Backfilling agent for aged lacquer leather of lacquer furniture and preparation method of backfilling agent

Abstract

The invention discloses a backfill agent for aged lacquer leather of lacquer furniture, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-80% of raw lacquer, 20-40% of tile ash and 10-20% of swim bladder adhesive, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%. According to the waterproof backfill repair material based on the raw lacquer, the tile ash and the isinglass, the water resistance (the water absorption rate is 5.9%) and the bonding strength (1.61 MPa) are remarkably improved by optimizing the proportion (15wt% of the isinglass) and the technological parameters (40 DEG C / 70% humidity / 4 h curing), and the waterproof backfill repair material is suitable for efficient repair of aged lacquer leather of Ming and Qing lacquer furniture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of restoration of Chinese lacquer furniture, and particularly to a backfill agent for aged lacquer skin of Chinese lacquer furniture and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the restoration of Chinese lacquer furniture, the backfill material for the lacquer coating of Chinese lacquer furniture is also called a backfill agent. After the lacquer coating is softened, backfilling treatment needs to be carried out on it. The traditional restoration concept emphasizes "repairing the old as the old and protecting the raw materials", aiming to maintain the original appearance and historical value of the furniture. It can not only restore the complete appearance of Chinese lacquer furniture, but also has important significance for the inheritance of Chinese lacquer furniture.

[0003] At present, the preparation methods for aged lacquer skin of Chinese lacquer furniture include polymer material restoration method and traditional lacquer ash restoration method. Among them, the polymer material restoration method commonly uses synthetic organic polymer materials such as DG-4, SW-Z type resin, and polystyrene as backfill materials. These materials have too large differences in chemical composition and physical properties from the paint film and do not conform to the curing law of raw lacquer. With the continuous change of temperature and humidity in the natural environment, the expansion and contraction of the bonding surface and the carcass of the lacquer wood furniture are out of sync, and it is very easy for the bonding surface or the vicinity of the bonding surface to break again, which is not conducive to the long-term preservation of lacquer wood furniture. The traditional lacquer ash restoration method uses raw lacquer, tile ash, and wood chips to make a lacquer ash mixture, and uses glutinous rice paste as a binder. Its curing time is long, its fluidity is poor and it is difficult to inject, its curing efficiency is low, the construction is difficult, and its water resistance is poor (the water absorption rate of glutinous rice paste is 30%), which cannot meet the restoration requirements in a humid environment.

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to develop a backfill restoration material based on traditional materials, with high waterproofness, strong adhesiveness and thermal stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a backfill agent for aged lacquer skin of Chinese lacquer furniture and a preparation method thereof, to solve the problems of poor chemical compatibility, slow curing, and insufficient waterproofness in the prior art, to achieve the restoration goal of "repairing the old as the old" for Chinese lacquer furniture, to ensure that the restored Chinese lacquer furniture can be stored stably for a long time, and to maximize the restoration and protection of its historical and cultural value.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a backfill agent for aged lacquer skin of Chinese lacquer furniture, including raw lacquer, tile ash and fish bladder adhesive, and the mass percentages of each component are:

[0008] Raw lacquer 40 - 80wt%, tile ash 20 - 40wt% and fish bladder adhesive 10 - 20wt%, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0009] The present invention also provides a preparation method for an aging paint skin backfill agent for Chinese lacquer furniture, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Mix raw lacquer and tile ash in a set ratio, and stir well to obtain a homogenized base material (LM);

[0011] S2. Mix granular fish bladder glue and water in a predetermined ratio, and boil for 1.5 - 2 h at 80 - 90 °C to obtain a fish bladder glue adhesive;

[0012] S3. Add the fish bladder glue adhesive to the base material in a set ratio, and stir evenly to form a homogeneous paste, which is the aging paint skin backfill agent for Chinese lacquer furniture.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the mass ratio of the raw lacquer to the tile ash is 1:0.4 - 0.6; the moisture content of the raw lacquer is ≤8%, and the particle size of the fine tile ash is ≤100 mesh.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, a wet magnetic stirrer is used for stirring, the rotation speed is 400 - 800 rpm, and the time is 10 - 60 min.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the mass ratio of the granular fish bladder glue to the water is 1:4 - 6.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the particle size of the granular fish bladder glue is 5 - 10 mm.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the viscosity of the fish bladder glue adhesive is 2000 - 2500 mPa·s (Brookfield viscometer, rotor LV3, rotation speed 12 rpm).

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the addition amount of the fish bladder glue adhesive is 10 - 40 wt% of the base material, and more preferably 15 wt%.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the stirring speed is 300 - 500 rpm, and the time is 30 - 60 min.

[0020] The present invention also provides a repair method for the aging paint skin of the Chinese lacquer furniture, comprising:

[0021] (1) Clean the warped part of the paint skin to remove loose impurities;

[0022] (2) Inject the backfill agent into the gap between the paint film and the wooden carcass, and the injection pressure is 0.2 - 0.3 MPa;

[0023] (3) Apply pressure for shaping, the pressure is 0.5 - 1.0 kPa, the pressure application time is 20 - 40 min, and then cure.

[0024] Furthermore, the construction parameters for the repair process are as follows: temperature 20 - 40°C, humidity 70% - 100%, curing time 2 - 4 h, and glue application amount 6 - 12 g / m 2 .

[0025] Key technical points of the present invention:

[0026] Blending of fish bladder glue: Enhancing the toughness and water resistance of the material through hydrogen bonding and cross - linking reactions (water absorption rate is only 5.9%).

[0027] Ratio optimization: When the base material LM + 15 wt% fish bladder glue is used through orthogonal experiments, the thermal stability is the best (decomposition temperature 148°C), and the solid content is 67.7%.

[0028] Process parameters: Curing under the conditions of 40°C / 70% humidity, the bonding strength reaches 1.61 MPa, and the waterproof rate is 85.32%.

[0029] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention:

[0030] The present invention discloses a waterproof backfill repair material based on raw lacquer, tile ash, and fish bladder glue. By optimizing the ratio (15 wt% fish bladder glue) and process parameters (40°C / 70% humidity / 4 h curing), the water resistance (water absorption rate 5.9%) and bonding strength (1.61 MPa) are significantly improved, which is suitable for the efficient repair of aged lacquer skins of Ming and Qing dynasty large lacquer furniture.

[0031] Increase in water resistance: The water absorption rate is reduced by 82% compared with traditional lacquer ash (from 30% to 5.9%).

[0032] Enhancement of bonding strength: The dry - state bonding strength is 1.61 MPa (national standard GB / T 9846 - 2015 requires ≥1.2 MPa).

[0033] Improvement of thermal stability: The decomposition temperature is increased to 148°C, and the residue rate is 83.12%. Description of the drawings

[0034] Figure 1 DSC curve analysis of homogeneous pastes formed by different ratios of fish bladder glue and base material LM;

[0035] Figure 2 Infrared analysis of base material LM + 15 wt% fish bladder glue;

[0036] Figure 3 Physical picture of the large lacquer furniture before repair.

[0037] Figure 4 Physical picture of the large lacquer furniture during the repair process.

[0038] Figure 5 Physical picture of the large lacquer furniture after repair. Detailed implementation mode

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] The present invention will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] A preparation method of an aging paint skin backfill agent for large lacquer furniture includes the following steps:

[0043] S1. Refined raw lacquer (water content ≤ 8%) and fine tile ash (particle size ≤ 100 mesh) are mixed at a ratio of 1:0.5, and homogenized by a wet magnetic stirrer (600 rpm, 30 min) to obtain a base material LM;

[0044] S2. Granular fish bladder glue (5 - 10 mm) and deionized water are mixed at a ratio of 1:5, and boiled in a constant temperature water bath at 80 - 90 °C for 1.5 - 2 h until the viscosity reaches 2000 - 2500 mPa·s (Brookfield viscometer, rotor LV3, rotation speed 12 rpm) to obtain a fish bladder glue adhesive;

[0045] S3. The fish bladder glue adhesive is added to the LM base material at 15 wt%, stirred at a speed of 400 rpm for 45 min to form a homogeneous paste with a viscosity of 34.33 s (cup - 4 method), moderate fluidity, and easy to inject and fill.

[0046] Under the conditions of water temperature 25 °C and 144 h (6 d), the water resistance of fish bladder glue adhesive, egg white, and glutinous rice paste was tested, and the water absorption rates are shown in Table 1. The water absorption rate of glutinous rice paste is as high as 30%. Because it is mainly composed of a large amount of hydrophilic substances such as starch, there are relatively large gaps between the molecules of these substances, and water molecules can easily fill them, resulting in a high degree of water absorption. The water absorption rate of egg white is about 21.2%. Because there are many hydrophilic groups on the protein molecular chain of egg white, although the natural conformation of the protein has a certain hindering effect, a certain amount of water is still absorbed unavoidably. While the water absorption rate of fish bladder glue adhesive is only 5.9%. This is because unique organic components inside the fish bladder glue have undergone a deep cross - linking reaction, generating extremely compact hydrophobic regions, a large number of hydrophilic groups are wrapped therein, and at the same time, the constructed tight structure can effectively resist the intrusion and diffusion of water molecules. It can be seen that the fish bladder glue adhesive is far lower than egg white and glutinous rice paste in terms of water absorption rate, indicating that the fish bladder glue adhesive has better water resistance.

[0047] Table 1 Analysis of water absorption rates of three adhesives

[0048]

[0049] From the perspective of the average viscosity of the three materials in Table 2, the average flow time of the fish bladder glue adhesive is 43.33 seconds, which is significantly higher than that of egg white (18.67 seconds) and glutinous rice paste (30 seconds). This indicates that the viscosity of the fish bladder glue is the highest. Under the same test conditions, its fluidity is the worst, and the internal friction of the fluid is relatively large, resulting in slow flow. The viscosity of the glutinous rice paste ranks second, and its average flow time is 30 seconds. This shows that the glutinous rice paste is more fluid than the fish bladder glue but not as fluid as the egg white. The viscosity of the egg white is the lowest, with an average flow time of only 18.67 seconds, indicating that it is the most fluid among the three materials and has the least internal resistance. Based on the differences in the test times, the three test times of the fish bladder glue are 42 seconds, 43 seconds, and 44 seconds respectively, with a difference within 3 seconds, showing relatively good stability. This can indicate that the composition and structure of the fish bladder glue make it less affected by external factors (such as temperature, slight vibration, etc.) during the test, and its properties are relatively stable. The three test times of the egg white are 19 seconds, 19 seconds, and 18 seconds respectively, with a difference also within 2 seconds, also showing good stability. This is because the egg white itself is a relatively homogeneous colloid and can maintain relatively stable properties under the test conditions. The three test times of the glutinous rice paste are 30 seconds, 32 seconds, and 28 seconds respectively, with a difference of 4 seconds. Compared with the former two, the test time of the glutinous rice paste fluctuates slightly larger, which may indicate that the properties of the glutinous rice paste are more affected by external factors or its own internal inhomogeneity (such as particle distribution, etc.), and its stability is slightly worse.

[0050] Table 2 Viscosity Analysis of Three Adhesives

[0051]

[0052] Example 2

[0053] A preparation method of an aging paint skin backfill agent for Chinese lacquer furniture, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1. Refined raw lacquer (water content ≤ 8%) and fine tile ash (particle size ≤ 100 mesh) are mixed at a ratio of 1:0.5 and homogenized by a wet magnetic stirrer (600 rpm, 30 min) to obtain the base material LM;

[0055] S2. Granular fish bladder glue (5 - 10 mm) and deionized water are mixed at a ratio of 1:5, and boiled in a constant temperature water bath at 80 - 90 °C for 1.5 - 2 h until the viscosity reaches 2000 - 2500 mPa·s (Brookfield viscometer, rotor LV3, rotation speed 12 rpm) to obtain the fish bladder glue adhesive;

[0056] S3. Add fish bladder glue adhesive into the LM base material at 0 - 40 wt%, stir at a speed of 400 rpm for 45 min to form a homogeneous paste.

[0057] Table 3 Design of variable content ratio of adhesive

[0058]

[0059] From Figure 1 Analysis shows that when the base material LM + 15 wt% fish bladder glue is used through orthogonal experiments, the thermal stability is the best (decomposition temperature 148 °C) and the solid content is 67.7%.

[0060] From Figure 2 it can be seen that in the wavenumber range of 500 - 4000 cm-1, the transmittance shows obvious fluctuations. The transmittance in the high wavenumber region (3000 - 4000 cm-1) is close to 100%, which means that in this wavenumber range, the sample has less absorption of infrared light. The chemical bonds corresponding to stretching vibrations such as O-H, N-H, and C-H, which are common in this region, may vibrate less or weakly in this sample. In the low wavenumber region (500 - 1500 cm-1), the transmittance changes greatly, indicating that the sample has obvious absorption of infrared light at these wavenumbers. This region usually contains bending vibrations and skeletal vibrations of many functional groups, such as C-C, C-O, C=O, etc., indicating that there are a large number of functional groups in the sample that can generate these vibrations.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] A method for repairing the aged paint film of Chinese lacquer furniture, including:

[0063] (1) Clean the warped part of the paint film and remove loose impurities;

[0064] (2) Inject backfill agent into the gap between the paint film and the wooden carcass, with an injection pressure of 0.2 - 0.3 MPa;

[0065] (3) Press for shaping, with a pressure of 0.5 - 1.0 kPa and a pressing time of 20 - 40 min, and then cure.

[0066] According to the results of single-factor experiments, under the condition of base material LM + 15 wt%, orthogonal experiments are designed with temperature, humidity, curing time, and glue application amount as influencing factors, and the waterproof performance (solid residue amount at 100 °C) and dry-state bonding strength as inspection indicators to determine the best repair process.

[0067] As can be seen from Table 4, in the 16 groups of tests, the dry-state gluing strength reflects the bonding firmness of the material in the dry state. The higher the value, the better the bonding performance, which is crucial for ensuring the structural stability of the material. For example, in the structural framework of lacquer furniture, a higher dry-state gluing strength can effectively enhance the integrity of the structure. The waterproof rate reflects the ability of the material to resist the erosion of high-temperature water, measured by the residual rate of the 100°C sample. The higher the value, the better the waterproof performance.

[0068] Table 4 Orthogonal Test Data Sheet for Backfill Agent Application Process

[0069]

[0070] As shown in Table 4, among the 16 groups of data, the test results of the 13th group are relatively prominent. The temperature of this group of experiments is 40°C, the humidity is 70%, the curing time is 4h, and the glue application amount is 8g / m 2 , the dry-state gluing strength reaches 1.61 MPa, which is the highest value among the 16 groups; the waterproof rate reaches 85.32%, which is also the highest value. This indicates that under this combination of factor levels, the material can simultaneously have good dry-state gluing strength and waterproof rate. From the perspective of temperature, the molecular activity is high at 40°C, promoting the reaction to proceed fully; the 70% humidity environment is conducive to forming a good microstructure; the 4h curing time ensures the completion of the reaction; the 8g / m 2 glue application amount provides appropriate bonding force. If these two performance requirements for the material are relatively high in actual applications, then the combination of factor levels corresponding to the 13th group of experiments can be used as a priority reference.

[0071] Figures 3 to 5 are the physical pictures of the lacquer furniture before and after repair. As can be seen from the pictures, through the backfill agent of the present invention, the goal of "repairing the old as the old" for lacquer furniture is achieved, ensuring that the repaired lacquer furniture can be stored stably for a long time and restoring and protecting its historical and cultural value to the greatest extent.

[0072] In summary, through preliminary experiments, it is proved that fish bladder glue has the best performance as an adhesive. Secondly, through single-factor and orthogonal experiments and comprehensive analysis of various indicators, the data of the 13th group perform the best. The conditions of this group of experiments are temperature 40°C, humidity 70%, curing time 4h, and glue application amount 8g / m 2 . Under these conditions, the dry-state gluing strength reaches 1.61 MPa, and the waterproof rate reaches 85.32%, which are the maximum values in all the experiments, with the best comprehensive performance, effectively resisting the erosion of moisture on the coating layer of Ming and Qing lacquer furniture and reducing the risk of secondary deterioration caused by moisture penetration.

[0073] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art of this technology, the improvements and transformations obtained without departing from the technical concept of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A backfilling agent for aged paint leather of lacquer furniture, characterized in that: It includes raw lacquer, tile ash and fish bladder adhesive, and the mass percentage of each component is: 40-80wt% of raw lacquer, 20-40wt% of tile ash and 10-20wt% of fish bladder adhesive, the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

2. The method for preparing the aged paint backfilling agent for lacquer furniture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, mixing raw lacquer and tile ash according to a set ratio, stirring thoroughly to obtain a homogenized base material; S2, mixing granular fish bladder glue and water in a predetermined ratio, and boiling at 80-90° C. for 1.5-2 hours to obtain fish bladder glue adhesive; S3, adding the fish maw adhesive into the base material according to a set ratio, stirring evenly, and forming a homogeneous paste, which is the aged paint leather backfilling agent for lacquer furniture.

3. The method for preparing the aged paint backfilling agent for lacquer furniture according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the mass ratio of the raw lacquer to the tile ash is 1:0.4-0.6; the water content of the raw lacquer is ≤8%, and the particle size of the fine tile ash is ≤100 mesh.

4. The method for preparing the aged paint backfilling agent for lacquer furniture according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, a wet magnetic stirrer is used for stirring at a rotation speed of 400 to 800 rpm for a time of 10 to 60 minutes.

5. The method for preparing the aged paint backfilling agent for lacquer furniture according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the mass ratio of the granular fish maw gelatin to water is 1:4-6.

6. The method for preparing the aged paint backfilling agent for lacquer furniture according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the particle size of the granular fish maw gelatin is 5 to 10 mm.

7. The method for preparing the aged paint leather backfilling agent for lacquer furniture according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the viscosity of the fish bladder adhesive is 2000-2500 mPa·s.

8. The method for preparing the aged paint leather backfilling agent for lacquer furniture according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the amount of the fish bladder adhesive added is 10-40wt% of the base material.

9. The method for preparing the aged paint leather backfilling agent for lacquer furniture according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the stirring speed is 300-500 rpm, and the time is 30-60 min.

10. A method for repairing aged paint leather of lacquer furniture, characterized in that: include: (1) Clean the warped parts of the paint and remove loose impurities; (2) injecting the backfilling agent according to any one of claims 1 to 8 into the gap between the paint film and the wood base, with an injection pressure of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa; (3) Pressurizing and shaping at a pressure of 0.5 to 1.0 kPa for 20 to 40 minutes, followed by curing.

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