Multi-axis light-following integrated perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated perovskite photovoltaic module with an electron transport active layer, a hole transport active layer and a perovskite active layer capable of being independently replaced, having a multi-axis structure and being capable of tracking light, and belongs to the technical field of perovskite photovoltaics. A new strategy is provided for solving the application problems that the service life of the assembly is short due to invalidation of an active layer and light energy cannot be efficiently utilized due to fixed-angle installation of an existing perovskite assembly. Firstly, a cell part of the assembly provided by the invention is provided with a replaceable active layer structure which is divided into three layers: an electrode back plate containing a hole transport active layer (or an electron transport layer), a perovskite active layer and a conductive glass cover plate containing the electron transport layer (or the hole transport layer). The three active layers all have the functions of being capable of being disassembled, assembled, upgraded, recycled and the like, failure parts can be replaced independently, and the flexibility and maintainability of the system are improved. And secondly, the base part of the assembly is an integrated multi-axis light-following design structure and mainly comprises a bottom plate, a cantilever, a rotating shaft and a connecting structure, the multi-axis structure enables the assembly to swing and rotate in multiple ranges, angle adjustment is achieved, vertical incidence of solar rays is kept, and the light energy utilization rate of the battery assembly is improved to the maximum extent. The perovskite photovoltaic module with the replaceable active layer and the multi-axis light tracking function can better adapt to application requirements of different scenes, and technical innovation and commercial application processes in the field are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and specifically to a multi-axis light-tracking integrated perovskite photovoltaic module with a replaceable active layer. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cell technology has achieved rapid development in the past decade and is regarded as a good clean energy technology that can replace traditional crystalline silicon solar cells and solve energy problems. Perovskite cells have the advantages of low cost, easy preparation, high flexibility, etc. A perovskite solar cell is a component that converts sunlight into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. However, due to current technical limitations, its lifespan is shorter than that of crystalline silicon cells. Therefore, the replacement of perovskite cell components is one of the important problems faced. Moreover, most of the current fixed installation methods result in the battery panels being unable to absorb sunlight with maximum efficiency, wasting light sources and reducing the power conversion effect. Therefore, a perovskite photovoltaic module with a replaceable active layer and adjustable at multiple angles according to the illumination angle is needed to facilitate the multi-application scenarios of perovskite solar cells in the future. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0004] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: for different application scenarios, such as performance upgrade, troubleshooting and repair, or recycling and reuse of battery components, only the problem of replacing the active layer of the component is required, and the fixed installation method of the existing fixed perovskite solar cell component has a single structure and cannot be rotated and adjusted at multiple angles, resulting in the inability to use sunlight more efficiently.

[0005] The objectives of the present invention are: on the one hand, the three active functional layers of the perovskite component of this module can be independently disassembled and assembled. The functional layer can be replaced or adjusted according to specific needs to achieve adaptation to different application scenarios, facilitating the replacement of the battery component and its cleaning. Second, the multi-axis structure of the component can achieve multi-angle rotation adjustment from vertical to 180° horizontal placement, making better use of the sunlight at noon. The correspondence between the battery panel and the light intensity reduces the light reception limitation of the fixed component and improves the utilization efficiency of sunlight.

[0006] (2) Technical Solutions

[0007] To solve the above technical problems and achieve the objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-axis light-tracking integrated perovskite photovoltaic module with a replaceable active layer. The battery part of the module is designed with three active and dismountable layers: an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a hole transport layer, which facilitates the separate replacement of the failed part of the component. The base part of the component is an integrated multi-axis light-tracking structure, which can adjust the rotation to ensure the vertical incident angle of sunlight and improve the light energy utilization rate.

[0008] The battery installation structure of the component battery part is divided into three layers: the component electrode backplane, on which a hole transport active layer (or electron transport active layer) is coated, with grooves and power interfaces inside, where the perovskite active layer can be placed; the middle layer is the perovskite active layer; the upper layer is the conductive glass cover plate for encapsulating the battery, coated with an electron transport active layer (or hole transport active layer), which absorbs sunlight, and the three active layers can be independently disassembled and replaced.

[0009] The integrated structure of the multi-axis solar tracking part of the component base mainly consists of a component bottom plate, a rotatable shaft with adjustable angle, a cantilever, and a transition steering structure: the rotatable shaft with adjustable angle and the cantilever work together to achieve the multi-range swing function of the component, facing the sun at any time; there are four screw holes distributed at the four corners of the component bottom plate, there is a shaft on the lug, which is connected to the cantilever, the end of the cantilever is the second shaft, and similarly, the third shaft connecting the cantilever and the end transition steering structure, and it is fixed to the component electrode backplane through a gasket.

[0010] The electrode backplane of the lower layer of the component mainly includes two parts: a metal electrode and a backplane. The metal electrode is composed of conductive metals such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag), and the backplane is a multi-layer structure: the outer protective structure of the backplane needs to have high reliability and stability to resist the erosion of ultraviolet rays, moisture, etc., and materials such as fluorocarbon resin (PEVE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) are selected according to different application environments. The core layer of the backplane provides the mechanical and electrical properties required for the backplane material, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is often used as the material; the perovskite active layer is mainly composed of organic and inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, with a crystal structure of ABX3 type, and materials such as methylammonium iodide (MAI) or formamidinium iodide (FAI) are mainly used; the upper conductive glass cover plate is composed of glass materials with high strength and high transmittance, such as soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, etc. In order to improve the conductivity and light transmittance of the glass cover plate, a transparent conductive oxide thin film (such as ITO, FTO, or AZO, etc.) can be coated on the surface of the glass cover plate. At the same time, the glass cover plate can be designed in an arc shape to facilitate sunlight absorption at different angles. Further, there are four screw holes at the four corners of the component bottom plate, and the bolts are external hexagonal bolts, which can be fixed in various scenarios such as horizontal, vertical planes, and inclined roofs.

[0011] Further, there are a total of three rotatable shafts. Based on the component bottom plate, from bottom to top to the component electrode backplane are the first, second, and third shafts. The rotatable range of the first shaft is 180°, and the rotatable ranges of the second and third shafts are both 360°.

[0012] Further, the lower lug is connected to the bottom plate by screws, and the connection between the steering component connected by the three cantilevers and the three-axis cantilever is a bolt connection.

[0013] Further, the connection components are mainly divided into connecting piece 1 and connecting piece 2: Connecting piece 1 and connecting piece 2 are connected by a three-axis bolt, and connecting piece 2 is fixedly connected to the electrode backplane through four cross-recessed round head screws with the help of a component gasket.

[0014] Further, the connections between the cantilever and the shaft and the steering assembly are all relatively rotatable connections.

[0015] Further, the component base plate and the component electrode backplane are both steel conducting parts to solve the problem of grounding wiring of the battery panel; the shaft is made of aluminum; the cantilever, the steering assembly, and the clamping plate are all made of aluminum alloy or carbon steel.

[0016] (III) Advantages of the present invention

[0017] The advantages of the present invention lie in providing a multi-axis solar-tracking integrated perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layers. First of all, the three active layers of this photovoltaic module are of a replaceable structure, which means that when the performance of a single active layer deteriorates or there is a technological upgrade, users can conveniently replace the new active layer alone, thereby extending the service life of the entire photovoltaic module and maintaining the high efficiency of the photovoltaic module and avoiding the huge economic losses caused by the scrapping of the entire module.

[0018] Secondly, the multi-axis solar-tracking system of this module can effectively adjust the angle of the module to the maximum light-intake angle according to the position of the sun, improve the power generation efficiency, and adapt to various terrains. It can be placed vertically or horizontally and can be applied both indoors and outdoors. Finally, the integrated design has a compact structure, reducing the volume and weight of the module, facilitating transportation and installation, and the integrated design helps to reduce the connection resistance and leakage current between components, improving the electrical performance and stability of the module. Description of the drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a conceptual schematic diagram of the three active layers of the battery structure;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the battery part of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the electrode backplane of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 are the front view and top view of connecting piece 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 are the front view and top view of connecting piece 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7The front and side views of the gasket connecting the connector 2 and the electrode back plate;

[0027] The meanings of the marks in the attached figure are: 1. Module base plate; 2. Four bolts; 3. One cantilever; 4. Two axes; 5. Conductive glass cover; 6. Two cantilevers; 7. One axis; 8. Lower ear; 9. Module electrode back plate; 10. Connector 1; 11. Three axes; 12. Connector 2; 13. Module gasket; 14. The bracket part is the module battery part (except for the lower part, which is the integrated base structure of the module) DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementations of the present invention:

[0029] Figure 1 It is the main structure diagram of the structure of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the base plate of the component is a metal plate with screw holes at the four corners. It can be installed on the ground, sloping roofs, outdoor and indoor walls. The protruding part in the middle of the base plate is the lower lug, and the bottom end of the lower lug is connected to the base plate of the component with screws. In the middle of the lug is an axis with a rotation range of 180°, which can realize the flat and vertical placement of the perovskite solar cell. A cantilever is connected to it. The cantilever is made of aluminum alloy, which is stable and reduces weight. At the end of the cantilever is a second axis and connected to two cantilevers. The rotation angle of the two axes is 360°. Working in conjunction with one axis expands the rotation angle and flexibility, and is more stable and has better load-bearing effect. The three-axis can rotate left and right, and its extended short cantilever is connected to the oversteering structure combined with the electrode backplane of the component. Figure 3 This is the overall schematic diagram of the oversteering structure. Figure 4 The top and side views of the oversteering structure are shown in Figure 1. The short cantilever and the oversteering structure are connected by bolts. The oversteering structure and the gasket of the connecting splint are also connected by bolts through the hollow circular area protruding in the middle of the gasket. Figure 5 The front and side views of the gasket are shown in Figure 1. The gasket has a circular arched hollow part in the middle, which is convenient for connecting to the oversteering structure. There is a screw hole at each corner of the gasket, which is connected to the electrode back plate of the component by screws to fix it. It should be noted that the order of the three axes in this description is from bottom to top, from the component bottom plate to the component electrode back plate, which are the "one, two, three" axes in turn.

[0030] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the component electrode backplane for placing the perovskite battery module. There is a groove on the inner side of the backplane, which can be connected to the power supply and grounded for use with the battery module. The battery module is placed at the groove, and above it is a conductive glass cover plate that receives light. The conductive glass cover plate and the bottom plate are fixed and encapsulated by bolts. It should be noted that in a broad sense, the active layer of the perovskite battery module is an electron transport active layer, a perovskite active layer, and a hole transport active layer. The conductive glass cover plate can be coated with an electron transport layer (or a hole transport layer), and the component electrode backplane can be coated with a hole transport layer (or an electron transport layer); the conductive glass cover plate, the perovskite active layer, and the component electrode backplane can all be disassembled and replaced independently, which is convenient for manual cleaning, and the three layers can be reused. With the progress of technology and the emergence of new materials, when the performance of existing products needs to be upgraded, or in cases such as material aging, preparation defects, or external damage, where the failure is related to the active layer and only replacing the active layer can effectively solve the problem, the conductive glass cover plate can be removed, and the perovskite active layer can be taken out and the original active layer can be removed from the battery by chemical etching (such as soaking the active layer in DMSO solution, etc.) or mechanical peeling, and then the surface of the battery is thoroughly cleaned and treated to remove residual impurities and pollutants, and then a new active layer is attached. Similarly, the conductive glass cover plate and the component electrode backplane can also be processed and replaced in a similar manner.

[0031] The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented by the prior art.

[0032] As described above, although the basic principles, features, and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes or substitutions can be made to its form and details without departing from the principles and scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims. All technical solutions obtained by using equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-axis light-tracking integrated perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer. The battery part of the module is designed as a detachable structure with three active layers: electron transport layer, perovskite layer and hole transport layer, which is convenient for replacing failed parts of the module separately. The base part of the module is an integrated multi-axis light-tracking structure, which can be rotated to ensure the vertical incident angle of sunlight and improve the utilization rate of light energy.

2. A multi-axis light-tracking integrated perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer, characterized in that: The component battery part is divided into three layers: the component electrode backplane, which is equipped with grooves and power interface inside for connecting the perovskite active layer, and the groove surface in contact with the perovskite active layer is coated with a hole transport active layer (or electron transport active layer); the middle layer is placed with the perovskite active layer; the upper layer is a conductive glass cover plate that encapsulates the battery, and the lower interface in contact with the perovskite active layer is coated with an electron transport active layer (or hole transport active layer) to absorb sunlight, and the three active layers can be independently disassembled and replaced.

3. A multi-axis light-tracking integrated perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer, characterized in that: The multi-axis integrated structure of the component base is mainly composed of the component base plate, an adjustable angle shaft, a cantilever and connecting parts: the adjustable angle shaft and cantilever work together to realize the multi-range swing function of the component, so that it can face the sun at any time; there are four screw holes at the four corners of the component base plate, one axis on the support ear, which is connected to the cantilever, and the second axis at the end of the cantilever. Similarly, the connector connecting the cantilever and the end is connected through three axes and fixed to the component electrode backplane through a gasket.

4. A perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electrode backplane at the bottom of the component mainly consists of two parts: the metal electrode and the backplane. The metal electrode is composed of conductive metals such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag). The backplane is a multi-layer structure: the outer protective structure of the backplane needs to have high reliability and stability to resist the erosion of ultraviolet rays, moisture, etc., and fluorocarbon resin (PEVE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) and other materials are selected according to different application environments. The core layer of the backplane provides the mechanical and electrical properties required by the backplane material, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used as the material; calcium The titanium ore active layer is mainly composed of organic and inorganic hybrid perovskite materials with an ABX3 crystal structure. The materials are mainly methylammonium iodide (MAI) or formamidine iodide (FAI). The upper conductive glass cover is composed of high-strength and high-transmittance glass materials, such as soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, etc. In order to improve the conductivity and light transmittance of the glass cover, a layer of transparent conductive oxide film (such as ITO, FTO or AZO, etc.) can be coated on the surface of the glass cover. At the same time, the glass cover can be designed to be curved, which is conducive to the absorption of sunlight at different angles.

5. The perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are four screw holes at the four corners of the component base plate, and the bolts are hexagonal bolts, which can be fixed in various scenarios such as horizontal and vertical surfaces and inclined roofs.

6. A perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are three rotating shafts in total, with the component bottom plate as the basis, and the first, second and third axes going up to the component electrode back plate in sequence. The first axis can rotate 180°, and the second and third axes can rotate 360° each.

7. The perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower support ear is connected to the bottom plate by screws, and the connection between the steering assembly connected with three cantilevers and the three-axis cantilever is bolted.

8. The perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting components are mainly divided into connecting member 1 and connecting member 2: connecting member 1 is connected to connecting member 2 via a triaxial bolt, and connecting member 2 is fixedly connected to the electrode back plate via a component gasket via four cross round head screws.

9. The perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connection between the cantilever and the shaft and the steering assembly is a relative rotation connection.

10. The perovskite photovoltaic module with replaceable active layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The assembly bottom plate and assembly electrode back plate are both steel conductive parts to achieve the grounding connection problem of the battery panel; the shaft is made of aluminum; the cantilever, steering assembly, and splint are all made of aluminum alloy or carbon steel.

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