Energy-saving dust removal system for smelting workshop

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of smelting, in particular to an energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop. An air suction fan is arranged on a main exhaust pipe; a heat storage and dust removal device comprises a lower-layer cavity, an upper-layer cavity, an air inlet pipe, a vibration plate, a dust removal pipe, alumina pellets, a filter screen, a first air inlet pipe, a first air outlet pipe, a second air inlet pipe, a second air outlet pipe, a supporting column and a collecting box; the interior of the heat storage and dust removal device is of a structure with multiple layers of filter screens spaced alumina pellets, an air inlet pipe is arranged in an upper-layer cavity, and a vibration plate is arranged below the alumina pellets and the filter screens; a dust discharge pipe is arranged in the lower-layer cavity; the dust discharging pipe is connected with the collecting box which is connected with the vibrating plate through the vibrating rod. According to the device, combustion-supporting air can be heated through tail gas through the heat storage and dust removal device, the utilization efficiency of energy is improved, and energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of smelting, and particularly to an energy-saving dust removal system and cleaning method for a smelting workshop. Background Art

[0002] In modern industrial production, especially in an aluminum casting workshop during the smelting process, environmental protection and energy efficiency have become key issues that urgently need to be solved. Traditional dust removal systems, especially those based on water condensation methods, although effectively capture high-temperature soot particles, have obvious disadvantages. First of all, they consume a large amount of water resources, increasing the costs of enterprises and not meeting the sustainable development goals. Secondly, the treatment of wastewater generated during the water condensation process is also a major challenge. Moreover, when high-temperature flue gas is directly introduced into the dust suction pipeline, it is easy to cause the accumulation of large particles of dust inside, leading to pipeline blockage, which not only affects the system efficiency, but may also flow back into the smelting furnace, polluting the molten aluminum and damaging the alloy quality.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovation to design an energy-saving dust removal system that can ensure efficient dust removal while reducing energy consumption, avoiding blockage, improving the service life of equipment, and optimizing the workshop environment. And generally, the temperature of the smelting waste gas is relatively high, and it needs to be cooled to below 100°C before it is suitable for bag dust removal. The cooling process consumes a large amount of water or cold air, and without pretreatment, the impurity content is relatively high, and the operation of the dust removal system is relatively expensive. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an energy-saving dust removal system and cleaning method for a smelting workshop. By synchronously designing regenerative dust removal and heating of combustion-supporting air, the present invention can effectively utilize the heat energy of waste gas, improve the energy utilization efficiency, and at the same time, through automatic high-pressure cold air spraying, the device of the present invention can be regularly cleaned.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: an energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop, including a dust suction hood, a regenerative heat dust removal device, a dust removal cloth bag, an air suction fan, and a main exhaust pipe. The dust suction hood is connected to the regenerative heat dust removal device through a suction pipe, and the regenerative heat dust removal device is connected to the dust removal cloth bag through the main exhaust pipe. It is characterized in that: an air suction fan is arranged on the main exhaust pipe. The regenerative heat dust removal device includes a lower cavity, an upper cavity, an air inlet pipe, a vibrating plate, a dust discharge pipe, alumina balls, a filter screen, a first air inlet pipe, a first air outlet pipe, a second air inlet pipe, a second air outlet pipe, a support column, and a collection box; the interior of the regenerative heat dust removal device is a structure with multiple filter screens spaced by alumina balls. The upper cavity is provided with an air inlet pipe, and the vibrating plate is arranged below the alumina balls and the filter screen; the lower cavity is provided with a dust discharge pipe; the dust discharge pipe is connected to the collection box, and the collection box is connected to the vibrating plate through a vibrating rod. The upper cavity and the lower cavity are formed by two layers of metal, and the two layers of metal are connected by support columns; the upper cavity is a closed space, and the two ends are respectively connected to the first air inlet pipe and the first air outlet pipe; the lower cavity is a closed space, and the two ends are respectively connected to the second air inlet pipe and the second air outlet pipe; the support columns are arranged crosswise in the spaces of the upper cavity and the lower cavity; the dust removal cloth bag includes a sub-exhaust pipe, a filter cloth bag, a flow regulating valve, a cloth bag pressure sensor, and an internal pressure sensor. The filter cloth bag is connected to the main exhaust pipe through the flow regulating valve. An internal pressure sensor is arranged on the main exhaust pipe, and a cloth bag pressure sensor is arranged outside the filter cloth bag. The dust removal cloth bag is connected to the outside through the sub-exhaust pipe.

[0006] According to the energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop described above, it is characterized in that: three to five dust removal cloth bags are provided.

[0007] According to the energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop described above, it is characterized in that: the air suction fan is installed at the end of the main exhaust pipe.

[0008] According to the energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop described above, it is characterized in that: the filter screen is a stainless steel filter screen.

[0009] According to the energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop described above, it is characterized in that: from the side of the suction pipe to the main exhaust pipe, the mesh holes of the filter screen gradually decrease from large to small.

[0010] According to the energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop described above, it is characterized in that: the diameter of the alumina balls is 25MM.

[0011] According to the energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop described above, it is characterized in that: by comparing the pressures of the cloth bag pressure sensor and the internal pressure sensor, when abnormal temperature and pressure or increased filtration resistance are detected, the system automatically triggers an alarm and indicates that the filter cloth bag needs to be cleaned or replaced; the flow regulating valve is adjusted according to the working conditions of the main exhaust pipe.

[0012] An energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop as described above is characterized in that: the filter bag is made of enhanced filter bag material, and the filter bag is manufactured using nanofiber material.

[0013] An energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop as described above is characterized in that: the filter bag comprises polyvinylidene fluoride at a weight percentage of 40%-55%; polyester at a weight percentage of 40%-50%; nano-silica at a weight percentage of 1%-5%; carbon nanotubes at a weight percentage of 1%-3%; polylactic acid at a weight percentage of 1%-3%; and fluorosilane-based polymer at a weight percentage of 0.5%-2%.

[0014] An energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop as described above is characterized in that the following cleaning method is adopted: when cleaning the regenerative dust removal device, the suction fan is turned off, all exhaust pumps connected to the sub-exhaust pipes are opened, and then high-pressure cold air is input. The high-pressure cold air acts on the alumina balls and the filter screen, causing them to cool rapidly and have an impact force. The gas enters the dust removal bag through the main exhaust pipe, ensuring that it will not flow back into the dust suction hood.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the device of the present invention can utilize the tail gas to heat the combustion-supporting air through the regenerative dust removal device, improving the energy utilization efficiency and reducing the energy consumption; by regularly flushing with high-pressure air, it can be reused continuously, enabling the dust removal bag of the present invention to be used for a relatively long time. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the dust removal bag.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic layout diagram of the support columns.

[0019] Description of the reference numerals in the drawings: dust suction hood 1, lower cavity 21, upper cavity 22, intake pipe 23, vibrating plate 24, dust discharge pipe 25, alumina balls 26, filter screen 27, first intake pipe 28, first outlet pipe 29, second intake pipe 2a, second outlet pipe 2b, support column 2c, collection box 2d, dust removal bag 3, sub-exhaust pipe 31, filter bag 32, flow regulating valve 33, bag pressure sensor 34, internal pressure sensor 35, suction fan 4, main exhaust pipe 5, suction pipe 6. Detailed Embodiments

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0021] As Figures 1 to 2As shown in the figure, an energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop according to the present invention includes a dust suction hood 1, a regenerative heat dust removal device, a dust removal cloth bag 3, an air suction fan 4, and a main exhaust pipe 5. The dust suction hood 1 is connected to the regenerative heat dust removal device through a suction pipe 6, and the regenerative heat dust removal device is connected to the dust removal cloth bag 3 through the main exhaust pipe 5. Multiple dust removal cloth bags 3 can be provided, such as three to five. An air suction fan 4 is provided on the main exhaust pipe 5 of the present invention. When the air suction fan 4 operates, cold air from the outside enters the dust removal cloth bag 3 through the main exhaust pipe 5. Since the branch exhaust pipe 31 of the dust removal cloth bag 3 is connected to an exhaust fan, a negative pressure is formed on one side of the dust removal cloth bag 3, so that the hot air with impurities entering from the regenerative heat dust removal device is mixed with the cold air to reduce the temperature. By adjusting the air volume, it can be ensured that the temperature of the mixed gas entering the dust removal cloth bag 3 is below 60°, thereby increasing the service life of the dust removal cloth bag 3. As Figure 1 shown, the air suction fan 4 of the present invention is preferably installed at the end of the main exhaust pipe 5 to increase the intake air volume at the end and prevent blockage at the end due to the decrease in wind speed. The present invention uses cold air for cooling, reducing the working temperature of the dust removal cloth bag 3. Using cold air for cooling can reduce the aging speed of the dust removal cloth bag 3, thereby saving costs.

[0022] As Figure 1 shown, the regenerative heat dust removal device of the present invention includes a lower cavity 21, an upper cavity 22, an intake pipe 23, a vibrating plate 24, a dust discharge pipe 25, alumina balls 26, a filter screen 27, a first intake pipe 28, a first exhaust pipe 29, a second intake pipe 2a, a second exhaust pipe 2b, a support column 2c, and a collection box 2d. The filter screen 27 can be a stainless steel filter screen, and the stainless steel filter screen can be 310S (0Cr25Ni20) stainless steel, which can withstand high temperatures. The interior of the regenerative heat dust removal device is a structure with multiple layers of filter screens 27 spaced apart by alumina balls 26. From the side of the suction pipe 6 to the main exhaust pipe 5, the mesh holes of the filter screen 27 gradually decrease. As shown in the figure, the mesh hole sizes of the 4 layers of filter screens 27 from left to right can be a stainless steel filter screen of 5mm * 5mm, a stainless steel filter screen of 4mm * 4mm, a stainless steel filter screen of 3.5mm * 3.5mm, and a stainless steel filter screen of 3mm * 3mm respectively. In this way, dust is adsorbed gradually in layers, ensuring that larger particles of dust are adsorbed, so that the subsequent dust removal cloth bag 3 can be used for a long time.

[0023] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, alumina balls 26 are placed between the multi-layer filter screens 27 of the present invention. The regenerative dust removal device is connected to the dust suction hood 1 through the air suction pipe 6 and is connected to a plurality of dust removal cloth bags 3 through the main exhaust pipe 5. The alumina balls 26 of the present invention can quickly adsorb the heat of the exhaust gas and can reduce the flow rate of the gas, which is not only beneficial to heat absorption but also beneficial to the adsorption of larger dust. The diameter of the alumina balls 26 of the present invention can be 25 MM. The alumina balls 26 have a large heat storage capacity, rapid heat absorption and heat release; strong heat shock resistance, strong thermal shock resistance, stable performance and long service life; not easy to block, and can be cleaned with high-pressure air, which is very convenient for maintenance. An air inlet pipe 23 is provided in the upper cavity 22 of the present invention, and the vibrating plate 24 is arranged below the alumina balls 26 and the filter screen 27. A dust discharge pipe 25 is provided in the lower cavity 21, and the dust discharge pipe 25 is connected to the collection box 2d. The collection box 2d is connected to the vibrating plate 24 through a vibrating rod. The vibrating rod is in a slightly vibrating state during operation, so that the larger dust particles inside automatically fall into the collection box 2d. When cleaning is required, high-pressure cold air is input through the air inlet pipe 23, and it can be effectively self-cleaned for a long time.

[0024] As Figure 1 shown, the overall regenerative dust removal device of the present invention can be in the shape of a cuboid. The upper cavity 22 and the lower cavity 21 are formed by two layers of metal, and the two layers of metal are connected by support columns 2c, so that the regenerative dust removal device of the present invention has a high load-bearing capacity. The upper cavity 22 is a closed space, and the two ends are respectively connected to the first air inlet pipe 28 and the first air outlet pipe 29; the lower cavity 21 is also a closed space, and the two ends are respectively connected to the second air inlet pipe 2a and the second air outlet pipe 2b. During the operation of the present invention, the combustion-supporting air enters the cavity from the first air inlet pipe 28 and the second air inlet pipe 2a respectively, and flows out from the first air outlet pipe 29 and the second air outlet pipe 2b respectively and enters the burner, so that the combustion-supporting air can be preheated, and the preheating temperature can reach 700 °C, which greatly saves energy. When the regenerative dust removal device of the present invention is working, the internal working temperature is above 1000 °C, and the external surface temperature is lower than 150 °C, which can greatly save energy consumption.

[0025] As Figure 3 shown, the support columns 2c of the present invention are preferably formed into folded gas channels, that is, the support columns 2c are cross-arranged in the spaces of the upper cavity 22 and the lower cavity 21. Only the situation in the upper cavity 22 is shown in the figure, and the lower space is the same, and no corresponding schematic diagram is given. This can ensure that the combustion-supporting air entering can absorb heat as much as possible and also ensure that the external temperature is relatively low.

[0026] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the dust removal cloth bag 3 of the present invention includes a branch exhaust pipe 31, a filter cloth bag 32, a flow regulating valve 33, a cloth bag pressure sensor 34, and an internal pressure sensor 35. The filter cloth bag 32 is connected to the main exhaust pipe 5 through the flow regulating valve 33. An internal pressure sensor 35 is provided on the main exhaust pipe 5, and a cloth bag pressure sensor 34 is provided on the outer side of the filter cloth bag 32. The dust removal cloth bag 3 is connected to the outside through the exhaust pipe 31, and the outside connection can be connected to an air extraction pump. In this way, during the working process of the present invention, by comparing the pressures of the cloth bag pressure sensor 34 and the internal pressure sensor 35, when an abnormal temperature and pressure or an increase in filtration resistance is detected, the system automatically triggers an alarm and indicates that the filter cloth bag 32 needs to be cleaned or replaced. The present invention can automatically adjust the flow regulating valve 33 according to the actual working conditions of the main exhaust pipe 5 to ensure that the soot is effectively dispersed before entering the filter cloth bag, reducing the risk of local blockage.

[0027] The filter cloth bag 32 of the present invention can be made of an enhanced filter cloth bag material. The filter cloth bag 32 is manufactured using a nanofiber material, which has higher filtration efficiency and lower pressure drop loss, extending the service life. At the same time, surface treatment is carried out to enhance the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties, facilitating the shedding of dust. The filter cloth bag 32 includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with a weight percentage of 40%-55%; polyester (PET) with a weight percentage of 40%-50%; nano-silica (SiO2) with a weight percentage of 1%-5%; carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a weight percentage of 1%-3%; polylactic acid (PLA) with a weight percentage of 1%-3%; and fluorosilane-based polymer (PFAS) with a weight percentage of 0.5%-2%. The filter cloth bag material of the present invention has good filtration efficiency, low pressure drop, long service life, and good hydrophobic and oleophobic properties.

[0028] The device of the present invention can utilize the exhaust gas to heat the combustion-supporting air through the heat storage dust removal device, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency. The temperature of the exhaust gas discharged to the main exhaust pipe 5 is lower than 200°C, and the surface temperature of the heat storage dust removal device is generally lower than 150°C, which greatly reduces the energy consumption. At the same time, through the adsorption and blocking effects of the alumina balls 26 and the filter screen 27 in the heat storage dust removal device, most of the impurities can be precipitated in the heat storage dust removal device, and can be repeatedly utilized by regularly flushing with high-pressure air, so that the dust removal bag 3 of the present invention can be used for a long time. The present invention also provides a cleaning method for a heat storage dust removal device. When cleaning the heat storage dust removal device, the suction fan 4 is turned off, all exhaust pumps connected to the branch exhaust pipe 31 are turned on, and then high-pressure cold air is input through the air intake pipe 23. The high-pressure cold air acts on the aluminum oxide balls 26 and the filter screen 27 to quickly cool them down and has impact force. Since the suction fan 4 is turned off and under the coordinated action of the branch exhaust pipe 31, the gas generated by the aluminum oxide balls 26 and the filter screen 27 at high temperature can quickly pass through the main exhaust pipe 5 into the dust removal bag 3, that is, the suction pipe 6 will not flow back, ensuring that it will not flow back into the dust hood 1 to affect the product quality. In addition, relatively low-temperature high-pressure cold air is added at high temperature, and the aluminum oxide balls 26 and the filter screen 27 are quickly cooled, and the dust on them can fall off immediately and flow out through the dust exhaust pipe 25. Therefore, the heat storage dust removal device of the present invention can be automatically cleaned at regular intervals without disassembly, thereby reducing the equipment maintenance cost. The dust exhaust pipe 25 of the present invention has a larger opening to prevent it from being blocked. A vibrating rod is provided in the collection box 2d. The vibrating rod continuously acts on the vibrating plate 24 to allow larger particles to automatically fall into the collection box 2d. The collection box 2d of the present invention needs to be replaced regularly. The heat storage dust removal device of the present invention can also be cleaned by other methods of stopping the system. The present invention reduces the temperature entering the dust bag 3 by adding an air intake fan 4 to the main exhaust pipe 5, so that the filter material of the dust bag 3 will not age quickly due to high temperature, the dust bag 3 does not need to be replaced frequently, and the operating cost of the dust removal system is low.

Claims

1. An energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop, comprising a dust hood, a heat storage dust removal device, a dust bag, an air suction fan, and a main exhaust pipe, wherein the dust hood is connected to the heat storage dust removal device through the air suction pipe, and the heat storage dust removal device is connected to the dust bag through the main exhaust pipe, and is characterized in that: An air suction fan is arranged on the main exhaust pipe. The heat storage dust removal device comprises a lower cavity, an upper cavity, an air intake pipe, a vibration plate, a dust exhaust pipe, an alumina ball, a filter screen, a first air intake pipe, a first air outlet pipe, a second air intake pipe, a second air outlet pipe, a support column and a collection box. The interior of the heat storage dust removal device is a multi-layer filter screen-separated alumina ball structure. The upper cavity is provided with an air intake pipe, and a vibration plate is arranged below the alumina ball and the filter screen. The lower cavity is provided with a dust exhaust pipe. The dust exhaust pipe is connected to the collection box, and the collection box is connected to the vibration plate through a vibration rod. The upper cavity and the lower cavity are formed by two layers of metal. The two layers of metal The upper cavity is a closed space, and its two ends are respectively connected to the first air inlet pipe and the first air outlet pipe; the lower cavity is a closed space, and its two ends are respectively connected to the second air inlet pipe and the second air outlet pipe; the support columns are cross-arranged in the upper cavity and the lower cavity space; the dust removal bag includes a branch exhaust pipe, a filter bag, a flow regulating valve, a bag pressure sensor, and an internal pressure sensor. The filter bag is connected to the main exhaust pipe through the flow regulating valve, the main exhaust pipe is provided with an internal pressure sensor, and a bag pressure sensor is provided on the outside of the filter bag. The dust removal bag is connected to the outside through the branch exhaust pipe.

2. The energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Three to five dust bags are provided.

3. The energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The suction fan is installed at the end of the main exhaust pipe.

4. The energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filter is a stainless steel filter.

5. The energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: From one side of the air intake pipe to the main exhaust pipe, the filter mesh size decreases from large to small.

6. The energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameter of the alumina ball is 25MM.

7. The energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: By comparing the pressure of the bag pressure sensor and the internal pressure sensor, the system detects abnormal temperature and pressure or increased filtration resistance, and automatically triggers an alarm and indicates the need to clean or replace the filter bag; the flow control valve is adjusted according to the operating conditions of the main exhaust pipe.

8. The energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filter bag is made of enhanced filter bag material and is manufactured using nanofiber material.

9. The energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filter bag includes 40%-55% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride; 40%-50% by weight of polyester; 1%-5% by weight of nano silicon dioxide; 1%-3% by weight of carbon nanotubes; 1%-3% by weight of polylactic acid; and 0.5%-2% by weight of fluorinated silane-based polymer.

10. The energy-saving dust removal system for a smelting workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: Cleaning is carried out in the following manner: When cleaning the heat storage dust removal device, turn off the suction fan, open all exhaust pumps connected to the sub-exhaust pipes, and then input high-pressure cold air. The high-pressure cold air acts on the alumina balls and filter screen to quickly cool them down with impact. The gas enters the dust removal bag through the main exhaust pipe to ensure that it will not flow back into the dust hood.

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