Ground earthquake longitudinal and transverse wave three-domain matching method, electronic equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration, and particularly discloses a ground seismic longitudinal and transverse wave three-domain matching method, electronic equipment and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, processing VSP data, and establishing VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity models with the same depth and different velocities by using the VSP data; performing time-depth conversion by using a VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity model, converting a ground seismic time domain result into a depth domain, and realizing depth domain matching of ground seismic longitudinal waves and transverse waves; on the basis of a depth domain, on the basis of a VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave speed model, ground seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave time domain matching is achieved; and determining a matched frequency band through VSP same-depth frequency band scanning by using the processed VSP data, and carrying out co-resolution filtering processing on longitudinal waves and transverse waves of a ground earthquake to realize frequency matching of the longitudinal waves and the transverse waves. Local part time window matching is developed into overall multi-domain matching, the longitudinal and transverse wave matching precision and effect are greatly improved, and a foundation is laid for longitudinal and transverse wave combined interpretation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration, and particularly relates to a method for matching P-wave and S-wave in three domains for surface seismic exploration, an electronic device and a medium. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing complexity of exploration targets, it is becoming more and more difficult to search for oil and gas. The P-wave and S-wave oil and gas exploration provides more geophysical parameters for oil and gas exploration by using information such as the velocity, amplitude and frequency of P-waves and S-waves during their propagation in the formation, laying a foundation for high-precision oil and gas prediction. In the combined P-wave and S-wave exploration, the comprehensive interpretation of P-waves and S-waves is an important task. Due to the inconsistent propagation paths of P-waves and S-waves in the formation, different degrees of influence by formation absorption attenuation and formation anisotropy, there are differences in the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of P-waves and S-waves. Therefore, the matching of P-waves and S-waves is one of the difficulties. Only by achieving high-precision matching of P-waves and S-waves can the similarities and differences between P-waves and S-waves be comprehensively compared, providing a reliable basis for cross-interpretation. Therefore, the high-precision matching of P-waves and S-waves is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] The existing technical solutions for solving the above problems are mainly the coaxial similarity method, the prestack synthetic seismogram method and the seismic stratigraphy method, etc. These methods all rely on obvious wave group characteristics, high signal-to-noise ratio and relatively accurate velocity of P-wave and S-wave data. However, the following problems exist in practical applications: (1) There are large differences between P-wave and S-wave profiles, and the characteristics of only a few geological marker beds in a few areas are obvious, making it difficult to establish an accurate wave group correspondence relationship; (2) The signal-to-noise ratio of S-wave data is relatively low, and the coaxial characteristics of S-wave shot gather synthetic seismograms are not obvious, making it impossible to establish a correspondence relationship; (3) The compression factor obtained by dividing the S-wave velocity by the P-wave velocity changes from shallow to deep, and the above methods all obtain the compression factor with the local wave group characteristics as the reference point, which cannot represent the overall velocity ratio of P-waves and S-waves and cannot achieve the overall high-precision matching of the profile. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above deficiencies in the known technology, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for matching P-wave and S-wave in three domains for surface seismic exploration, aiming to improve the matching accuracy and effect of P-waves and S-waves.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A method for matching P-wave and S-wave in three domains for surface seismic exploration, the method first processes VSP data, and uses the VSP data to establish a VSP P-wave and S-wave velocity model with the same depth but different velocities; Performs time-depth conversion using the VSP P-wave and S-wave velocity model, converts the surface seismic time-domain results to the depth domain, and realizes the depth-domain matching of surface seismic P-waves and S-waves; on the basis of the depth domain, based on the VSP P-wave and S-wave velocity model, realizes the time-domain matching of surface seismic P-waves and S-waves; Using the processed VSP data, through VSP co-depth frequency band scanning, determine the matching frequency band, and perform co-resolution filtering on the longitudinal wave and transverse wave of surface seismic, so as to achieve the frequency matching of the longitudinal wave and transverse wave of surface seismic.

[0006] As a limitation, the method includes the following steps carried out in sequence: S1. VSP data processing: respectively pick the first arrivals of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave to obtain the time-depth curves of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave; remove the interference of the downgoing wave in the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave through wave field separation to obtain the remaining wave fields of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave containing the upgoing wave. S2. Construct the VSP co-depth velocity model: use the time-depth curves of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave to calculate the layer velocity of each point of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave respectively, adjust the layering position according to the change of the layer velocity, establish and optimize the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave co-depth velocity model according to the layering position to obtain the optimal velocity models of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave. S3. Surface seismic depth domain matching: use the optimal velocity models of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave to perform time-depth conversion on the time domain longitudinal wave and transverse wave data of surface seismic, and realize the overall matching of the surface seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave in the depth domain by comparing the seismic phases on the same depth axis. S4. Surface seismic time domain matching: on the basis of the depth domain, use the optimal velocity models of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave to perform depth-time conversion on the depth domain longitudinal wave and transverse wave data of surface seismic, and realize the overall matching of the surface seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave in the time domain by comparing the seismic phases on the same time axis. S5. VSP co-depth frequency band scanning: using depth as the scale, perform co-resolution filtering on the remaining wave fields of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave, analyze the corresponding relationship of the upgoing wave in the remaining wave fields of the longitudinal wave and transverse wave in different scanning frequency bands, and when the wave group characteristics of the upgoing wave fields in the remaining wave fields of the longitudinal wave and transverse wave are basically the same, determine the frequency band at this time as the matching frequency band. S6. Surface seismic frequency domain matching: perform co-resolution filtering on the longitudinal wave and transverse wave of surface seismic based on the matching frequency band to achieve the frequency matching of the longitudinal wave and transverse wave of surface seismic.

[0007] As a second limitation, in the step S1, pick the first arrivals of the Z component of the VSP longitudinal wave and the X component of the transverse wave respectively.

[0008] As a third limitation, the process of optimizing to obtain the optimal velocity models of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave in the step S2 is: adjust the layering position of the velocity models of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave until the error between the theoretical time-depth curve calculated by the velocity models of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave and the actual time-depth curve remains within ±2 ms, and the statistical law conforms to the normal distribution.

[0009] As a fourth limitation, the deep-time conversion in step S4 is to transfer the profiles of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave in the ground seismic depth domain to the longitudinal wave time domain or the transverse wave time domain.

[0010] As a fifth limitation, the co-resolution filtering process in steps S5 and S6 is to perform band-pass filtering with the same filtering parameters, so that the remaining wavefield data of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave are within the same frequency band range.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention discloses an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the above-mentioned ground seismic longitudinal and transverse wave three-domain matching method are implemented.

[0012] A third aspect of the present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the above-mentioned ground seismic longitudinal and transverse wave three-domain matching method are implemented.

[0013] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects obtained by the present invention are: (1) By establishing a complete set of matching processes, the present invention utilizes the high-precision velocity and high-resolution wavefield information of VSP to build a bridge between longitudinal wave data and transverse wave data, overcoming the dependence on the wave group characteristics and signal-to-noise ratio of longitudinal wave and transverse wave data in the prior art methods such as the in-phase axis similarity method, the prestack synthetic seismogram method, and the seismic stratigraphy method.

[0014] (2) The present invention develops the local time window matching of the previous method to the overall multi-domain matching, greatly improving the matching accuracy and effect of longitudinal and transverse waves, and laying a foundation for the joint interpretation of longitudinal and transverse waves.

[0015] In summary, the present invention greatly improves the matching accuracy and effect of longitudinal and transverse waves, and realizes the overall high-precision matching of longitudinal and transverse wave profiles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a time-depth curve graph of VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a remaining wavefield profile graph of VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an optimal velocity model graph of VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5It is the time-domain profile of the surface seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 It is the depth-domain profile of the surface seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 It is the longitudinal wave time-domain profile of the surface seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 It is the transverse wave time-domain profile of the surface seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 It is the comparison diagram of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave residual wave fields including the up-going wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 10 It is the comparison diagram of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave residual wave fields including the up-going wave after frequency-domain matching in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 11 It is the profile diagram after frequency-domain matching of the surface seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 12 It is the layer interpretation result of the surface seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave in the depth domain in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 13 It is the reservoir parameter interpretation result of the target layer of the surface seismic longitudinal wave and transverse wave in the depth domain in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Specific Embodiment

[0018] To better explain the present invention for easy understanding, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings through specific embodiments.

[0019] Embodiment 1 Surface Seismic Longitudinal and Transverse Wave Three-Domain Matching Method This embodiment provides a surface seismic longitudinal and transverse wave three-domain matching method, as Figure 1 shown, including the following steps carried out in sequence: S1. VSP (Vertical Seismic Profile) data processing: First arrival picking is respectively carried out on the Z component of the VSP longitudinal wave and the X component of the VSP transverse wave to obtain the time-depth curves of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave; the interference of the down-going wave in the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave is removed through wave field separation to obtain the residual wave fields of the VSP longitudinal wave and transverse wave including the up-going wave.

[0020] As Figure 2 shown, the curve on the left side of the figure represents the longitudinal wave time-depth curve, and the curve on the right side represents the transverse wave time-depth curve. It can be seen from the figure that when the depths corresponding to the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave are the same, the time corresponding to the transverse wave is greater than that of the longitudinal wave. Figure 3 (a) is the wave profile diagram of the VSP longitudinal wave residual wave field, Figure 3(b) is the profile of the VSP shear wave residual wave field. The residual wave field can more realistically show the reflection wave characteristics of seismic waves at each wave impedance interface. In order to maintain the original characteristics of the up-going wave, not too much processing is performed on it.

[0021] S2. Construct a VSP same-depth velocity model. Using the time-depth curves of the VSP compressional wave and shear wave, calculate the layer velocities of the VSP compressional wave and shear wave point by point respectively. According to the variation of the VSP compressional wave and shear wave layer velocities, establish and optimize the VSP compressional wave and shear wave same-depth velocity models to obtain the optimal velocity models of the VSP compressional wave and shear wave.

[0022] Specifically, adjust the layering positions of the VSP compressional wave and shear wave velocity models until the error between the theoretical time-depth curves calculated by the VSP compressional wave and shear wave velocity models and the actual time-depth curves obtained from the first arrival picking in step S1 remains within ±2 ms, and the statistical law conforms to the normal distribution. Then, it is considered that the optimal velocity models of the VSP compressional wave and shear wave are obtained. Figure 4 (a) is the diagram of the optimal velocity model of the VSP compressional wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Among them, ① is the velocity model after the compressional wave is squared, ② is the VSP compressional wave layer velocity, ③ is the error statistical analysis curve, and ④ is used to check the coincidence degree of the time-depth curve. The error between the theoretical time-depth curve calculated by the VSP compressional wave velocity model and the actual time-depth curve is less than ±0.74 ms. Figure 4 (b) is the diagram of the optimal velocity model of the VSP shear wave in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The error between the theoretical time-depth curve calculated by the VSP compressional wave velocity model and the actual time-depth curve is less than ±1.69 ms.

[0023] S3. Ground seismic depth domain matching. Compare the Figure 5 time-domain profile of the ground seismic compressional wave shown in (a) and Figure 5 the time-domain profile of the ground seismic shear wave shown in (b). The differences between the two are relatively large. Except for the standard layer represented by ⑤, there are differences to varying degrees in the remaining horizons and they cannot be directly compared and analyzed by the conventional coaxial similarity method. In order to realize the joint interpretation of the compressional wave and shear wave in the same domain, using the optimal velocity models of the VSP compressional wave and shear wave, perform time-depth conversion on the time-domain VSP compressional wave and shear wave data of the ground seismic to obtain the Figure 6 depth-domain profile of the ground seismic compressional wave shown in (a) and Figure 6 the depth-domain profile of the ground seismic shear wave shown in (b). The compressional wave and shear wave data converted to the depth domain have a common depth range from shallow to deep and the depths correspond to each other. Through the comparison of the seismic phases at the same depth axis, the overall matching of the VSP compressional wave and shear wave in the depth domain is realized.

[0024] S4. Ground seismic time-domain matching. Based on the depth domain, using the optimal velocity models of VSP P-waves and S-waves, perform depth-time conversion on the depth-domain P-wave and S-wave data of the ground seismic. The converted P-wave and S-wave data in the time domain have a common time range from shallow to deep and corresponding times. By comparing the seismic phases on the same time axis, achieve the overall matching of the ground seismic P-waves and S-waves in the time domain.

[0025] Specifically, perform depth-time conversion on the depth-domain P-wave and S-wave data of the ground seismic, that is, transfer the P-wave and S-wave profiles in the ground seismic depth domain to the P-wave time domain or the S-wave time domain, and obtain the P-wave time-domain profile of the ground seismic P-waves as shown in Figure 7 Figure (a); Figure 7 the P-wave time-domain profile of the ground seismic S-waves as shown in Figure 8 Figure (b); or obtain the S-wave time-domain profile of the ground seismic P-waves as shown in Figure 8 Figure (a) and Figure 7 the S-wave time-domain profile of the ground seismic S-waves as shown in Figure 7 Figure (b). By comparing Figure 8 Figure (a) and Figure 8 Figure (b), or by comparing

[0026] Figure (a) and

[0027] Figure (b), the profile characteristics of the P-waves and S-waves after in-domain processing are basically the same at the main marker horizons. There are differences at individual positions affected by frequency, which affect the overall understanding of the profile and require frequency-domain matching. Figure 9 As shown in the figure, it is a comparison diagram of the VSP P-wave and S-wave residual wave fields containing the up-going waves. On the left side of the figure is the VSP S-wave residual wave field profile, and on the right side is the VSP P-wave residual wave field profile. Most of the wave group characteristics of the P-wave and S-wave up-going wave fields in the figure have a good relationship. Only at positions T1 and T11, the differences between the P-waves and S-waves are relatively large. The energy of the up-going reflected wave at position T1 in the P-wave profile is stronger than that at position T11, and the energy of the up-going reflected wave at position T1 in the S-wave profile is weaker than that at position T11. Figure 10The figure shows a comparison diagram of the VSP P-wave and S-wave residual wave fields containing the up-going wave after frequency-domain matching. On the left side of the figure is the VSP S-wave residual wave field profile, and on the right side is the VSP P-wave residual wave field profile. When low-pass filtering is performed at (15, 20) Hz, the wave group characteristics of the up-going wave fields of the P-wave and S-wave are basically the same, and the frequency band of (15, 20) Hz is determined as the matching frequency band.

[0028] S6. Ground seismic frequency-domain matching. Based on the matching frequency band, co-resolution filtering is performed on the P-wave and S-wave of the ground seismic data. After processing, as shown in Figure 11 (a) The cross-sectional diagram of the ground seismic P-wave after frequency-domain matching and Figure 11 (b) The cross-sectional diagram of the ground seismic S-wave after frequency-domain matching; after processing, the cross-sectional characteristics of the two are basically the same, achieving the frequency matching of the ground seismic P-wave and S-wave.

[0029] Through steps S1 - S6, the matching of the ground seismic P-wave and S-wave is completed. Based on this, in this embodiment, the horizon calibration and interpretation work of the P-wave and S-wave and the prediction of elastic parameters in the target interval are completed on the depth-domain cross-section. Figure 12 (a) shows the horizon interpretation results of the ground seismic P-wave in the depth domain, where ⑥ is the P-wave interpreted fault; Figure 12 (b) shows the horizon interpretation results of the ground seismic S-wave in the depth domain, and ⑦ is the S-wave interpreted fault. Figure 13 (a) shows the P-wave and S-wave velocity ratio in the target interval, Figure 13 (b) shows the Poisson's ratio in the target interval, Figure 13 (c) shows the shear modulus in the target interval, Figure 13 (d) shows the Young's modulus in the target interval. Based on the above-obtained seismic elastic parameters, the lithology change characteristics of the target interval are further studied.

[0030] Embodiment 2 Electronic Device and Storage Medium for Three-Domain Matching of Ground Seismic P-Wave and S-Wave The electronic device in this embodiment uses a computer device, including a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for three-domain matching of ground seismic P-wave and S-wave in Embodiment 1 can be implemented.

[0031] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the method for three-domain matching of surface seismic longitudinal and transverse waves in Embodiment 1. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium includes: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disc, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal, and software distribution medium, etc.

Claims

1. A method for three-domain matching of surface seismic longitudinal and transverse waves, characterized in that The method first processes the VSP data, and uses the VSP data to establish VSP P-wave and S-wave velocity models with the same depth but different velocities; Performs time-depth conversion using the VSP P-wave and S-wave velocity models, converts the ground seismic time-domain results to the depth domain, and realizes the matching of the ground seismic P-wave and S-wave in the depth domain; On the basis of the depth domain, based on the VSP P-wave and S-wave velocity models, realizes the matching of the ground seismic P-wave and S-wave in the time domain; Using the processed VSP data, determines the matching frequency band through VSP same-depth frequency band scanning, performs co-resolution filtering on the P-wave and S-wave of the ground seismic, and realizes the frequency matching of the ground seismic P-wave and S-wave.

2. A method for matching P-wave and S-wave in three domains of surface seismic exploration, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps carried out in sequence: S1. VSP data processing, respectively picks the first arrivals of the VSP P-wave and S-wave to obtain the time-depth curves of the VSP P-wave and S-wave; removes the interference of the downgoing waves in the VSP P-wave and S-wave through wave field separation to obtain the remaining wave fields of the VSP P-wave and S-wave containing the upgoing waves; S2. Constructs a VSP same-depth velocity model, uses the time-depth curves of the VSP P-wave and S-wave to calculate the layer velocities of each point of the VSP P-wave and S-wave respectively, adjusts the layering position according to the change of the layer velocity, and establishes and optimizes the VSP P-wave and S-wave same-depth velocity models according to the layering position to obtain the optimal velocity models of the VSP P-wave and S-wave; S3. Ground seismic depth domain matching, uses the optimal velocity models of the VSP P-wave and S-wave to perform time-depth conversion on the time-domain P-wave and S-wave data of the ground seismic, and realizes the overall matching of the ground seismic P-wave and S-wave in the depth domain by comparing the seismic phases on the same depth axis; S4. Ground seismic time domain matching, on the basis of the depth domain, uses the optimal velocity models of the VSP P-wave and S-wave to perform depth-time conversion on the depth-domain P-wave and S-wave data of the ground seismic, and realizes the overall matching of the ground seismic P-wave and S-wave in the time domain by comparing the seismic phases on the same time axis; S5. VSP same-depth frequency band scanning, using depth as the scale, performs co-resolution filtering on the remaining wave fields of the VSP P-wave and S-wave, analyzes the corresponding relationship of the upgoing waves in the remaining wave fields of the P-wave and S-wave in different scanning frequency bands, and when the wave group characteristics of the upgoing wave fields in the remaining wave fields of the P-wave and S-wave are basically the same, determines the frequency band at this time as the matching frequency band; S6. Ground seismic frequency domain matching, performs co-resolution filtering on the P-wave and S-wave of the ground seismic based on the matching frequency band to realize the frequency matching of the ground seismic P-wave and S-wave.

3. The ground seismic longitudinal and transverse wave three-domain matching method according to claim 2, wherein In the step S1, the first arrivals are respectively picked for the Z component of the VSP P-wave and the X component of the S-wave.

4. The ground seismic longitudinal and transverse wave three-domain matching method according to claim 2, characterized in that The process of optimizing to obtain the optimal velocity models of the VSP P-wave and S-wave in the step S2 is: adjusting the layering positions of the velocity models of the VSP P-wave and S-wave until the error between the theoretical time-depth curve calculated by the velocity models of the VSP P-wave and S-wave and the actual time-depth curve obtained by the first arrival picking in the step S1 remains within ±2 ms, and the statistical law conforms to the normal distribution.

5. The ground seismic longitudinal and transverse wave three-domain matching method according to claim 2, wherein The depth-time conversion in the step S4 is to transfer the profiles of the P-wave and S-wave in the ground seismic depth domain to the P-wave time domain or the S-wave time domain.

6. The method for matching P-wave and S-wave in three domains for surface seismic exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The co-resolution filtering process in the step S5 and the step S6 is to perform band-pass filtering with the same filtering parameters, so that the residual wavefield data of the VSP P-wave and S-wave are within the same frequency band range.

7. An electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-6.

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