Dangerous rock mass collapse real-time monitoring system and method based on automatic hammering method

Abstract

The invention relates to a dangerous rock mass collapse real-time monitoring system and method based on an automatic hammering method, and belongs to the technical field of disaster prevention and reduction. The system comprises an equipment box, an automatic hammering device and a first acceleration sensor, the top of the equipment box is fixedly connected with a solar panel; a data transmission module, a solar controller, a data acquisition instrument and a storage battery are mounted in the equipment box; the automatic hammering device comprises a hammering device top cover, a hammering device base, a spring support, a tension spring, a hammering rod, a hammering control unit, a first electromagnetic coil, a second electromagnetic coil, a second acceleration sensor, a hammering device bottom cover and a third electromagnetic coil. According to the invention, an automatic hammering signal analysis technology is adopted to monitor and analyze the deterioration condition of the structural surface between the dangerous rock body and the mother rock in real time, subtle changes of the internal structure of the dangerous rock body can be directly monitored, and a more comprehensive and more direct information source is provided for early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of disaster prevention and reduction, and in particular relates to a real-time monitoring system and method for dangerous rock mass collapse based on an automatic hammering method. Background Art

[0002] Geological disasters, as a frequent and extremely destructive phenomenon in nature, pose a serious threat to the safety of human life and property. Among them, the collapse of dangerous rock masses, as a common geological disaster, is often characterized by suddenness, unpredictability and high hazard. The collapse of dangerous rock masses refers to the rapid fall of rocks and soil on steep slopes under the action of gravity or other external forces. This disaster not only directly causes damage to buildings, but may even cause the destruction of entire settlements. It will also bury roads and railways, causing traffic interruptions and bringing significant losses to social and economic activities. What is more serious is that the collapse may also block rivers to form barrier lakes, submerge upstream buildings and farmland, or change the direction and nature of rivers in wide river valleys to form rapid sections, further exacerbating the complexity and hazard of the disaster.

[0003] With the global climate change and the intensification of human activities, geological disasters occur frequently, especially the increase in infrastructure construction in hilly and mountainous areas, which significantly increases the potential risk of geological disasters such as dangerous rock collapse. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and warn of dangerous rock collapse, take timely response measures, and reduce disaster losses has become an important issue that needs to be solved in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0004] Traditional monitoring methods for dangerous rock collapse mainly rely on manual inspections and regular measurements, which have problems such as low monitoring frequency, limited coverage, and delayed early warning, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern disaster prevention and mitigation. In recent years, with the rapid development of technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, geological disaster monitoring technology has also made significant progress. By integrating advanced sensors, data transmission terminals, video surveillance equipment, and Internet of Things data centers, all-weather, real-time online monitoring of dangerous rock collapse risk points can be achieved, providing a scientific basis and technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0005] For the monitoring of dangerous rock collapse geological disasters, the existing technical solutions mainly rely on automated monitoring systems composed of a variety of sensors, measuring instruments, data transmission terminals and video monitoring equipment. These systems are usually based on a variety of communication networks (such as 4G / LoRa / optical fiber / Beidou satellite communication) to achieve real-time data collection and transmission. Mainly through GNSS displacement monitoring stations, piezoelectric rainfall monitoring stations, remote tilt displacement monitors, online inclinometers and other equipment, real-time perception of key parameters such as surface displacement, surface cracks, deep displacement, rainfall, tilt angle and other key parameters of dangerous rock bodies. At the same time, combined with an integrated video surveillance monitoring station, on-site video image information is obtained.

[0006] However, most of the existing monitoring systems for dangerous rock mass collapses focus on the monitoring of single parameters, such as surface displacement, crack width, etc. Since the occurrence of dangerous rock mass collapses is often instantaneous, the warning time is insufficient, the monitoring and warning effect is poor, and the technical difficulty is great.

[0007] Specifically, the disadvantages of the existing technical solutions are mainly as follows: (1) Limited warning time: Currently, devices such as GNSS displacement monitoring stations and piezoelectric rain gauges, although they can sense the key parameters of dangerous rock masses in real time, due to the fast speed of collapses, it is difficult for existing technologies to capture sufficient signal changes in a very short time to give early warnings, resulting in a narrow warning time window. (2) Insufficient reliability of the model: There is no reliable model that can accurately predict the collapse of dangerous rock masses based on existing monitoring parameters, which limits the warning accuracy rate and cannot fully guarantee the safety of people's lives and property. (3) Single monitoring dimension: Existing technologies mainly focus on the external manifestations such as surface displacement and cracks of dangerous rock masses, and lack direct monitoring means for the deterioration of the structural plane between dangerous rock masses and the mother rock, making it difficult to comprehensively reflect the stability status of dangerous rock masses. (4) Low data utilization rate: Although a large amount of data has been collected, the existing system has limited data analysis and processing capabilities, and has not fully explored the potential information behind the data, affecting the warning effect.

[0008] Therefore, how to overcome the deficiencies of the existing technology is an urgent problem to be solved in the current field of disaster prevention and mitigation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the existing technology, and provide a real-time monitoring system and method for dangerous rock mass collapses based on an automatic hammering method, so as to provide strong guarantee for the safe operation of mountain expressways and promote the sustainable development of the transportation industry.

[0010] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock mass collapses based on an automatic hammering method, comprising an equipment box, an automatic hammer and a first acceleration sensor;

[0012] A solar panel is fixedly connected to the top of the equipment box;

[0013] A data transmission module, a solar controller, a data collector and a storage battery are installed inside the equipment box;

[0014] The solar controller is respectively connected to the solar panel, the storage battery, the data transmission module and the data collector, and is used to control whether to use the solar panel or the storage battery to supply power to the data transmission module and the data collector; it is also used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the storage battery;

[0015] The data collector is also connected to the data transmission module;

[0016] The first acceleration sensor is connected to the data acquisition instrument and is used to record the time when the hammering signal reaches the monitoring point;

[0017] The automatic hammer includes a hammer top cover, a hammer base, a spring bracket, a tension spring, a hammer rod, a hammer control unit, a first electromagnetic coil, a second electromagnetic coil, a second acceleration sensor, a hammer bottom cover, and a third electromagnetic coil;

[0018] The hammer bottom cover is installed at the bottom of the hammer base;

[0019] The hammer top cover is installed on the upper part of the hammer base;

[0020] Inside the hammer top cover, a spring bracket is fixedly installed on the top of the hammer base;

[0021] The tension spring is suspended below the spring bracket;

[0022] A central slideway is provided in the middle of the hammer base, and a corresponding round hole is provided at the center of the hammer bottom cover correspondingly; the hammer rod is arranged on the central slideway of the hammer base;

[0023] The top of the hammer rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the tension spring;

[0024] The first electromagnetic coil is wound around the upper iron core of the hammer rod;

[0025] The second electromagnetic coil is wound around the lower iron core of the hammer rod;

[0026] On the middle part of the hammer rod and outside the central slideway of the hammer base, the third electromagnetic coil is wound;

[0027] Inside the hammer top cover, a hammer control unit is also fixedly installed on the top of the hammer base;

[0028] The second acceleration sensor is installed on the hammer bottom cover and is used to receive the hammering signal at the hammering point and record the time when the hammering signal is sent out;

[0029] The data transmission module is also connected to the hammer control unit;

[0030] The hammer control unit is also respectively connected to the first electromagnetic coil, the second electromagnetic coil, and the third electromagnetic coil;

[0031] The data acquisition instrument sends out an acquisition instruction and transmits it to the hammer control unit through the data transmission module. The hammer control unit simultaneously supplies power to the first electromagnetic coil, the second electromagnetic coil, and the third electromagnetic coil, thereby driving the hammer rod to slide downward and generating a hammering signal.

[0032] Furthermore, the hammer rod includes an aluminum alloy rod;

[0033] The upper part of the aluminum alloy rod is sleeved with an upper iron core, and the lower part of the aluminum alloy rod is sleeved with a lower iron core;

[0034] Further, corresponding jacks are provided at the corresponding positions of the upper iron core and the aluminum alloy rod, and corresponding jacks are also provided at the corresponding positions of the lower iron core and the aluminum alloy rod. Then, through two pins respectively, the upper iron core is connected to the aluminum alloy rod, and the lower iron core is connected to the aluminum alloy rod, so that the relative positions are fixed.

[0035] Further, the outer diameter of the middle part of the aluminum alloy rod is the same as the outer diameters of the upper iron core and the lower iron core;

[0036] The inner diameters of the upper iron core and the lower iron core are the same as the outer diameters of the upper and lower parts of the aluminum alloy rod.

[0037] Further, a stop block in the shape of an annular protrusion is provided at the lower part of the lower iron core.

[0038] Further, on the bottom cover of the hammer, a rubber gasket is fixedly installed around its round hole.

[0039] The present invention also provides a real-time monitoring method for the collapse of dangerous rock masses based on the automatic hammering method. Using the above real-time monitoring system for the collapse of dangerous rock masses based on the automatic hammering method, the following steps are included:

[0040] S1. Install the equipment box near the dangerous rock mass, and adjust the angle of the solar panel so that the solar panel faces south to ensure that it receives sunlight;

[0041] S2. Find a flat place on the surface of the mother rock near the dangerous rock mass to be monitored, drill holes with an electric drill, and install the automatic hammer on the flat surface of the mother rock using expansion screws;

[0042] S3. Install the first acceleration sensor on the surface of the dangerous rock mass, and the first acceleration sensor needs to be closely attached to the surface of the dangerous rock mass;

[0043] S4. Connect the control unit of the automatic hammer and the data acquisition using a 485 line, and the data acquisition instrument is connected to the data transmission module;

[0044] S5. Connect the first acceleration sensor and the data acquisition instrument using a 485 line;

[0045] S6. The data acquisition instrument issues an instruction to control the hammering control unit in the automatic hammer to generate a hammering signal at regular intervals. The first acceleration sensor and the second acceleration sensor receive the hammering signal; the data acquisition instrument receives and records the first arrival time data t0 of the vibration signal of the second acceleration sensor, records the first arrival time data t1 of the vibration signal of the first acceleration sensor, thereby calculating the time difference t between the two, and further calculating the frequency f,

[0046] t = t1 - t0 (1)

[0047] f = 1 / t (2)

[0048] S7. Real-time monitor the inclination deformation and acceleration change of the dangerous rock mass through the first acceleration sensor, and measure the angular velocity during the movement of the dangerous rock mass to obtain the monitoring data;

[0049] S8. Perform wireless transmission through the data transmission module, send the monitoring data to the data center, and conduct monitoring and early warning of dangerous rock collapse.

[0050] The present invention proposes a real-time monitoring system and method for dangerous rock mass collapse based on the automatic hammering method, aiming to achieve comprehensive, real-time, and accurate monitoring of the geological disaster of dangerous rock mass collapse through innovative monitoring devices and methods. This system adopts the automatic hammering technology, combines vibration sensors and Internet of Things technology, and can real-time monitor the deterioration state of the cementing material between the dangerous rock mass and the mother rock, providing timely and accurate data support for early warning and emergency response.

[0051] In the present invention, preferably, the bottom cover of the hammer is disc-shaped and made of aluminum alloy. Preferably, the base of the hammer is cylindrical and made of iron material; the main function of the base of the hammer is to cooperate with the third electromagnetic coil to form an electromagnet, form an interaction force with the hammer rod, drive the hammer rod to hammer and retract, so it must be made of iron material.

[0052] In the present invention, preferably, the bottom cover of the hammer and the base of the hammer are fixedly connected by screws.

[0053] When installing the automatic hammer in the present invention, it is necessary to ensure that the automatic hammer is firmly installed without moving. Install the first acceleration sensor to ensure that the first acceleration sensor is closely attached to the surface of the dangerous rock mass to prevent the first acceleration sensor from loosening.

[0054] When recording time in the present invention, preferably, the time is accurate to milliseconds.

[0055] In the present invention, the upper iron core and the lower iron core are essentially hollow iron cylinders, which cooperate with the electromagnetic coil to form two independent electromagnets up and down. The function of the aluminum alloy rod is to isolate the electromagnetic effect. If the entire iron core is made of iron, the electromagnet formed by the electromagnetic coil fails and cannot form an electromagnetic repulsion force to push the hammer rod to hammer.

[0056] In the present invention, the function of the stop block is to prevent the hammer rod from having too large a stroke and causing circuit failures after multiple hammerings.

[0057] In the present invention, the purpose of setting the rubber gasket is to reduce the vibration of the hammer rod, play a buffering role, reduce the vibration of the equipment, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0058] In the present invention, t represents the time it takes for a signal to start from the parent rock, pass through the structural surface, and then pass through the dangerous rock to reach the monitoring point. The longer the time, the worse the properties of the structural surface. Characterizing it by frequency is mainly convenient for subsequent analysis.

[0059] In the present invention, when measuring the acceleration change, the acceleration sensor can calculate the inclination angle and angular velocity data through the projection component of gravity acceleration, which belongs to the prior art and will not be elaborated in the present invention.

[0060] In view of the complex and changeable natural environment and the potential risk of collapse of dangerous rock masses along mountain highways, the present invention realizes real-time monitoring of the stability of dangerous rock masses by integrating high-precision sensors and automatic hammering technology. Once abnormal data is monitored, the system can immediately trigger the early warning mechanism and promptly notify relevant departments to take preventive measures, effectively reducing accidents and losses caused by the collapse of dangerous rock masses. The present invention is designed with highly automated data collection capabilities, without the need for frequent manual on-site inspections, greatly reducing the labor intensity of monitoring work, improving monitoring efficiency, being able to identify the precursory characteristics of potential collapse, and improving the accuracy and timeliness of early warning. Taking into account the complex and changeable climatic conditions and harsh natural environment in mountainous areas, the present invention uses anti-vibration materials (mainly blocks and rubber gaskets to play a shockproof role) to design the monitoring system hardware to ensure that it can still work stably under extreme conditions. In addition, the system structure is reasonably designed, easy to install and maintain, and adapts to the monitoring needs of different terrains and landforms.

[0061] Compared with the prior art solutions, the innovative improvements of the present invention are mainly reflected in:

[0062] (1) Automatic hammer signal inversion analysis: By introducing automatic hammer signal analysis technology, the deterioration of the structural surface between the dangerous rock mass and the parent rock is monitored and analyzed in real time. This innovation can directly monitor the subtle changes in the internal structure of the dangerous rock mass, providing a more comprehensive and direct information source for early warning. Using a three-axis acceleration sensor to monitor the hammer signal and obtain the natural frequency of the dangerous rock mass in real time, it can capture the vibration characteristics of the dangerous rock mass during the stability change process, thereby realizing the stability monitoring of the dangerous rock mass.

[0063] (2) Early warning time: Through the comprehensive application of the above-mentioned innovative points, the present invention can significantly improve the early warning time window for dangerous rock collapse geological disasters, thereby buying more valuable time for relevant departments and personnel to take countermeasures.

[0064] (3) The innovative improvement of the present invention is to construct a multi-parameter comprehensive early warning model by combining multiple parameters such as surface displacement, cracks, rainfall, inclination angle and natural frequency of dangerous rock mass. This model will be able to comprehensively consider various factors affecting the stability of dangerous rock mass and improve the accuracy and reliability of early warning.

[0065] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0066] The present invention adopts the automatic hammering signal analysis technology to monitor and analyze in real time the deterioration of the structural plane between the dangerous rock mass and the mother rock, and can directly monitor the subtle changes in the internal structure of the dangerous rock mass, providing a more comprehensive and direct information source for early warning. It solves the technical problems in the current technology that the early warning time of collapse disasters monitored by microseismic, displacement and other monitoring technologies is limited and the reliability of the early warning model is insufficient, and is more suitable for the current needs of disaster early warning and scientific research, and can provide technical support for the prevention and mitigation of collapse geological disasters. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0067] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation and layout of the real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock mass collapse based on the automatic hammering method of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the equipment box of the real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock mass collapse based on the automatic hammering method of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic hammer of the real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock mass collapse based on the automatic hammering method of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hammering rod of the real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock mass collapse based on the automatic hammering method of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 5 It is a data curve graph of the application example of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 6 It is a displacement-time curve graph drawn from the data collected by the crack sensor;

[0073] Among them, 1. Equipment box; 2. Automatic hammer; 3. First acceleration sensor; 4. Dangerous rock mass; 5. Mother rock; 6. Solar panel; 7. Data transmission module; 8. Solar controller; 9. Data collector; 10. Storage battery; 11. Hammer top cover; 12. Hammer base; 13. Spring bracket; 14. Tension spring; 15. Hammering rod; 16. Hammering control unit; 17. First electromagnetic coil; 18. Second electromagnetic coil; 19. Second acceleration sensor; 20. Rubber gasket; 21. Hammer bottom cover; 22. Expansion screw; 23. Upper iron core; 24. Lower iron core; 25. Stopper; 26. Plug; 27. Aluminum alloy rod; 28. Third electromagnetic coil. Detailed Embodiments

[0074] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0075] Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. For those embodiments where specific technologies or conditions are not indicated, the technologies or conditions described in the literature within the field or according to the product specifications shall be followed. For those materials or equipment where the manufacturer is not indicated, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through purchase.

[0076] Embodiment 1

[0077] As Figure 1 ~As Figure 4 shown, a real-time monitoring system for the collapse of dangerous rock masses based on the automatic hammering method, characterized in that it includes an equipment box 1, an automatic hammer 2 and a first acceleration sensor 3;

[0078] A solar panel 6 is fixedly connected to the top of the equipment box 1;

[0079] A data transmission module 7, a solar controller 8, a data collector 9 and a storage battery 10 are installed inside the equipment box 1;

[0080] The solar controller 8 is respectively connected to the solar panel 6, the storage battery 10, the data transmission module 7 and the data collector 9, and is used to control whether to use the solar panel 6 or the storage battery 10 to supply power to the data transmission module 7 and the data collector 9; it is also used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the storage battery 10;

[0081] The data collector 9 is also connected to the data transmission module 7;

[0082] The first acceleration sensor 3 is connected to the data collector 9 and is used to record the time when the hammering signal reaches the monitoring point;

[0083] The automatic hammer 2 includes a hammer top cover 11, a hammer base 12, a spring bracket 13, a tension spring 14, a hammer rod 15, a hammer control unit 16, a first electromagnetic coil 17, a second electromagnetic coil 18, a second acceleration sensor 19, a hammer bottom cover 21, and a third electromagnetic coil 28;

[0084] A hammer bottom cover 21 is installed at the bottom of the hammer base 12;

[0085] A hammer top cover 11 is installed on the upper part of the hammer base 12;

[0086] Inside the hammer top cover 11, a spring bracket 13 is fixedly installed on the top of the hammer base 12;

[0087] The tension spring 14 is suspended below the spring bracket 13;

[0088] There is a central slideway in the middle of the hammer base 12, and a corresponding round hole is provided at the center of the hammer base cover 21; the hammer rod 15 is arranged on the central slideway of the hammer base 12;

[0089] The top of the hammer rod 15 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the tension spring 14;

[0090] The upper iron core 23 of the hammer rod 15 is wound with the first electromagnetic coil 17;

[0091] The lower iron core 24 of the hammer rod 15 is wound with the second electromagnetic coil 18;

[0092] The middle part of the hammer rod 15 is wound with the third electromagnetic coil 28;

[0093] On the middle part of the hammer rod 15 and outside the central slideway of the hammer base 12, the third electromagnetic coil 28 is wound;

[0094] Inside the hammer top cover 11, a hammer control unit 16 is also fixedly installed on the top of the hammer base 12;

[0095] The second acceleration sensor 19 is installed on the hammer base cover 21, used to receive the hammering signal at the hammering point and record the time when the hammering signal is sent;

[0096] The data transmission module 7 is also connected to the hammer control unit 16;

[0097] The hammer control unit 16 is also respectively connected to the first electromagnetic coil 17, the second electromagnetic coil 18, and the third electromagnetic coil 28;

[0098] The data acquisition instrument 9 sends out an acquisition instruction and transmits it to the hammer control unit 16 through the data transmission module 7. The hammer control unit 16 simultaneously supplies power to the first electromagnetic coil 17, the second electromagnetic coil 18, and the third electromagnetic coil 28, thereby driving the hammer rod 15 to slide downward and generating a hammering signal.

[0099] A real-time monitoring method for the collapse of dangerous rock masses based on an automatic hammering method, using the above real-time monitoring system for the collapse of dangerous rock masses based on an automatic hammering method, includes the following steps:

[0100] S1. Install the equipment box near the dangerous rock mass, adjust the angle of the solar panel so that the solar panel faces south to ensure that it receives sunlight;

[0101] S2. Find a flat place on the surface of the mother rock near the dangerous rock mass to be monitored, drill holes with an electric drill, and install the automatic hammer on the flat mother rock surface using expansion screws;

[0102] S3. Install the first acceleration sensor on the surface of the dangerous rock mass, and the first acceleration sensor needs to be closely attached to the surface of the dangerous rock mass;

[0103] S4. Connect the automatic hammering device control unit and data acquisition using a 485 wire, and connect the data acquisition instrument to the data transmission module;

[0104] S5. Connect the first acceleration sensor and the data acquisition instrument using a 485 wire;

[0105] S6. The data acquisition instrument issues an instruction to control the hammering control unit in the automatic hammering device to generate a hammering signal at regular intervals. The first acceleration sensor and the second acceleration sensor receive the hammering signal. The data acquisition instrument receives and records the first arrival time data t0 of the vibration signal of the second acceleration sensor, and records the first arrival time data t1 of the vibration signal of the first acceleration sensor, so as to calculate the time difference t between the two, and further calculate the frequency f.

[0106] t = t1 - t0 (1)

[0107] f = 1 / t (2)

[0108] S7. The first acceleration sensor monitors the inclination deformation and acceleration change of the dangerous rock mass in real time, and measures the angular velocity during the movement of the dangerous rock mass to obtain monitoring data;

[0109] S8. Wireless transmission is carried out through the data transmission module, and the monitoring data is sent to the data center for dangerous rock collapse monitoring and early warning.

[0110] Embodiment 2

[0111] As Figure 1 ~As Figure 4 shown, a real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock mass collapse based on the automatic hammering method, characterized in that it includes an equipment box 1, an automatic hammering device 2 and a first acceleration sensor 3;

[0112] A solar panel 6 is fixedly connected to the top of the equipment box 1;

[0113] A data transmission module 7, a solar controller 8, a data acquisition instrument 9 and a storage battery 10 are installed inside the equipment box 1;

[0114] The solar controller 8 is respectively connected to the solar panel 6, the storage battery 10, the data transmission module 7 and the data acquisition instrument 9, and is used to control whether to use the solar panel 6 or the storage battery 10 to supply power to the data transmission module 7 and the data acquisition instrument 9; it is also used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the storage battery 10;

[0115] The data acquisition instrument 9 is also connected to the data transmission module 7;

[0116] The first acceleration sensor 3 is connected to the data acquisition instrument 9 and is used to record the time when the hammering signal reaches the monitoring point;

[0117] The automatic hammer 2 includes a hammer top cover 11, a hammer base 12, a spring bracket 13, a tension spring 14, a hammer rod 15, a hammer control unit 16, a first electromagnetic coil 17, a second electromagnetic coil 18, a second acceleration sensor 19, a hammer bottom cover 21, and a third electromagnetic coil 28;

[0118] The hammer bottom cover 21 is installed at the bottom of the hammer base 12;

[0119] The hammer top cover 11 is installed on the upper part of the hammer base 12;

[0120] Inside the hammer top cover 11, the spring bracket 13 is fixedly installed on the top of the hammer base 12;

[0121] The tension spring 14 is suspended under the spring bracket 13;

[0122] A central slideway is provided in the middle of the hammer base 12, and a corresponding round hole is provided at the center of the hammer bottom cover 21 corresponding to it; the hammer rod 15 is arranged on the central slideway of the hammer base 12;

[0123] The top of the hammer rod 15 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the tension spring 14;

[0124] The first electromagnetic coil 17 is wound around the upper iron core 23 of the hammer rod 15;

[0125] The second electromagnetic coil 18 is wound around the lower iron core 24 of the hammer rod 15;

[0126] On the middle part of the hammer rod 15, and outside the central slideway of the hammer base 12, the third electromagnetic coil 28 is wound;

[0127] Inside the hammer top cover 11, the hammer control unit 16 is also fixedly installed on the top of the hammer base 12;

[0128] The second acceleration sensor 19 is installed on the hammer bottom cover 21, used to receive the hammering signal at the hammering point and record the time when the hammering signal is sent;

[0129] The data transmission module 7 is also connected to the hammer control unit 16;

[0130] The hammer control unit 16 is also respectively connected to the first electromagnetic coil 17, the second electromagnetic coil 18, and the third electromagnetic coil 28;

[0131] The data acquisition instrument 9 sends an acquisition instruction and transmits it to the hammer control unit 16 through the data transmission module 7. The hammer control unit 16 simultaneously supplies power to the first electromagnetic coil 17, the second electromagnetic coil 18, and the third electromagnetic coil 28, thereby driving the hammer rod 15 to slide downward and generating a hammering signal.

[0132] The hammering rod 15 includes an aluminum alloy rod 27;

[0133] The upper part of the aluminum alloy rod 27 is sleeved with an upper iron core 23, and the lower part of the aluminum alloy rod 27 is sleeved with a lower iron core 24;

[0134] Corresponding jacks are provided at the corresponding positions of the upper iron core 23 and the aluminum alloy rod 27, and corresponding jacks are also provided at the corresponding positions of the lower iron core 24 and the aluminum alloy rod 27. Then, through two pins 26 respectively, the upper iron core 23 and the aluminum alloy rod 27 are connected, and the lower iron core 24 and the aluminum alloy rod 27 are connected, so that the relative positions are fixed.

[0135] The outer diameter of the middle part of the aluminum alloy rod 27 is the same as the outer diameters of the upper iron core 23 and the lower iron core 24;

[0136] The inner diameters of the upper iron core 23 and the lower iron core 24 are the same as the outer diameters of the upper and lower parts of the aluminum alloy rod 27.

[0137] A block 25 in the shape of an annular protrusion is provided at the lower part of the lower iron core 24.

[0138] On the bottom cover 21 of the hammering device, a rubber gasket 20 is fixedly installed around its round hole.

[0139] A real-time monitoring method for the collapse of dangerous rock masses based on the automatic hammering method, using the above-mentioned real-time monitoring system for the collapse of dangerous rock masses based on the automatic hammering method, includes the following steps:

[0140] S1. Install the equipment box near the dangerous rock mass, adjust the angle of the solar panel so that the solar panel faces south to ensure that it receives sunlight;

[0141] S2. Find a flat place on the surface of the mother rock near the dangerous rock mass to be monitored, drill holes with an electric drill, and install the automatic hammering device on the flat surface of the mother rock using expansion screws;

[0142] S3. Install the first acceleration sensor on the surface of the dangerous rock mass, and the first acceleration sensor needs to be closely attached to the surface of the dangerous rock mass;

[0143] S4. Connect the control unit of the automatic hammering device and the data acquisition using a 485 line, and the data acquisition instrument is connected to the data transmission module;

[0144] S5. Connect the first acceleration sensor and the data acquisition instrument using a 485 line;

[0145] S6. The data acquisition instrument issues an instruction to control the hammering control unit in the automatic hammering device to generate hammering signals at regular intervals. The first acceleration sensor and the second acceleration sensor receive the hammering signals. The data acquisition instrument receives and records the first arrival time data t0 of the vibration signal of the second acceleration sensor, and records the first arrival time data t1 of the vibration signal of the first acceleration sensor, thereby calculating the time difference t between the two, and further calculating the frequency f.

[0146] t = t1 - t0 (1)

[0147] f = 1 / t (2)

[0148] S7. The first acceleration sensor is used to monitor the inclination deformation and acceleration change of the dangerous rock mass in real time, and measure the angular velocity during the movement of the dangerous rock mass to obtain the monitoring data.

[0149] S8. Through the data transmission module for wireless transmission, the monitoring data is sent to the data center for monitoring and early warning of dangerous rock collapses.

[0150] During use, find a flat place on the surface of the mother rock near the dangerous rock mass to be monitored, drill holes with an electric drill, and use the expansion screw 22 to install the automatic hammering device 2 on the flat surface of the mother rock. The first electromagnetic coil 17 and the upper iron core 23 form a set of electromagnets A, the second electromagnetic coil 18 and the lower iron core 24 form a set of electromagnets B, and the center slideway of the hammering device base (the center slideway of the hammering device base is a hollow round hole for the hammering rod to move up and down) and the third electromagnetic coil 28 form a set of electromagnets C. After being powered on, under the action of the electromagnet C, the electromagnets A and B drive the entire hammering rod 15 to slide downward and generate hammering signals. After the hammering is completed, the hammering control unit 16 stops supplying power to the three electromagnetic coils, and the hammering rod 15 is reset under the pull of the tension spring 14.

[0151] As Figure 5 shown, it is the curve drawn from the data collected in the field test. On the installed dangerous rock mass, as the fissure filling between the dangerous rock mass and the mother rock gradually decreases, the time t gradually increases and f gradually decreases. Figure 5 In, this trend is shown, indicating that the stability of the dangerous rock mass is gradually decreasing. And during this process, there is no obvious displacement of the dangerous rock mass, which is more consistent with the actual field situation.

[0152] Figure 6 is the displacement-time curve drawn by using a crack sensor in the existing method. For the crack sensor installed on the same dangerous rock mass, the displacement rapidly increases one hour before the dangerous rock mass has a rockfall, and the change in the displacement in the early stage is small. And Figure 5 shown, by using the method of the present invention, the abnormal situation of the structural plane of the dangerous rock mass is monitored 13 hours before the rockfall. Compared with the crack sensor, the present invention can achieve early warning.

[0153] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only to illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock collapse based on an automatic hammering method, characterized in that: It comprises an equipment box (1), an automatic hammer (2) and a first acceleration sensor (3); A solar cell panel (6) is fixedly connected to the top of the equipment box (1); A data transmission module (7), a solar controller (8), a data acquisition instrument (9) and a storage battery (10) are installed inside the equipment box (1); The solar controller (8) is respectively connected to the solar panel (6), the storage battery (10), the data transmission module (7), and the data acquisition instrument (9), and is used to control whether the solar panel (6) or the storage battery (10) is used to power the data transmission module (7) and the data acquisition instrument (9); and is also used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the storage battery (10); The data acquisition device (9) is also connected to the data transmission module (7); The first acceleration sensor (3) is connected to the data acquisition device (9) and is used to record the time when the hammer signal reaches the monitoring point; The automatic hammer (2) comprises a hammer top cover (11), a hammer base (12), a spring bracket (13), a tension spring (14), a hammer rod (15), a hammer control unit (16), a first electromagnetic coil (17), a second electromagnetic coil (18), a second acceleration sensor (19), a hammer bottom cover (21), and a third electromagnetic coil (28); A hammer bottom cover (21) is installed at the bottom of the hammer base (12); A hammer top cover (11) is installed on the upper part of the hammer base (12); A spring bracket (13) is fixedly mounted inside the hammer top cover (11) and on the top of the hammer base (12); The tension spring (14) is suspended at the lower part of the spring bracket (13); A central slideway is provided in the middle of the hammer base (12), and a corresponding circular hole is provided in the center of the hammer bottom cover (21); the hammer rod (15) is arranged on the central slideway of the hammer base (12); The top of the hammer rod (15) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the tension spring (14); A first electromagnetic coil (17) is wound around the upper iron core (23) of the hammer rod (15); A second electromagnetic coil (18) is wound around the lower iron core (24) of the hammer rod (15); A third electromagnetic coil (28) is wound around the middle of the hammer rod (15) and outside the central slideway of the hammer base (12); A hammer control unit (16) is also fixedly mounted inside the hammer cover (11) and on the top of the hammer base (12); The second acceleration sensor (19) is mounted on the bottom cover (21) of the hammer device and is used to receive a hammering signal from a hammering point and record the time when the hammering signal is emitted; The data transmission module (7) is also connected to the hammer control unit (16); The hammer control unit (16) is also connected to the first electromagnetic coil (17), the second electromagnetic coil (18), and the third electromagnetic coil (28) respectively; The data acquisition device (9) sends a collection instruction which is transmitted to the hammer control unit (16) through the data transmission module (7). The hammer control unit (16) simultaneously supplies power to the first electromagnetic coil (17), the second electromagnetic coil (18), and the third electromagnetic coil (28), thereby driving the hammer rod (15) to slide downward and generating a hammer signal.

2. The real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock collapse based on the automatic hammering method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hammer rod (15) comprises an aluminum alloy rod (27); The upper part of the aluminum alloy rod (27) is sleeved with an upper iron core (23), and the lower part of the aluminum alloy rod (27) is sleeved with a lower iron core (24).

3. The real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock collapse based on the automatic hammering method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The upper iron core (23) and the aluminum alloy rod (27) are provided with corresponding insertion holes at corresponding positions, and the lower iron core (24) and the aluminum alloy rod (27) are also provided with corresponding insertion holes at corresponding positions. Then, the upper iron core (23) and the aluminum alloy rod (27) are connected and the lower iron core (24) and the aluminum alloy rod (27) are connected through two latches (26) respectively, so that the relative positions are fixed.

4. The real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock collapse based on the automatic hammering method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The outer diameter of the middle portion of the aluminum alloy rod (27) is consistent with the outer diameters of the upper iron core (23) and the lower iron core (24); The inner diameters of the upper iron core (23) and the lower iron core (24) are consistent with the outer diameters of the upper and lower parts of the aluminum alloy rod (27).

5. The real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock collapse based on the automatic hammering method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A stopper (25) with a circular ring-shaped protrusion is provided at the lower part of the lower iron core (24).

6. The real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock collapse based on the automatic hammering method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A rubber gasket (20) is fixedly mounted on the hammer bottom cover (21) around the circular hole.

7. A real-time monitoring method for dangerous rock collapse based on automatic hammering method, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring system for dangerous rock collapse based on the automatic hammering method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: S1. Install the equipment box near the dangerous rock mass and adjust the angle of the solar panel so that the solar panel faces south to ensure that it receives sunlight; S2. Find a flat area on the surface of the parent rock near the dangerous rock mass to be monitored, drill a hole with an electric drill, and install the automatic hammer on the flat surface of the parent rock using expansion screws; S3. Install a first acceleration sensor on the surface of the dangerous rock mass. The first acceleration sensor needs to be in close contact with the surface of the dangerous rock mass. S4, using 485 line to connect the automatic hammer control unit and data acquisition, the data acquisition device is connected to the data transmission module; S5, connecting the first acceleration sensor and the data acquisition instrument using a 485 line; S6, the data acquisition instrument sends out instructions to control the hammer control unit in the automatic hammer to generate hammer signals regularly, and the first acceleration sensor and the second acceleration sensor receive the hammer signals; the data acquisition instrument receives and records the first arrival time data t0 of the vibration signal of the second acceleration sensor, and records the first arrival time data t1 of the vibration signal of the first acceleration sensor, thereby calculating the time difference t between the two, and then calculating the frequency f, t=t1-t0 (1) f=1 / t (2) S7, monitoring the inclination deformation and acceleration change of the dangerous rock mass in real time through the first acceleration sensor, and measuring the angular velocity of the dangerous rock mass during movement to obtain monitoring data; S8. Wireless transmission is performed through the data transmission module to send the monitoring data to the data center for dangerous rock collapse monitoring and early warning.

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