Water and soil conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses water and soil conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment, and belongs to the technical field of water and soil loss monitoring equipment. The runoff sediment sampling equipment for water and soil conservation comprises a sampling pipe and a sampling rod, and further comprises a depth detector, a sampling rod and a sampling rod, wherein the depth detector is used for detecting the depth of the sampling pipe inserted into a river surface; a strip-shaped first through groove is formed in the supporting part, and a groove in the length direction of the sampling rod is formed in the sampling rod; the first sliding block can slide in the groove in the length direction of the groove. The driving mechanism is used for driving the sampling rod to rotate around the first sliding block; the controller controls the driving mechanism to act according to the rigidity of the sampling rod, the water flow velocity of the river, the depth of the sampling pipe inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod and the diameter and length of the sampling pipe till the sampling pipe is located under the first sliding block. According to the water and soil conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment, the offset of the sampling pipe in the horizontal direction caused by the sampling pipe and the sampling rod under the action of river pressure can be counteracted, so that the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling pipe is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil and water loss monitoring equipment, and particularly relates to a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of global climate change and human activities, soil and water loss has become a core issue threatening ecological security. Runoff sediment monitoring is a core link in soil and water conservation work, and the accuracy of its data directly affects the formulation of basin treatment plans. When monitoring runoff sediment, it is often necessary to sample the runoff sediment. The soil and water loss situation in the runoff basin can be accurately analyzed through the sediment condition at the bottom of the runoff.

[0003] When sampling the sediment at the bottom of surface runoff, that is, the river, a sediment sampling device is required. Most of the existing sediment sampling devices have two components: a sampling rod and a sampling tube. The sampling tube is inserted into the sediment at the bottom of the river using the sampling rod, thus completing the sampling operation of the sediment at the bottom of the river. Generally, the greater the water flow velocity of the river, the more serious the soil and water loss phenomenon in the basin. However, due to the working environment where the sampling device is generally located in a river with a relatively large water flow velocity, the following problems exist. For example, in a river channel with a water flow velocity ≥ 3 m / s, when sampling with a sampling tube with a diameter of 20 cm, the water flow impact force borne by the sampling rod can reach more than 200 N, exceeding the bearing limit of ordinary aluminum alloy materials (yield strength 110 MPa), resulting in a certain bending of the sampling rod. In engineering cases: The measured data of the Tongguan Hydrological Station of the Yellow River in 2023 showed that the maximum deformation of the traditional sampling rod during the flood peak reached 12 cm, resulting in a too large deviation in the sampling position. An excessive deviation in the sampling position will cause distortion of sediment analysis, directly affecting the calculation accuracy of the erosion modulus, and thus affecting the accuracy of the subsequent soil and water loss monitoring and analysis results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device that can offset the offset of the sampling tube in the horizontal direction caused by the action of the river pressure, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube.

[0005] The present invention provides a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device, including a sampling tube and a sampling rod. The sampling tube is connected to the lower end of the sampling rod, and further includes: A detection unit, including a depth detector and a water flow velocity detector. The depth detector is arranged at the bottom end of the sampling tube and is used to detect the depth of the sampling tube inserted into the river surface. The water flow velocity detector is used to detect the water flow velocity of the river; The support part floats on the river surface. The support part is provided with a long strip-shaped first through groove, and the sampling rod passes through the first through groove. The inner wall of the first through groove is provided with a first slider, and the sampling rod is provided with a groove along the length direction of the sampling rod; the first slider is slidably connected in the groove; The driving mechanism is arranged on the support part. The driving mechanism is connected to the sampling rod and is used to drive the sampling rod to rotate around the first slider; The controller is connected to the depth detector and the driving mechanism. The controller calculates the deformation amount of the sampling rod according to the stiffness of the sampling rod, the water flow velocity, the depth of the sampling tube inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube. Then, according to the deformation amount of the sampling rod, the offset amount of the sampling tube in the river flow direction is calculated. The controller controls the driving mechanism to act according to the offset amount to drive the sampling rod and the sampling tube to rotate until the sampling tube rotates to directly below the first slider.

[0006] Preferably, a vertical connection hole is connected to the support part. A turntable is rotatably connected in the connection hole. The first through groove and the driving mechanism are both arranged on the turntable. A guide plate is arranged at the lower end of the turntable. The plane where the guide plate is located is parallel to the length direction of the first through groove. The guide plate is inserted into the river surface. Driven by the river, the guide plate can drive the turntable to rotate until the length direction of the first through groove is parallel to the river flow direction.

[0007] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a driving block and a lead screw. A bracket is arranged on the turntable. The driving block is slidably connected to the bracket. The driving block is provided with a second through groove and a threaded hole. The second through groove is arranged parallel to the first through groove. The inner wall of the second through groove is provided with a second slider. The second slider is slidably connected in the groove along the length direction of the groove. The second slider can drive the sampling rod to rotate around the first slider through the groove. The lead screw is rotatably connected to the bracket. The lead screw is arranged parallel to the first through groove and is connected to the threaded hole on the driving block.

[0008] Preferably, the water flow velocity detector includes a first flow velocity sensor. The first flow velocity sensor is arranged on the sampling tube and is used to detect the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling tube is located. A power device is connected to the lead screw. The controller is connected to the first flow velocity sensor and the power device. The controller controls the power device to act according to the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling tube is located, the stiffness of the sampling rod, the depth of the sampling tube inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube to drive the sampling rod to rotate so that the sampling tube is directly below the first slider.

[0009] Preferably, the water flow velocity detector further includes a second flow velocity sensor disposed on the guide plate. The second flow velocity sensor is used to detect the water flow velocity at the river surface. The controller controls the power device to act according to the water flow velocity at the river surface, the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling pipe is located, the stiffness of the sampling rod, the depth of the sampling pipe inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod, and the diameter and length of the sampling pipe, so as to drive the sampling rod to rotate and make the sampling pipe be directly below the first slider.

[0010] Preferably, a telescopic mechanism is provided on the turntable. The telescopic mechanism is connected to the first slider and is used to drive the first slider to move radially along the sampling rod, so as to clamp the sampling rod and the first slider tightly.

[0011] Preferably, the driving block is connected with a counterweight. When the river is in a static state and the sampling rod is in a vertical state, the center of gravity of the counterweight is at the axis of the sampling rod. When the driving block drives the sampling rod to rotate and thus drives the sampling pipe to move towards one end of the first through groove, the driving block drives the counterweight to move towards the other end of the first through groove. The counterweight is used to prevent the support part from tilting.

[0012] Preferably, the support part is of a disc-shaped structure.

[0013] Preferably, the support part is made of honeycomb board.

[0014] Preferably, the sampling rod and the sampling pipe are detachably connected.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: For a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device of the present invention, according to the stiffness of the sampling rod, the pressure on the sampling rod, the pressure on the sampling pipe, and the length of the sampling rod inserted into the river surface, the deformation condition of the sampling rod can be calculated, and thus the offset amount of the sampling pipe in the horizontal direction can be calculated. The controller controls the driving mechanism to act according to the offset amount of the sampling pipe in the horizontal direction. Since the distance between the driving mechanism and the first slider is known, and the distance between the first slider and the sampling pipe is also known, according to the lever principle, it can be known how many degrees the driving mechanism drives the sampling rod to rotate around the first slider to offset the horizontal offset amount of the sampling pipe, so as to ensure the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling pipe and the accuracy of the subsequent sediment sample analysis result.

[0016] By setting the turntable and the guide plate, the river will drive the guide plate to deflect around the axis of rotation of the turntable, thereby driving the turntable to rotate. When the turntable drives the driving mechanism and the first through groove on it to rotate, and the driving mechanism drives the sampling rod to rotate around the first slider, the movement direction of the sampling tube can be opposite to the river direction, so as to achieve the purpose of accurately adjusting the offset of the sampling tube and improve the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube. The driving block can drive the end of the sampling rod away from the sampling tube to move in the same direction as the river direction through the second slider on it, which can prevent the driving mechanism from affecting the downward exploration of the sampling rod while adjusting the offset of the sampling tube, so as to ensure that the sampling tube can accurately penetrate to the desired sampling position at the bottom of the river. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic internal structural view of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the A-A plane of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the B-B plane of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the C-C plane of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the piston of the present invention.

[0018] Description of the Reference Numerals: 101. Sampling tube, 102. Sampling rod, 103. Depth detector, 104. Support part, 105. First through groove, 106. Groove, 107. First slider, 201. Turntable, 202. Guide plate, 301. Driving block, 302. Lead screw, 303. Bracket, 304. Second through groove, 305. Second slider, 401. Second flow velocity sensor, 402. Power device, 5. First flow velocity sensor, 601. Sample tube, 602. Slide hole, 603. Piston, 604. First ventilation hole, 701. Second ventilation hole, 702. Cut-off valve, 8. Counterweight, 9. Telescopic mechanism, 10. Guide sliding ring. Detailed Embodiments

[0019] The following combines the attached Figures 1-6 , and describes the detailed embodiments of the present invention in detail, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the detailed embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] Such as Figures 1-6As shown in the figure, a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device provided by the present invention includes a sampling pipe 101 and a sampling rod 102. The sampling pipe 101 is connected to the lower end of the sampling rod 102, and further includes: a detection part, a support part 104, a driving mechanism and a controller. The detection part includes a depth detector 103 and a water flow velocity detector. The depth detector 103 is arranged at the bottom end of the sampling pipe 101 and is used to detect the depth of the sampling pipe 101 inserted into the river surface. The water flow velocity detector is used to detect the water flow velocity of the river. The support part 104 floats on the river surface. The support part 104 is provided with a long strip-shaped first through groove 105. The sampling rod 102 passes through the first through groove 105. The inner wall of the first through groove 105 is provided with a first slider 107. The sampling rod 102 is provided with a groove 106 along the length direction of the sampling rod 102. The first slider 107 is slidably connected to the groove 106. The driving mechanism is arranged on the support part 104. The driving mechanism is connected to the sampling rod and is used to drive the sampling rod 102 to rotate around the first slider 107. The controller is connected to the depth detector 103 and the driving mechanism. The controller calculates the deformation amount of the sampling rod 102 according to the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the water flow velocity, the depth of the sampling pipe 101 inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the diameter and length of the sampling pipe 101, and then calculates the offset amount of the sampling pipe 101 in the river flow direction according to the deformation amount of the sampling rod 102. The controller controls the driving mechanism to act according to the offset amount to drive the sampling rod 102 and the sampling pipe 101 to rotate until the sampling pipe 101 rotates to directly below the first slider 107.

[0021] Now briefly describe the working principle of the above embodiment: When this device is in use, the support part 104 is fixed at the sampling position, and then the sampling rod 102 is slowly lowered to probe the sampling tube 101. During this process, the depth detector 103 detects the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface in real time. The controller controls the driving mechanism according to the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the water flow velocity of the river, the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube 101. Specifically: The controller can roughly calculate the pressure exerted by the river on the sampling tube 101 according to the diameter and length of the sampling tube 101 and the water flow velocity of the river. Since the pressure exerted by the river on the sampling rod 102 is approximately a uniformly distributed load, according to the water flow velocity of the river, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the length of the sampling rod 102 (roughly the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface), the pressure on the sampling rod 102 can be calculated. According to the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the pressure on the sampling rod 102 (approximately a uniformly distributed load), the pressure on the sampling tube 101 (approximately a single-point load), and the length of the sampling rod 102 inserted into the river surface (roughly the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface), the deformation of the sampling rod 102 can be calculated, and thus the offset of the sampling tube 101 in the horizontal direction can be calculated.

[0022] Combined with the fluid mechanics resistance formula and the material mechanics bending theory, calculate the offset of the sampling tube 101 in the river. The following is the specific derivation process: Key parameters and assumptions Parameters: – Stiffness of the sampling rod 102 , diameter , insertion depth .

[0023] – Stiffness of the sampling tube 101 , diameter , insertion depth .

[0024] – Water flow velocity , water density .

[0025] – Resistance coefficient (default value, can be adjusted according to the Reynolds number).

[0026] Assumptions: – Both the sampling rod 102 and the sampling tube 101 are vertically inserted into the river surface, ignoring disturbances such as waves and temperature.

[0027] – The water flow resistance is uniformly distributed along the length of the cylinder.

[0028] Resistance calculation Uniformly distributed load of water flow on the cylinder is: (Sampling rod 102); (Sampling tube 101); Segmented deflection calculation Consider the structure as two cantilever beams, and the total offset is the superposition of three parts: (1) Bending of the sampling rod 102 itself: ; (2) Influence of the load of the sampling tube 101 on the sampling rod 102: – Bending moment of the sampling tube 101 ; – Deflection generated by this force at the end of the sampling rod 102: ; (3) Bending of the sampling tube 101 itself: ; Total offset formula of the sampling tube 101 in the river: ; Parameter description and verification unit: All length units are meters (m), and the stiffness EI is Newton-meter squared (N·m2) Reynolds number correction: If precise calculation is required , it can be obtained by looking up the table for values.

[0029] Dimension verification: The dimensions of each term in the formula are all meters (m), which conforms to the physical meaning.

[0030] The controller controls the action of the driving mechanism according to the offset of the sampling tube 101 in the horizontal direction. Since the distance between the driving mechanism and the first slider 107 is known, and the distance between the first slider 107 and the sampling tube 101 is also known, according to the lever principle, it can be known how many degrees the driving mechanism rotates the sampling rod 102 around the first slider 107 to offset the horizontal offset of the sampling tube 101, so as to ensure the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101. During this process, the buoyancy exerted by the river on the support part 104 can provide a supporting force to the driving mechanism to ensure that the driving mechanism can drive the sampling rod 102 to rotate accurately by a predetermined angle. And since the first slider 107 can slide in the first groove 106 on the sampling rod 102, it can ensure that while the sampling rod 102 moves relative to the first slider 107, the driving mechanism can normally drive the sampling rod 102 to rotate around the first slider 107.

[0031] A soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device of the present invention can offset the horizontal offset of the sampling tube 101 caused by the river pressure when sampling sediment from surface runoff, so as to ensure the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101 and the accuracy of the subsequent sediment sample analysis results.

[0032] On the basis of the above embodiments, in order to accurately adjust the offset of the sampling tube 101 and improve the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101.

[0033] As Figures 1-4 shown, a vertical connecting hole is connected to the support portion 104, a turntable 201 is rotatably connected in the connecting hole, the first through groove 105 and the driving mechanism are both arranged on the turntable 201, a guide plate 202 is arranged at the lower end of the turntable 201, the plane where the guide plate 202 is located is parallel to the length direction of the first through groove 105, the guide plate 202 is inserted into the river surface, and under the drive of the river, the guide plate 202 can drive the turntable 201 to rotate until the length direction of the first through groove 105 is parallel to the flow direction of the river.

[0034] When the guide plate 202 is not parallel to the river direction, the river will drive the guide plate 202 to deflect around the axis of rotation of the turntable 201, thereby driving the turntable 201 to rotate itself. The turntable 201 drives the driving mechanism and the first through groove 105 thereon to rotate until the guide plate 202 is parallel to the river direction. Since the plane where the guide plate 202 is located is parallel to the length direction of the first through groove 105, the length direction of the first through groove 105 is parallel to the river direction. At this time, under the action of the river, the deformation direction of the sampling rod 102 is parallel to the river direction. When the driving mechanism drives the sampling rod 102 to rotate around the first slider 107, the moving direction of the sampling tube 101 can be opposite to the river direction, so as to achieve the purpose of accurately adjusting the offset of the sampling tube 101 and improve the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101.

[0035] As a preferred solution, as Figures 1-4As shown in the figure, the driving mechanism includes a driving block 301 and a lead screw 302. A bracket 303 is provided on the turntable 201. The driving block 301 is slidably connected to the bracket 303. A second through groove 304 and a threaded hole are provided on the driving block 301. The second through groove 304 is arranged parallel to the first through groove 105. A second slider 305 is provided on the inner wall of the second through groove 304. The second slider 305 is slidably connected to the groove 106 along the length direction of the groove 106. The second slider 305 can drive the sampling rod 102 to rotate around the first slider 107 through the groove 106. The lead screw 302 is rotatably connected to the bracket 303. The lead screw 302 is arranged parallel to the first through groove 105. The lead screw 302 is connected to the threaded hole on the driving block 301. When adjusting the offset of the sampling tube 101, by rotating the lead screw 302, the lead screw 302 drives the driving block 301 to move along the length direction of the first through groove 105. Since the length direction of the first through groove 105 is parallel to the direction of the river, therefore, the driving block 301 can drive the end of the sampling rod 102 away from the sampling tube 101 to move in the same direction as the river direction through the second slider 305 thereon. The second slider 305 can slide in the groove 106, thereby driving the sampling tube 101 to move to the side opposite to the river direction. Thus, while adjusting the offset of the sampling tube 101, it can prevent the driving mechanism from affecting the downward probing of the sampling rod 102, so as to ensure that the sampling tube 101 can accurately probe down to the desired sampling position at the bottom of the river.

[0036] As a preferred solution, as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown in the figure, the water flow velocity detector includes a first flow velocity sensor 5, which is arranged on the sampling pipe 101. The first flow velocity sensor 5 is used to detect the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling pipe 101 is located. A power device 402 is connected to the lead screw 302. The controller is connected to the first flow velocity sensor 5 and the power device 402. The controller controls the power device 402 to act according to the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling pipe 101 is located, the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the depth of the sampling pipe 101 inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the diameter and length of the sampling pipe 101, so as to drive the sampling rod 102 to rotate, so that the sampling pipe 101 is directly below the first slider 107. By setting the first flow velocity sensor 5 and using the first flow velocity sensor 5 to detect the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling pipe 101 is located, the water flow velocity at the position where the sampling pipe 101 is located can be accurately obtained. The controller can automatically control the power device 402 to act according to the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling pipe 101 is located, the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the depth of the sampling pipe 101 inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the diameter and length of the sampling pipe 101, so as to drive the sampling rod 102 to accurately rotate a certain angle, so that the sampling pipe 101 is directly below the first slider 107, ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling pipe 101.

[0037] As a preferred solution, as Figure 2As shown in the figure, the water flow velocity detector further includes a second flow velocity sensor 401, which is arranged on the guide plate 202. The second flow velocity sensor 401 is used to detect the water flow velocity at the river surface. The controller controls the operation of the power device 402 according to the water flow velocity at the river surface, the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling pipe 101 is located, the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the depth of the sampling pipe 101 inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the diameter and length of the sampling pipe 101, so as to drive the sampling rod 102 to rotate, so that the sampling pipe 101 is directly below the first slider 107. By setting the second flow velocity sensor 401, since the guide plate 202 is connected to the support part 104, under the buoyancy of the support part 104, the second flow velocity sensor 401 on the guide plate 202 is at the river surface. The second flow velocity sensor 401 is used to detect the water flow velocity at the river surface. Since the water body has a certain viscosity, the water flow velocities at the river surface and the river bottom are different. The water flow velocity shows a certain water flow velocity gradient from the river surface to the river bottom. By combining the water flow velocity detected by the second flow velocity sensor 401 at the river surface with the water flow velocity detected by the first flow velocity sensor 5 at the depth where the sampling pipe 101 is located, the water flow velocity distribution in the river from the river surface to the depth where the sampling pipe 101 is located can be generally known. Combining the distributed load of the sampling pipe 101 and the sampling rod 102 and the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the deformation of the sampling rod 102 can be more accurately obtained, so that the operation of the power device 402 can be more accurately controlled, and thus the offset of the sampling pipe 101 can be more accurately controlled, so as to more accurately compensate for the deformation amount of the sampling rod 102 caused by bending under force, and more ensure the accuracy of sampling of the sampling pipe 101.

[0038] As a preferred solution, as Figure 3 shown in the figure, a telescopic mechanism 9 is arranged on the turntable 201. The telescopic mechanism 9 is connected to the first slider 107, and the telescopic mechanism 9 is used to drive the first slider 107 to move radially along the sampling rod 102, so as to clamp the sampling rod 102 and the first slider 107 tightly. By setting the telescopic mechanism 9, before the support part 104 drifts to the sampling position, the telescopic mechanism 9 is used to drive the first slider 107 to move radially along the sampling rod 102, so as to clamp the sampling rod 102 tightly. Then, after the support part 104 drifts to the sampling position, the telescopic mechanism 9 is used to drive the first slider 107 to move in the reverse direction, so as to release the sampling rod 102. Under the action of the gravity of the sampling pipe 101 and the sampling rod 102, the sampling pipe 101 drives the sampling rod 102 to move downward until the sampling pipe 101 moves to the bottom of the river.

[0039] As a preferred solution, as Figures 1-3As shown, the driving block 301 is connected with a counterweight 8. When the river is in a static state and the sampling rod 102 is in a vertical state, the center of gravity of the counterweight 8 is at the axis of the sampling rod 102. When the driving block 301 drives the sampling rod 102 to rotate, thereby driving the sampling tube 101 to move towards one end of the first through groove 105, the driving block 301 drives the counterweight 8 to move towards the other end of the first through groove 105. The counterweight 8 is used to prevent the support portion 104 from tilting. When the water flow velocity of the river is not zero, the driving block 301 drives the sampling rod 102 to deflect to one side, thereby driving the sampling tube 101 to move towards one end of the first through groove 105. The acting force exerted by the water flow on the sampling tube 101 and the sampling rod 102 will be transmitted to the support portion 104 through the driving block 301, and a deflecting moment will be applied to the support portion 104 to cause the support portion 104 to tilt. At this time, it will affect the accuracy of the position of the sampling tube 101 after rotation. When the driving block 301 drives the sampling tube 101 to rotate towards one side of the first through groove 105, the driving block 301 drives the counterweight 8 to move towards the other end of the first through groove 105, thereby changing the position of the center of gravity of the counterweight 8, offsetting the deflecting moment on the support portion 104, thereby preventing the support portion 104 from tilting and ensuring the accuracy of the position of the sampling tube 101.

[0040] As a preferred solution, as Figures 1-3 shown, wherein the support portion 104 is a disc-shaped structure. Setting the support portion 104 as a disc-shaped structure can increase the buoyancy that the support portion 104 can obtain on the premise that its own weight remains unchanged, so as to provide sufficient supporting force for the driving mechanism and prevent the support portion 104 from tilting, thereby further ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101.

[0041] As a preferred solution, as Figures 1-3 shown, wherein the support portion 104 is made of honeycomb board. Using the honeycomb board to make the support portion 104 can reduce the self-weight of the support portion 104, so as to provide sufficient supporting force for the turntable 201, the guide plate 202 and the driving block 301 with a smaller volume.

[0042] As a preferred solution, as Figure 3 shown, wherein the sampling rod 102 and the sampling tube 101 are detachably connected. Setting the sampling rod 102 and the sampling tube 101 to be detachably connected can facilitate the disassembly and installation of the sampling tube 101, so as to facilitate the extraction of the sample in the sampling tube 101.

[0043] As a preferred solution, as Figures 2-6As shown in the figure, a sample tube 601 is provided inside the sampling tube 101. The sample tube 601 is coaxially arranged with the sampling tube 101. A sliding hole 602 coaxial with it is provided at the upper end of the sampling rod 102. A piston 603 is slidably connected along the sliding hole 602. The piston 603 is connected to the sample tube 601. A first ventilation hole 604 is provided on the sampling rod 102. The first ventilation hole 604 is communicated with a pneumatic control circuit. The sliding hole 602 is communicated with the first ventilation hole 604. When the pneumatic control circuit inflates the sliding hole 602, the piston 603 drives the sample tube 601 to extend out of the sampling tube 101. By providing the sample tube 601, when the sampling tube 101 is lowered to the bottom of the river along with the sampling rod 102, the bottom end of the sampling tube 101 fits against the river bottom surface to form an isolated space inside the tube hole of the sampling tube 101. Then, when the pneumatic control circuit passes gas into the first ventilation hole 604, the gas enters the sliding hole 602, thereby driving the piston 603 to move downward. The piston 603 drives the sample tube 601 connected to it to move downward to sample the bottom mud of the river bottom. During this process, the sampling tube 101 is equivalent to a protective cover. Under the protection of the sampling tube 101, the sample tube 601 is in a closed space. At this time, when the sample tube 601 samples the bottom mud of the river bottom, it can prevent the water flow from disturbing the sampling environment of the sample tube 601, thereby further ensuring the accuracy of the sampled sediment sample.

[0044] As a preferred solution, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown in the figure, a second ventilation hole 701 is provided on the piston 603. The second ventilation hole 701 is communicated with the sliding hole 602. A cut-off valve 702 is provided at the upper end of the second ventilation hole 701. The cut-off valve 702 is electrically connected to the controller. The lower end of the second ventilation hole 701 is communicated with the tube hole of the sampling tube 101. When the cut-off valve 702 is opened, the pneumatic control circuit inflates the tube hole of the sampling tube 101. By providing the cut-off valve 702, during the process of the sampling tube 101 descending to the river bottom, air is passed into the first ventilation hole 604 through the pneumatic control circuit, and the cut-off valve 702 is opened. The air enters the second ventilation hole 701 through the cut-off valve 702 and then enters the tube hole of the sampling tube 101 to fill the tube hole of the sampling tube 101 with air. Due to the real-time adjustment of the driving mechanism, the axial direction of the sampling tube 101 is generally kept vertical. The two are combined to make the sampling tube 101 play the role of a diving bell. At this time, as the sampling tube 101 descends to the river bottom, the area inside the sampling tube 101 is in a dry state. Therefore, the bottom mud in the area sampled by the sample tube 601 is isolated from the water flow, so that it can prevent the water flow from disturbing the sediment sample during sampling, thereby making the sampled sediment sample more accurate.

[0045] As a preferred solution, as Figure 5 andFigure 6 As shown in the figure, a water level gauge is provided in the sampling pipe 101. The water level gauge is used to detect the water level in the sampling pipe 101 and is electrically connected to the controller. When the water level in the sampling pipe 101 is higher than a certain value, the controller controls the cut-off valve 702 to open and controls the pneumatic control circuit to act, so as to inflate the pipe holes of the sampling pipe 101, so that the water level in the sampling pipe 101 is lower than the set value. By setting the water level gauge, the water level in the pipe holes of the sampling pipe 101 can be detected in real time. When the water level in the pipe holes of the sampling pipe 101 rises, the cut-off valve 702 is timely controlled to open, and the pneumatic control circuit is controlled to inflate, so as to supplement air into the pipe holes of the sampling pipe 101, so that the pipe holes of the sampling pipe 101 are always in a dry state.

[0046] As a preferred solution, as Figure 1 shown in the figure, a guiding slip ring 10 is provided in the sampling pipe 101. The outer wall of the sample pipe 601 is slidably connected to the slide hole 602 of the guiding slip ring 10. By setting the guiding slip ring 10, the movement of the sample pipe 601 is guided, and the sample pipe 601 can be prevented from being deflected when inserted into the bottom mud, so as to further ensure the accuracy of the bottom mud sample taken by the sample pipe 601.

[0047] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water and soil conservation runoff sediment sampling device, comprising a sampling pipe (101) and a sampling rod (102), the sampling pipe (101) being connected to the lower end of the sampling rod (102), characterized in that, Further comprising: A detection unit, including a depth detector (103) and a water flow velocity detector. The depth detector (103) is provided at the bottom end of the sampling pipe (101), and the depth detector (103) is used to detect the depth of the sampling pipe (101) inserted into the river surface. The water flow velocity detector is used to detect the water flow velocity of the river; A support part (104), floating on the river surface. The support part (104) is provided with a long strip-shaped first through groove (105). The sampling rod (102) passes through the first through groove (105). The inner wall of the first through groove (105) is provided with a first slider (107). The sampling rod (102) is provided with a groove (106) along the length direction of the sampling rod (102); The first slider (107) is slidably connected in the groove (106); A driving mechanism, provided on the support part (104), the driving mechanism is connected to the sampling rod, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the sampling rod (102) to rotate around the first slider (107); A controller, connected to the depth detector (103) and the driving mechanism. The controller calculates the deformation amount of the sampling rod (102) according to the stiffness of the sampling rod (102), the water flow velocity, the depth of the sampling pipe (101) inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod (102), and the diameter and length of the sampling pipe (101). Then, according to the deformation amount of the sampling rod (102), it calculates the offset amount of the sampling pipe (101) in the river flow direction. The controller controls the driving mechanism to act according to the offset amount to drive the sampling rod (102) and the sampling pipe (101) to rotate until the sampling pipe (101) rotates to directly below the first slider (107).

2. The soil and water conservation runoff and sediment sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A vertical connection hole is connected to the support part (104). A turntable (201) is rotatably connected in the connection hole. The first through groove (105) and the driving mechanism are both provided on the turntable (201). A guide plate (202) is provided at the lower end of the turntable (201). The plane where the guide plate (202) is located is parallel to the length direction of the first through groove (105). The guide plate (202) is inserted into the river surface. Driven by the river, the guide plate (202) can drive the turntable (201) to rotate until the length direction of the first through groove (105) is parallel to the river flow direction.

3. The soil and water conservation runoff and sediment sampling device according to claim 2, wherein, The driving mechanism includes a driving block (301) and a lead screw (302). A bracket (303) is provided on the turntable (201). The driving block (301) is slidably connected to the bracket (303). A second through groove (304) and a threaded hole are provided on the driving block (301). The second through groove (304) is arranged in parallel with the first through groove (105). A second slider (305) is provided on the inner wall of the second through groove (304). The second slider (305) is slidably connected to the groove (106) along the length direction of the groove (106). The second slider (305) can drive the sampling rod (102) to rotate around the first slider (107) through the groove (106). The lead screw (302) is rotatably connected to the bracket (303). The lead screw (302) is arranged in parallel with the first through groove (105). The lead screw (302) is connected to the threaded hole on the driving block (301).

4. The soil and water conservation runoff and sediment sampling device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water flow velocity detector includes a first flow velocity sensor (5). The first flow velocity sensor (5) is provided on the sampling pipe (101). The first flow velocity sensor (5) is used to detect the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling pipe (101) is located. A power device (402) is connected to the lead screw (302). The controller is connected to the first flow velocity sensor (5) and the power device (402). The controller controls the operation of the power device (402) according to the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling pipe (101) is located, the stiffness of the sampling rod (102), the depth of the sampling pipe (101) inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod (102), and the diameter and length of the sampling pipe (101), so as to drive the sampling rod (102) to rotate and make the sampling pipe (101) be directly below the first slider (107).

5. The soil and water conservation runoff and sediment sampling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water flow velocity detector further includes a second flow velocity sensor (401). The second flow velocity sensor (401) is provided on the guide plate (202). The second flow velocity sensor (401) is used to detect the water flow velocity at the river surface. The controller controls the operation of the power device (402) according to the water flow velocity at the river surface, the water flow velocity at the depth where the sampling pipe (101) is located, the stiffness of the sampling rod (102), the depth of the sampling pipe (101) inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod (102), and the diameter and length of the sampling pipe (101), so as to drive the sampling rod (102) to rotate and make the sampling pipe (101) be directly below the first slider (107).

6. The soil and water conservation runoff and sediment sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A telescopic mechanism (9) is provided on the turntable (201). The telescopic mechanism (9) is connected to the first slider (107). The telescopic mechanism (9) is used to drive the first slider (107) to move radially along the sampling rod (102), so as to clamp the sampling rod (102) and the first slider (107).

7. The soil and water conservation runoff and sediment sampling device according to claim 3, wherein The driving block (301) is connected with a counterweight (8). When the river is in a static state and the sampling rod (102) is in a vertical state, the center of gravity of the counterweight (8) is at the axis of the sampling rod (102). When the driving block (301) drives the sampling rod (102) to rotate, thereby driving the sampling tube (101) to move towards one end of the first through groove (105), the driving block (301) drives the counterweight (8) to move towards the other end of the first through groove (105). The counterweight (8) is used to prevent the support part (104) from tilting.

8. The soil and water conservation runoff and sediment sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support part (104) is of a disc-shaped structure.

9. The soil and water conservation runoff and sediment sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support part (104) is made of honeycomb board.

10. The soil and water conservation runoff and sediment sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling rod (102) and the sampling tube (101) are detachably connected.

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