Optimized layout design method for transformer substation

Abstract

The invention discloses a transformer substation optimization layout design method, and belongs to the technical field of transformer substation operation optimization. A transformer substation peripheral model and an indoor model are constructed, and the solar radiation amount of each part of a transformer substation building and the indoor refrigeration load are subjected to simulation analysis; a photovoltaic laying scheme and an indoor refrigeration scheme of each part of an external envelope structure of a building are designed, so that a photovoltaic integrated design and a passive energy-saving design of the transformer substation are effectively combined, solar energy resources on the surface of the building can be utilized to the maximum extent, an indoor natural ventilation design can be optimized, the service time of refrigeration equipment is shortened, and the service life of the transformer substation is prolonged. Therefore, refrigeration energy consumption is reduced and overall energy utilization rate of the substation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of substation operation optimization, and specifically, to a method for optimizing the layout design of a substation. Background Art

[0002] In the design and operation of traditional substation buildings, problems such as high energy consumption, low efficiency, and large carbon emissions are often faced. This not only increases the operation cost but also has a negative impact on the environment. With the global emphasis on sustainable development, how to effectively reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions of substation buildings has become a technical problem to be solved urgently. Globally, the energy consumption of the building industry accounts for 35% of the global energy consumption. With the continuous growth of energy demand and the increasingly serious environmental problems, building energy conservation has become an important research field. The photovoltaic building integration technology combines the solar power generation system with the building design, which can not only effectively reduce the building energy consumption but also significantly reduce the carbon emissions. This technology has been widely applied in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan and has achieved remarkable results. By optimizing the plane layout, envelope structure, and ventilation system of the building, the purpose of reducing energy consumption is achieved, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the building and the indoor environmental quality. However, in substation buildings, how to effectively combine the photovoltaic integration and passive energy-saving design and quantitatively analyze their energy-saving and carbon-reducing effects is still an area that has not been fully explored. In the energy-saving design of substation buildings, the existing technologies often only focus on the optimization of a single aspect and lack comprehensive solutions.

[0003] Chinese Patent, Publication No.: CN113988463A, Publication Date: January 28, 2022, discloses a planning method for a multi-station integrated distribution network substation. By constructing a planning model for the distribution network substation according to the service life and annual income of the distribution network substation, combined with the construction costs of charging piles, photovoltaic panels, and energy storage devices, and determining the constraint conditions of the planning model for the distribution network substation; based on the particle swarm algorithm, the planning model for the distribution network substation is solved on the premise of meeting the constraint conditions to obtain the optimal solution for the substation planning, and the number of charging piles and energy storage devices and the installation area of photovoltaic panels in the distribution network substation are set according to the optimal solution. Although the layout of the photovoltaic components is optimized to a certain extent, the impact of the substation building itself on reducing energy consumption is still not considered. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problem that the operation effect of a substation is not good because the substation planning is difficult to fully consider the relationship between the substation building itself in improving energy utilization rate and reducing additional energy consumption, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout design of a substation. By constructing an outer model and an indoor model of the substation, the solar radiation amount of each part of the substation building and the cooling load indoors are respectively simulated and analyzed, and the photovoltaic laying scheme for each part of the building envelope structure and the indoor cooling scheme are designed, so as to effectively combine the photovoltaic integration design and the passive energy-saving design of the substation. It can not only maximize the utilization of solar energy resources on the building surface, but also optimize the indoor natural ventilation design, thereby reducing the usage time of the cooling equipment, reducing the cooling energy consumption, and improving the overall energy utilization rate of the substation.

[0005] In a first aspect, a technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention is: a method for optimizing the layout design of a substation, including the following steps: S1. Obtain the substation structure data and equipment data based on service requirements, and respectively construct an outer model and an indoor model of the substation based on the structure data and the equipment data; S2. Adjust the simulated sunshine parameters, and perform simulated sunshine on the outer model of the substation in a simulated environment to obtain the solar radiation amount; adjust the temperature control parameters, and perform temperature control simulation on the indoor model of the substation in a simulated environment to obtain the cooling load; S3. The photovoltaic power generation calculation rule obtains the photovoltaic power generation amount in response to the substation structure data and the solar radiation amount; the cooling energy consumption calculation rule obtains the cooling energy consumption in response to the substation equipment data and the cooling load; S4. Iteratively simulate the outer model and the indoor model of the substation with the highest photovoltaic power generation amount and the lowest cooling energy consumption as the goals respectively, and obtain the substation optimization layout strategy based on the simulation results; the substation manager adjusts the substation structure and the cooling method in response to the optimization layout strategy.

[0006] In this solution, by accurately simulating the sunshine situation and calculating the photovoltaic power generation amount accordingly, the solar energy resources can be maximally utilized, the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system can be improved, the cooling load is determined through temperature control simulation, and then the cooling energy consumption calculation is optimized, which helps to reduce unnecessary energy consumption and improve the overall energy utilization efficiency. And because it is simulated in a simulated environment, the experimental cost generated when adjusting the equipment during the experiment can be reduced, and at the same time, the simulation efficiency can be improved by adjusting the experimental time; by effectively combining the photovoltaic integration design and the passive energy-saving design of the substation, it can not only maximize the utilization of solar energy resources on the building surface, but also optimize the indoor natural ventilation design, thereby reducing the usage time of the cooling equipment, reducing the cooling energy consumption, and improving the overall energy utilization rate of the substation.

[0007] Preferably, in S1, substation structure data and equipment data are obtained based on business requirements, and a substation peripheral model and a substation indoor model are constructed based on the structure data and the equipment data respectively, including the following steps: Obtain substation structure data based on business requirements, including at least substation civil engineering structure data, substation building material data, and substation location data; obtain equipment data, including at least equipment type, equipment energy consumption, equipment quantity, and equipment installation location; construct a substation peripheral model and a substation indoor model in proportion based on the structure data and the equipment data respectively.

[0008] In this solution, by obtaining detailed substation structure data (such as civil engineering structure, building materials, location, etc.) and equipment data (such as equipment type, energy consumption, quantity, installation location, etc.), a highly accurate substation model can be constructed, ensuring that the simulation results can truly reflect the actual operation of the substation, thereby improving the closeness between the simulation results and the actual implementation results and enhancing the reliability of the simulation results.

[0009] Preferably, in S2, adjust the simulated sunshine parameters, and perform simulated sunshine on the substation peripheral model in the simulated environment to obtain the solar radiation amount, including the following steps: Traverse the historical environmental data around the substation to find the sunshine year with the longest annual sunshine time of the substation, set the corresponding sunshine time and solar movement route based on the historical environmental data corresponding to the sunshine year, and construct the corresponding outdoor simulated environment; Collect the annual solar radiation amount on the substation building surface of the substation peripheral model in the outdoor simulated environment.

[0010] In this solution, through simulated sunshine, the solar radiation amount of the substation peripheral model in a specific year (i.e., the year with the longest annual sunshine time) can be accurately calculated, which helps to understand the solar radiation intensity received by the substation building surface in different seasons and different time periods, providing data support for subsequent designs such as energy utilization and heat island effect mitigation; by traversing the historical environmental data, finding the year with the longest annual sunshine time, and setting the simulation parameters based on the data of that year, the representativeness of the simulation results can be ensured, while unnecessary repeated simulations are avoided, improving the simulation efficiency.

[0011] Preferably, in S2, adjust the temperature control parameters, and perform temperature control simulation on the substation indoor model in the simulated environment to obtain the cooling load, including the following steps: Construct the corresponding indoor simulated environment based on the historical equipment operation data of the substation corresponding to the sunshine year, and record the cooling load for controlling the indoor temperature within the set temperature threshold in the indoor simulated environment under the outdoor simulated environment.

[0012] In this solution, by simulating the indoor environment of the substation under different temperature control parameters, the cooling load required to control the indoor temperature within the set temperature threshold can be accurately predicted under different seasons and weather conditions. This helps to plan the capacity and configuration of the cooling equipment in advance, ensure the normal operation of the substation, and also provides a data basis for finding the optimal cooling solution in the future.

[0013] Preferably, in S3, the photovoltaic power generation calculation rule obtains the photovoltaic power generation in response to the substation structure data and the solar radiation amount, including the following steps: Obtain the peripheral structure area of the substation based on the substation civil engineering structure data in the substation structure data, and obtain the photovoltaic power generation per unit area based on the peripheral structure area of the substation and the solar radiation amount; Obtain the photovoltaic power generation outside the substation based on the solar radiation amount per unit area, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and the number of photovoltaic devices.

[0014] In this solution, by determining the peripheral structure area based on the civil engineering structure information in the substation structure data and combining the solar radiation amount data, the photovoltaic power generation per unit area can be accurately calculated, which helps to evaluate the photovoltaic power generation potential of the surrounding area of the substation and provides a reliable basis for the planning and design of the subsequent photovoltaic power station; based on the accurate calculation results of photovoltaic power generation, it can provide a scientific basis for decision-making such as the energy management of the substation, the planning and construction of the photovoltaic power station, etc., which helps to ensure the rationality and effectiveness of the decision-making and improve the overall performance of the substation.

[0015] Preferably, in S3, the cooling energy consumption calculation rule obtains the cooling energy consumption in response to the substation equipment data and the cooling load, including the following steps: Obtain the equipment heat dissipation power based on the equipment energy consumption in the equipment data, and obtain the equipment power density based on the equipment heat dissipation power and the number of equipment; Obtain the cooling load based on the equipment power density and the substation building floor area in the substation civil engineering structure data, and obtain the cooling energy consumption based on the cooling load and the cooling time.

[0016] In this solution, by obtaining the equipment heat dissipation power based on the equipment energy consumption and further combining the number of equipment to calculate the equipment power density, the heat load of the equipment in the substation can be accurately evaluated, which helps to determine the required cooling capacity of the substation, ensure the effective operation of the cooling system and the efficient utilization of energy. By accurately calculating the cooling load and the cooling time, accurate cooling energy consumption data can be obtained, which helps to evaluate the energy efficiency of the cooling system and take corresponding measures to improve the energy utilization efficiency, such as optimizing the operation strategy and improving the equipment performance, etc., and also provides a data basis for obtaining the optimal cooling solution in the future.

[0017] Preferably, in S4, iterative simulation of the substation peripheral model is performed with the maximum photovoltaic power generation as the goal, including the following steps: In an outdoor simulation environment, photovoltaic power generation equipment is laid on the building surfaces in the substation perimeter model based on the photovoltaic power generation per unit area. The number of photovoltaic power generation equipment installed on different building surfaces is adjusted under the same lighting conditions to obtain the total photovoltaic power generation curve of the substation perimeter model.

[0018] In this scheme, by laying photovoltaic power generation equipment on the building surface in the substation perimeter model based on the size of photovoltaic power generation per unit area in an outdoor simulation environment, the power generation efficiency at different locations can be intuitively seen, which helps to optimize the layout of photovoltaic power generation equipment and ensure the maximum power generation benefit in a limited space; by adjusting the number of photovoltaic power generation equipment set on different building surfaces under the same lighting conditions, the total photovoltaic power generation curve of the substation perimeter model can be obtained, which helps to identify the best configuration of power generation equipment, that is, to determine how many photovoltaic power generation equipment should be installed at each location to achieve the highest power generation efficiency while ensuring safety.

[0019] Preferably, in S4, iterative simulation of the indoor model of the substation is performed with the goal of minimizing cooling energy consumption, including the following steps: The substation building exterior wall material is set to cement fiberboard to simulate the operation of the substation indoor model, and the temperature change curve of the substation indoor model is collected when the equipment is running naturally; The time area corresponding to the temperature exceeding the set temperature threshold in the temperature change curve is taken as the temperature control area, and the ratio of the refrigeration equipment operation time and the ventilation time in the temperature control area is adjusted to obtain the refrigeration energy consumption curve of the substation indoor model.

[0020] In this scheme, by simulating the operation of the indoor model of the substation and collecting the temperature change curve of the equipment during natural operation, the change of indoor temperature can be accurately understood, which helps to identify the time periods in which the temperature exceeds the set temperature threshold, so as to optimize the cooling strategy for these temperature control areas; when the refrigeration equipment is on standby, indoor cooling is mainly achieved through natural heat exchange and ventilation. The cooling energy consumption generated in this process is very small. Therefore, by extending the time ratio of cooling in the above manner as much as possible, the cooling energy consumption can be reduced. By adjusting the ratio of the refrigeration equipment operating time to the ventilation time, the best refrigeration solution can be found to reduce the cooling energy consumption. Optimizing the refrigeration strategy not only helps to reduce cooling energy consumption, but also improves energy utilization efficiency. By accurately controlling the operating time of the refrigeration equipment and the ventilation time, unnecessary energy waste can be avoided to ensure that every bit of energy can be fully utilized.

[0021] Preferably, in S4, an optimized substation layout strategy is obtained based on the simulation results, including the following steps: Take the photovoltaic power generation equipment laying plan corresponding to the highest photovoltaic power generation amount in the simulation results as the optimized photovoltaic layout strategy, and take the ratio of the equipment operation time to the ventilation time corresponding to the lowest cooling energy consumption in the simulation results as the cooling optimization strategy; Take the optimized photovoltaic layout strategy and the optimized cooling layout strategy as the optimized substation layout strategy.

[0022] In this solution, by continuously simulating and iterating, the laying method of the photovoltaic equipment in the substation when the photovoltaic power generation is the highest and the best cooling strategy in the substation are found, so as to meet the requirement that the photovoltaic integration design can make full use of the solar radiation potential on the building surface, thereby improving the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. And by reasonably selecting the materials for the substation enclosure structure and optimizing the natural ventilation design, the dependence on the air conditioning system for heat dissipation is reduced, and the cooling energy consumption of the substation is further reduced, achieving an approximately ideal operation effect of the substation.

[0023] Preferably, in S4, the substation manager adjusts the substation structure and cooling method in response to the optimized layout strategy, including the following steps: Lay the corresponding number of photovoltaic power generation equipment on the walls at the corresponding positions outside the substation based on the photovoltaic power generation equipment laying plan in the optimized layout strategy, and take the ratio of the equipment operation time to the ventilation time in the optimized layout strategy as the indoor cooling plan of the substation.

[0024] In this solution, through precise simulation, the substation to be optimized on the spot is modeled in equal proportion, and then according to the iterative simulation of the photovoltaic power generation situation and the indoor cooling situation of the substation, the best optimized layout plan is obtained, and the substation layout is adjusted according to the optimized layout plan, thereby improving the overall operation efficiency of the substation.

[0025] Advantages of the present invention: (1) By reasonably arranging the photovoltaic modules and selecting high-efficiency and energy-saving materials in the present invention, the cooling energy consumption per unit area of the building is significantly reduced, and the energy utilization rate is improved; (2) Through the photovoltaic integration design and passive energy-saving optimization in the present invention, an effective technical strategy is provided for the green transformation of the substation building, with significant energy-saving and carbon-reduction effects and economic benefits; (3) By reducing the equipment energy consumption and improving the utilization efficiency of clean energy in the present invention, the carbon emissions are significantly reduced, which is helpful for environmental protection and meets the requirements of sustainable development.

[0026] The above summary of the invention is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention are hereinafter specifically exemplified. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] By reading the detailed description of the non-restrictive embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious. The drawings are only for the purpose of showing the preferred embodiments and are not considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components.

[0028] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method for optimizing the layout design of a substation according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a distribution diagram of the annual cooling load of the substation building in this embodiment; Figure 3 is a relationship diagram between the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall and the cooling energy consumption per unit area of the building in this embodiment; Figure 4 is a relationship diagram between the natural ventilation rate and the cooling energy consumption per unit area of the building in this embodiment; Figure 5 is a diagram of the indoor air temperature change when the annual natural ventilation rate is 5 times in this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only the best embodiments of the present invention, which are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although the flowcharts depict the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations (or steps) can be implemented in parallel, concurrently or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operations are completed, but it can also have additional steps not included in the drawings; the process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

[0031] Embodiment: As Figure 1As shown in the figure, in order to solve the problem of poor operation effect of substations caused by the difficulty in fully considering the relationship between the substation building itself and improving energy utilization rate and reducing additional energy consumption in substation planning, this embodiment provides a substation optimal layout design method, including the following steps: S1: Obtain substation structure data and equipment data based on service requirements, and construct a substation peripheral model and a substation indoor model based on the structure data and equipment data respectively.

[0032] In this embodiment, obtaining substation structure data and equipment data based on service requirements, and constructing a substation peripheral model and a substation indoor model based on the structure data and equipment data respectively, includes the following steps: Obtain substation structure data based on service requirements, including at least substation civil engineering structure data, substation building material data, and substation location data; obtain equipment data, including at least equipment type, equipment energy consumption, equipment quantity, and equipment installation location; construct a substation peripheral model and a substation indoor model in proportion based on the structure data and equipment data respectively.

[0033] In this embodiment, by obtaining detailed substation structure data (such as civil engineering structure, building materials, location, etc.) and equipment data (such as equipment type, energy consumption, quantity, installation location, etc.), a highly accurate substation model can be constructed, ensuring that the simulation results can truly reflect the actual operation of the substation, thereby improving the closeness between the simulation results and the actual implementation results and the reliability of the simulation results.

[0034] S2: Adjust the simulated sunshine parameters, and perform simulated sunshine on the substation peripheral model in the simulated environment to obtain the solar radiation amount; adjust the temperature control parameters, and perform temperature control simulation on the substation indoor model in the simulated environment to obtain the cooling load.

[0035] In this embodiment, adjusting the simulated sunshine parameters and performing simulated sunshine on the substation peripheral model in the simulated environment to obtain the solar radiation amount, includes the following steps: Traverse the historical environmental data around the substation to find the sunshine year with the longest annual sunshine time of the substation, set the corresponding sunshine time and solar movement route based on the historical environmental data corresponding to the sunshine year, and construct the corresponding outdoor simulated environment; Collect the annual solar radiation amount on the surface of the substation building of the substation peripheral model in the outdoor simulated environment.

[0036] Specifically, this embodiment uses the light environment simulation software Ecotect to simulate and calculate the annual solar radiation amount on the building skin. Taking a certain substation as an example, the simulation results of the annual solar radiation amount on the surface of the substation building are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Annual solar radiation amount of the substation building Location <![CDATA[Structural area (m 2 )]]> Annual solar radiation (kW·h) Roof A 113 119979 Roof B 308 339102 Southwest wall 96 79287 Southeast wall 242 114686 Northeast wall 40 12480 Canopy 27 28822 Pump house roof 43 47123 Auxiliary house roof 48 52602 In the table, the annual solar radiation of Roof B can reach up to approximately 340,000 kW·h / a; the annual solar radiation of Roof A, the southeast wall, and the southwest wall is slightly lower, about 80,000 - 120,000 kW·h / a; the annual solar radiation of the northeast wall is the lowest, about 10,000 kW·h / a. In addition, the annual solar radiation of the roofs of the surrounding buildings (pump houses and auxiliary buildings) was also evaluated, and all can reach approximately 50,000 kW·h / a.

[0037] In this embodiment, by simulating sunlight, the solar radiation of the substation peripheral model in a specific year (i.e., the year with the longest annual sunshine hours) can be accurately calculated, which helps to understand the solar radiation intensity received by the substation building surface in different seasons and different time periods, providing data support for subsequent designs such as energy utilization and heat island effect mitigation; by traversing historical environmental data, finding the year with the longest annual sunshine hours, and setting simulation parameters based on the data of that year, the representativeness of the simulation results can be ensured, while unnecessary repeated simulations are avoided, improving the simulation efficiency.

[0038] In this embodiment, to adjust the temperature control parameters and perform temperature control simulation on the substation indoor model in the simulation environment to obtain the cooling load, the following steps are included: Based on the substation historical equipment operation data corresponding to the sunshine year, construct the corresponding indoor simulation environment, and record the cooling load for controlling the indoor temperature within the set temperature threshold in the indoor simulation environment under the outdoor simulation environment.

[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment, DesignBuilder software is used for simulation. The reference building uses conventional enclosure structure materials. The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall is 0.32 W / (m2·K), and the structure from the outside to the inside is 0.8 mm aluminum-magnesium-manganese plate + 100 mm thick fireproof rock wool + vertical keel, exterior wall panel connectors + wall main purlins + self-adhesive waterproof and airtight membrane + 100 mm thick polystyrene granule cement composite board + 0.6 mm color steel plate. The heat transfer coefficient of the roof is 0.68 W / (m2·K), and the structure from top to bottom is surface profiled metal sheet + single-layer waterproof coiled material + 70 mm rock wool board + vapor barrier + bottom profiled steel sheet and purlin. The outer window frame is made of heat-insulating metal profiles, with a heat transfer coefficient of 5.8 W / (m2·K) and a frame area of 20%. The glass is double-pane insulating glass (6 transparent + 12 air + 6 transparent), with a heat transfer coefficient of 3.4 W / (m2·K).

[0040] In this embodiment, by simulating the substation indoor environment under different temperature control parameters, the cooling load required to control the indoor temperature within the set temperature threshold in different seasons and different weather conditions can be accurately predicted, which helps to plan the capacity and configuration of the cooling equipment in advance, ensure the normal operation of the substation, and also provides a data basis for subsequent searching for the optimal cooling solution.

[0041] S3: The photovoltaic power generation calculation rule obtains the photovoltaic power generation amount in response to the substation structure data and the solar radiation amount; the refrigeration energy consumption calculation rule obtains the refrigeration energy consumption in response to the substation equipment data and the refrigeration load.

[0042] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation calculation rule obtains the photovoltaic power generation amount in response to the substation structure data and the solar radiation amount, including the following steps: Based on the substation civil engineering structure data in the substation structure data, obtain the area of the substation peripheral structure, and based on the area of the substation peripheral structure and the solar radiation amount, obtain the photovoltaic power generation amount per unit area; Based on the solar radiation amount per unit area, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and the number of photovoltaic devices, obtain the photovoltaic power generation amount of the substation periphery.

[0043] Specifically, in this embodiment, based on the solar radiation amount analysis result of the light environment simulation software Ecotect, estimate the photovoltaic installable area and the photovoltaic power generation amount of each part of the building envelope structure. The results are shown in Table 2: Table 2. Annual Photovoltaic Power Generation Evaluation of the Building Location <![CDATA[Structural area (m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Photovoltaic laying area (m 2 )]]> Annual photovoltaic power generation (kW·h) Roof A 113 83 12866 Roof B 308 255 40989 Southwest wall 96 82 9888 Southeast wall 242 159 11001 Northeast wall 40 31 1412 Canopy 27 27 4208 Pump house roof 43 20 3200 Auxiliary house roof 48 48 7680 Total 917 705 91244 In the table, the total annual photovoltaic power generation amount of the main building roof (A and B) is about 53,000 kW·h / a; the walls are mainly laid on three sides, namely the southwest wall, the southeast wall, and the northeast wall, and the total annual photovoltaic power generation amount is about 22,000 kW·h / a; reasonably utilize the canopy roof to lay photovoltaic modules, and the annual photovoltaic power generation amount can reach about 4,000 kW·h / a. In addition, the total annual photovoltaic power generation amount of the roofs of the surrounding buildings (pump house and auxiliary building) is about 11,000 kW·h / a. The total annual photovoltaic power generation amount of this scheme reaches 91,000 kW·h / a. The annual photovoltaic power generation amount is estimated using high-efficiency crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, and the rated conversion efficiency is estimated at 20%, and considering the deviation from the rated operating conditions of the modules, dust accumulation, and inverter losses, it is estimated at 73%.

[0044] In this embodiment, by determining the peripheral structure area based on the civil engineering structure information in the substation structure data and combining the solar radiation amount data, the photovoltaic power generation amount per unit area can be accurately calculated, which helps to evaluate the photovoltaic power generation potential of the surrounding area of the substation and provides a reliable basis for the subsequent planning and design of the photovoltaic power station; based on the accurate photovoltaic power generation calculation results, it can provide a scientific basis for decision-making such as the energy management of the substation, the planning and construction of the photovoltaic power station, etc., which helps to ensure the rationality and effectiveness of the decision-making and improve the overall performance of the substation.

[0045] In this embodiment, the refrigeration energy consumption calculation rule obtains the refrigeration energy consumption in response to the substation equipment data and the refrigeration load, including the following steps: Based on the equipment energy consumption in the equipment data, obtain the equipment heat dissipation power, and based on the equipment heat dissipation power and the number of equipment, obtain the equipment power density; The cooling load is obtained based on the equipment power density and the floor area of the substation building in the substation civil structure data, and the cooling energy consumption is obtained based on the cooling load and the cooling time.

[0046] Specifically, to ensure that the indoor temperature of the substation is within the set range, the temperature threshold in this embodiment is set to 40 degrees Celsius. The indoor structure of the substation and its equipment power density are shown in the following table: Table 3. Indoor equipment power density Heat dissipation power (W) <![CDATA[Floor area (m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Power density (W / m 2 )]]> SVG Room 1 48000 (10% conversion) 29.23 164.21 SVG Room 2 48000 (10% conversion) 29.23 164.21 SVG Room 3 48000 (10% conversion) 31.16 154.04 Switch room 32000 197.89 161.71 Secondary equipment room 5000 63.56 78.67 In the table, the heat dissipation power of the three capacitor room equipment is 48 kW each. 90% of the heat is removed by the river water circulation pump, and the remaining 10% of the heat is removed by air-conditioning refrigeration. The heat dissipation of the switch room and the secondary equipment room is removed by air-conditioning refrigeration. The specific cooling load obtained is as Figure 2 shown. The air-conditioning refrigeration time in the figure is concentrated from April to October. The annual cooling load of the building is 73207.97 kW·h, the cooling load per unit building area is 154.51 kW·h, and the cooling energy consumption per unit building area is 34.34 kW·h / m2.

[0047] In this embodiment, by obtaining the equipment heat dissipation power based on the equipment energy consumption and further combining the number of equipment to calculate the equipment power density, the heat load of the equipment in the substation can be accurately evaluated, which helps to determine the required cooling capacity of the substation, ensure the effective operation of the refrigeration system and the efficient utilization of energy. By accurately calculating the cooling load and the cooling time, accurate cooling energy consumption data can be obtained, which helps to evaluate the energy efficiency of the refrigeration system and take corresponding measures to improve the energy utilization efficiency, such as optimizing the operation strategy and improving the equipment performance. At the same time, it also provides a data basis for obtaining the best cooling scheme in the future.

[0048] S4: Iteratively simulate the substation peripheral model and the substation indoor model with the highest photovoltaic power generation and the lowest cooling energy consumption as the goals respectively, and obtain the substation optimization layout strategy based on the simulation results; the substation manager adjusts the substation structure and the cooling method in response to the optimization layout strategy.

[0049] In this embodiment, the iterative simulation of the substation peripheral model with the highest photovoltaic power generation as the goal includes the following steps: Lay photovoltaic power generation equipment on the building skin of the substation peripheral model based on the photovoltaic power generation per unit area in the outdoor simulation environment, and adjust the number of photovoltaic power generation equipment set on different building skins under the same lighting conditions to obtain the total photovoltaic power generation curve of the substation peripheral model.

[0050] In this embodiment, by laying photovoltaic power generation equipment on the building surfaces in the substation perimeter model based on the size of photovoltaic power generation per unit area in an outdoor simulation environment, the power generation efficiency at different locations can be intuitively viewed, which helps to optimize the layout of photovoltaic power generation equipment and ensure the maximum power generation benefit within a limited space; by adjusting the number of photovoltaic power generation equipment set on different building surfaces under the same lighting conditions, the total photovoltaic power generation curve of the substation perimeter model can be obtained, which helps to identify the optimal configuration of power generation equipment, that is, to determine how many photovoltaic power generation equipment should be installed at each location to achieve the highest power generation efficiency while ensuring safety.

[0051] In this embodiment, the indoor model of the substation is iteratively simulated with the goal of minimizing cooling energy consumption, including the following steps: setting the exterior wall material of the substation building to cement fiberboard to simulate the indoor model of the substation, and collecting the temperature change curve of the indoor model of the substation when the equipment is running naturally; The time area corresponding to the temperature exceeding the set temperature threshold in the temperature change curve is taken as the temperature control area, and the ratio of the refrigeration equipment operation time and the ventilation time in the temperature control area is adjusted to obtain the refrigeration energy consumption curve of the substation indoor model.

[0052] This embodiment simulates the operation of the indoor model of the substation and collects the temperature change curve when the equipment is running naturally, so as to accurately understand the change of indoor temperature, which helps to identify in which time periods the temperature exceeds the set temperature threshold, so as to optimize the refrigeration strategy for these temperature control areas; when the refrigeration equipment is on standby, indoor refrigeration is mainly achieved through natural heat exchange and ventilation. The refrigeration energy consumption generated in this process is very small. Therefore, the refrigeration energy consumption can be reduced by extending the time ratio of refrigeration in the above manner as much as possible. By adjusting the ratio of the refrigeration equipment operation time and the ventilation time, the best refrigeration solution can be found to achieve a reduction in refrigeration energy consumption. Optimizing the refrigeration strategy not only helps to reduce refrigeration energy consumption, but also improves energy utilization efficiency. By accurately controlling the operation time of the refrigeration equipment and the ventilation time, unnecessary energy waste can be avoided to ensure that every bit of energy can be fully utilized.

[0053] In this embodiment, the substation optimization layout strategy is obtained based on the simulation results, including the following steps: The photovoltaic power generation equipment laying plan corresponding to the highest photovoltaic power generation point in the simulation results is used as the photovoltaic power generation optimization layout strategy, and the ratio of equipment operation time to ventilation time corresponding to the lowest cooling energy consumption point in the simulation results is used as the cooling optimization strategy; Photovoltaic power generation optimization layout strategy and refrigeration optimization layout strategy are used as substation optimization layout strategies.

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cooling energy consumption is reduced by changing the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall and the natural ventilation rate in the room. The relationship between the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall and the cooling energy consumption per unit area of the building is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 . In the figure, the larger the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall, the more conducive it is to internal heat dissipation, and the smaller the cooling energy consumption per unit building area. When the natural ventilation rate in the room increases, the internal heat dissipation effect can be greatly improved, and the energy-saving effect is obvious. During optimization, the area of the exterior facade louvers is appropriately increased to increase the natural ventilation volume in the room.

[0055] By selecting the optimal ventilation rate, the usage time of the refrigeration equipment can be reduced to the greatest extent. It is found through the simulation of this embodiment that after the natural ventilation rate increases to 5 times / h, heat dissipation can be achieved through natural ventilation in the switch room and secondary equipment room during the transitional season and winter (indoor temperature ≤ 40°C). The specific simulation results are as shown in Figure 5 . The air-conditioning cooling time is shortened to from June 1st to September 31st (the exterior wall is in the optimized structural form). The average outdoor wind speeds in spring, autumn, and the air-conditioning season in Huzhou are 3.18 m / s, 2.89 m / s, and 2.38 m / s respectively. Calculated according to the most unfavorable wind speed of 2.38 m / s and considering resistances such as ground roughness, the window wind speed is taken as 1.19 m / s. To achieve a natural ventilation rate of 5 times / h in the room, the area of the exterior facade louvers of the secondary equipment room and the switch room (the effective ventilation area of the louvers is calculated at 50% conversion) is calculated, and the results are shown in Table 4: Table 4. Area of exterior facade louvers Secondary equipment room Switch room <![CDATA[Area (m 2 )]]> 63.56 197.89 Space volume (m3) 254.24 791.56 Natural ventilation air change rate (times / h) 5 5 <![CDATA[Natural ventilation volume per hour (m 2 )]]> 1271.20 3957.80 <![CDATA[Required ventilation area (m 2 )]]> 0.30 0.92 <![CDATA[Facade louver area (m 2 )]]> 0.60 1.84 According to the calculation results, the area of the exterior facade louvers is adjusted and optimized. The simulation results of the cooling energy consumption after optimization show that the cooling energy consumption per unit building area is reduced to 19.18 kW·h / m 2 , compared with 29.82 kW·h / m 2 before optimization, it is reduced by 10.64 kW·h / m 2 , and the energy-saving rate is 35.68%.

[0056] In this embodiment, the substation manager adjusts the substation structure and refrigeration method in response to the optimized layout strategy, including the following steps:

[0057] In this embodiment, the substation manager adjusts the substation structure and refrigeration method in response to the optimized layout strategy, including the following steps: Lay a corresponding number of photovoltaic power generation devices on the walls at the corresponding positions outside the substation according to the photovoltaic power generation device laying plan in the optimized layout strategy, and use the ratio of the device operation time to the ventilation time in the optimized layout strategy as the indoor cooling plan for the substation.

[0058] In this embodiment, through precise simulation, the substation that needs to be optimized on-site is modeled in equal proportion, and then the photovoltaic power generation situation and indoor cooling situation of the substation are iteratively simulated to obtain the best optimized layout plan, and the substation layout is adjusted according to the optimized layout plan, so as to improve the overall operation efficiency of the substation.

[0059] It can be seen from the above embodiments that at least the following substantial effects are achieved: (1) By precisely simulating the sunlight situation and calculating the photovoltaic power generation accordingly, the present invention can maximize the utilization of solar energy resources, improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system, determine the cooling load through temperature control simulation, and then optimize the calculation of cooling energy consumption, which helps to reduce unnecessary energy consumption, improve the overall energy utilization efficiency, and since it is simulated in a simulation environment, the experimental cost generated during equipment adjustment during the experiment can be reduced, and at the same time, the simulation efficiency can be improved by adjusting the experimental time; (2) By effectively combining the photovoltaic integration design and passive energy-saving design of the substation, the present invention can not only maximize the utilization of solar energy resources on the building surface, but also optimize the indoor natural ventilation design, thereby reducing the use time of the cooling equipment, reducing the cooling energy consumption, and improving the overall energy utilization rate of the substation.

[0060] The above-mentioned specific implementation manners are the preferred implementation manners of a substation optimized layout design method of the present invention, and do not limit the specific implementation scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to this specific implementation manner. All equivalent changes made according to the shape and structure of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A substation optimization layout design method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Obtain substation structure data and equipment data based on business needs, and build a substation perimeter model and a substation indoor model based on the structure data and equipment data respectively; S2, adjusting the simulated sunshine parameters, and simulating the sunshine of the substation periphery model in the simulated environment to obtain the solar radiation; Adjust the temperature control parameters and simulate the temperature control of the indoor model of the substation in the simulation environment to obtain the cooling load; S3, the photovoltaic power generation calculation rule obtains the photovoltaic power generation in response to the substation structure data and the solar radiation; the cooling energy consumption calculation rule obtains the cooling energy consumption in response to the substation equipment data and the cooling load; S4. Iteratively simulate the substation peripheral model and the substation indoor model with the goals of maximizing photovoltaic power generation and minimizing cooling energy consumption, and obtain the substation optimization layout strategy based on the simulation results; the substation manager adjusts the substation structure and cooling method in response to the optimization layout strategy.

2. A substation optimization layout design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the substation structure data and equipment data are obtained based on business needs, and the substation peripheral model and substation indoor model are constructed based on the structure data and equipment data respectively, including the following steps: Based on business needs, obtain substation structural data, including at least substation civil structure data, substation building material data and substation location data; obtain equipment data, including at least equipment type, equipment energy consumption, equipment quantity and equipment installation location; construct the substation peripheral model and substation indoor model based on the structural data and equipment data in proportion.

3. A substation optimization layout design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the simulated sunshine parameters are adjusted, and the simulated sunshine is performed on the substation peripheral model in the simulated environment to obtain the solar radiation, including the following steps: Traverse the historical environmental data around the substation to find the year with the longest sunshine time in the substation, set the corresponding sunshine time and sun movement path based on the historical environmental data corresponding to the sunshine year, and build the corresponding outdoor simulation environment; The annual solar radiation on the substation building surface is collected from the substation perimeter model in an outdoor simulation environment.

4. A substation optimization layout design method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S2, the temperature control parameters are adjusted, and the temperature control simulation of the indoor model of the substation is performed in the simulation environment to obtain the cooling load, including the following steps: The corresponding indoor simulation environment is constructed based on the historical equipment operation data of the substation corresponding to the sunshine year, and the cooling load to control the indoor temperature within the set temperature threshold in the indoor simulation environment under the outdoor simulation environment is recorded.

5. A substation optimization layout design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, the photovoltaic power generation calculation rule obtains the photovoltaic power generation in response to the substation structure data and the solar radiation, including the following steps: The substation peripheral structure area is obtained based on the substation civil structure data in the substation structure data, and the photovoltaic power generation per unit area is obtained based on the substation peripheral structure area and solar radiation; The photovoltaic power generation outside the substation is obtained based on the solar radiation per unit area, photovoltaic power generation efficiency and the number of photovoltaic equipment.

6. A substation optimization layout design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, the cooling energy consumption calculation rule obtains the cooling energy consumption in response to the substation equipment data and the cooling load, including the following steps: obtaining the equipment heat dissipation power based on the equipment energy consumption in the equipment data, and obtaining the equipment power density based on the equipment heat dissipation power and the number of equipment; The cooling load is obtained based on the equipment power density and the substation building area in the substation civil structure data, and the cooling energy consumption is obtained based on the cooling load and cooling time.

7. A substation optimization layout design method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S4, the substation peripheral model is iteratively simulated with the goal of maximizing photovoltaic power generation, including the following steps: In an outdoor simulation environment, photovoltaic power generation equipment is laid on the building surfaces in the substation perimeter model based on the photovoltaic power generation per unit area. The number of photovoltaic power generation equipment installed on different building surfaces is adjusted under the same lighting conditions to obtain the total photovoltaic power generation curve of the substation perimeter model.

8. A substation optimization layout design method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S4, the substation indoor model is iteratively simulated with the goal of minimizing cooling energy consumption, including the following steps: The substation building exterior wall material is set to cement fiberboard to simulate the operation of the substation indoor model, and the temperature change curve of the substation indoor model is collected when the equipment is running naturally; The time area corresponding to the temperature exceeding the set temperature threshold in the temperature change curve is taken as the temperature control area, and the ratio of the refrigeration equipment operation time and the ventilation time in the temperature control area is adjusted to obtain the refrigeration energy consumption curve of the substation indoor model.

9. A substation optimization layout design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the substation optimization layout strategy is obtained based on the simulation results, including the following steps: The photovoltaic power generation equipment laying plan corresponding to the highest photovoltaic power generation point in the simulation results is used as the photovoltaic power generation optimization layout strategy, and the ratio of equipment operation time to ventilation time corresponding to the lowest cooling energy consumption point in the simulation results is used as the cooling optimization strategy; Photovoltaic power generation optimization layout strategy and refrigeration optimization layout strategy are used as substation optimization layout strategies.

10. A substation optimization layout design method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S4, the substation adjusts the substation structure and cooling mode in response to the optimization layout strategy, including the following steps: Based on the photovoltaic power generation equipment laying plan in the optimized layout strategy, a corresponding number of photovoltaic power generation equipment are laid on the walls of corresponding positions outside the substation, and the ratio of the equipment operation time to the ventilation time in the optimized layout strategy is used as the indoor cooling plan of the substation.

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