Device and method for dynamically monitoring root system-hypha growth barrier and biological effect of root system-hypha growth barrier

Abstract

The invention discloses a root system-hypha growth barrier and biological effect dynamic monitoring device and method.The root system-hypha growth barrier and biological effect dynamic monitoring device comprises three independent barrier devices, each barrier device comprises an outer barrier net, an inner barrier net and a bottom net, the outer barrier nets of the three independent barrier devices are consistent in specification, and the inner barrier nets of the three independent barrier devices are not consistent in specification; the outer blocking net blocks external root systems and hyphae from entering, the three inner blocking nets allow the root systems and the hyphae to penetrate through, only the hyphae can penetrate through, the root systems and the hyphae cannot penetrate through the inner nets, and therefore different blocking effects and directional research on the target root systems of a certain tree species are achieved. Soil nutrient sensors are arranged in the same direction between the inner net and the outer net of each independent blocking device, corresponding root system and hypha effect long-term dynamic monitoring is achieved through subtraction of carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus cycle related indexes of soil samples in the three independent blocking devices, the root system and fungal biomass is measured, and through a calculation formula, the root system and fungal biomass can be obtained. The root system effect and the hypha effect are quantified to unit biomass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the ecological technical field related to the research of plant roots and soil, and more specifically, to an in-situ cultivation and monitoring system for the root-soil interface under field conditions, especially a root-hypha growth barrier device and a dynamic monitoring method for distinguishing the root effects and hypha effects of a specific plant. Background Art

[0002] Rhizosphere and hyphosphere are two important regions of the plant root-soil interaction interface, and plant roots and hyphae have key effects on the soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling. Current research on root and hypha effects mainly focuses on the forest ecosystem scale, and the ingrowth cores or root bags are randomly arranged in plots, waiting for roots and hyphae to actively grow into them. However, the roots or hyphae that enter the growth bags may come from multiple trees or understory shrubs and herbs in the ecosystem. When the research becomes more refined, especially focused on the tree species scale, it becomes a research difficulty to focus on the roots of the target tree in the complex forest ecosystem and eliminate the influence of other shrub and herb roots. The traditional methods cannot ensure obtaining the target roots and are no longer applicable.

[0003] Traditional methods mostly follow the pattern of experimental layout - field cultivation - sample collection, that is, one-time sample collection, which cannot achieve the continuous long-term monitoring of the effects of plant roots and hyphae on the soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling. In addition, the current experimental settings and research related to root and hypha pathways can only solve the problem of "what effects do roots and hyphae have on the soil", that is, to explore the differential performance of soil indicators under the conditions of having or not having roots / hyphae. It cannot solve the problem of "how much roots and hyphae have how much effect on the soil", that is, it cannot quantitatively determine the specific root effects and hypha effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a root-soil interface in-situ cultivation and dynamic monitoring device for tree species scale and capable of effectively distinguishing root and hypha effects under field conditions. Using the device of the present invention can ensure the targeted research on the roots of a certain tree species, effectively distinguish the effects of root pathways and hypha pathways on the soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, and conduct continuous long-term monitoring. In addition, through specific calculation methods, the root effects and mycorrhizal effects can be quantified.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A root-hypha growth barrier and its biological effect dynamic monitoring device, comprising: a barrier device one, a barrier device two, a barrier device three, a soil nutrient sensor, and a data collector;

[0007] The barrier device one includes an outer barrier net one and an inner barrier net one that are coaxially arranged and have an open top, and the bottom surfaces of the outer barrier net one and the inner barrier net one are closed by a bottom net one;

[0008] The second barrier device includes an outer barrier net two and an inner barrier net two which are coaxially arranged and have an open top end, and the bottom surfaces of the outer barrier net two and the inner barrier net two are closed by a bottom net two;

[0009] The third barrier device includes an outer barrier net three and an inner barrier net three which are coaxially arranged and have an open top end, and the bottom surfaces of the outer barrier net three and the inner barrier net three are closed by a bottom net three;

[0010] Three soil nutrient sensors are provided, and are respectively installed at the same positions between the outer barrier net one and the inner barrier net one, between the outer barrier net two and the inner barrier net two, and between the outer barrier net three and the inner barrier net three;

[0011] The data collector is electrically connected to the three soil nutrient sensors.

[0012] Preferably, the pore sizes of the outer barrier net one, the outer barrier net two, the outer barrier net three, the bottom net one, the bottom net two, and the bottom net three are all 1 μm.

[0013] Preferably, the pore size of the inner barrier net one is 2000 μm, the pore size of the inner barrier net two is 50 μm, and the pore size of the inner barrier net three is 1 μm.

[0014] The three inner barrier nets specified by the above specifications respectively allow the roots and hyphae to pass through, only the hyphae to pass through, and neither the roots nor the hyphae to pass through the inner net, that is, three different treatment groups are obtained, between the inner and outer barrier nets: both roots and hyphae exist, only hyphae exist, and neither roots nor hyphae exist.

[0015] Preferably, the outer barrier net one, the inner barrier net one, the outer barrier net two, the inner barrier net two, the outer barrier net three, the inner barrier net three, the bottom net one, the bottom net two, and the bottom net three are all made of nylon or polyester.

[0016] Preferably, the top ends of the outer barrier net one, the inner barrier net one, the outer barrier net two, the inner barrier net two, the outer barrier net three, and the inner barrier net three are all provided with sealing laces.

[0017] Preferably, the diameters of the outer barrier nets one, two, and three are 10 cm and the heights are 30 cm, and the diameters of the inner barrier nets one, two, and three are 5 cm and the heights are 30 cm.

[0018] Preferably, the soil nutrient sensor is composed of a stainless steel probe and a body, the body contains a low-power sensitive chip, and the outside is sealed with flame-retardant epoxy resin.

[0019] A method for dynamically monitoring the biological effects of root-hypha growth by using the device described in the above technical solution includes the following steps:

[0020] (1) After determining the target tree, use the root tracing method to trace along the thick lateral roots in the surface soil near the tree trunk, dig out the complete living roots, dig a soil pit with the same specifications as the device near the living roots, and place the device into it;

[0021] (2) After washing the living roots with distilled water, transfer them into the inner barrier net, fill it with the dug natural forest soil. After the inner barrier net is filled, fill the middle part between the inner barrier net and the outer barrier net, and then bury the soil nutrient sensor and seal it;

[0022] (3) After culturing for a sufficient time according to the research purpose, collect the samples, cut open the outer barrier net, collect the soil samples between the inner and outer barrier nets, pick out the roots, measure the root biomass, and use the phospholipid fatty acid biomarker method to measure the fungal biomass.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (2), since the nutrient sensor is connected to the data collector, automatic data collection and storage can be carried out. The long-term dynamic monitoring of root and hyphal effects can be realized by subtracting the relevant indicators of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling of the three barrier devices.

[0024] The specific calculation method in step (3) is as follows:

[0025] Subtract the relevant indicators of soil material cycling of barrier device two from those of barrier device three, and then divide by the fungal biomass of barrier device two to obtain the quantified hyphal effect;

[0026] Subtract the product of the quantified hyphal effect and the fungal biomass of barrier device two from the relevant indicators of barrier device one, then subtract the product of the quantified hyphal effect and the fungal biomass of barrier device one, and then divide by the root biomass of barrier device one to obtain the quantified root effect.

[0027] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a root-hypha growth barrier and its dynamic monitoring method for biological effects, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention first digs out the complete living roots of the target tree, then places them in the barrier device and fills them with natural forest soil for cultivation, realizing directional research at the tree species scale and excluding the root interference outside the target tree;

[0029] By setting the aperture gradient of the inner barrier net, different barrier effects on plant roots and mycorrhizae are achieved. The inner barrier net with an aperture of 2000μm allows roots and hyphae to pass through and enter the space between the inner and outer barrier nets; the inner barrier net with an aperture of 50μm only allows hyphae to pass through and enter the space between the inner and outer barrier nets; the inner barrier net with an aperture of 1μm makes it impossible for roots and hyphae to pass through. Thus, the three separate barrier devices form three different treatment groups, and the root effect and hyphal effect can be obtained by subtraction between groups.

[0030] Combined with intelligent tools such as sensors, data acquisition systems, and cloud platforms, automatic data collection and storage can be achieved, especially for long-term dynamic monitoring of root and mycelium effects.

[0031] The barrier net allows water vapor exchange, and the soil inside and outside the device is in a uniform environment, achieving minimal interference in in-situ cultivation in the wild and the best restoration of the natural environment in the wild.

[0032] By measuring and calculating a series of indicators, the root effect and mycelium effect are quantified, and the measurement is more accurate, providing precise support for subsequent model simulation and prediction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0034] Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is the connection diagram of the data acquisition system;

[0036] In the figure, 1, outer barrier net one; 2, inner barrier net one; 3, bottom net one; 4, outer barrier net two; 5, inner barrier net two; 6, bottom net two; 7, outer barrier net three; 8, inner barrier net three; 9, bottom net three; 10, lacing; 11, soil nutrient sensor; 12, data collector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] As shown in the Figure 1-2 drawing, the root-mycelium growth barrier and its dynamic biological effect monitoring device includes: a barrier device one, a barrier device two, a barrier device three, a soil nutrient sensor 11, and a data collector 12;

[0039] The barrier device one includes an outer barrier net one 1 and an inner barrier net one 2 that are coaxially arranged and have an open top, and the bottom surfaces of the outer barrier net one 1 and the inner barrier net one 2 are closed by a bottom net one 3;

[0040] The second barrier device includes an outer barrier net two 4 and an inner barrier net two 5 which are coaxially arranged and have open tops, and the bottom surfaces of the outer barrier net two 4 and the inner barrier net two 5 are closed by a bottom net two 6;

[0041] The third barrier device includes an outer barrier net three 7 and an inner barrier net three 8 which are coaxially arranged and have open tops, and the bottom surfaces of the outer barrier net three 7 and the inner barrier net three 8 are closed by a bottom net three 9;

[0042] There are three soil nutrient sensors 11, which are respectively installed at the same positions between the outer barrier net one 1 and the inner barrier net one 2, between the outer barrier net two 4 and the inner barrier net two 5, and between the outer barrier net three 7 and the inner barrier net three 8;

[0043] The data collector 12 is electrically connected to the three soil nutrient sensors 11;

[0044] Among them, the pore diameters of the outer barrier net one 1, the outer barrier net two 4, the outer barrier net three 7 and the bottom net one 3, the bottom net two 6, the bottom net three 9 are all 1μm, the pore diameter of the inner barrier net one 2 is 2000μm, the pore diameter of the inner barrier net two 5 is 50μm, and the pore diameter of the inner barrier net three 8 is 1μm.

[0045] Sealing laces 10 are provided at the tops of the outer barrier net one 1, the inner barrier net one 2, the outer barrier net two 4, the inner barrier net two 5, the outer barrier net three 7, and the inner barrier net three 8.

[0046] In some more specific technical solutions, the outer barrier net one 1, the inner barrier net one 2, the outer barrier net two 4, the inner barrier net two 5, the outer barrier net three 7, the inner barrier net three 8, the bottom net one 3, the bottom net two 6, and the bottom net three 9 are all made of nylon or polyester materials, but not limited to this. As long as they are synthetic fibers with high strength, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, water-permeable and air-permeable, they can meet the requirements of this device.

[0047] The outer barrier net one 1, the outer barrier net two 4, and the outer barrier net three 7 have a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 30 cm, and the inner barrier net one 2, the inner barrier net two 5, and the inner barrier net three 8 have a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 30 cm.

[0048] In some more specific technical solutions, the soil nutrient sensor is composed of a stainless steel probe and a body. The body contains a low-power sensitive chip and is sealed with flame-retardant epoxy resin. Specifically, the model can be: JXBS-3001-NPK (Jingxun Changtong Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0049] The specific implementation operation steps are as follows:

[0050] S1: After determining the target tree, first use the root tracing method to trace along the thick lateral roots in the surface soil near the tree trunk and dig out about 25 cm of intact living roots (diameter < 2 mm, including 5th-level roots). When digging, try to retain the attached soil as much as possible to reduce damage to the root system.

[0051] S2: Dig a soil pit with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 30 cm near the dug intact living roots. Use a solid plastic cylinder with a diameter of 10 cm to level the soil pit, then place the barrier device into it, making the device about 5 cm higher than the soil pit for easy sealing.

[0052] S3: Carefully rinse the intact living roots with distilled water, then transfer them to the inner barrier net, fill it with the pre-prepared natural forest soil, then fill the middle part between the inner and outer barrier nets as usual, then bury the soil nutrient sensor, seal it with a tie, cover it with soil and litter, and make marks. The filling amount of soil is calculated based on the average soil bulk density of the surface soil of the test site and the volume of the root bag.

[0053] S4: According to the research purpose, after culturing for a sufficient time, collect samples. Cut the roots along the upper part of the tie, bring the whole barrier device back to the laboratory, cut open the outer barrier net, collect the soil samples between the inner and outer barrier nets, carefully pick out the roots, measure the root biomass, and use the phospholipid fatty acid biomarker method to measure the fungal biomass.

[0054] The specific calculation is as follows: Subtract the soil material cycle-related indicators of barrier device three from the soil material cycle-related indicators of barrier device two, and then divide by the fungal biomass of barrier device two to obtain the quantified hyphal effect.

[0055] Subtract the product of the quantified hyphal effect and the fungal biomass of barrier device two from the related indicators of barrier device one, then subtract the product of the quantified hyphal effect and the fungal biomass of barrier device one, and then divide by the root biomass of barrier device one to obtain the quantified root effect. Thus, more accurate calculation and quantification of root and hyphal effects can be achieved.

[0056] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method part.

[0057] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A root-hyphae growth barrier and a dynamic monitoring device for its biological effect, characterized in that: include: Barrier device 1, barrier device 2, barrier device 3, soil nutrient sensor and data collector; The barrier device 1 comprises an outer barrier net 1 and an inner barrier net 1 which are coaxially arranged and have an open top, and the bottom surfaces of the outer barrier net 1 and the inner barrier net 1 are closed by a bottom net 1; The second barrier device comprises an outer barrier net 2 and an inner barrier net 2 which are coaxially arranged and have an opening at the top, and the bottom surfaces of the outer barrier net 2 and the inner barrier net 2 are sealed by a bottom net 2; The barrier device 3 comprises an outer barrier net 3 and an inner barrier net 3 which are coaxially arranged and open at the top, and the bottom surfaces of the outer barrier net 3 and the inner barrier net 3 are sealed by a bottom net 3; The soil nutrient sensors are provided in three locations, which are respectively installed at the same positions between the outer barrier net 1 and the inner barrier net 1, between the outer barrier net 2 and the inner barrier net 2, and between the outer barrier net 3 and the inner barrier net 3; The data collector is electrically connected to the three soil nutrient sensors.

2. A root-hyphae growth barrier and its biological effect dynamic monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pore sizes of the outer barrier net 1, the outer barrier net 2, the outer barrier net 3 and the bottom net 1, the bottom net 2, the bottom net 3 are all 1 μm.

3. A root-hyphae growth barrier and its biological effect dynamic monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pore size of the first inner barrier net is 2000 μm, the pore size of the second inner barrier net is 50 μm, and the pore size of the third inner barrier net is 1 μm.

4. A root-hyphae growth barrier and its biological effect dynamic monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer barrier net 1, inner barrier net 1, outer barrier net 2, inner barrier net 2, outer barrier net 3, inner barrier net 3, bottom net 1, bottom net 2 and bottom net 3 are all made of nylon or polyester.

5. A root-hyphae growth barrier and its biological effect dynamic monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top ends of the outer barrier net 1, the inner barrier net 1, the outer barrier net 2, the inner barrier net 2, the outer barrier net 3 and the inner barrier net 3 are all provided with sealing ties.

6. A root-hyphae growth barrier and its biological effect dynamic monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil nutrient sensor consists of a stainless steel probe and a body. The body contains a low-power sensitive chip and is sealed with a flame-retardant epoxy resin on the outside.

7. A method for dynamically monitoring the biological effect of root-hyphae growth using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) After determining the target tree, use the root tracing method to trace the thick lateral roots in the surface soil near the trunk, dig out the complete living roots, dig a pit with the same specifications as the device near the living roots, and place the device; (2) After washing the living roots with distilled water, transfer them to the inner barrier net and fill them with excavated natural forest soil. After the inner barrier net is filled, fill the middle part between the inner barrier net and the outer barrier net, and then bury the soil nutrient sensor and seal it; (3) After culturing for a sufficient period of time according to the research purpose, collect samples, cut the outer barrier net, collect soil samples between the inner and outer barrier nets, pick out the roots, measure the root biomass, and use the phospholipid fatty acid biomarker method to measure the fungal biomass.

8. A method for dynamic monitoring of root-hyphae growth biological effects according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific calculation method in step (3) is: The soil material cycle related index of barrier device 2 minus the soil material cycle related index of barrier device 3, and then divided by the fungal biomass of barrier device 2 to obtain the quantitative hyphae effect; The relevant index of barrier device 1 minus the product of the obtained quantitative mycelium effect and the fungal biomass of barrier device 2, minus the product of the obtained quantitative mycelium effect and the fungal biomass of barrier device 1, and then divided by the root biomass of barrier device 1 to obtain the quantitative root effect.

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