Pressure vessel complex curved surface any-angle connecting pipe trepanning and lineation tool and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pressure vessel manufacturing, in particular to a pressure vessel complex curved surface any-angle connecting pipe trepanning and lineation tool and method. A tool body comprises the following components: an adsorption base comprises a lower base plate and an upper base plate which are hinged with each other, and an adsorption magnet mounted at the end corner position of the lower base plate; the angle adjusting mechanism comprises an angle adjusting screw rod and an adjusting hand wheel; the rotary positioning mechanism comprises a rotary vertical rod assembly in the middle of the upper base plate, a positioning laser projector installed at the bottom of the rotary vertical rod assembly and positioning ejector pins arranged on the two sides of the lower base plate. The scribing adjusting mechanism comprises a transverse adjusting rod assembly located at the top end of the rotary vertical rod assembly, and a scribing laser projector is installed at the tail end of the transverse adjusting rod assembly. By improving the tool body, the hole opening line can be quickly marked on the complex curved surface without being influenced by the size precision error of the complex curved surface, the time is greatly shortened, the operation is simple and convenient, and the marking efficiency is obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pressure vessel manufacturing, and particularly relates to a tooling and method for scribing and punching holes for nozzles at any angle on a complex curved surface of a pressure vessel. Background Art

[0002] During the manufacturing process of a pressure vessel, multiple nozzles need to be installed on the pressure vessel or the head for installing instruments, safety devices, or as material inlets and outlets, etc. Before installing the nozzles, processes such as scribing, cutting and punching holes, installation, and welding are required. Among them, the scribing process is particularly crucial and affects the subsequent installation accuracy. Scribing on a complex curved surface, such as a head or a cone, is affected by manufacturing precision errors. The scribing steps are complex and time-consuming, and it is easy to generate large errors, resulting in low efficiency. Taking the example of scribing and lofting the opening of an inclined nozzle on a conical cylinder section with a diameter of φ800mm, processes such as scribing and lofting unfolding take up to 4 hours, require 2 people to operate, and the cost is about 1000 yuan, including labor costs, equipment usage fees, and material consumption, etc. To solve these problems, technical personnel have made various attempts. Although there are patents such as CN118699181A proposing a device and method for punching holes for short pipes welded to a bottom plate, there are still limitations. For example, the cost of advanced equipment is high, the programming is complex, and the special simple tooling can only be applicable to the same specification or curved surface. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a tooling and method for scribing and punching holes for nozzles at any angle on a complex curved surface of a pressure vessel.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A marking tool for opening holes in nozzles at any angle on the complex curved surface of a pressure vessel, comprising a pressure vessel with a complex curved surface and a tool body adsorbed on the surface of the pressure vessel. The tool body is used to project a marking laser beam towards the pressure vessel to assist in opening holes in nozzles at any angle. The tool body includes the following components: an adsorption base, including a lower base plate and an upper base plate hinged to each other, and adsorption magnets installed at the end corners of the lower base plate; through the action of the adsorption magnets, the lower base plate is adsorbed on the pressure vessel; an angle adjustment mechanism, including an angle adjustment screw rod and an angle adjustment handwheel. The lower end of the angle adjustment screw rod is fixed to the front side edge of the lower base plate, and its upper end passes through the upper base plate and is equipped with an angle adjustment handwheel; by rotating the angle adjustment handwheel, the angle adjustment screw rod is driven to rotate, thereby adjusting the opening angle between the lower base plate and the upper base plate; a rotation positioning mechanism, including a rotation vertical rod assembly in the middle of the upper base plate, a positioning laser projector installed at the bottom of the rotation vertical rod assembly, and positioning thimbles arranged on both sides of the lower base plate; the positioning laser projector passes through a long circular hole in the center of the lower base plate from the upper base plate and projects a light beam onto the tool center line on the pressure vessel to achieve center positioning; the positioning thimbles are pushed out to align with the hole opening generatrix to ensure that the tool center line is parallel to the hole opening generatrix; a marking adjustment mechanism, including a transverse adjustment rod assembly at the top of the rotation vertical rod assembly. The transverse adjustment rod assembly and the rotation vertical rod assembly are provided with a transverse adjustment handwheel at the vertical connection; a marking laser projector is installed at the end of the transverse adjustment rod assembly, and the marking laser projector is arranged towards the pressure vessel.

[0005] This technical solution improves the tooling body, enabling a single person to operate it. It can quickly and accurately draw the opening line, improve efficiency, and is not affected by the dimensional accuracy error of complex curved surfaces. It can quickly draw the opening line on complex curved surfaces, is not affected by the dimensional accuracy error of complex curved surfaces, significantly shortens the time, is simple and convenient to operate, and significantly improves the scribing efficiency. It is applicable to the construction process of opening and scribing the nozzle on the complex curved surface of pressure vessels, can be widely used in the field of pressure vessel manufacturing, and improves labor efficiency. Specifically, the tooling body is firmly adsorbed on the complex curved surface of the pressure vessel through the adsorption magnet of the adsorption base, which not only ensures the stability of the tooling body during operation but also enables it to adapt to pressure vessels of different shapes and sizes. The selection of the adsorption magnet needs to consider factors such as the material, curvature, and working environment of the pressure vessel to ensure sufficient adsorption force. The angle adjustment mechanism drives the angle adjustment screw rod to rotate by rotating the adjustment handwheel, thereby adjusting the opening and closing angle between the lower base plate and the upper base plate, making the angle adjustment accurate and reliable. The range and accuracy of the angle adjustment depend on factors such as the thread pitch of the angle adjustment screw rod, the size of the adjustment handwheel, and the efficiency of the transmission mechanism, realizing precise adjustment at any angle. The positioning laser projector in the rotation positioning mechanism projects the light beam through the long circular hole in the center of the lower base plate by the upper base plate onto the pressure vessel to form the tooling center line, which is not only fast and accurate but also can adapt to the opening requirements at different positions and angles. The positioning thimble is pushed out to align with the opening generatrix, ensuring the parallel state of the tooling center line and the opening generatrix, thereby improving the accuracy of the opening. The scribing adjustment mechanism adjusts the angle and position of the transverse adjustment rod assembly by rotating the transverse adjustment handwheel, and then changes the projection direction and position of the scribing laser projector, so that the scribing laser can accurately project to the specified position on the pressure vessel. The selection of the scribing laser projector needs to consider factors such as scribing accuracy, working environment, and operation convenience. Through high-precision laser projection and precise adjustment mechanism, precise scribing on complex curved surfaces is achieved. The entire tooling can meet the requirements of opening and scribing the nozzle at any angle on the complex curved surface pressure vessel.

[0006] In addition, according to the above-mentioned opening and scribing tooling for nozzles at any angle on the complex curved surface of the pressure vessel proposed by the present invention, it also has the following additional technical features: According to an embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption base further includes a temporary plate with an adsorption function. The size of the temporary plate is larger than that of the lower base plate, and the lower base plate is indirectly connected to the pressure vessel through the platform provided by the temporary plate.

[0007] In this technical solution, the temporary plate can provide a relatively stable platform, enabling the lower base plate to be more easily positioned and establish a stable connection with the pressure vessel. As an intermediate connection layer, the temporary plate is larger in size than the lower base plate. In areas with complex curved surfaces or areas that are difficult to directly adsorb, the use of the temporary plate simplifies the installation process. The temporary plate can be easily removed as an independent component without the need for complex disassembly of the entire tooling system.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the temporary plate is tangent to or parallel to the generatrix of the opening; a through hole is provided in the middle of the temporary plate for the positioning laser projector to pass through.

[0009] In this technical solution, the precise geometric relationship between the temporary plate and the generatrix of the opening, as well as the setting of the through hole in the middle, jointly improve the efficiency and accuracy of the opening operation, ensuring that the tooling system can quickly locate the expected opening position and guide subsequent scribing and opening operations, thereby reducing operation time and errors. Since the temporary plate can adapt to pressure vessels of different shapes and sizes and can adjust the geometric relationship with the generatrix of the opening to meet different opening requirements, this kind of tooling system is widely used in the opening operations of various complex curved surface pressure vessels.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, four weight reduction holes are respectively provided on the lower base plate and the upper base plate.

[0011] In this technical solution, the main purpose of the weight reduction holes is to reduce the overall weight of the tooling, making it lighter and more portable. This not only facilitates handling and installation but also reduces the additional burden on the pressure vessel or the operator during the working process. At the same time, the weight reduction holes can optimize the material distribution, ensuring that the tooling uses less material while maintaining sufficient strength and rigidity, thereby achieving cost savings. In addition, by reasonably arranging the weight reduction holes, the excessive concentration of stress in specific areas can be effectively avoided, thus enhancing the structural strength and durability of the tooling.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pressure vessel is an elliptical head, a spherical head, a conical pressure vessel, or an equal-diameter pressure vessel.

[0013] In this technical solution, different shapes of pressure vessels, including elliptical heads, spherical heads, conical pressure vessels, and equal-diameter pressure vessels, can correspondingly and flexibly adapt to various application scenarios and specific requirements. In particular, due to the uneven surfaces of conical pressure vessels and equal-diameter pressure vessels, it is difficult to directly fix them using adsorption magnets. Therefore, a temporary plate is used to achieve indirect fixation. The tooling can accurately mark the openings for straight insertion and oblique insertion at any angle of large-diameter nozzles (φ400 - φ1000mm) at complex curved parts such as equal-diameter pressure vessels, conical pressure vessels, elliptical heads, and spherical heads. Moreover, after spot-welding the temporary plate on an equal-diameter pressure vessel or a conical pressure vessel, the opening lines for eccentric straight insertion or eccentric oblique insertion of the nozzle can be accurately drawn. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the rotating vertical rod assembly includes a fixed vertical rod and a rotating vertical rod. Ball bearings are installed at both ends of the fixed vertical rod, and its bottom is connected to the upper base plate through a flange seat, and its top is clamped and fixed to the transverse adjustment rod assembly through the rotating vertical rod.

[0014] In this technical solution, the fixed vertical rod serves as a support structure, and through the ball bearings, it realizes a low-friction and high-stability connection with the surrounding environment. The rotating vertical rod is connected to the top of the fixed vertical rod and allows rotation within a certain range to adapt to different angle requirements. The top of the rotating vertical rod is connected to the transverse adjustment rod assembly through a clamping mechanism, allowing the transverse adjustment rod assembly to make angle adjustments within a certain range on the rotating vertical rod.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a spiral-wound oil guide groove is provided on the side of the fixed vertical rod, and the oil guide groove is filled with grease for lubrication.

[0016] In this technical solution, the spiral winding enables the oil guide groove to be evenly distributed along the length of the fixed vertical rod, while ensuring that the grease can be stably stored and flow in the groove. This not only improves the lubrication effect but also enables the grease to continuously provide lubrication for the fixed vertical rod, reducing wear and failures caused by insufficient lubrication.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the positioning laser projector is installed at the bottom of the flange seat and is concentrically configured with the fixed vertical rod.

[0018] In this technical solution, the positioning laser projector is installed at the bottom of the flange seat and is concentrically configured with the fixed vertical rod, ensuring that the laser beam emits from the center of the tooling and accurately aligns with the target position on the pressure vessel. When performing the opening marking operation, it realizes high-precision positioning to ensure that the opening position is accurate.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the positioning thimbles are respectively arranged on both sides of the rotating vertical rod assembly. The two positioning thimbles and the rotating vertical rod assembly are arranged in a straight line to align with the center line of the tooling, ensuring that the tooling body is parallel to the center line of the tooling.

[0020] In this technical solution, two positioning thimbles are respectively arranged on both sides of the rotating vertical rod assembly and are arranged in a straight line with the rotating vertical rod assembly, accurately aligning with the center line of the tooling, ensuring that the tooling body maintains a strict parallel relationship with the center line of the tooling during operations such as hole opening and scribing, thereby improving the operation accuracy; when the tooling body is affected by external forces during the working process, the positioning thimbles can effectively resist the influence of these external forces and keep the position and attitude of the tooling body unchanged, thereby ensuring the operation stability; the operator can adjust the position of the positioning thimbles by simply adjusting the angle and position of the rotating vertical rod assembly, thereby achieving rapid and accurate positioning and adjustment of the tooling body.

[0021] To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a method for scribing the opening of a nozzle at any angle on a complex curved surface of a pressure vessel.

[0022] A method for scribing the opening of a nozzle at any angle on a complex curved surface of a pressure vessel includes the following steps: S1. Adsorption installation: Use the adsorption magnets at the end corners of the lower base plate to firmly adsorb it on the surface of the pressure vessel; if the surface of the pressure vessel is a complex curved surface, a temporary plate larger than the lower base plate needs to be installed, and the temporary plate indirectly connects the lower base plate and the pressure vessel through its adsorption function; ensure that the temporary plate is tangent to or parallel to the opening generatrix, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the temporary plate for the positioning laser projector to pass through; S2. Center positioning: Start the positioning laser projector, and its beam will pass through the long circular hole of the lower base plate and project onto the pressure vessel to form the center line of the tooling; observe the red dot of the positioning laser projector to ensure that it coincides precisely with the center point on the pressure vessel, thereby achieving center positioning; push out the positioning thimble to align it with the opening generatrix on the surface of the pressure vessel; S3. Angle adjustment: Rotate the adjustment handwheel in the angle adjustment mechanism to drive the angle adjustment lead screw to rotate, thereby adjusting the opening and closing angle between the lower base plate and the upper base plate until the required scribing angle is reached; use a digital display angle gauge to measure and confirm the parallelism between the upper base plate and the straight section or curved surface of the pressure vessel surface; S4. Scribing adjustment: Adjust the scribing laser projector on the transverse adjustment rod assembly according to the dimensions marked on the CAD drawing and the nozzle position diagram; rotate the transverse adjustment handwheel to make the beam of the scribing laser projector coincide with the center point on the surface of the pressure vessel; measure the distance between the two red dots at the bottom of the base plate to ensure that this distance matches the nozzle radius R; with the rotating vertical rod as the axis, slowly rotate the transverse adjustment rod and mark the rotation trajectory of the beam of the scribing laser projector on the surface of the pressure vessel; use a long board ruler to smoothly connect the points on the pressure vessel to form a complete opening line; S5. Cutting and opening: Perform the cutting and opening operation according to the scribing result.

[0023] The method of this technical solution realizes scribing for the opening of nozzles at any angle on the complex curved surface of a pressure vessel. Specifically, through the adsorption and installation in step S1, the tooling is firmly adsorbed on the surface of the pressure vessel by using adsorption magnets and a temporary plate. Whether the surface of the pressure vessel is flat or a complex curved surface, a stable connection between the tooling and the pressure vessel can be ensured; in step S2, by starting the positioning laser projector, the precise positioning of the center line of the tooling is realized, and by observing the red dot and pushing out the positioning thimble, it is ensured that the center line of the tooling is precisely aligned with the opening generatrix on the pressure vessel; in step S3, by rotating the adjusting handwheel of the angle adjusting mechanism, the opening and closing angle between the lower base plate and the upper base plate is precisely adjusted to reach the required scribing angle, and a digital display angle gauge is used to confirm the parallelism to ensure the accuracy of the scribing angle; in step S4, according to the dimensions marked on the CAD drawing and the nozzle position diagram, the scribing laser projector is adjusted, and by rotating the transverse adjusting handwheel and measuring the distance of the red dot, it is ensured that the beam of the scribing laser projector conforms to the nozzle radius R, and a complete opening line is marked on the surface of the pressure vessel; in step S5, the cutting and opening operation is carried out according to the scribing result, and the entire nozzle opening scribing process is completed.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The scribing tooling can quickly and precisely scribe the opening lines at any angle on the complex curved surface of the pressure vessel, significantly improving the scribing efficiency and labor efficiency, reducing the operation difficulty and time cost, and at the same time ensuring the accuracy of the opening, which is suitable for wide application in the field of pressure vessel manufacturing; (2) The scribing method realizes the stable adsorption and precise positioning of the complex curved surface pressure vessel, effectively solves the operation problems of the traditional scribing method on the complex curved surface, improves the flexibility and adaptability of the opening scribing operation, and provides an efficient and reliable solution for the pressure vessel manufacturing industry. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 is one of the three-dimensional views of the tooling of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 is the front view of the tooling of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 is the second three-dimensional view of the tooling of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 is the third three-dimensional view of the tooling of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 is the cross-sectional view of the rotating vertical rod assembly.

[0030] Figure 6 is the alignment schematic diagram of the tooling on the conical pressure vessel.

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of tooling marking on a conical pressure vessel.

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of marking the opening of an elliptical head.

[0033] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the marking of the opening of a spherical head.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of adding a temporary plate to a conical pressure vessel.

[0035] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the eccentric opening of a conical pressure vessel.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of installing a temporary plate on an equal-diameter pressure vessel.

[0037] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the eccentric oblique insertion pipe opening of an equal-diameter pressure vessel.

[0038] Figure 14 It is a numerical diagram of the measurement of conical pressure vessel.

[0039] In the figure: 1. Lower base plate; 2. Adsorption magnet; 3. Positioning ejector pin; 4. Upper base plate; 5. Center positioning laser; 6. Angle adjustment screw; 7. Angle adjustment hand wheel; 8. Rotating vertical pole assembly; 9. Lateral adjustment hand wheel; 10. Lateral adjustment rod assembly; 11. Marking laser projector; 12. Marking laser beam; 13. Positioning laser projector; 14. Flange seat; 15. Fixed vertical pole; 16. Oil guide groove; 17. Rotation track; 18. Elliptical head; 19. Spherical head; 20. Temporary plate; 21. Conical pressure vessel; 22. Equal diameter pressure vessel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 13 As shown, this embodiment provides a tool for marking holes on a pipe with a complex curved surface at any angle on a pressure vessel, comprising a pressure vessel with a complex curved surface, and a tool body adsorbed on the surface of the pressure vessel, the tool body being used to project a marking laser beam 12 toward the pressure vessel to assist the pressure vessel in making holes on a pipe with any angle, and the tool body comprising the following components: The adsorption base includes a lower base plate 1 and an upper base plate 4 that are hinged to each other, and adsorption magnets 2 installed at the corner positions of the end of the lower base plate 1; through the action of the adsorption magnets 2, the lower base plate 1 is adsorbed on the pressure vessel; The angle adjustment mechanism includes an angle adjustment screw rod 6 and an angle adjustment handwheel 7. The lower end of the angle adjustment screw rod 6 is fixed to the front side edge of the lower base plate 1, and its upper end passes through the upper base plate 4 and is equipped with an angle adjustment handwheel 7; by rotating the angle adjustment handwheel 7, the angle adjustment screw rod 6 is driven to rotate, thereby adjusting the opening and closing angle between the lower base plate 1 and the upper base plate 4; The rotation positioning mechanism includes a rotation vertical rod assembly 8 in the middle of the upper base plate 4, a positioning laser projector 13 installed at the bottom of the rotation vertical rod assembly 8, and positioning thimbles 3 arranged on both sides of the lower base plate 1; the positioning laser projector 13 passes through the long circular hole in the center of the lower base plate 1 from the upper base plate 4 and projects a light beam onto the tooling center line on the pressure vessel to achieve center positioning; the positioning thimbles 3 are pushed out so that they are aligned with the opening generatrix to ensure that the tooling center line and the opening generatrix are kept parallel; The scribing adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal adjustment rod assembly 10 at the top of the rotation vertical rod assembly 8. The horizontal adjustment rod assembly 10 and the rotation vertical rod assembly 8 are provided with a horizontal adjustment handwheel 9 at the vertical connection; the end of the horizontal adjustment rod assembly 10 is installed with a scribing laser projector 11, and the scribing laser projector 11 is arranged facing the pressure vessel and is used to assist in scribing operations.

[0042] Such as Figures 1 to 13As shown, the technical solution improves the tool body so that a single person can operate it, can quickly and accurately draw the hole line, improves efficiency, and is not affected by the dimensional accuracy error of the complex curved surface; the hole line can be quickly drawn on the complex curved surface without being affected by the dimensional accuracy error of the complex curved surface, the time is greatly shortened, the operation is simple and convenient, and the marking efficiency is significantly improved; it is suitable for the construction process of marking holes on complex curved surface pipes of pressure vessels, can be widely used in the field of pressure vessel manufacturing, and improves labor efficiency. Specifically, the tool body is firmly adsorbed on the complex curved surface of the pressure vessel by the adsorption magnet 2 of the adsorption base, which not only ensures the stability of the tool body during operation, but also enables it to adapt to pressure vessels of different shapes and sizes; the selection of the adsorption magnet 2 needs to take into account factors such as the material, curvature and working environment of the pressure vessel to ensure sufficient adsorption force; the angle adjustment mechanism drives the angle adjustment screw 6 to rotate by rotating the adjustment handwheel, thereby adjusting the opening and closing angle between the lower base plate 1 and the upper base plate 4, so that the angle adjustment is both accurate and reliable; the range and accuracy of the degree adjustment depend on factors such as the thread pitch of the angle adjustment screw 6, the size of the adjustment handwheel and the efficiency of the transmission mechanism, so as to achieve precise adjustment of any angle; the positioning laser projector 13 in the rotary positioning mechanism passes through the upper base plate 4 through the length of the center of the lower base plate 1 The circular hole projects the light beam onto the pressure vessel to form the center line of the tooling, which is not only fast and accurate, but also can adapt to the needs of opening holes at different positions and angles; the positioning ejector 3 is pushed out to align with the hole line to ensure the parallel state of the tooling center line and the hole line, thereby improving the accuracy of the hole opening; the marking adjustment mechanism adjusts the angle and position of the lateral adjustment rod assembly 10 by rotating the lateral adjustment handwheel 9, thereby changing the projection direction and position of the marking laser projector 11, so that the marking laser can be accurately projected to the specified position on the pressure vessel; the selection of the marking laser projector 11 needs to take into account factors such as marking accuracy, working environment and ease of operation, and through high-precision laser projection and precise adjustment mechanism, accurate marking on complex curved surfaces can be achieved; the entire tooling can meet the needs of taking over holes at any angle on complex curved pressure vessels.

[0043] In addition, the above-mentioned pressure vessel complex curved surface arbitrary angle pipe opening marking tooling according to the present invention also has the following additional technical features: According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption base further includes a temporary plate 20 with adsorption function. The size of the temporary plate 20 is larger than the lower base plate 1. The lower base plate 1 is indirectly connected to the pressure vessel through the platform provided by the temporary plate 20.

[0044] In this technical solution, the temporary plate 20 can provide a relatively stable platform, enabling the lower base plate 1 to be more easily positioned and establish a stable connection with the pressure vessel. As an intermediate connection layer, the temporary plate 20 is larger in size than the lower base plate 1. In areas with complex curved surfaces or areas that are difficult to directly adsorb, the use of the temporary plate 20 simplifies the installation process. The temporary plate 20 can be easily removed as an independent component without the need for complex disassembly of the entire tooling system.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the temporary plate 20 is tangent to or parallel to the opening generatrix; a through hole is provided in the middle of the temporary plate 20 for the positioning laser projector 13 to pass through.

[0046] In this technical solution, the precise geometric relationship between the temporary plate 20 and the opening generatrix, as well as the setting of the through hole in the middle, jointly improve the efficiency and accuracy of the opening operation, ensuring that the tooling system can quickly locate the expected opening position and guide the subsequent scribing and opening operations, thereby reducing the operation time and error. Since the temporary plate 20 can adapt to pressure vessels of different shapes and sizes and can adapt to different opening requirements by adjusting the geometric relationship with the opening generatrix, this kind of tooling system is widely used in the opening operations of various complex curved surface pressure vessels.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present invention, four weight reduction holes are respectively provided on the lower base plate 1 and the upper base plate 4.

[0048] In this technical solution, the main purpose of the weight reduction holes is to reduce the overall weight of the tooling, making it lighter and more portable. This not only facilitates handling and installation but also reduces the additional burden on the pressure vessel or the operator during the working process. At the same time, the weight reduction holes can optimize the material distribution, ensuring that the tooling uses less material while maintaining sufficient strength and rigidity, thereby achieving cost savings. In addition, by reasonably arranging the weight reduction holes, it is also possible to effectively avoid excessive stress concentration in specific areas, thereby enhancing the structural strength and durability of the tooling.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pressure vessel is an elliptical head 18, a spherical head 19, a conical pressure vessel 21, or an equal-diameter pressure vessel 22.

[0050] In this technical solution, different shapes of pressure vessels, including elliptical heads 18, spherical heads 19, conical pressure vessels 21, and equal-diameter pressure vessels 22, can correspondingly and flexibly adapt to various application scenarios and specific requirements. In particular, due to the uneven surfaces of the conical pressure vessel 21 and the equal-diameter pressure vessel 22, it is difficult to directly fix them using the adsorption magnet 2. Therefore, a temporary plate 20 is used to achieve the purpose of indirect fixation. The tooling can accurately mark the openings for direct insertion and oblique insertion at any angle of large-diameter nozzles (φ400~φ1000mm) at complex curved parts such as the equal-diameter pressure vessel 22, conical pressure vessels, elliptical heads 18, and spherical heads 19. Moreover, after spot-welding the temporary plate on the equal-diameter pressure vessel 22 or the conical pressure vessel 21, the opening lines for eccentric direct insertion or eccentric oblique insertion of the nozzles can be accurately drawn. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the rotating vertical rod assembly 8 includes a fixed vertical rod 15 and a rotating vertical rod. Ball bearings are installed at both ends of the fixed vertical rod 15, and its bottom is connected to the upper base plate 4 through a flange seat 14, and its top is clamped and fixed to the lateral adjustment rod assembly 10 through the rotating vertical rod.

[0051] In this technical solution, the fixed vertical rod 15 serves as a support structure, and through the ball bearings, it realizes a low-friction and high-stability connection with the surrounding environment. The rotating vertical rod is connected to the top of the fixed vertical rod 15, allowing rotation within a certain range to adapt to different angle requirements; the top of the rotating vertical rod is connected to the lateral adjustment rod assembly 10 through a clamping mechanism, allowing the lateral adjustment rod assembly 10 to make angle adjustments within a certain range on the rotating vertical rod.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a spiral-wound oil guide groove 16 is provided on the side of the fixed vertical rod 15, and the oil guide groove 16 is filled with grease for lubrication.

[0053] In this technical solution, the spiral winding enables the oil guide groove 16 to be evenly distributed along the length direction of the fixed vertical rod 15, while ensuring that the grease can be stably stored and flow in the groove, not only improving the lubrication effect, but also enabling the grease to continuously provide lubrication for the fixed vertical rod 15, reducing wear and failures caused by insufficient lubrication.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the positioning laser projector 13 is installed at the bottom of the flange seat 14 and is concentrically configured with the fixed vertical rod 15.

[0055] In this technical solution, the positioning laser projector 13 is installed at the bottom of the flange seat 14 and is concentrically configured with the fixed vertical rod 15, ensuring that the laser beam emits from the center of the tooling and accurately aligns with the target position on the pressure vessel, for achieving high-precision positioning during the opening marking operation and ensuring the accuracy of the opening position.

[0056] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the positioning thimbles 3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the rotating vertical rod assembly 8, and the two positioning thimbles 3 and the rotating vertical rod assembly 8 are arranged in a straight line to align with the center line of the tooling, ensuring that the tooling body is parallel to the center line of the tooling.

[0057] In this technical solution, by respectively arranging the two positioning thimbles 3 on both sides of the rotating vertical rod assembly 8 and arranging them in a straight line with the rotating vertical rod assembly 8, the center line of the tooling is accurately aligned, ensuring that the tooling body maintains a strict parallel relationship with the center line of the tooling during operations such as hole opening and scribing, thereby improving the operation accuracy; when the tooling body is affected by external forces during the working process, the positioning thimbles 3 can effectively resist the influence of these external forces and keep the position and posture of the tooling body unchanged, thus ensuring the operation stability; the operator only needs to adjust the angle and position of the rotating vertical rod assembly 8 to simultaneously adjust the position of the positioning thimbles 3, thereby achieving rapid and accurate positioning and adjustment of the tooling body.

[0058] Embodiment 2 As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a method for scribing the opening of a nozzle at any angle on a complex curved surface of a pressure vessel, including the following steps: S1. Adsorption and installation: Use the adsorption magnet 2 at the end corner of the lower base plate 1 to firmly adsorb it on the surface of the pressure vessel; if the surface of the pressure vessel is a complex curved surface, a temporary plate 20 with a size larger than the lower base plate 1 needs to be installed. The temporary plate 20 indirectly connects the lower base plate 1 and the pressure vessel through its adsorption function; ensure that the temporary plate 20 is tangent to or parallel to the opening generatrix, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the temporary plate 20 for the positioning laser projector 13 to pass through; S2. Center positioning: Start the positioning laser projector 13, and its beam will pass through the long circular hole of the lower base plate 1 and project onto the pressure vessel to form the center line of the tooling; observe the red dot of the positioning laser projector 13 to ensure that it precisely coincides with the center point on the pressure vessel, thereby achieving center positioning; push out the positioning thimble 3 to align it with the opening generatrix on the surface of the pressure vessel; S3. Angle adjustment: Rotate the adjustment handwheel in the angle adjustment mechanism to drive the angle adjustment screw rod 6 to rotate, thereby adjusting the opening and closing angle between the lower base plate 1 and the upper base plate 4 until the required scribing angle is reached; use a digital display angle gauge to measure and confirm the parallelism between the upper base plate and the straight section or curved surface of the pressure vessel surface; S4. Marking line adjustment: According to the dimensions marked on the CAD drawing and the nozzle position diagram, adjust the marking laser projector 11 on the horizontal adjustment rod assembly 10; rotate the horizontal adjustment handwheel 9 to make the beam of the marking laser projector 11 coincide with the center point on the surface of the pressure vessel; measure the distance between the two red dots at the bottom of the base plate to ensure that this distance conforms to the nozzle radius R; taking the rotating vertical rod as the axis, slowly rotate the horizontal adjustment rod and mark the rotation trajectory 17 of the beam of the marking laser projector 11 on the surface of the pressure vessel; use a long straightedge to smoothly connect the points on the pressure vessel to form a complete opening line; S5. Cutting and opening: According to the marking result, perform the cutting and opening operation.

[0059] This technical solution realizes a method for marking the opening of a nozzle at any angle on the complex curved surface of a pressure vessel. Specifically, through the adsorption and installation in step S1, the tooling is firmly adsorbed on the surface of the pressure vessel by using the adsorption magnet 2 and the temporary plate 20. Whether the surface of the pressure vessel is flat or a complex curved surface, a stable connection between the tooling and the pressure vessel can be ensured; in step S2, by starting the positioning laser projector 13, the precise positioning of the center line of the tooling is realized, and by observing the red dots and pushing out the positioning thimble 3, it is ensured that the center line of the tooling is precisely aligned with the opening generatrix on the pressure vessel; in step S3, by rotating the adjustment handwheel of the angle adjustment mechanism, the opening and closing angle between the lower base plate 1 and the upper base plate 4 is precisely adjusted to reach the required marking angle, and a digital display angle gauge is used to confirm the parallelism to ensure the accuracy of the marking angle; in step S4, according to the dimensions marked on the CAD drawing and the nozzle position diagram, the marking laser projector 11 is adjusted, and by rotating the horizontal adjustment handwheel 9 and measuring the distance between the red dots, it is ensured that the beam of the marking laser projector 11 conforms to the nozzle radius R, and a complete opening line is marked on the surface of the pressure vessel; in step S5, according to the marking result, the cutting and opening operation is performed to complete the entire nozzle opening and marking process.

[0060] Embodiment 3 Based on Embodiment 2, this embodiment takes the straight insertion nozzle opening of the conical pressure vessel 21 in the middle section of a variable-diameter pressure vessel as an example. As Figure 14 described, first use CAD software to simply draw the nozzle position diagram, measure several main values such as L1, L2, L3, L4, R, α, etc. for center positioning and verification of the opening diameter accuracy, and there is no need to continue with lofting and unfolding; Draw the surface generatrix of the opening position on the pressure vessel, find the center point, punch a center punch, and draw the points of the L3 and L4 positions on the generatrix; Use a digital angle gauge to measure the angles of the upper and lower straight sections and the cone, find the reference, place the tooling at the opening position, use the digital angle gauge to measure, rotate the handwheel to adjust the upper base plate to be parallel to the straight section, turn on the center positioning laser red dot to coincide with the punch, push out the ejector pin to coincide with the element line of the opening position, and the base magnet firmly contacts and adheres to the pressure vessel. At this time, the center line of the tooling is parallel to the element line of the opening; After checking the angle of the upper base plate again and ensuring it is correct, lock it; turn on the red dot laser pen, adjust the horizontal adjustment handwheel 9 so that the red dot coincides with the points at the L3 and L4 positions, and measure whether the distance between the two red dots at the bottom of the base plate is consistent with the radius R of the nozzle; Slowly rotate the horizontal adjustment rod by hand with the rotating vertical rod as the axis, and use a stone pen to draw arrows at appropriate intervals along the rotation trajectory 17 of the red dot. Use a long board ruler to smoothly connect the points on the pressure vessel. At this time, the opening line at the nozzle position has been drawn. After checking again, proceed with cutting and opening the hole; When marking lines on other curved surfaces, the method of alignment and marking is the same.

[0061] When encountering an eccentrically inclined nozzle, it is necessary to spot-weld a temporary plate tangent to or parallel to the element line of the surface opening center on the pressure vessel. The tooling can be adsorbed on the temporary plate for alignment and marking, and the marking steps are the same as those for other nozzle forms.

[0062] Although the present invention has been described in detail by referring to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions to the embodiments of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all fall within the scope of the present invention / Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tool for marking holes on a pipe with complex curved surfaces and arbitrary angles on a pressure vessel, comprising a pressure vessel with a complex curved surface and a tool body, characterized in that: The tool body comprises the following components: an adsorption base, comprising a lower base plate (1) and an upper base plate (4) which are hinged to each other, and an adsorption magnet (2) installed at the end angle position of the lower base plate (1); an angle adjustment mechanism, comprising an angle adjustment screw rod (6) and an angle adjustment hand wheel (7), wherein the lower end of the angle adjustment screw rod (6) is fixed to the front side edge of the lower base plate (1), and the upper end thereof passes through the upper base plate (4) and is provided with an angle adjustment hand wheel (7); a rotation positioning mechanism, comprising a positioning laser projection device located at a rotation pole assembly (8) and installed at the bottom of the rotation pole assembly (8); The invention relates to a pressure vessel having a plurality of pressure measuring devices, a positioning device (13), and positioning ejectors (3) arranged on both sides of the lower base plate (1); a positioning laser projector (13) passes through the oblong hole in the center of the lower base plate (1) from the upper base plate (4) to project a light beam to the center line of the tooling on the pressure vessel; a marking adjustment mechanism, comprising a lateral adjustment rod assembly (10), wherein the lateral adjustment rod assembly (10) and the rotating vertical rod assembly (8) are provided with a lateral adjustment hand wheel (9) at the vertical connection; a marking laser projector (11) is installed at the end of the lateral adjustment rod assembly (10), and the marking laser projector (11) is arranged toward the pressure vessel.

2. The tool for marking holes on pipes with complex curved surfaces at arbitrary angles on pressure vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorption base also includes a temporary plate (20) with an adsorption function. The temporary plate (20) is larger than the lower base plate (1). The lower base plate (1) is indirectly connected to the pressure vessel via a platform provided by the temporary plate (20).

3. The tool for marking holes on complex curved surfaces of pressure vessels at arbitrary angles as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The temporary plate (20) is tangent to or parallel to the opening line; a through hole for the matching positioning laser projector (13) to pass through is arranged in the middle of the temporary plate (20).

4. The tool for marking holes on pipes with complex curved surfaces at arbitrary angles on pressure vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower base plate (1) and the upper base plate (4) are each provided with four weight-reducing holes.

5. The tool for marking holes on pipes with complex curved surfaces at arbitrary angles on pressure vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure vessel is an elliptical head (18), a spherical head (19), a conical pressure vessel (21) or a constant diameter pressure vessel (22).

6. The tool for marking holes on pipes with complex curved surfaces at arbitrary angles on pressure vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating vertical rod assembly (8) comprises a fixed vertical rod (15) and a rotating vertical rod. Both ends of the fixed vertical rod (15) are equipped with ball bearings. The bottom of the fixed vertical rod (15) is connected to the upper base plate (4) through a flange seat (14), and the top of the fixed vertical rod is clamped and fixed to the horizontal adjustment rod assembly (10) through the rotating vertical rod.

7. The tool for marking holes on pipes with complex curved surfaces at arbitrary angles on pressure vessels according to claim 6, characterized in that: A spirally wound oil guide groove (16) is provided on the side of the fixed upright rod (15), and the oil guide groove (16) is filled with butter for lubrication.

8. The tool for marking holes on pipes with complex curved surfaces at arbitrary angles on pressure vessels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The positioning laser projector (13) is installed at the bottom of the flange seat (14) and is coaxially arranged with the fixed pole (15).

9. The tool for marking holes on pipes with complex curved surfaces at arbitrary angles on pressure vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning ejector pins (3) are respectively arranged on both sides of the rotating pole assembly (8), and the two positioning ejector pins (3) and the rotating pole assembly (8) are arranged in a straight line to align with the tooling center line, ensuring that the tooling body and the tooling center line remain parallel.

10. A method for marking holes on a pipe opening at any angle on a complex curved surface of a pressure vessel, using the marking tool for marking holes on a pipe opening at any angle on a complex curved surface of a pressure vessel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Adsorption installation: Use the adsorption magnet (2) at the end corner of the lower base plate (1) to firmly adsorb it to the surface of the pressure vessel; if the surface of the pressure vessel is a complex curved surface, it is necessary to install a temporary plate (20) larger than the lower base plate (1). The temporary plate (20) indirectly connects the lower base plate (1) and the pressure vessel through its adsorption function; ensure that the temporary plate (20) is tangent to or parallel to the opening line, and set a through hole in the middle of the temporary plate (20) to allow the positioning laser projector (13) to pass through; S2, center positioning: start the positioning laser projector (13), and its light beam will pass through the oblong hole of the lower base plate (1) and project onto the pressure vessel to form the center line of the tooling; observe the red dot of the positioning laser projector (13) to ensure that it accurately coincides with the center point on the pressure vessel, thereby achieving center positioning; push out the positioning ejector (3) to align it with the opening line on the surface of the pressure vessel; S3, angle adjustment: rotating the adjustment hand wheel in the angle adjustment mechanism to drive the angle adjustment screw (6) to rotate, thereby adjusting the opening and closing angle between the lower base plate (1) and the upper base plate (4) until the desired marking angle is reached; using a digital angle ruler to measure and confirm the parallelism between the upper base plate and the straight section or curved surface of the pressure vessel surface; S4, marking adjustment: according to the dimensions marked on the CAD drawing and the pipe position diagram, adjust the marking laser projector (11) on the transverse adjustment rod assembly (10); rotate the transverse adjustment hand wheel (9) to make the light beam of the marking laser projector (11) coincide with the center point on the surface of the pressure vessel; measure the distance between the two red dots at the bottom of the base plate to ensure that the distance is consistent with the pipe radius R; with the rotating vertical rod as the axis, slowly rotate the transverse adjustment rod to mark the rotation trajectory (17) of the light beam of the marking laser projector (11) on the surface of the pressure vessel; use a long ruler to smoothly connect the points on the pressure vessel to form a complete opening line; S5. Cutting and opening holes: Perform cutting and opening operations according to the marking results.

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