to 80°C-90°C and maintained for 2-2.5 hours to concentrate and reduce the moisture in the raw material; Step S3: Cooling the concentrated material in step S2 to 40°C; Step S4: adding the composite enzyme preparation to the raw material after cooling in step S3, and performing enzymolysis for 0.5-1 hour, so that the raw material is partially enzymolyzed and the composite enzyme and the raw material are fully mixed; Step S5: transport the material of step S4 to a stirring pot, add plasma protein powder, fish oil, cellulose, calcium carbonate, complex trace elements, complex vitamins, prebiotics, and rosemary, and stir evenly; Step S6: pouring the mixed material in step S5 into a rolling forming machine for granulation; Step S7: the material obtained in step S6 is passed through a quick freezing line and quick-frozen into shape within 10-20 minutes; Step S8: The frozen and shaped material in step S7 is placed on a plate and freeze-dried in a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain low-energy freeze-dried pet food.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The freeze-drying parameters described in step 7 are: the heating plate temperature is 40-80° C., and the freeze-drying time is 900-1140 minutes.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The freeze-drying parameters described in step 7 are a heating plate temperature of 40-75° C. and a freeze-drying time of 1020-1140 minutes.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature in step 4 is between 37°C and 42°C.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shapes of products formed by the rolling forming machine include circular, triangular, semicircular, annular and crescent shapes, and the length and width of the products are 0.5-3 cm.

9. A palatability test method for freeze-dried pet food according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step S1: Sample preparation: freeze-dried pet food samples and commercially available freeze-dried pet food were numbered and randomly distributed to each group of cats; Step S2: Initial preference test: In a controlled environment, cats in each group were exposed to their assigned freeze-dried pet food samples, and the time when each cat first chose and started eating was recorded; Step S3: Food consumption recording: observe and record the amount of food consumed by each cat on each sample within 2 hours; Step S4: Repeat the test: Perform the same test once a day for 7 consecutive days to evaluate the long-term palatability of the food to the cats; Step S5: Health monitoring: During the entire test period, monitor the cat's health status, including weight, mental state, and feces to ensure the safety of the test; Step S6: Data collection: Collect and organize the food preference and consumption data of all cats for each sample; Step S7: Data analysis: using statistical software to analyze the cats' consumption and preference data for each sample; The average consumption and preference index of each group of cats for each sample were calculated; the differences in palatability between different samples were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA); Step S8: Draw a conclusion: Based on the experimental data, the following palatability ranking is obtained.

10. A digestibility test method for freeze-dried pet food according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step S1: Adaptation period: All cats first underwent a one-week adaptation period during which they were fed a uniform control feed to stabilize their digestive function and body weight; Step S2: Initial weight record: Before the experiment begins, the initial weight of each cat is recorded; Feeding period: each group of cats were fed with freeze-dried pet food of the corresponding embodiment or commercially available for 4 weeks, with a fixed amount every day; Step S3: Feces collection and scoring: collect cat feces every day, record the texture and frequency of feces, and score them (1-5 points, 1 point is the worst and 5 points is the best); Step S4: Weight monitoring: record the cat's weight once a week and monitor weight changes; Step S5: Digestibility calculation: Calculate digestibility based on food intake and feces output; Step S6: Data collection: collect fecal scores, weight gain, and digestibility data of each group of cats; Step S7: Data analysis: Analyze the fecal scores, weight gain, and digestibility data of the cats using statistical software; calculate the average fecal scores, weight gain, and digestibility of each group of cats; and compare the differences between different samples using analysis of variance (ANOVA); Step S8: Draw a conclusion: According to the experimental data, the corresponding digestibility is obtained from the stool score and weight gain.

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