Karst groundwater pollution earth surface-underground cooperative prevention and control system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of karst groundwater pollution prevention and control, and discloses a karst groundwater pollution earth surface-underground cooperative prevention and control system and method. The karst groundwater pollution earth surface-underground cooperative prevention and control system comprises a potential pollution source identification module, a migration channel acquisition module, a hazard evaluation module, a prevention and control area division module, an earth surface cooperation module, a monitoring and early warning module and the like. Potential pollution sources are identified by acquiring multi-source spatial data, migration channels are determined, hazards are evaluated by using a preset model, prevention and control areas are divided, a surface prevention and control countermeasure query table is generated, monitoring and early warning are performed, and prevention and control are performed from the source according to the characteristics of a karst underground water system. According to the method, earth surface-underground cooperative comprehensive treatment can be achieved, pollution sources can be accurately recognized, the prevention and treatment accuracy and timeliness are improved, areas are reasonably divided, resource waste is avoided, pollution diffusion is effectively blocked, sudden pollution is timely dealt with, the groundwater pollution treatment effect of the karst area is improved, and safety and sustainable utilization of water resources are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of prevention and control of karst groundwater pollution, and particularly to a surface-subsurface collaborative prevention and control system and method for karst groundwater pollution. Background Art

[0002] Karst groundwater is the groundwater existing in karst areas (distribution areas of soluble rocks such as carbonate rocks and sulfate rocks), and the groundwater in karst areas is mainly karst water. Karst groundwater is an important water resource and plays an irreplaceable role in fields such as agricultural irrigation, domestic water supply, and industrial production. Compared with non-karst areas, karst groundwater has the characteristics of fragile ecological environment, poor anti-pollution performance, strong permeability, complex flow paths, and being easily polluted. With the development of industry and agriculture, the problem of groundwater pollution has become increasingly serious. Once the groundwater is polluted, due to the undulating terrain, complex lithology and structure in karst areas, and the fast flow rate of groundwater, pollutants are easily spread rapidly underground, forming a wide pollution area. Coupled with the frequent hydraulic connection between the surface and groundwater in karst areas, the pollution problem is further aggravated. Due to the complexity and concealment of the karst groundwater system, the difficulty and cost of its remediation after pollution are extremely high.

[0003] Therefore, the prevention and control of karst groundwater pollution have received increasing attention. In the prior art, the methods for preventing and controlling groundwater pollution include: (1) setting up monitoring networks at underground monitoring wells, regularly maintaining the monitoring wells, sampling groundwater through underground wells, conducting chemical analysis and comparison, analyzing the groundwater pollution situation, and according to the pollution situation, investigating the pollution sources, finding the pollution sources, and establishing a reaction wall to block the pollution sources; (2) using extraction wells to pump sewage from the downstream of groundwater, and irrigating with a mixture of fresh water and biosurfactant slurry to restore the groundwater volume and jointly remediate the polluted site soil to achieve joint prevention and control, etc.

[0004] However, no matter which of the above prevention and control methods is used, they are all carried out after the pollution occurs, and they are less applicable to karst groundwater with fast and complex groundwater flow rates, and the prevention and control effects still need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a surface-subsurface collaborative prevention and control system and method for karst groundwater pollution, so as to realize a whole-process prevention and control module from pollution source identification, migration path analysis to hazard assessment and prevention and control measure formulation, achieve the collaborative and comprehensive treatment of the surface and underground, effectively improve the effect of karst groundwater pollution treatment, and ensure the safety and sustainable utilization of water resources.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution. The surface-subsurface collaborative prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution includes:

[0007] A potential pollution source identification module that acquires multi-source spatial data of the prevention and control area and identifies potential pollution sources based on the multi-source spatial data;

[0008] A migration path acquisition module for acquiring the migration paths of potential pollution sources;

[0009] A hazard assessment module for conducting a hazard assessment on groundwater according to the migration paths and a preset assessment model to obtain a hazard assessment report;

[0010] A prevention and control area division module for dividing the pollution prevention and control area according to the hazard assessment report;

[0011] A surface coordination module that generates a prevention and control countermeasure query table on the surface of the pollution prevention and control area based on the hazard assessment report;

[0012] A monitoring and early warning module for acquiring the area to be monitored for early warning and conducting early warning based on the monitoring information of the area to be monitored for early warning.

[0013] The principle and advantages of this solution are as follows: In practical applications, due to the complexity and concealment of the karst groundwater system, the repair is extremely difficult and costly. Traditional groundwater repair technologies often have poor effects in karst areas, and it is necessary to consider prevention and control from the source. Therefore, the potential pollution source identification module is the foundation of the entire system. By acquiring multi-source spatial data of the prevention and control area and identifying potential pollution sources based on the multi-source spatial data, the system can accurately identify possible pollution sources and provide a basis for subsequent prevention and control work. After identifying the potential pollution sources, the migration path acquisition module is responsible for determining the migration paths of pollutants from the pollution sources to the groundwater. The geological structure in karst areas is complex, and the underground cave and fracture network is developed. By acquiring the flow paths of pollutants, it provides route data for subsequent prevention and control, facilitating the improvement of the accuracy and timeliness of prevention and control. Based on the migration path data, the hazard assessment module uses a preset assessment model to conduct a hazard assessment on groundwater, facilitating the clarification of the severity of pollution and predicting future development trends, providing decision-making support for formulating scientific and reasonable prevention and control strategies. According to the hazard assessment report, the prevention and control area division module divides the prevention and control area into different pollution prevention and control zones. The pollution levels and risks in different zones are different, and differential prevention and control measures need to be taken. By reasonably dividing the prevention and control area, targeted treatment measures can be implemented, avoiding resource waste and duplicate labor, and improving the prevention and control efficiency. The surface coordination module generates a prevention and control countermeasure query table on the surface of the pollution prevention and control area based on the hazard assessment report, not only considering the underground pollution situation but also proposing comprehensive prevention and control countermeasures in combination with surface environmental characteristics. Through the coordinated treatment of the surface and underground, it can more effectively block the further spread of pollutants. The monitoring and early warning module deploys areas to be monitored for early warning, discovers and responds to sudden pollution incidents in a timely manner, and reduces the risk of environmental pollution.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the potential pollution source identification module includes:

[0015] A remote sensing identification sub-module, which is used to detect areas with abnormal surface temperatures through thermal infrared remote sensing, identify specific pollutants through hyperspectral remote sensing, identify the land use types and vegetation coverage in the prevention and control areas through optical remote sensing, verify the areas with abnormal surface temperatures and specific pollutants based on the land use types and vegetation coverage, and mark potential pollution sources;

[0016] A spatial data analysis sub-module, which performs overlay analysis on remote sensing data, topographic maps, geological maps, and hydrographic maps based on GIS to obtain the buffer areas of potential pollution sources;

[0017] A historical data analysis sub-module, which is used to obtain historical data related to pollution in the prevention and control areas and analyze the development laws of potential pollution sources.

[0018] Technical effect: Through the remote sensing technology and the spatial analysis function of GIS, a large area can be covered in a short time, and the locations of potential pollution sources can be quickly locked.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, the migration channel acquisition module further includes:

[0020] A pollutant property acquisition sub-module, which is used to obtain the physical and chemical properties of potential pollutants in potential pollution sources;

[0021] A migration path optimization sub-module, which is used to analyze and update the migration path according to the physical and chemical properties of pollutants.

[0022] Technical effect: The physical and chemical properties of pollutants determine their migration ability in groundwater, which is convenient for obtaining prevention and control measures more efficiently.

[0023] Preferably, as an improvement, the preset evaluation model is an analytic hierarchy process-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model.

[0024] Technical effect: It is convenient to comprehensively consider multiple hazard assessment dimensions of groundwater pollution, with high flexibility and strong practicability.

[0025] Preferably, as an improvement, the hazard assessment module includes:

[0026] A hierarchical structure model construction sub-module, which is used to divide the groundwater pollution hazard assessment into an objective layer, a criterion layer, and an index layer;

[0027] A judgment matrix construction sub-module, which is used to compare the relative importance of elements in the same layer to the upper layer elements and construct a judgment matrix using the 1-9 scale method;

[0028] The weight vector determination sub-module is used to judge the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix and its corresponding eigenvector, obtain the weight vector of each element, and perform consistency check;

[0029] The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation sub-module is used to determine the evaluation set, establish the membership function and calculate the membership vector, perform fuzzy operation on the weight vector and the membership vector by using the weighted average method, and determine the groundwater pollution hazard level according to the operation result.

[0030] Technical effect: In the form of the membership vector, it can intuitively judge the groundwater pollution hazard level, which is convenient to provide a decision-making basis for groundwater pollution prevention and control and management.

[0031] Preferably, as an improvement, the prevention and control area division module includes:

[0032] The hazard assessment result acquisition sub-module updates the hazard assessment result based on historical data and real-time monitoring data;

[0033] The dynamic division sub-module matches the buffer range based on the hazard assessment result, and dynamically divides the prevention and control area based on the buffer range and the migration path.

[0034] Technical effect: The groundwater system is dynamically changing due to factors such as the environment and human activities, and the emission situation of potential pollution sources cannot be accurately predicted. By dynamically updating in combination with historical data and real-time detection data, it is convenient to accurately divide the prevention and control area. By setting a buffer zone, it is convenient to improve the prevention and control effect.

[0035] Preferably, as an improvement, the surface coordination module includes:

[0036] The prevention and control target acquisition sub-module is used to obtain the prevention and control target based on the hazard assessment report;

[0037] The prevention and control strategy acquisition sub-module generates prevention and control strategies based on the type of potential pollution source and the land use type of the prevention and control area, and generates a surface prevention and control countermeasure query table.

[0038] Technical effect: The prevention and control measures and effects of different hazard levels are different. By generating prevention and control measures according to the hazard level, it is convenient to save resources.

[0039] Preferably, as an improvement, the early warning module is also used for screening the areas to be monitored for early warning.

[0040] Technical effect: It is convenient to improve the timeliness of early warning.

[0041] It also includes a surface-subsurface collaborative prevention and control method for karst groundwater pollution, which is applied to the surface-subsurface collaborative prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution. Description of the Drawings

[0042] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a surface - subsurface collaborative prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution. Specific implementation manners

[0043] The following is a further detailed description through specific implementation manners:

[0044] The embodiment is basically as shown in the appendix Figure 1 as follows:

[0045] The surface - subsurface collaborative prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution includes:

[0046] A potential pollution source identification module, which acquires multi - source spatial data of the prevention and control area and identifies potential pollution sources based on the multi - source spatial data; the multi - source spatial data includes remote sensing data, topographic maps, geological maps, hydrographic maps and on - site investigation data. Through the multi - source spatial data, it is convenient to capture potential pollution sources in the protection area and the spatial characteristics of potential pollution sources.

[0047] The potential pollution source identification module includes a remote sensing identification sub - module, a spatial data analysis sub - module and a historical data analysis sub - module.

[0048] Remote sensing identification sub - module: It is used to detect surface temperature anomaly areas through thermal infrared remote sensing. Through surface temperature anomaly areas, it is convenient to discover underground hot water activities or wastewater discharge points; identify specific pollutants through hyperspectral remote sensing, such as identifying heavy metal pollution or chemical substance leakage by analyzing the reflectance differences at different wavelengths; identify the land use types and vegetation cover conditions in the prevention and control area through optical remote sensing. Specifically, obtain multi - temporal image data covering different seasons and time periods of the prevention and control area from satellite data providers, select high - resolution multi - spectral satellite images (such as Landsat, Sentinel), and after pre - processing the images, feature extraction can be carried out using methods such as spectroscopy, texture, and shape. Through supervised / unsupervised classification methods, the land use types can be obtained. The land use types include agricultural land, forest land, grassland, water area, construction land and unused land. Based on the land use types and vegetation cover conditions, verify the surface temperature anomaly areas and specific pollutants. For example, potential pollution sources should be within the construction land range. If the verification does not match, on - site investigation data is required for further verification, and the areas that pass the verification are marked as potential pollution sources. Remote sensing technology distinguishes different surface features by the interaction between electromagnetic waves and ground objects, and according to the absorption and reflection characteristics of different ground objects to electromagnetic waves. For karst areas, remote sensing technology can help identify the locations of potential pollution sources, such as industrial facilities, landfills, mine exploitation areas, etc., and provide a large - scale environmental background information.

[0049] Spatial data analysis sub-module: Based on GIS, overlay analysis is performed on remote sensing data, topographic maps, geological maps, and hydrographic maps to obtain the buffer zones of potential pollution sources. Through its spatial data management and analysis functions, GIS integrates and processes data from different sources, helps identify the buffer zones of potential pollution sources and their diffusion paths, determines the sensitive areas around pollution sources through buffer analysis, and can identify the relationship between pollution sources and the direction of groundwater flow through overlay analysis.

[0050] Historical data analysis sub-module: Used to obtain historical data related to pollution in the prevention and control area and analyze the development laws of potential pollution sources. Historical data includes past environmental monitoring reports, industrial activity records, accident reports, etc. By sorting and analyzing historical data, the occurrence and development laws of pollution events can be revealed, helping to predict future development trends. For long-existing pollution problems, it can provide a reference basis for current pollution prevention and control.

[0051] Migration channel acquisition module, used to obtain the migration channels of potential pollution sources. The migration channel is the direction and area of continuous propagation; based on the migration channels of potential pollution sources, it is convenient to provide basic data for subsequent hazard assessment and prevention and control measures from the planar direction. The migration channel acquisition module also includes a pollutant property acquisition sub-module and a migration path optimization sub-module.

[0052] The pollutant property acquisition sub-module is used to obtain the physical and chemical properties of potential pollutants in potential pollution sources. The physical and chemical properties of pollutants include solubility, density, adsorbability, volatility, and chemical reactions with groundwater. The physical and chemical properties of pollutants determine their migration ability in groundwater. For example, solubility determines their existence form in groundwater. Pollutants with high solubility are easily transported in groundwater in a dissolved state. Pollutants with a density greater than that of water will deposit at the bottom of the groundwater body under the action of gravity, while pollutants with a small density tend to float upward. Pollutants with volatility will volatilize into the atmosphere through soil pores, thus affecting their migration path in groundwater, and pollutants with strong adsorbability are more likely to be adsorbed by formation media, slowing down the migration speed. There are chemical reactions of pollutants in groundwater, such as redox reactions, acid-base reactions, complexation reactions, etc. Chemical reactions will change the form and properties of pollutants, thus affecting their migration ability. For example, heavy metal ions will form precipitates under alkaline conditions, reducing their migration in groundwater. Analyze the chemical components in groundwater, including pH value and redox potential (Eh) indicators, to judge the type of chemical reaction, its rate, and degree.

[0053] The migration path optimization sub-module is used to analyze and update the migration path according to the physicochemical properties of pollutants. The update of the migration path includes the update of the longitudinal path, migration speed, and concentration. Specifically, based on the groundwater flow equation and the pollutant migration equation, combined with geology, hydrogeology, and pollutant characteristics, a numerical model is established to describe the concentration change of pollutants in groundwater. The numerical simulation software includes MODFLOW for groundwater flow simulation and MT3D for pollutant migration simulation. The prevention and control area is meshed, and the geology, hydrogeology, and pollutant characteristic parameters are input. The head boundary, impermeable boundary, and initial pollutant concentration distribution are set. In this embodiment, the groundwater flow equation and the pollutant migration equation adopt the convection-dispersion equation:

[0054]

[0055] where c is the pollutant concentration, t is the time, d is the dispersion coefficient, v is the actual groundwater flow velocity, and x is the variable.

[0056] The hazard assessment module is used to conduct a hazard assessment on groundwater according to the migration channel and a preset assessment model, and obtain a hazard assessment report. The preset assessment model is the analytic hierarchy process-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Specifically, the hazard assessment module includes a hierarchical structure model construction sub-module, a judgment matrix construction sub-module, a weight vector determination sub-module, and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation sub-module.

[0057] The hierarchical structure model construction sub-module is used to divide the groundwater pollution hazard assessment into an objective layer, a criterion layer, and an index layer; the objective layer is the groundwater pollution hazard assessment; the criterion layer includes pollutant characteristics, migration channel characteristics, groundwater environment characteristics, and receptor characteristics. Pollutant characteristics include toxicity and persistence. Migration channel characteristics include channel length, width, and permeability. Groundwater environment characteristics include groundwater recharge and flow velocity. Receptor characteristics include groundwater use and surrounding population density; the index layer includes migration speed, pollutant concentration, and drinking standard.

[0058] The judgment matrix construction sub-module is used to compare the relative importance of elements in the same layer to the upper-layer elements and construct a judgment matrix using the 1-9 scale method; 1-9 scale method: 1 means that two elements are equally important, and the degree of importance increases regularly in turn. 9 means that one element is extremely important compared to another element. For example, when comparing the relative importance of pollutant characteristics and migration channel characteristics to groundwater pollution hazards, if pollutant characteristics are slightly important, the value is assigned as 3, and the importance of migration channel characteristics relative to pollutant characteristics is assigned as 1 / 3, so as to construct a judgment matrix.

[0059] The weight vector determination sub-module is used to determine the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix and its corresponding eigenvector, obtain the weight vector of each element, and conduct a consistency test; the consistency index calculation model is:

[0060]

[0061] where γ max is the largest eigenvalue and n is the order of the matrix.

[0062] Look up the average random consistency index according to the order of the matrix, compare the consistency index i with it to obtain the consistency ratio R. When R < 0.1, it is judged that the matrix has satisfactory consistency.

[0063] The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation sub-module is used to determine the evaluation set. In this embodiment, the evaluation set includes high hazard, medium hazard, low hazard and no hazard. Establish a membership function and calculate the membership vector.

[0064] For each index, establish a membership function according to its physical meaning and actual situation. For example, for the pollutant concentration index, if the drinking water standard of a certain pollutant is used as a reference, when the pollutant concentration is greater than or equal to twice the concentration of the pollutant in the drinking water standard, the degree of belonging to high hazard is 1. When the pollutant concentration is between 1 and 2 times the concentration of the pollutant in the drinking water standard, the membership degree is expressed by a linear function as:

[0065]

[0066] μ is the pollutant concentration and μ0 is the concentration of the pollutant in the drinking water standard; and so on to establish the membership functions of other hazard levels. Substitute the measured values of each index into the membership function to obtain the membership vector of each index belonging to each level in the evaluation set. For example, after substituting the pollutant concentration at a certain monitoring point into the membership function, the obtained membership vector is (0.6, 0.3, 0.1, 0), indicating that the degrees to which the index belongs to high hazard, medium hazard, low hazard and no hazard are 0.6, 0.3, 0.1 and 0 respectively.

[0067] Use the weighted average method to perform a fuzzy operation on the weight vector and the membership vector, and determine the groundwater pollution hazard level according to the operation result. Specifically, according to b = w * r, where b is the comprehensive evaluation result vector, w is the weight vector, and r is the membership matrix. Each row of the matrix is the membership vector of an index. If there are 4 indexes in total and the weight vector w = (0.6, 0.3, 0.1, 0), that is, the membership matrix r is a 4×4 matrix. Calculate the comprehensive evaluation result vector b, and determine the level to which the groundwater pollution hazard belongs according to the magnitudes of the elements in b. Through the above model, multiple aspects of the groundwater pollution hazard assessment are comprehensively considered, including the characteristics of pollutants themselves, migration channels, and groundwater environment and receptors, etc. It can flexibly adjust the hierarchical structure model and evaluation indexes according to different prevention and control areas and pollutant types. For example, for heavy metal pollution and organic pollution, different indexes and weights are set respectively to meet the actual assessment needs.

[0068] The prevention and control area division module divides the pollution prevention and control areas according to the hazard assessment report. The division of pollution prevention and control areas facilitates the targeted implementation of treatment measures, avoids resource waste and duplicate labor, and improves the prevention and control efficiency. The prevention and control area division module includes a hazard assessment result acquisition sub-module and a dynamic division sub-module.

[0069] The hazard assessment result acquisition sub-module updates the hazard assessment result based on historical data and real-time monitoring data. The historical data is the historical data related to groundwater pollution in potential pollution sources, and the real-time monitoring data is the real-time monitoring data of groundwater. Through a long-term groundwater monitoring network, the groundwater level and water quality are monitored regularly to obtain new data, and the new data is input into a preset assessment model to re-evaluate the hazard level. The dynamic division sub-module matches the buffer range based on the hazard assessment result. The buffer range is a preset range value, and the dynamic division of the prevention and control area is carried out based on the buffer range and the migration path.

[0070] The surface coordination module generates a prevention and control countermeasure query table on the surface of the pollution prevention and control area based on the hazard assessment report. By combining the surface environmental characteristics, comprehensive prevention and control countermeasures are proposed. Through the coordinated treatment of the surface and the underground, the further spread of pollutants can be more effectively blocked. The surface coordination module includes a prevention and control target acquisition sub-module and a prevention and control strategy acquisition sub-module. The prevention and control target acquisition sub-module is used to obtain the prevention and control target based on the hazard assessment report. For example, for high-hazard level areas, the goal is to quickly and effectively prevent pollutants from further spreading into groundwater and reduce the pollution risk of pollutants to groundwater; for medium-hazard level areas, it focuses on controlling the surface sources of pollutants and slowing down their migration speed to groundwater; for low-hazard level areas, the main goal is to maintain the status quo, strengthen monitoring, and prevent the hazard level from rising. After the target is determined, the prevention and control strategy acquisition sub-module generates prevention and control strategies based on the types of potential pollution sources and the land use types of the prevention and control areas, and generates a surface prevention and control countermeasure query table. The types of potential pollution sources include industrial, agricultural, and domestic potential pollution sources. According to the land use type, feasible surface locations can be screened to generate corresponding prevention and control strategies. For example, for industrial potential pollution sources, supervision of the up-to-standard discharge of pollutants is carried out; for agricultural potential pollution sources, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is regulated; for domestic potential pollution sources, the construction and maintenance of sewage pipe networks are carried out; anti-seepage materials are laid to prevent pollutants from infiltrating into groundwater through soil pores, and vegetation buffer zones and rain gardens are set up to control surface runoff and reduce the risk of pollutants migrating into groundwater along with the runoff.

[0071] The monitoring and early warning module is used to obtain the area to be monitored and early warned, and carry out early warning based on the monitoring information of the area to be monitored and early warned. It is also used for screening the area to be monitored and early warned. The area to be monitored and early warned is the monitoring well closest to the potential pollution source. When the monitoring data is abnormal, an early warning is issued in a timely manner, and rapid source tracing is carried out to improve the timeliness of early warning.

[0072] It further includes a collaborative prevention and control method for karst groundwater pollution on the surface and underground, which is applied to a collaborative prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution on the surface and underground.

[0073] The above are only embodiments of the present invention. Specific technical solutions and / or common knowledge such as characteristics well known in the art are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. The surface-underground coordinated prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution is characterized by: include: Potential pollution source identification module, which obtains multi-source spatial data of the prevention and control area and identifies potential pollution sources based on the multi-source spatial data; Migration channel acquisition module, used to obtain the migration channel of potential pollution sources; A hazard assessment module is used to conduct hazard assessment on groundwater according to the migration channel and the preset assessment model to obtain a hazard assessment report; The prevention and control area division module divides the pollution prevention and control areas according to the hazard assessment report; The surface coordination module generates a prevention and control strategy query table on the surface of the pollution prevention area based on the hazard assessment report; The monitoring and early warning module is used to obtain the monitoring area to be warned and issue an early warning based on the monitoring information of the monitoring area to be warned.

2. The surface-underground coordinated prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The potential pollution source identification module includes: The remote sensing identification submodule is used to detect abnormal surface temperature areas through thermal infrared remote sensing, identify specific pollutants through hyperspectral remote sensing, and identify land use types and vegetation coverage in the prevention and control areas through optical remote sensing. Based on the land use type and vegetation coverage, the abnormal surface temperature areas and specific pollutants are verified, and potential pollution sources are marked. The spatial data analysis submodule uses GIS to overlay and analyze remote sensing data, topographic maps, geological maps, and hydrological maps to obtain the buffer area of ​​potential pollution sources; The historical data analysis submodule is used to obtain historical data related to pollution in the prevention and control area and analyze the development patterns of potential pollution sources.

3. The surface-underground coordinated prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The migration channel acquisition module also includes: The pollutant property acquisition submodule is used to obtain the physical and chemical properties of potential pollutants in potential pollution sources; The migration pathway optimization submodule is used to update the migration pathway based on the physicochemical properties analysis of pollutants.

4. The surface-underground coordinated prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution according to claim 1 is characterized by: The preset evaluation model is a hierarchical analysis method-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model.

5. The surface-underground coordinated prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The hazard assessment module includes: A hierarchical model building submodule is used to divide the groundwater pollution hazard assessment into the target layer, the criterion layer, and the indicator layer; The judgment matrix construction submodule is used to compare the relative importance of elements at the same level to the elements at the upper level and construct the judgment matrix using the 1-9 scaling method; The weight vector determination submodule is used to determine the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix and its corresponding eigenvector, obtain the weight vector of each element, and perform consistency check; The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation submodule is used to determine the evaluation set, establish the membership function and calculate the membership vector, use the weighted average method to perform fuzzy operation on the weight vector and the membership vector, and determine the groundwater pollution hazard level based on the operation results.

6. The surface-underground coordinated prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control area division module includes: The hazard assessment result acquisition submodule updates the hazard assessment results based on historical data and real-time monitoring data; The dynamic division submodule matches the buffer range based on the hazard assessment results and dynamically divides the prevention and control areas based on the buffer range and migration path.

7. The surface-underground coordinated prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surface coordination module includes: The control target acquisition submodule is used to obtain the control target based on the hazard assessment report; The prevention and control strategy acquisition submodule generates prevention and control strategies based on the types of potential pollution sources and land use types in the prevention and control areas, and generates a surface prevention and control countermeasure query table.

8. The surface-underground coordinated prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The early warning module is also used for screening monitoring areas to be warned.

9. A method for the coordinated prevention and control of karst groundwater pollution on the surface and underground, characterized in that: Applicable to the surface-underground coordinated prevention and control system for karst groundwater pollution as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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