Heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device and recovery method

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device and method, the recovery device comprises a main tank body, the main tank body comprises an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is internally provided with a supporting part, and the supporting part is provided with a material frame for placing a metal net adhered with heavy rare earth metal powder; a plurality of pipeline connectors are arranged on the main tank body; the lower part comprises a large end and a small end, the large end is connected with the upper part, the large end is connected with the small end through a guide inclined surface, and a vibration part is arranged on the guide inclined surface and is used for vibrating and knocking the side wall of the main tank body; and a material inlet of the recycling tank body is connected with a material outlet of the main tank body. The heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device can completely recover heavy rare earth metal powder adhered to a metal net, and the recovered heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder is low in oxygen content and can be reused in subsequent grain boundary permeation, so that heavy rare earth resources are efficiently utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet materials, and specifically relates to a device for recovering heavy rare earth metal powder, and a method for recovering heavy rare earth metal powder based on this device for recovering heavy rare earth metal powder. Background Art

[0002] Sintered neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) is currently the rare earth permanent magnet material with the strongest magnetic properties. For high remanence and high coercivity magnets (such as 45UH, 48UH, 50UH, etc.), based on cost requirements, the heavy rare earth grain boundary diffusion and penetration process is currently often used. Generally, during operation, a heavy rare earth (commonly dysprosium and terbium heavy rare earths) or a heavy rare earth alloy is coated or applied on the surface of the substrate magnet. Under vacuum and high temperature conditions, the heavy rare earth elements penetrate and diffuse into the internal grain boundaries of the magnet, thereby improving the coercivity of the magnet. To prevent adhesion between products during the high-temperature penetration process, a metal mesh (such as a molybdenum mesh, etc.) is usually used to place the products (such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown), so that the products are isolated from each other. However, while the heavy rare earth diffuses into the magnet internally at high temperature, a small part also adheres to the metal mesh belt. When the metal mesh is continuously used later, the heavy rare earth metal on the mesh belt (after multiple contacts with air, the heavy rare earth magnetic powder absorbs moisture and the oxygen content increases) will diffuse into the magnet internally again, affecting the magnetic properties of the magnet and reducing the penetration effect. Therefore, the metal mesh must be cleaned before being recycled.

[0003] For these metal meshes, the currently commonly used method is to polish and knock them mechanically in the atmosphere or in a box to peel off the heavy rare earth metal powder from the metal mesh. The heavy rare earth metal powder heats up and absorbs oxygen due to polishing or knocking, resulting in an increase in the oxygen content of the recovered heavy rare earth metal powder. When it is reused as screen printing powder, it will reduce the magnetic properties of the penetrated magnet, and the heavy rare earth metal powder may oxidize and burn during the polishing process, causing safety accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the primary object of this application is to provide a device for recovering heavy rare earth metal powder, which can completely recover the heavy rare earth metal powder, is safe during the recovery process, and the oxygen content of the recovered heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder is low, and it can be reused in subsequent grain boundary penetration, realizing the efficient utilization of heavy rare earth resources.

[0005] To achieve the above object, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] One aspect of this application provides a device for recovering heavy rare earth metal powder, including:

[0007] A main tank body, the upper and lower parts are included on the main tank body, a supporting part is arranged inside the upper part, a material frame is placed on the supporting part, and the material frame is used for placing a metal mesh adhered with heavy rare earth metal powder; several pipeline interfaces are arranged on the main tank body, and the pipeline interfaces are respectively connected with a vacuum pipeline, an inert gas pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline, a cooling water inlet pipeline and a cooling water outlet pipeline; the lower part includes a large end and a small end, the large end is connected with the upper part, the large end and the small end are connected through a guiding inclined surface, and a vibrating part is arranged on the guiding inclined surface for vibrating and knocking the side wall of the main tank body;

[0008] And a recovery tank body, the feed inlet of the recovery tank body is connected with the discharge outlet of the main tank body.

[0009] In a further solution, the supporting part is a hollow platform, so as to facilitate the heavy rare earth metal powder in the material frame to smoothly enter the recovery tank body from the main tank body. In the present application, the hollow platform refers to a platform provided with through holes or a mesh structure. Preferably, the supporting part is a mesh platform.

[0010] In a further solution, preferably, the material frame is evenly divided into several accommodating parts. Specifically, the material frame is separated to form several accommodating spaces, and the metal meshes adhered with heavy rare earth metal powder are separated and placed, so as to improve the sufficiency of subsequent reactions. Preferably, each accommodating part can accommodate a metal mesh of heavy rare earth metal powder. In addition, in some specific embodiments of the present application, through holes are provided on the outer side wall or the inner partition wall of the material frame to further facilitate the reaction gas to enter the material frame and improve the reactivity of the reaction gas with the heavy rare earth metal on the metal mesh.

[0011] In a further solution, a cover body and a fastener are arranged on the upper part. The cover body is used for sealing the main tank body, and the fastener is used for locking the cover body and the main tank body. Specifically, the main tank body is sealed by the cover body, and there are no special restrictions or requirements on the connection manner between the cover body and the main tank body, and the conventional manner in the art can be adopted. In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the connection manner between the cover body and the main tank body is hinged. The fastener is a fastening rod, and the cover body and the main tank body are fastened by the fastening rod. Preferably, first sealing members, such as elastic sealing rings, are arranged on the inner surface of the cover body and the upper end surface of the main tank body. Through such a design, the sealing performance between the cover body and the main tank body can be improved.

[0012] In a further solution, in the present application, the angle of the guiding inclined surface can be designed as required without special limitation, as long as the hydrogenated heavy rare earth metal powder can smoothly enter the recovery tank body. In some specific embodiments of the present application, the guiding inclined surface forms an angle of 75° with the horizontal plane, so as to facilitate the hydrogenated heavy rare earth magnetic powder falling off the metal mesh to fall into the recovery tank body.

[0013] In a further aspect, the vibration part refers to any component in the art that can strike the guiding inclined plane through vibration, so that the hydrogenated heavy rare earth magnetic powder on the side falls into the recovery tank. In some specific embodiments of the present application, the vibration part is a pneumatic hammer. Among them, there are no special requirements for the angle and number of the vibration parts, and they can be set and adjusted according to needs, for example, based on the angle of the guiding inclined plane, so that the hydrogenated heavy rare earth magnetic powder on the side can smoothly enter the recovery tank. In some specific embodiments of the present application, the number of the vibration parts is three, and the intervals between them are equal. The vibration parts are arranged at an angle of 120° with the horizontal plane.

[0014] In a further aspect, a first valve and a second valve are respectively provided at the discharge port of the main tank and the feed port of the recovery tank, so as to facilitate separating the main tank and the recovery tank from each other. For example, by closing the first valve of the main tank and the second valve of the recovery tank, the protective gas in the recovery tank can be kept as an inert gas, while hydrogen is introduced into the main tank as the main reaction gas to react with the heavy rare earth magnetic powder in the main tank.

[0015] In a further aspect, second seals are respectively provided at the end faces of the discharge port of the main tank and the feed port of the recovery tank, so as to increase the sealing performance after the main tank is evacuated. The second seal is the same as or similar to the first seal. In some examples, both are elastic sealing rings.

[0016] Another aspect of the present application provides a method for recovering heavy rare earth metal powder, which is carried out based on the heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device described above, and includes the following steps:

[0017] Place the metal mesh adhered with heavy rare earth metal powder in the material frame, and place the material frame in the main tank, and at the same time lock and seal the main tank; Connect the main tank and the recovery tank, evacuate the main tank and the recovery tank, and stop when the vacuum degree of the main tank is less than 0.1 Pa;

[0018] Fill the main tank and the recovery tank with an inert gas so that the pressure of the inert gas does not exceed 50 KPa;

[0019] Separate the main tank and the recovery tank into independent spaces, fill the main tank with hydrogen so that the pressure of the mixed gas of hydrogen and inert gas in the main tank does not exceed 0.098 MPa, and at the same time turn on the cooling water to cool the main tank. The hydrogen reacts with the heavy rare earth metal powder on the metal mesh to form heavy rare earth metal hydride powder, which falls to the bottom of the main tank;

[0020] When the pressure of the mixed gas of hydrogen and inert gas in the main tank remains at 0.095 MPa and no longer decreases, the reaction ends. Connect the main tank and the recovery tank, turn on the vibration part to vibrate and strike the side wall of the main tank, so that the heavy rare earth hydride powder on the side wall and the bottom of the main tank enters the recovery tank.

[0021] Advantages of this application:

[0022] This application provides a heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device and a recovery method. Through this heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device, a hydrogen absorption reaction can be carried out on the heavy rare earth metal powder in the main tank to form heavy rare earth metal powder. At the same time, with the structural design at the lower part of the main tank, the heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder on the metal mesh can be recovered. And multiple pipeline interfaces are provided in the main tank, which can fill the main tank with inert gas to control the reaction rate of heavy rare earth and hydrogen. At the same time, in the recovery tank, the inert gas can be used as a protective gas to protect the recovered heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder.

[0023] Through the heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device and recovery method of this application, not only the recovery is more thorough, the operation is convenient and safe, but also the oxygen content of the recovered heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder is low, which can be reused again in grain boundary penetration, effectively improving the heavy rare earth resources. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a physical photo of the magnet placement state in the current heavy rare earth grain boundary diffusion and penetration process.

[0025] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the magnet placement state in the heavy rare earth grain boundary diffusion and penetration process in

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device in a preferred embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 a schematic internal structure diagram of the heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device in

[0028] Figure 5 It is Figure 3 a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the main tank 1 and the recovery tank 2 in

[0029] Figure 6 It is Figure 3 a schematic structure diagram of the material frame 14 in

[0030] Figure 7 It is Figure 3 a schematic structure diagram of the recovery tank 2 in

[0031] In the figure: 1 - main tank body, 11 - upper part, 12 - lower part, 121 - large end, 122 - small end, 123 - guiding inclined plane, 13 - supporting part, 14 - material frame, 141 - through hole, 15 - vibrating part, 16 - cover body, 161 - fastener; 2 - recovery tank body; 31 - vacuum pipeline, 32 - inert gas pipeline, 33 - hydrogen pipeline, 34 - cooling water inlet pipeline, 35 - cooling water outlet pipeline; 41 - first valve, 42 - second valve; 51 - first seal, 52 - second seal. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] The implementation manners of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. The technical solutions in the following described implementation manners are exemplary and only possible technical implementations of the present application, not all possible implementations. Those skilled in the art can fully combine the implementation manners of the present application and obtain other implementation manners without creative labor, and these implementation manners are also within the protection scope of the present application.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used in the specification of this application herein are only for the purpose of describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit this application.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] In this embodiment, a heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device is first provided, and its structure is as Figure 1 shown. The heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device includes a main tank body 1 and a recovery tank body 2. The discharge port of the main tank body 1 is connected to the feed port of the recovery tank body 2, so that the processed heavy rare earth metal powder in the main tank body 1 can be recovered into the recovery tank body 2.

[0036] The main tank body 1 includes an upper part 11 and a lower part 12, and the upper part 11 and the lower part 12 are butted and communicate with each other. Among them, the upper part 11 provides a space for accommodating a metal mesh (such as a molybdenum mesh) adhered with heavy rare earth metal powder, so that the metal mesh can react or be processed therein; specifically, a supporting part 13 is provided in the upper part 11, and a material frame 14 is placed on the supporting part 13, and the material frame 14 is used for placing the metal mesh. In the embodiment of the present application, the supporting part 13 is a hollow platform or a mesh structure, so as to facilitate the heavy rare earth hydride powder peeled off from the metal mesh to smoothly enter the recovery tank body 2.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present application, the interior of the material frame 14 is partitioned into several independent spaces, so that the metal meshes can be placed separately, facilitating sufficient reaction. In addition, a number of through holes 141 are provided on the side wall of the material frame 14, facilitating sufficient contact between the reaction gas and the heavy rare earth metal powder. The bottom of the material frame 14 is hollowed out or reticular. Specifically, it can support the metal mesh and at the same time enable the heavy rare earth metal powder on the metal mesh to fall into the recovery tank 2.

[0038] The lower part 12 includes opposite large end 121 and small end 122. The large end 121 is connected to the upper part 11, and the large end 121 and the small end 122 are connected by a guiding inclined surface 123, so that the lower part 12 is in a funnel shape, facilitating the guiding of the heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder from the upper part 11 into the recovery tank 2; it can be understood that the inclination angle of the guiding inclined surface 123 is not particularly limited and can be adjusted as needed. In this embodiment, the included angle between the guiding inclined surface 123 and the horizontal plane is 75°, facilitating the falling of the exfoliated heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder into the recovery tank 2. Further, a number of vibration parts 15 are provided on the inner surface of the guiding inclined surface 123. The specific number can be selected as needed. In this embodiment, three vibration parts 15 are evenly provided and the intervals between each vibration part 15 are equal. The vibration parts 15 are used to vibrate the side wall of the main tank body 1, so that the heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder falling on the guiding inclined surface 123 can be shaken off into the recovery tank 2. Specifically, the angle of the vibration part 15 can be set as needed. In this implementation, the included angle between the vibration part 15 and the horizontal plane is 120°, facilitating the shaking off of the heavy rare earth magnetic powder on the side wall into the recovery tank 2. It can be understood that the vibration part 15 can be any common component in the art. In this embodiment, the vibration part 15 used is a pneumatic vibrator hammer, but it is not limited thereto.

[0039] Further, a plurality of pipe interfaces are provided on the main tank body 1 for connecting the main tank body 1 with external pipes or equipment to supply reaction gases and the like into the main tank body 1. In this embodiment, preferably, these pipe interfaces are provided on the side wall of the main tank body 1. Specifically, a vacuum pipe 31, an inert gas pipe 32, and a hydrogen pipe 33 are connected to the main tank body 1. A cooling water inlet pipe 34 and a cooling water outlet pipe 35 are also connected to the main tank body 1. Among them, the vacuum pipe 31 is used to evacuate the main tank body 1 to ensure the vacuum environment inside the main tank body 1. The inert gas pipe 32 is used to introduce a protective gas into the main tank body 1 to prevent the heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder in the main tank body 1 from being oxidized. The introduced inert gas is a well-known protective gas in the art, such as a noble gas. In this embodiment, the introduced protective gas is argon. The hydrogen pipe 33 is used to introduce hydrogen into the main tank body 1. Hydrogen can react with the heavy rare earth metal powder on the metal mesh as a reaction gas to generate heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder. Since the hydrogen absorption reaction between the heavy rare earth metal powder and hydrogen will release heat, in this embodiment, by providing the cooling water inlet pipe 34 and the cooling water outlet pipe 35, the main tank body 1 is cooled to improve the safety of the entire recovery process.

[0040] Further, a cover body 16 is provided on the upper part 11 of the main tank body 1. The cover body 16 is used to seal the main tank body 1, thereby realizing the sealing of the main tank body 1. There is no special requirement for the connection method between the cover body 16 and the main tank body 1, and it can be a common method in the art. In this embodiment, preferably, the cover body 16 is hinged to the main tank body 1. At the same time, a fastener 161 is provided on the upper part 11 of the main tank body 1. The fastener 161 is located on the main tank body 1 and on the side away from the hinged end of the cover body 16. After the cover body 16 seals the main tank body 1, the cover body 16 and the main tank body 1 are fastened and locked through the fastener 161. Further, first sealing members 51 are provided on the upper end surface of the upper part 11 and the inner surface of the cover body 16 to increase the sealing performance of the main tank body 1.

[0041] The recovery tank body 2 and the main tank body 1 can be directly connected. However, preferably, in this embodiment, a first valve 41 and a second valve 42 are respectively provided at the discharge port of the main tank body 1 and the feed port of the recovery tank body 2, so as to facilitate the isolation of the main tank body 1 and the recovery tank body 2. Specifically, after the recovery tank body 2 is filled with an inert gas, the first valve 41 and the second valve 42 can be closed to separate it from the main tank body 1. Reaction gas hydrogen is introduced into the main tank body 1 for reaction, while the recovered heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder in the recovery tank body 2 can be protected. Further, second sealing members 52 are respectively provided on the end faces of the discharge port of the main tank body 1 and the feed port of the recovery tank body 2, so as to increase the sealing performance of the main tank body 1 and the recovery tank body 2, and at the same time enable the main tank body 1 and the recovery tank body 2 to be better connected, and improve the sealing performance of the main tank body 1 after evacuation.

[0042] Among them, both the first seal 51 and the second seal 52 are conventional sealing elements in the art, for example, they can be elastic sealing rings.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] In this embodiment, a method for recovering heavy rare earth metals is provided, which is based on the heavy rare earth metal recovery device described above. The specific steps are as follows:

[0045] Connect the main tank 1 to an external vacuum pump through the vacuum pipeline 31. The vacuum pump evacuates the main tank 1 and the recovery tank 2. After the vacuum degree of the main tank 1 is lower than 0.1 Pa, stop evacuating.

[0046] Fill argon into the main tank 1 and the recovery tank 2 through the inert gas pipeline 32 at 50 kPa. Control the reaction rate of hydrogen and heavy rare earth metal powder by filling argon. At the same time, argon acts as a protective gas to protect the heavy rare earth hydride powder in the main tank 1 and the recovery tank 2 from being oxidized.

[0047] Close the first valve 41 at the discharge port of the main tank 1 and the second valve 42 at the feed port of the recovery tank 2. Open the hydrogen pipeline 33 to fill hydrogen into the main tank 1, and control the pressure of hydrogen and argon in the main tank 1 not to exceed 0.098 MPa; hydrogen acts as a reaction gas and reacts with the heavy rare earth metal powder on the metal mesh in the material frame 14 to form heavy rare earth hydride powder; since the heavy rare earth hydrogen absorption reaction releases heat, therefore, cool the main tank 1 through the cooling water inlet pipeline 34 and the cooling water outlet pipeline 35 at the same time.

[0048] The formed heavy rare earth hydride powder drops from the metal mesh. Since the bottom of the material frame 14 is meshed, the formed heavy rare earth hydride powder can drop to the bottom of the main tank 1. When the pressure of the argon and hydrogen mixed gas in the main tank 1 remains at 0.095 MPa and no longer decreases (the heavy rare earth hydrogen absorption reaction forms heavy rare earth hydride, consuming hydrogen, and the pressure of the mixed gas in the main tank 1 will decrease), the reaction ends. Open the first valve 41 at the discharge port of the main tank 1 and the second valve 42 at the feed port of the recovery tank 2, and at the same time open the vibration part 15 to vibrate and knock on the side wall of the main tank 1, so that the heavy rare earth hydride powder on the side wall and bottom of the main tank 1 enters the recovery tank 2.

[0049] In the whole recovery process, since the heavy rare earth metal powder in the metal mesh reacts with hydrogen under low oxygen conditions (high vacuum degree of the main tank 1) to form heavy rare earth hydride powder, it is completely recovered. At the same time, the oxygen content of the recovered heavy rare earth hydride powder is low, and the heavy rare earth hydride powder can be reused in the subsequent infiltration process, realizing the efficient utilization of heavy rare earth resources.

[0050] Comparative Example

[0051] In this comparative example, the traditional process was used to recover heavy rare earth metal powder, that is, the Tb powder on the recovery metal mesh was peeled off by grinding and knocking, and then the recovered Tb powder was subjected to hydrogen crushing treatment. Among them, the specific parameters of the hydrogen crushing process were kept the same as those of the tank body hydrogen absorption process in Example 2 to obtain terbium hydride TbH powder.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] In this example, the molybdenum meshes (adhering to heavy rare earth Tb powder) recovered in multiple batches in the grain boundary diffusion process were recovered according to the recovery method of Example 2, and at the same time, the powder recovered by the method in the comparative example was used as a control.

[0054] The oxygen content of the recovered TbH powder was tested. The test instrument was an EMGA-830 oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen tester, and the test method used was the inert gas fusion-infrared absorption method (IGA) well-known in the art.

[0055] After testing, the oxygen content of the TbH powder recovered by the recovery method of this application was 600 ppm to 800 ppm, while the oxygen content of the TbH powder recovered by the traditional method in the comparative example was basically 1500 ppm to 2200 ppm. It shows that the heavy rare earth metal powder recovered by the recovery device and recovery method in this application has the characteristic of low oxygen.

[0056] Furthermore, in this example, the recovered TbH powder was used to carry out grain boundary diffusion on the magnet according to the following infiltration process. At the same time, the TbH powder in the comparative example was used as a control test.

[0057] Among them, the steps of the grain boundary diffusion process are as follows:

[0058] S1. Select a green magnet with a magnetic property of 54M; slice and process it into a 20 mm × 20 mm × 4 mm (M) magnet, and the magnet is subjected to degreasing + pickling + ultrasonic cleaning;

[0059] S2. Grind the recovered TbH powder by airflow to make the powder with an average particle size of 2 μm - 3 μm;

[0060] S3. At room temperature, screen-print the TbH powder on the surface of the magnet, and the weight gain of the powder is 0.4% - 0.5%;

[0061] S4. Place the permanent magnet obtained in step S3 in a heat treatment furnace, and under the condition that the vacuum degree is higher than 9×10 –3 Pa, heat it to 900 °C and keep it warm for 12 hours for infiltration and diffusion treatment; when the infiltration and diffusion time ends, fill it with argon gas Ar and turn on the air cooler to cool it below 90 °C;

[0062] S5. Place the permanent magnet obtained in step S4 in a heat treatment furnace, and under a vacuum of 4×10 –1Heat to 480 °C under Pa conditions and hold for 5 hours for secondary aging treatment; after the aging time ends, fill with argon gas Ar, turn on the fan to cool to below 55 °C and then take out of the furnace to prepare a permeable magnet.

[0063] Perform room temperature (25 °C) magnetic property tests on the 54M substrate magnet, the recovery method in Example 2 of this application, and the sintered NdFeB magnet obtained after grain boundary diffusion by the traditional method in the comparative example (the test standard refers to "Guide for Pulse Measurement Methods of Permanent Magnets (Hard Magnets)" GB / T 29628-2013), and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1 Room temperature magnetic property test results of sintered NdFeB magnets

[0065]

[0066] It can be seen from the test results in Table 1 that the intrinsic coercivity Hcj of the magnet after TbH fan printing penetration collected by the recovery method of this application has been significantly improved, and it has little impact on other magnetic properties of the magnet (such as maximum magnetic energy product, squareness, etc.). For the TbH powder recovered by the traditional method in the comparative example, although the intrinsic coercivity Hcj has also been improved, the effect is not as good as that of the heavy rare earth metal powder recovered by the recovery method of this application, and it has a greater impact on other magnetic properties of the magnet.

[0067] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and embodiments with the same structure and the same effect as the technical idea within the technical solution scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. In addition, within the scope of not departing from the main idea of this application, various deformations that can be thought of by those skilled in the art on the embodiments, and other ways constructed by combining some constituent elements of the embodiments are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device, characterized in that: include: A main tank body, the main tank body comprising an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is provided with a support part inside, a material frame is placed on the support part, the material frame is used to place a metal mesh with heavy rare earth metal powder adhered thereto; a plurality of pipeline interfaces are provided on the main tank body, the pipeline interfaces are respectively connected with a vacuum pipeline, an inert gas pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline, a cooling water inlet pipeline and a cooling water outlet pipeline; the lower part comprises a large end and a small end, the large end is connected to the upper part, the large end and the small end are connected through a guide slope, a vibration part is provided on the guide slope, and is used to vibrate and knock the side wall of the main tank body; And a recovery tank body, the feed port of the recovery tank body is connected with the discharge port of the main tank body.

2. The heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting part is a mesh platform.

3. The heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material frame is divided into a plurality of receiving parts, each receiving part can receive a metal mesh adhered with heavy rare earth metal powder; Preferably, through holes are provided on the outer side wall and the inner partition wall of the material frame.

4. The heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part is provided with a cover body and a fastener, wherein the cover body is used to cover the main tank body, and the fastener is used to lock the cover body with the main tank body; Preferably, the inner surface of the cover body and the upper end surface of the main tank body are both provided with a first sealing member.

5. The heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide inclined plane forms an angle of 75° with the horizontal plane.

6. The heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibrating part is a gas vibration hammer.

7. The heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration part is arranged at 120 degrees with the horizontal plane.

8. The heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge port of the main tank body and the feed port of the recovery tank body are respectively provided with a first valve and a second valve.

9. The heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Second sealing members are respectively provided on the end surfaces where the discharge port of the main tank body and the feed port of the recovery tank body are connected.

10. A method for recovering heavy rare earth metal powder, based on the heavy rare earth metal powder recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Place the metal mesh with heavy rare earth metal powder in the material frame, and place the material frame in the main tank body, and lock and seal the main tank body; connect the main tank body and the recovery tank body, and evacuate the main tank body and the recovery tank body until the vacuum degree of the main tank body is less than 0.1Pa, then stop; Fill the main tank and the recovery tank with inert gas so that the inert gas pressure does not exceed 50KPa; The main tank body and the recovery tank body are separated into independent spaces, and hydrogen is filled into the main tank body so that the mixed gas pressure of hydrogen and inert gas in the main tank body does not exceed 0.098MPa. At the same time, cooling water is turned on to cool the main tank body. The hydrogen reacts with the heavy rare earth metal powder on the metal mesh to form heavy rare earth metal hydride powder, which falls to the bottom of the main tank body; When the mixed gas pressure of hydrogen and inert gas in the main tank body remains at 0.095MPa and no longer decreases, the reaction is completed, the main tank body and the recovery tank body are connected, and the vibration part is turned on to vibrate and knock the side wall of the main tank body, so that the heavy rare earth hydrogenated powder on the side wall and bottom of the main tank body enters the recovery tank body.

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