Transparent OLED and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a transparent OLED and a preparation method and application thereof. The transparent OLED comprises an anode, an organic film layer, a patterned fluorine-containing compound layer and a patterned cathode which are arranged in sequence. Through the design of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer, the transparent OLED containing the patterned cathode can be prepared by using Common Mask by arranging the fluorine-containing compound layer on one side of the organic film layer only by using one FMM, and the phenomenon that in the process of preparing the patterned cathode by using at least two FMMs, the cathode is deformed due to deformation of the FMM is avoided, so that the performance of the OLED is improved. According to the invention, the problems of difficulty in forming the connected patterned cathode and even difficulty in forming the connected patterned cathode are solved, meanwhile, the damage to the FMM in the process of preparing the patterned cathode by using the FMM is solved, the preparation process of the patterned cathode is simplified, and finally, the transparent OLED with relatively high penetration rate is prepared.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of OLED devices, and particularly relates to a transparent OLED and its preparation method and application. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing development of display technologies, various new technologies have emerged continuously. Transparent display technology has attracted more and more attention due to the transparency of its display panel and its unique applications. The core of transparent display technology is the transparent display panel, which is a transparent panel capable of displaying images. When turned off, the panel is like a transparent glass; when working, viewers can not only view the content displayed on the panel but also see the objects behind the panel through the panel.

[0003] In recent years, researchers have conducted a large number of studies on transparent display technology and tried various methods to achieve transparent display. Currently, the main method for realizing transparent OLED is to reduce the pixels, such as setting a light-emitting area and a light-transmitting area in the OLED. CN219780848U discloses a new type of OLED transparent display screen, which relates to the field of flat panel display and includes an active matrix driving array substrate, a blue OLED light-emitting layer, and a light color conversion layer connected in sequence. The external logic driving circuit outputs an electrical signal through the active matrix driving array substrate to light up the corresponding blue OLED in the specified sub-pixel. The red and green fluorescent powders in the light color conversion layer absorb the blue light emitted by the blue OLED and emit red light and green light respectively. The sub-pixel positions without fluorescent powder in the light color conversion layer directly output blue light to achieve full-color light emission of the display screen. The overall light transmittance of the display screen is adjusted by controlling the area ratio of the transparent area in the pixel.

[0004] CN106356393A discloses a transparent display panel. By setting a light-emitting area and a light-transmitting area in each sub-pixel, an OLED light-emitting device is set in the light-emitting area, and liquid crystal molecules are set in the light-transmitting area. According to the intensity of the ambient light on the back of the transparent display panel and the brightness of the input picture, the transmittance of the light-transmitting area is controlled by controlling the rotation of the liquid crystal molecules, which can not only achieve a better display effect but also extend the service life of the OLED light-emitting device; or, by setting multiple light-emitting sub-pixels and at least one light-transmitting sub-pixel in each pixel unit, an OLED light-emitting device is set in the light-emitting sub-pixel, and liquid crystal molecules are set in the light-transmitting sub-pixel. According to the intensity of the ambient light on the back of the transparent display panel and the brightness of the input picture, the transmittance of the light-transmitting sub-pixel is controlled by controlling the rotation of the liquid crystal molecules, which can not only achieve a better display effect but also extend the service life of the OLED light-emitting device.

[0005] In the above method, a transparent display area is set in the OLED device to increase the transmittance of transparent display. However, due to the poor transmittance of the cathode in the OLED device (about 50%), even if a transparent display area is set in the OLED device, the light transmittance of the prepared OLED device is still poor. In the prior art, the transmittance of the OLED is improved by preparing a patterned cathode. CN113488605A discloses a method for forming a patterned cathode and a display panel. The method includes providing an array substrate, on which a pixel definition layer with a plurality of pixel openings is formed, and an OLED pixel unit is arranged in each pixel opening; the OLED pixel unit includes an anode exposed by the pixel opening, a light-emitting material layer located on the side of the anode away from the array substrate, and a cathode layer located on the side of the anode away from the light-emitting material layer; the cathode layer includes a reserved area whose orthographic projection on the array substrate covers the orthographic projection of the light-emitting material layer on the array substrate and an area to be etched covering the pixel definition layer; a patterned transparent protective layer is formed on the cathode layer, and the area to be etched is exposed by the transparent protective layer; using the transparent protective layer as a mask, the cathode layer in the area to be etched is removed, so that a patterned cathode is formed in the reserved area. This technical solution obtains a patterned cathode by etching away part of the cathode.

[0006] In the prior art, a patterned cathode is also prepared by using at least two FMMs (high-precision metal mask plates). However, in this method, due to the high temperature during the evaporation of the cathode, the FMM is deformed, which cannot guarantee the quality of the prepared cathode; and the material of the FMM is generally nickel metal, which is prone to adsorb metal materials during the evaporation process of preparing the cathode, resulting in plugging of holes, which is difficult to clean and difficult to use for a long time; at the same time, during the process of using FMM to prepare a patterned cathode, at least two FMMs are required, making the preparation process of the patterned cathode cumbersome and the production efficiency low. Therefore, how to overcome the above difficulties and obtain a transparent OLED with a patterned cathode and a high transmittance has become an urgent technical problem to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a transparent OLED, a preparation method thereof and an application. In the present invention, a fluorine-containing compound layer is set on one side of the organic film layer by using an FMM, and then a patterned cathode can be prepared by using a CommonMask, avoiding the problem that the cathode is deformed due to the deformation of the FMM during the process of preparing a patterned cathode by using at least two FMMs, and even it is difficult to form a connected patterned cathode. At the same time, the damage to the FMM during the process of using FMM to prepare a patterned cathode is solved, the preparation process of the patterned cathode is simplified, and finally a transparent OLED with a high transmittance is prepared.

[0008] To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a transparent OLED, which comprises an anode, an organic film layer, a patterned fluorine-containing compound layer, and a patterned cathode disposed in sequence.

[0010] In the present invention, through the design of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer, since a metal material cannot be deposited on the surface of the fluorine-containing compound layer, a patterned cathode can be prepared by using a Common Mask.

[0011] The following are preferred technical solutions of the present invention, but do not limit the technical solutions provided by the present invention. Through the following preferred technical solutions, the objectives and beneficial effects of the present invention can be better achieved and realized.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the pattern of the patterned fluorine-containing compound is complementary to the pattern of the patterned cathode.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation raw material of the fluorine-containing compound layer includes a fluorine-containing compound.

[0014] Preferably, the fluorine-containing compound contains a carbonyl group.

[0015] In the present invention, organic groups such as carbonyl in the fluorine-containing compound have good adhesion to the organic film layer, and the presence of a large number of fluorine atoms in the fluorine-containing compound makes it impossible for a metal to be deposited on the surface of the fluorine-containing compound. Therefore, in the present invention, by using a specific fluorine-containing compound, a fluorine-containing compound layer is prepared on one side of the organic film layer, and then a patterned cathode can be prepared by a conventional Common Mask.

[0016] Preferably, the fluorine-containing compound includes a compound having a structure shown in the following formula:

[0017]

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer is For example, it can be or etc., preferably

[0019] In the present invention, by controlling the thickness of the fluorine-containing compound layer within a specific range, it is possible to avoid the deposition of the cathode on the surface of the fluorine-containing compound, and then prepare a patterned cathode, improve the transmittance of the transparent OLED, and avoid waste of raw materials. If the thickness of the fluorine-containing compound layer is too thin, the cathode material will be deposited on the surface of the fluorine-containing compound, and the transmittance of the prepared OLED will be low; if the thickness of the fluorine-containing compound is too thick, it will cause waste of raw materials.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a transparent OLED as described in the first aspect, and the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0021] A patterned fluorine-containing compound layer is provided on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode;

[0022] A patterned cathode is provided on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode to obtain the transparent OLED.

[0023] In the present invention, by using an FMM to provide a fluorine-containing compound layer on one side of the organic film layer, a patterned cathode can then be prepared using a Common Mask, avoiding the problem that during the process of preparing a patterned cathode using at least two FMMs, the cathode deforms due to the deformation of the FMM, and it is even difficult to form a connected patterned cathode. At the same time, the damage to the FMM during the process of preparing a patterned cathode using the FMM is solved, the preparation process of the patterned cathode is simplified, and finally a transparent OLED with a relatively high transmittance is prepared.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the method for providing the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer includes: vapor-depositing a fluorine-containing compound on the organic film layer using an FMM to obtain a fluorine-containing compound layer.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the temperature for vapor-depositing the fluorine-containing compound is 100 - 200 °C, for example, it can be 100 °C, 110 °C, 120 °C, 130 °C, 140 °C, 150 °C, 160 °C, 170 °C, 180 °C, 190 °C or 200 °C, etc.

[0026] In the present invention, by controlling the process conditions for vapor-depositing the fluorine-containing compound within a specific range, and further controlling the thickness of the fluorine-containing compound layer within a specific range, a transparent OLED with a relatively high transmittance is prepared.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the method for preparing the patterned cathode includes: vapor-depositing a cathode material using a Common Mask to obtain a patterned cathode.

[0028] It should be noted that in the present invention, there are no special restrictions on the cathode material, and any cathode material commonly used in the art is applicable. At the same time, in the present invention, there are no special restrictions on the thickness of the patterned cathode, and any thickness commonly used in the art is applicable. Exemplarily, it includes but is not limited to: For example, it can be or etc.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the method for preparing the transparent OLED specifically includes the following steps:

[0030] At 100 - 200 °C, a fluorine-containing compound is vapor-deposited on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode using an FMM to obtain a fluorine-containing compound layer with a thickness of ;

[0031] A cathode material is vapor-deposited on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode using a Common Mask to form a patterned cathode, thereby obtaining the transparent OLED.

[0032] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a display device, which includes the transparent OLED as described in the first aspect.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) By using an FMM to dispose a fluorine-containing compound layer on one side of the organic film layer, the present invention can then use a Common Mask to prepare a patterned cathode, avoiding the problem that during the process of using at least two FMMs to prepare a patterned cathode, the cathode deforms due to the deformation of the FMM, and even it is difficult to form a connected patterned cathode. At the same time, it solves the damage to the FMM during the process of using the FMM to prepare a patterned cathode, simplifies the preparation process of the patterned cathode, and finally prepares a transparent OLED with a relatively high transmittance.

[0035] (2) Through the design of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer and controlling the thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer within a specific range, the present invention prepares a transparent OLED that not only has a relatively high transmittance but also avoids waste of raw materials, and its transmittance is 48 - 50%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent OLED provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the FMM used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 is a top view of the cathode obtained by vapor deposition using the first FMM provided in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 is a top view of the cathode obtained by vapor deposition using the second FMM provided in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Among them, 1 - patterned fluorine-containing compound layer, 2 - patterned cathode, 3 - opening area of the FMM, 4 - cathode overlapping area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are only for helping to understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations on the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that the anodes and organic film layers in the following embodiments and comparative examples are the same for the OLEDs.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] This example provides a transparent OLED and its preparation method. The top view schematic diagram of the transparent OLED is as Figure 1 shown. The transparent OLED includes an anode, an organic film layer, a patterned fluorine-containing compound layer 1, and a patterned cathode 2 arranged in sequence;

[0045] Among them, the thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer 1 is

[0046] The thickness of the patterned cathode 2 is

[0047] The preparation method of the transparent OLED is as follows:

[0048] At 150 °C, a fluorine-containing compound is evaporated on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode using an FMM to obtain a patterned fluorine-containing compound layer 1 with a thickness of ;

[0049] The structural schematic diagram of the FMM used is as Figure 2 shown, and the blank area is the opening area 3 of the FMM;

[0050] Yb with a thickness of is evaporated on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode using a Common Mask, and then an Mg / Ag alloy (the mass ratio of Mg and Ag is 1:9) is evaporated to form a patterned cathode 2, obtaining the transparent OLED.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This example provides a transparent OLED and its preparation method. The difference from Example 1 is only that:

[0053] The thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer is

[0054] Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] This example provides a transparent OLED and its preparation method. The difference from Example 1 is only that:

[0057] The thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer is

[0058] Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] This example provides a transparent OLED and a preparation method thereof. The difference from Example 1 is only that:

[0061] The thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer is

[0062] Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] This example provides a transparent OLED and a preparation method thereof. The difference from Example 1 is only that:

[0065] The thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer is

[0066] Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] This example provides a transparent OLED and a preparation method thereof. The difference from Example 1 is only that:

[0069] The thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer is

[0070] Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] This comparative example provides a transparent OLED and a preparation method thereof. The transparent OLED includes an anode, an organic film layer, and a patterned cathode 2 arranged in sequence;

[0073] The thickness of the patterned cathode 2 is

[0074] The preparation method of the transparent OLED is as follows:

[0075] After evaporating the cathode material on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode using the first FMM (the top view is as Figure 3 shown), after evaporating the cathode material on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode using the second FMM, the cathode obtained by evaporating using the first FMM and the cathode obtained by evaporating using the second FMM partially overlap to form a cathode overlap region 4 (the top view is as Figure 4As shown in the figure, a patterned cathode 2 is formed to obtain the transparent OLED.

[0076] The performance of the transparent OLEDs provided in the above embodiments and comparative examples was tested. The specific test methods are as follows:

[0077] Penetration rate: The transmittance, which is the ability of light to pass through a medium, is the percentage of the luminous flux passing through a transparent or translucent body to its incident luminous flux. The transmittance can represent the light transmission efficiency of display devices, etc. The penetration rate of the transparent OLEDs provided in the above embodiments and comparative examples was tested using UVVis.

[0078] The above performance test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0079] Table 1

[0080]

[0081] As can be seen from the above, in the present invention, by using an FMM to provide a fluorine-containing compound layer on one side of the organic film layer, a patterned cathode can then be prepared using a Common Mask, avoiding the problem that during the preparation of a patterned cathode using at least two FMMs, the cathode deforms due to the deformation of the FMM, and it is even difficult to form a connected patterned cathode. At the same time, the damage to the FMM during the preparation of the patterned cathode using the FMM is solved, the preparation process of the patterned cathode is simplified, and finally a transparent OLED with a relatively high penetration rate is prepared.

[0082] In the present invention, through the design of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer and controlling the thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer within a specific range, a transparent OLED with both a relatively high penetration rate and avoiding waste of raw materials is prepared, and its penetration rate is 48 - 50%.

[0083] Compared with the preparation method provided in Comparative Example 1, in the present invention, by using an FMM to provide a fluorine-containing compound layer on one side of the organic film layer, a patterned cathode can then be prepared using a Common Mask, avoiding the problem that during the preparation of a patterned cathode using at least two FMMs, the cathode deforms due to the deformation of the FMM, and it is even difficult to form a connected patterned cathode. At the same time, the damage to the FMM during the preparation of the patterned cathode using the FMM is solved, and the preparation process of the patterned cathode is simplified.

[0084] In summary, in the present invention, through the design of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer, and by controlling the thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer within a specific range, and further through a specific preparation process, a transparent OLEF with a high transmittance is prepared, and the problem that during the preparation of the patterned cathode using at least two FMMs, the deformation of the cathode is caused by the deformation of the FMM, and even it is difficult to form a connected patterned cathode is avoided. At the same time, the damage to the FMM during the preparation of the patterned cathode using the FMM is solved, and the preparation process of the patterned cathode is simplified.

[0085] The applicant declares that the present invention uses the above embodiments to illustrate the detailed process flow and detailed structural features of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed process flow and detailed structural features, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above detailed process flow and detailed structural features to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement to the present invention, the equivalent replacement of each raw material of the product of the present invention, the addition of auxiliary components, the selection of specific methods, etc., any improvement to the present invention, the equivalent replacement of the components selected by the present invention, the addition of auxiliary components, and the selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and the disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transparent OLED, characterized in that, The transparent OLED includes an anode, an organic film layer, a patterned fluorine-containing compound layer, and a patterned cathode, which are sequentially arranged.

2. The transparent OLED according to claim 1, wherein The pattern of the patterned fluorine-containing compound is complementary to the pattern of the patterned cathode.

3. The transparent OLED according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preparation raw material of the fluorine-containing compound layer includes a fluorine-containing compound; Preferably, the fluorine-containing compound contains a carbonyl group; Preferably, the fluorine-containing compound includes a compound having a structure shown in the following formula:

4. The transparent OLED according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The thickness of the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer is preferably 5. A method for preparing a transparent OLED according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: A patterned fluorine-containing compound layer is arranged on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode; A patterned cathode is arranged on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode to obtain the transparent OLED.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for arranging the patterned fluorine-containing compound layer includes: using an FMM to evaporate a fluorine-containing compound on the organic film layer to obtain a fluorine-containing compound layer.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature for evaporating the fluorine-containing compound is 100-200 °C.

8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, The method for preparing the patterned cathode includes: using a Common Mask to evaporate a cathode material to obtain a patterned cathode.

9. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that, The preparation method specifically includes the following steps: At 100 to 200 °C, a fluorine-containing compound is vapor-deposited on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode using an FMM to obtain a fluorine-containing compound layer with a thickness of ; Using a Common Mask to evaporate a cathode material on the side of the organic film layer away from the anode to form a patterned cathode, thereby obtaining the transparent OLED.

10. A display device, characterized in that, The display device includes the transparent OLED according to any one of claims 1-4.

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