Gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium carbon particles and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium carbon particles and a preparation method of the gel propellant. The gel propellant comprises 38% of aviation kerosene; 6% of an organic gelling agent; 6% of absolute ethyl alcohol; 35%-50% of micron magnesium powder; and 0%-15% of nano carbon powder. Through the synergistic effect of the nano carbon powder, the energy characteristic is remarkably improved, the volumetric calorific value is maximally improved by 21.2%, meanwhile, the problem of incomplete combustion of magnesium is solved, the viscosity and storage stability of the gel are respectively increased and reduced at lower and higher shear rates, and meanwhile, the atomization of the gel propellant is optimized. The preparation process is simple, and the propellant is excellent in performance and suitable for aerospace high-energy propulsion systems. The method is funded by a college student innovation and entrepreneurship training plan project S202410251174.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aerospace propulsion, and particularly relates to a gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium-carbon particles and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Propellants are one of the important research contents in the aerospace field. With the continuous innovation of spacecraft such as rockets, the requirements for fuels are getting higher and higher. Traditional rocket propellants are divided into solid and liquid propellants. Liquid propellants are the most widely used and the largest in quantity in the world today. However, their safety is poor, and there are risks of leakage, corrosion, and explosion during storage or transportation. Although solid propellants are safe and easy to store, the energy content of solid fuels is relatively low, and it is difficult to control the thrust during fuel filling. Gel propellants combine the advantages of solid propellants, such as easy storage and high safety, and liquid propellants, such as large specific impulse, easy regulation, atomization, and combustion. They are a new type of propellant that is safer than liquid propellants and can control thrust more flexibly than solid propellants. They have become a new type of propulsion technology widely studied at home and abroad.

[0003] By adding high-energy solid particles such as magnesium, aluminum, and boron, the energy characteristics of the propellant can be significantly improved. However, a large number of combustion experiments have shown that there are incomplete combustion phenomena in the magnesium particles added in solid propellants and gel propellants. The aggregation of magnesium particles will bring a series of effects such as two-phase flow loss, decline in the energy characteristics of the propellant, change in the acoustic field particle damping, and reduction in the engine specific impulse. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art that the aggregation of magnesium particles during the combustion of metal gel propellants leads to incomplete combustion, and the increase in the concentration of magnesium particles will hinder the atomization process, etc.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium-carbon particles, which comprises components with the following mass ratios:

[0006] Aviation kerosene (RP-3): 38%;

[0007] Organic gelling agent (Thixatrol ST): 6%;

[0008] Absolute ethanol: 6%;

[0009] Micron magnesium powder: 35% - 50%;

[0010] Nanometer carbon powder: 0% - 15%.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a preparation method of the gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium-carbon particles as described above, which includes the following steps:

[0012] S1: Add micron-sized magnesium powder and nano-sized carbon powder into ethanol, stir at high speed to form a suspension, filter and dry to obtain magnesium-carbon composite powder;

[0013] S2: Slowly disperse Thixatrol ST and absolute ethanol into RP-3 aviation kerosene through a sieve to obtain kerosene gel;

[0014] S3: Add the mixed powder of magnesium and carbon obtained in step S1 into the kerosene gel obtained in step S2, stir evenly, seal and let stand to obtain a high-concentration metallized gel propellant.

[0015] Furthermore, the stirring time of the suspension of micron-sized magnesium powder and nano-sized carbon powder is 5 min, the drying temperature after filtration is 60 °C, and the drying time is 1 h.

[0016] Furthermore, the stirring speed for preparing the gel propellant is 1000 rpm, and the stirring time is 30 min; the standing time after stirring and sealing is 12 h.

[0017] Advantages of the present invention:

[0018] 1. The gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium-carbon particles provided by the present invention adds nano-sized carbon powder, which has good thermal conductivity and excellent combustion performance, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the gel to a certain extent. At the same time, the addition of carbon powder results in the combustion products being fluffy and porous, and the particle size is significantly reduced, which promotes greater contact between magnesium and oxygen, leading to more complete combustion, effectively solving the problems of agglomeration and incomplete combustion during the combustion of magnesium.

[0019] 2. The gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium-carbon particles provided by the present invention has stable performance and is easy to store. Specific embodiments

[0020] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this invention belongs. The terms used in the description of this invention herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. Additionally, the technical solutions between various embodiments of this invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this invention.

[0022] The present invention provides a gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium-carbon particles, which comprises components with the following mass ratios:

[0023] Aviation kerosene (RP-3): 38%;

[0024] Organic gelling agent (Thixatrol ST): 6%;

[0025] Absolute ethanol: 6%;

[0026] Micron magnesium powder: 35% - 50%;

[0027] Nanometer carbon powder: 0% - 15%.

[0028] The kerosene is RP-3 aviation kerosene with a density of 0.84 g / cm³.

[0029] The castor oil derivative is Thixatrol ST with a density of 1.02 g / cm³.

[0030] The magnesium particles have a density of 2.700 g / cm³ and a particle size of 1 μm; the nanometer carbon powder has a particle size of 30 nm.

[0031] The absolute ethanol has a density of 0.79 g / cm³.

[0032] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium-carbon particles as described above, which comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1: Add micron magnesium powder and nanometer carbon powder into ethanol, stir at high speed to form a suspension, filter and dry to obtain magnesium-carbon composite powder;

[0034] The stirring time of the suspension of micron magnesium powder and nanometer carbon powder is 5 min; the drying temperature after filtration is 60 °C, and the drying time is 1 h;

[0035] Preferably, the mass ratio of the magnesium-carbon composite powder is micron magnesium powder: 35% - 50% and nanometer carbon powder: 15% - 0%;

[0036] S2: Slowly disperse Thixatrol ST and absolute ethanol into RP-3 aviation kerosene through a sieve to obtain kerosene gel;

[0037] S3: Add the mixed powder of magnesium and carbon obtained in step S1 to the kerosene gel obtained in step S2, stir evenly, seal and let stand to obtain a gel propellant containing high-concentration metal magnesium-carbon particles;

[0038] The stirring speed for preparing the gel propellant is 1000 rpm, and the stirring time is 30 min; the standing time after stirring and sealing is 12 h.

[0039] The coating method of the magnesium-carbon mixed powder is as follows:

[0040] First, add a certain amount of micron magnesium powder (1 μm) and nano carbon powder (30 nm) to ethanol, and stir at high speed for 5 minutes to form a suspension; mix the two suspensions and stir at high speed for 5 minutes;

[0041] Then filter the mixed solution and collect the solid matter on the filter paper. Put the filtered solid material into an oven and dry it with forced air at 60 °C for 1 hour to completely evaporate the liquid (alcohol). Finally, obtain the treated spherical micron magnesium particles with nano carbon powder coated on the surface.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This example provides a gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium-carbon particles, and the mass ratio and component composition are shown in Table 1:

[0044] Table 1 Mass ratio and components

[0045]

[0046] This example also provides a preparation method of the above gel propellant, including the following steps:.

[0047] S1: Put 38.00 g of RP-3 aviation kerosene into a beaker, and slowly disperse 6.00 g of Thixatrol ST and 6.00 g of absolute ethanol into the RP-3 aviation kerosene through a sieve;

[0048] S2: Uniformly add the mixture of magnesium and carbon particles (50 g in total), stir the sample at high speed (1000 rpm) in an oscillating stirrer for 30 minutes, take it out and seal it for 12 hours to form a gel.

[0049] The calorific value and combustion efficiency provided in this example are shown in Table 2:

[0050] Table 2 Combustion calorific value and combustion efficiency

[0051] Sample Gross calorific value of combustion MJ·kg <![CDATA[Density g / cm 3 > <![CDATA[Volume calorific value MJ·L -1 > <![CDATA[Theoretical volume calorific value MJ·L -1 > Combustion efficiency % 50Mg 27.7 1.78 49.26 63.81 77.19 5C45Mg 33.94 1.73 58.81 62.48 94.11 10C40Mg 35.38 1.69 59.71 61.15 97.64 15C35Mg 35.81 1.64 58.83 59.79 98.38

[0052] This example shows that adding nano-carbon powder to the magnesium-containing metal gel propellant effectively solves the problems of agglomeration and incomplete combustion during the combustion of magnesium, and the stability is enhanced and it is easy to store.

[0053] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

Claims

1. A gel propellant containing high concentration magnesium carbon particles, characterized in that: Contains the following components in mass ratio: Aviation kerosene: 38%; Organic gelling agent: 6%; Anhydrous ethanol: 6%; Micron magnesium powder: 35%~50%; Nano carbon powder: 0%~15%.

2. The gel propellant containing high concentration magnesium-carbon particles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The kerosene is RP-3 aviation kerosene with a density of 0.84 g / cm³.

3. The gel propellant containing high concentration magnesium-carbon particles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The castor oil derivative is ThixatrolST, with a density of 1.02 g / cm³.

4. The gel propellant containing high concentration magnesium-carbon particles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The magnesium particles have a density of 2.700 g / cm³ and a particle size of 1 μm.

5. The gel propellant containing high concentration magnesium-carbon particles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano carbon powder is 30 nm.

6. The gel propellant containing high concentration magnesium-carbon particles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The density of the anhydrous ethanol is 0.79 g / cm³.

7. A method for preparing a gel propellant containing high-concentration magnesium-carbon particles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: adding micron magnesium powder and nano carbon powder to ethanol, stirring at high speed to form a suspension, filtering and drying to obtain magnesium-carbon composite powder; S2: Slowly dispersing ThixatrolST and anhydrous ethanol into RP-3 aviation kerosene through a sieve to obtain kerosene gel; S3: adding the mixed powder of magnesium and carbon obtained in step S1 to the kerosene gel obtained in step S2, stirring evenly and sealing and standing to obtain a gel propellant containing high concentration of metal magnesium carbon particles.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, the stirring time is 5 minutes; the drying temperature is 60°C, and the drying time is 1 hour; in step S3, the stirring speed is 1000 rpm, the stirring time is 30 minutes, and the sealed standing time after stirring is 12 hours.

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