Light emitting device

Abstract

The invention provides a light emitting device which comprises a substrate, an insulating layer, a first light emitting unit and a first light shielding layer. The insulating layer is disposed on the substrate and includes a first opening. The first light emitting unit is disposed in the first opening. The first light shielding layer is arranged on the insulating layer. In a cross-sectional view, the first light shielding layer includes a first light shielding portion and a second light shielding portion adjacent to the first light shielding portion, a first overlapping area of the first light shielding portion is defined by a portion where the first light shielding portion overlaps the first opening, and a second overlapping area of the second light shielding portion is defined by a portion where the second light shielding portion overlaps the first opening. The first overlapping area is different from the second overlapping area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an electronic device, and more particularly to a light-emitting device. Background Art

[0002] Most traditional electronic devices are designed to have a left-right symmetric or up-down symmetric viewing angle. However, in some applications (such as automotive applications), an asymmetric viewing angle design is required to meet the user's usage requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present disclosure provides a light-emitting device having an asymmetric viewing angle design.

[0004] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the light-emitting device includes a substrate, an insulating layer, a first light-emitting unit, and a first light-shielding layer. The insulating layer is disposed on the substrate and includes a first opening. The first light-emitting unit is disposed in the first opening. The first light-shielding layer is disposed on the insulating layer. In a cross-sectional view, the first light-shielding layer includes a first light-shielding portion and a second light-shielding portion adjacent to the first light-shielding portion. A first overlapping area of the first light-shielding portion is defined by a portion of the first light-shielding portion overlapping the first opening, a second overlapping area of the second light-shielding portion is defined by a portion of the second light-shielding portion overlapping the first opening, and the first overlapping area is different from the second overlapping area.

[0005] To make the above features and advantages of the present disclosure more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments are hereinafter given and described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0006] Figure 1 is a partial top view schematic diagram of a light-emitting device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0007] Figure 2 and Figure 3 are respectively Figure 1 the cross-sectional schematic diagrams of the section line I-I' and the section line II-II' in

[0008] Figures 4 to 8 the partial cross-sectional schematic diagrams of various light-emitting devices according to the second to sixth embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0009] Figure 9 is a partial top view schematic diagram of a light-emitting device according to a seventh embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0010] Figure 10 is Figure 9 the cross-sectional schematic diagram of the section line III-III' in

[0011] Figure 11 is a partial top view schematic diagram of a light-emitting device according to an eighth embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0012] Figure 12 is Figure 11 a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the sectional line IV-IV';

[0013] Figures 13 to 15 are respectively schematic partial cross-sectional views of various light-emitting devices according to the ninth to eleventh embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0014] Figure 16 is a schematic partial top view of a light-emitting device according to the twelfth embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0015] Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whenever possible, the same reference numerals will be used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.

[0016] Throughout the specification and the appended claims of the present disclosure, certain terms will be used to refer to specific elements. Those skilled in the art should understand that electronic device manufacturers may refer to the same element by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between elements that have the same function but different names. In the following specification and claims, words such as "comprising" and "including" are open-ended terms and should therefore be interpreted as "including but not limited to...".

[0017] Directional terms mentioned herein, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., are only with reference to the directions in the drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for illustration and not for limiting the present disclosure. In the drawings, each drawing shows the general characteristics of the methods, structures, and / or materials used in a specific embodiment. However, these drawings should not be construed as defining or limiting the scope or nature covered by these embodiments. For example, for clarity, the relative dimensions, thicknesses, and positions of each film layer, region, and / or structure may be reduced or enlarged.

[0018] When a structure (or layer, element, substrate) described in the present disclosure is located above / on another structure (or layer, element, substrate), it may mean that the two structures are adjacent and directly connected, or it may mean that the two structures are adjacent but not directly connected. Non-direct connection means that there is at least one intermediate structure (or intermediate layer, intermediate element, intermediate substrate, intermediate interval) between the two structures, the lower surface of one structure is adjacent to or directly connected to the upper surface of the intermediate structure, and the upper surface of the other structure is adjacent to or directly connected to the lower surface of the intermediate structure. The intermediate structure can be composed of a single-layer or multi-layer solid structure or non-solid structure, without limitation. In the present disclosure, when a structure is disposed "on" another structure, it may mean that the structure is "directly" on the other structure, or it may mean that the structure is "indirectly" on the other structure, that is, there is at least one structure sandwiched between the structure and the other structure.

[0019] The terms "about", "substantially", or "approximately" are generally interpreted as within 10% of the given value or range, or within 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0.5% of the given value or range. In addition, the expressions "ranging from a first value to a second value" and "ranging between a first value and a second value" mean that the range includes the first value, the second value, and other values therebetween.

[0020] The ordinal numbers used in the specification and claims, such as "first", "second", etc., are used to modify elements. They do not themselves imply or represent that the element(s) have any previous ordinal number, nor do they represent the order of one element with respect to another element or the order in a manufacturing method. The use of these ordinal numbers is only to clearly distinguish an element with a certain name from another element with the same name. The same terms may not be used in the claims and the specification. Accordingly, the first component in the specification may be the second component in the claim.

[0021] The electrical connections or couplings described in this disclosure may refer to direct connections or indirect connections. In the case of a direct connection, the endpoints of the components on two circuits are directly connected or connected to each other by a conductor segment. In the case of an indirect connection, there are switches, diodes, capacitors, inductors, resistors, other suitable components, or combinations of the above components between the endpoints of the components on two circuits, but not limited thereto.

[0022] In this disclosure, the thickness, length, and width can be measured by using an optical microscope (OM), and the thickness or width can be measured from the cross-sectional images in an electron microscope, but not limited thereto. In addition, there may be a certain error between any two values or directions to be compared. Moreover, the expressions "a given range from a first value to a second value", "a given range falls within the range from a first value to a second value", or "a given range ranges between a first value and a second value" mean that the given range includes the first value, the second value, and other values therebetween. If a first direction is perpendicular to a second direction, the angle between the first direction and the second direction can be between 80 degrees and 100 degrees; if a first direction is parallel to a second direction, the angle between the first direction and the second direction can be between 0 degrees and 10 degrees.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be understood that such terms, if defined in a commonly used dictionary, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the relevant art and the background or context of this disclosure, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner, unless specifically defined in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0024] In the present disclosure, the electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a light-emitting device, a backlight device, an antenna device, a packaging device, a sensing device, or a splicing device. The electronic device may be a bendable or flexible electronic device. The light-emitting device may be a non-self-luminous type light-emitting device or a self-luminous type light-emitting device. The light-emitting device may include, for example, liquid crystal, light-emitting diode, fluorescence, phosphor, quantum dot (QD), a projection type light-emitting device, other suitable display media, or a combination of the foregoing. The antenna device may include, for example, a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS), a Radio Frequency Filter (RF-Filter), a Polarizer, a Resonator, or an Antenna, etc. The antenna may be an antenna in a liquid crystal form or an antenna of Varactor Diodes. The sensing device may be a sensing device for sensing capacitance, light, heat energy, or ultrasonic waves, but is not limited thereto. In the present disclosure, the electronic device may include electronic components, and the electronic components may include passive components and active components, such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes, transistors, etc. The diode may include a light-emitting diode, a Varactor Diode, or a photodiode. The light-emitting diode may include, for example, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a mini LED, a micro LED, or a quantum dot LED, but is not limited thereto. The splicing device may be, for example, a display splicing device or an antenna splicing device, but is not limited thereto. It should be noted that the electronic device may be any permutation and combination of the foregoing, but is not limited thereto. The packaging device may be a packaging device applicable to Wafer-Level Package (WLP) technology or Panel-Level Package (WLP) technology, such as a chip first process or an RDL first process. In addition, the appearance of the electronic device may be rectangular, circular, polygonal, a shape with curved edges, or other suitable shapes. The electronic device may have peripheral systems such as a driving system, a control system, a light source system, etc. to support the light-emitting device, the antenna device, a wearable device (such as including augmented reality or virtual reality), a vehicle-mounted device (such as including an automotive windshield), or a splicing device.

[0025] Figure 1 is a partial top-down schematic view of a light-emitting device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 and Figure 3 are respectivelyFigure 1 Schematic cross-sectional views of the center cross-section I-I' and the cross-section II-II'. Figures 4 to 8 Respectively are partial cross-sectional views of various light-emitting devices according to the second to sixth embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 9 Is a partial top view of a light-emitting device according to the seventh embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 10 Is Figure 9 Schematic cross-sectional view of the center cross-section III-III'. Figure 11 Is a partial top view of a light-emitting device according to the eighth embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12 Is Figure 11 Schematic cross-sectional view of the center cross-section IV-IV'. Figures 13 to 15 Respectively are partial cross-sectional views of various light-emitting devices according to the ninth to eleventh embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 16 Is a partial top view of a light-emitting device according to the twelfth embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be noted that in the embodiments exemplified by the present disclosure, without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure, the features in several different embodiments can be replaced, recombined, and mixed to complete other embodiments. As long as the features between the embodiments do not violate the inventive spirit or conflict with each other, they can be arbitrarily mixed and used.

[0026] Please first refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the light-emitting device 1 may include a substrate SUB, an insulating layer IN1, a first light-emitting unit U1, and a first light-shielding layer LS1. The insulating layer IN1 is disposed on the substrate SUB and includes a first opening AP1. The first light-emitting unit U1 is disposed in the first opening AP1. The first light-shielding layer LS1 is disposed on the insulating layer IN1. In the cross-sectional view (for example Figure 2 ), the first light-shielding layer LS1 includes a first light-shielding portion LS11 and a second light-shielding portion LS12 adjacent to the first light-shielding portion LS11. The first overlapping area A1 of the first light-shielding portion LS11 is defined by the portion of the first light-shielding portion LS11 overlapping the first opening AP1. The second overlapping area A2 of the second light-shielding portion LS12 is defined by the portion of the second light-shielding portion LS12 overlapping the first opening AP1, and the first overlapping area A1 is different from the second overlapping area A2.

[0027] Specifically, the substrate SUB can be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate. The material of the substrate SUB includes, for example, glass, quartz, ceramics, sapphire, or plastic, etc., but is not limited thereto. The plastic can include polycarbonate (PC), polyimide (PI), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), other suitable flexible materials, or a combination of the foregoing materials, but is not limited thereto.

[0028] The insulating layer IN1 can also be referred to as a pixel definition layer, which can be used to provide an opening for accommodating a light-emitting unit. The material of the insulating layer IN1 includes, for example, an organic insulating material, an inorganic insulating material, or a combination of the above. The organic insulating material includes, for example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), epoxy resin, acrylic-based resin, silicone, polyimide polymer, or a combination of the above, but is not limited thereto. The inorganic insulating material includes, for example, silicon oxide or silicon nitride, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the material of the insulating layer IN1 can include an opaque material to reduce problems such as light interference and / or light mixing. The opaque material can include white, gray, or black organic polymer materials, such as a black matrix, but is not limited thereto.

[0029] The first light-emitting unit U1 can be used to provide a light beam. For example, the first light-emitting unit U1 can include a light-emitting diode, an organic light-emitting diode, a submillimeter light-emitting diode, a micro light-emitting diode, or a quantum dot light-emitting diode.

[0030] In some embodiments, the insulating layer IN1 can include a plurality of openings AP, and the light-emitting device 1 can include a plurality of light-emitting units U. The setting relationship between the opening AP and the light-emitting unit U can be one-to-one (as Figure 2 or Figure 3 shown) or one-to-many (as Figure 10 or Figure 12 shown). The plurality of light-emitting units U can include a plurality of light-emitting diodes, a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes, a plurality of submillimeter light-emitting diodes, a plurality of micro light-emitting diodes, or a plurality of quantum dot light-emitting diodes. The plurality of light-emitting units U can be arranged in an array in the direction X and the direction Y. The direction X and the direction Y intersect with each other, and the plane formed by the direction X and the direction Y is parallel to the surface of the substrate SUB and perpendicular to the thickness direction of the substrate SUB (such as the direction Z). In some embodiments, the direction X and the direction Y are perpendicular to each other, but are not limited thereto.

[0031] According to different requirements, the plurality of light-emitting units U can include a plurality of light-emitting units of different colors or a plurality of light-emitting units of a single color. For example, when the plurality of light-emitting units U are used as display pixels, the plurality of light-emitting units U can include a plurality of red light-emitting units UR ( Figure 1 only one is schematically shown), a plurality of green light-emitting units UG, and a plurality of blue light-emitting units UB, but is not limited thereto. On the other hand, when the plurality of light-emitting units U are used as a backlight, the plurality of light-emitting units U can include a plurality of monochromatic light-emitting elements, such as a plurality of white light-emitting elements or a plurality of blue light-emitting elements, but is not limited thereto.

[0032] Taking an organic light-emitting diode as an example, asFigure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the light-emitting unit U may include a lower electrode EB, a light-emitting layer EL, and an upper electrode ET. The lower electrode EB is disposed on the substrate SUB and at the bottom of the opening AP. The light-emitting layer EL is disposed on the lower electrode EB and at least partially within the opening AP. The upper electrode ET is disposed on the light-emitting layer EL and at least partially within the opening AP. Herein, the opening AP is a space where the insulating layer IN1 is hollowed out, and "the light-emitting unit U is disposed in the opening AP" means that at least a part of the light-emitting unit U falls within the opening AP, and is not limited to the entire light-emitting unit U falling within the opening AP. For example, in the structure of an organic light-emitting diode, as Figure 2 or Figure 3 shown, the upper electrode ET may further extend onto the insulating layer IN1, and the upper electrodes ET of multiple light-emitting units U may be connected to each other such that a part of the light-emitting unit U falls outside the opening AP.

[0033] The first light-shielding layer LS1 can be used to reflect or absorb the light beam so that at least a part of the light beam cannot pass straight forward. The material of the first light-shielding layer LS1 includes, for example, a black matrix, a metal, or other light-impermeable materials, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the first light-shielding layer LS1 may be indirectly disposed on the insulating layer IN1. Taking Figure 2 and Figure 3 as an example, the light-emitting device 1 may further include an insulating layer IN2, where the insulating layer IN2 is disposed on the upper electrodes ET of multiple light-emitting units U and provides a flat surface for carrying the first light-shielding layer LS1. The material of the insulating layer IN2 is, for example, a light-transmitting material, such as an organic insulating material, an inorganic insulating material, or a combination of the above.

[0034] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 shown, the first light-shielding layer LS1 may include a plurality of light-transmitting openings AP', and each light-transmitting opening AP' may be overlapped with a corresponding one or more light-emitting units U to control the light-emitting angle of the light beam emitted from the light-emitting device 1. Taking Figure 2 or Figure 3For example, the desired viewing angle can be achieved by controlling the vertical distance H between the substrate SUB and the first light-shielding layer LS1 and / or the relative size design of the light-transmitting opening AP' and the opening AP. For example, when the width of the light-transmitting opening AP' is W1, the minimum width of the opening AP is W2, and the maximum width of the opening AP is W3, the narrow viewing angle requirement can be satisfied by making W1 < W2. In some embodiments, 0.5 * W2 < W1 < W2. In some embodiments, W1 < W2 < W3. In some embodiments, when the vertical distance H is 10 micrometers, the width W1 is, for example, less than 5 micrometers to make the viewing angle less than 30 degrees. In some embodiments, when the top width of the first opening AP1 (or opening AP) is greater than the bottom width of the first opening AP1 (or opening AP), the maximum width W3 of the first opening AP1 (or opening AP) is measured at a position higher than the first light-emitting unit U1 (or light-emitting unit U).

[0035] In some embodiments, the effect of viewing angle asymmetry can be achieved by the design of offset between the light-transmitting opening AP' of the first light-shielding layer LS1 and the opening AP of the insulating layer IN1. The design of offset between the light-transmitting opening AP' and the opening AP may include offsetting the center of the light-transmitting opening AP' and the center of the opening AP in the direction X to achieve the effect of viewing angle asymmetry in the direction X. The design of offset between the light-transmitting opening AP' and the opening AP may also include offsetting the center of the light-transmitting opening AP' and the center of the opening AP in the direction Y to achieve the effect of viewing angle asymmetry in the direction Y. The design of offset between the light-transmitting opening AP' and the opening AP may further include offsetting the center of the light-transmitting opening AP' and the center of the opening AP in both the direction X and the direction Y to achieve the effect of viewing angle asymmetry in both the direction X and the direction Y.

[0036] Figure 2 Schematically shows the design of offset between the light-transmitting opening AP' and the opening AP in the direction X. In Figure 2Among them, the light-transmitting opening AP’ is located in the middle of the first light-shielding portion LS11 and the second light-shielding portion LS12, and the range of the light-transmitting opening AP’ is defined by the side wall of the first light-shielding portion LS11 adjacent to the light-transmitting opening AP’ and the side wall of the second light-shielding portion LS12 adjacent to the light-transmitting opening AP’. When the bottom width and the top width of the first opening AP1 are different, the overlapping area can be uniformly calculated using the top or the bottom of the first opening AP1. For example, the first overlapping area A1 of the first light-shielding portion LS11 can be defined by the portion where the first light-shielding portion LS11 completely overlaps with the bottom of the first opening AP1, and the second overlapping area A2 of the second light-shielding portion LS12 can be defined by the portion where the second light-shielding portion LS12 completely overlaps with the bottom of the first opening AP1. If the first light-shielding portion LS11 does not overlap with the bottom of the first opening AP1, the first overlapping area A1 is zero. Similarly, if the second light-shielding portion LS12 does not overlap with the bottom of the first opening AP1, the second overlapping area A2 is zero. When the light-transmitting opening AP’ is offset from the opening AP, the first overlapping area A1 is different from the second overlapping area A2. Thus, the light-emitting angle of the light beam emitted from the left side of the light-transmitting opening AP’ (referring to the angle between the light beam propagation direction and the direction Z) is different from the light-emitting angle of the light beam emitted from the right side of the light-transmitting opening AP’, achieving the effect of viewing angle asymmetry.

[0037] Although the above viewing angle asymmetry design is illustrated by taking the green light-emitting unit UG as an example, it should be understood that light-emitting units of other colors (such as the red light-emitting unit UR and / or the blue light-emitting unit UB) can also adopt the above viewing angle asymmetry design. For example, as Figure 3 shown, the insulating layer IN1 may further include a second opening AP2, and the light-emitting device 1 may further include a second light-emitting unit U2 (for example, a red light-emitting unit UR), and the second light-emitting unit U2 is disposed in the second opening AP2. In another cross-sectional view (such as Figure 3 shown), the first light-shielding layer LS1 further includes a third light-shielding portion LS13 and a fourth light-shielding portion LS14 adjacent to the third light-shielding portion LS13, wherein the third overlapping area A3 of the third light-shielding portion LS13 is defined by the portion where the third light-shielding portion LS13 overlaps with the second opening AP2, the fourth overlapping area A4 of the fourth light-shielding portion LS14 is defined by the portion where the fourth light-shielding portion LS14 overlaps with the second opening AP2, and the third overlapping area A3 is different from the fourth overlapping area A4. In some embodiments, although not shown, the blue light-emitting unit UB can also adopt the above viewing angle asymmetry design, which will not be elaborated below.

[0038] When the sizes of light-emitting units of different colors are different (such as Figure 1 shown), the offset degrees of different light-transmitting openings AP’ can be different to achieve the effect of similar viewing angles for each color. Taking Figure 2 and Figure 3For example, the first light-emitting unit U1 and the second light-emitting unit U2 emit different colored lights, such as green light and red light. In some embodiments, the difference between the first overlapping area A1 and the second overlapping area A2 (e.g., |A1 - A2|) may be different from the difference between the third overlapping area A3 and the fourth overlapping area A4 (e.g., |A3 - A4|). In some embodiments, the first overlapping area A1 is different from the third overlapping area A3, and / or the second overlapping area A2 is different from the fourth overlapping area A4. In some embodiments, the first overlapping area A1 divided by the second overlapping area A2 may be different from the third overlapping area A3 divided by the fourth overlapping area A4.

[0039] In some embodiments, the biasing directions of the plurality of light-transmitting openings AP’ may be the same or opposite. Figure 2 and Figure 3 shows a structure in which the biasing directions of the plurality of light-transmitting openings AP’ are the same. Specifically, in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the substrate SUB includes a side edge SS, the first overlapping area A1 is larger than the second overlapping area A2, and the first overlapping area A1 is closer to the side edge SS than the second overlapping area A2, the third overlapping area A3 is larger than the fourth overlapping area A4, and the third overlapping area A3 is closer to the side edge SS than the fourth overlapping area A4. In other words, the light-transmitting openings AP’ corresponding to the first light-emitting unit U1 and the light-transmitting openings AP’ corresponding to the second light-emitting unit U2 are both biased in a direction away from the side edge SS (such as direction X), such that A1 > A2 and A3 > A4, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 3As shown, the substrate SUB includes a side SS. The first overlapping area A1 can be smaller than the second overlapping area A2, and the first overlapping area A1 is closer to the side SS than the second overlapping area A2. The third overlapping area A3 is larger than the fourth overlapping area A4, and the third overlapping area A3 is closer to the side SS than the fourth overlapping area A4. In other words, the light-transmitting opening AP’ corresponding to the first light-emitting unit U1 can be offset in the direction closer to the side SS (such as the direction opposite to the direction X), and the light-transmitting opening AP’ corresponding to the second light-emitting unit U2 can be offset in the direction away from the side SS (such as the direction X), such that A1 < A2 and A3 > A4. For example, in a vehicle display scenario, the side with the larger overlapping area can correspond to the driver's side, thereby controlling the light beam emitted to the driver's side and improving driving safety. The co-driver display (CDD) in a vehicle system can also adopt an asymmetric viewing angle design to provide asymmetric light-emitting brightness. For example, in the case of a left-hand drive, the light-emitting brightness on the right side can be greater than that on the left side to reduce the impact of the light beam emitted by the co-driver display on the driver. The projection display in a vehicle system, such as a head-up display (HUD), can also adopt an asymmetric viewing angle design to provide asymmetric light-emitting brightness. For example, the light-emitting brightness on the upper side can be greater than that on the lower side to concentrate the light beam on the projection screen (such as the windshield) to reduce the impact of the light beam emitted by the projection display on the driver.

[0040] Returning to Figure 1 , in some embodiments, the light-emitting device 1 can include a narrow viewing angle mode and a wide viewing angle mode. When the light-emitting device 1 is in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first light-emitting unit U1 and the second light-emitting unit U2 are turned on, and when the light-emitting device 1 is in the wide viewing angle mode, the first light-emitting unit U1 and the second light-emitting unit U2 are turned off. Specifically, when the light-emitting device 1 is in the narrow viewing angle mode, it can have a narrower viewing angle than when the light-emitting device 1 is in the wide viewing angle mode, that is, the full width at half maximum angle (half decay angle) range of the brightness of the light-emitting device 1 in the narrow viewing angle mode is narrower than the full width at half maximum angle range of the brightness of the light-emitting device 1 in the wide viewing angle mode, such that the display image cannot be observed at some angles. For example, it can be observed at the front viewing angle but cannot be observed at the side viewing angle. The side viewing angle is, for example, more than 15 degrees, more than 30 degrees, the angle corresponding to the driving line of sight, or the angle corresponding to any in-vehicle object that can cause glare. The light-emitting unit being turned on means that the light emitted by the light-emitting unit can be observed by the user, or the brightness greater than 0 can be sensed by the photosensitive element. The light-emitting unit being turned off means that the light emitted by the light-emitting unit cannot be observed by the user, or the brightness sensed by the photosensitive element approaches 0 or the photosensitive element cannot sense it.

[0041] In some embodiments, a part of the plurality of light-emitting units U can be used as narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units, and another part of the plurality of light-emitting units U can be used as wide-viewing-angle light-emitting units. The narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units are turned on when the light-emitting device 1 is in the narrow-viewing-angle mode, and the narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units are turned off or on when the light-emitting device 1 is in the wide-viewing-angle mode. Figure 1 The first light-emitting unit U1, the second light-emitting unit U2, the third light-emitting unit U3, and the fourth light-emitting unit U4 in Figure 1 are used as narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units, for example. On the other hand, the wide-viewing-angle light-emitting units are turned off when the light-emitting device 1 is in the narrow-viewing-angle mode, and the narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units are turned on when the light-emitting device 1 is in the wide-viewing-angle mode. Figure 1 The fifth light-emitting unit U5 and the sixth light-emitting unit U6 in Figure 1 are used as wide-viewing-angle light-emitting units, for example.

[0042] In some embodiments, when the light-emitting device 1 is in the wide-viewing-angle mode, at least part of the plurality of narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units can be turned on. For example, the number and / or brightness (or gray scale) of the turned-on narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units can be controlled, and the brightness (or gray scale) of the turned-on narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units can be different. For example, the brightness of the first light-emitting unit U1 can be greater than the brightness of the second light-emitting unit U2. In some embodiments, when the light-emitting device 1 is in the narrow-viewing-angle mode, at least part of the plurality of narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units can also be turned on, and the brightness (or gray scale) of the turned-on narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units can be different. For example, the brightness of the first light-emitting unit U1 can be less than the brightness of the second light-emitting unit U2. In some embodiments, the switching between the wide-viewing-angle mode and the narrow-viewing-angle mode can include turning on and off the plurality of light-emitting units U, and can also include a gradual change switching of the plurality of light-emitting units U (for example, controlling the number and / or brightness (or gray scale) of the turned-on narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units).

[0043] The narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units are overlapped with the light-transmitting openings AP' of the first light-shielding layer LS1, and through the design of the offset of the light-transmitting openings AP', the effect of viewing-angle asymmetry can be achieved. In some embodiments, the plurality of narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units can be arranged in an array in the direction X and the direction Y. The array can include a plurality of straight rows. The plurality of narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units in each straight row are arranged along the direction Y, and the plurality of straight rows are arranged along the direction X. Among them, the plurality of light-transmitting openings AP' of the plurality of narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units corresponding to the odd-numbered straight rows can be offset to the left, and the plurality of light-transmitting openings AP' of the plurality of narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting units corresponding to the even-numbered straight rows can be offset to the right to provide a dual view effect.

[0044] Since the human eye is more sensitive to red light, when the light-emitting device 1 is applied to a vehicle-mounted device, the red light-emitting units in the light-emitting device 1 can adopt the aforementioned asymmetric viewing-angle design to reduce the interference of red light to the driver.

[0045] In some embodiments, such asFigure 4 As shown in the light-emitting device 1A, the light-emitting device 1A may further include a plurality of lens elements LN, and the plurality of lens elements LN are respectively disposed above the plurality of light-emitting units U to increase the light extraction efficiency. In some embodiments, the width W4 of the lens element LN in the direction X is, for example, greater than the width W1 of the light-transmitting opening AP' in the direction X to enhance the light-concentrating effect of the lens element LN. The materials of the plurality of lens elements LN may include organic insulating materials, inorganic insulating materials, or a combination of the above. The cross-sectional shape of the lens element LN may be semi-circular. Semi-circular means a part of a circle and is not limited to half of a circle. The top view shape of the lens element LN may be circular or strip-shaped. For Figure 4 example, the strip-shaped lens element LN extends, for example, along the direction Y.

[0046] In some embodiments, by making the vertical distance H between the substrate SUB and the first light-shielding layer LS1 greater than the vertical distance H' between the substrate SUB and the plurality of lens elements LN, the light-concentrating effect of the lens element LN and / or the light-shielding effect of the first light-shielding layer LS1 can be enhanced. For example, the plurality of lens elements LN may be disposed on the insulating layer IN2 and overlap with the plurality of light-emitting units U in the direction Z. In addition, the light-emitting device 1A may further include an insulating layer IN3. The insulating layer IN3 is disposed on the insulating layer IN2 and the plurality of lens elements LN, and the first light-shielding layer LS1 may be disposed on the insulating layer IN3. The material of the insulating layer IN3 may refer to the material of the insulating layer IN2, and the material of the plurality of lens elements LN is different from the materials of the insulating layer IN2 and the insulating layer IN3. For example, the plurality of lens elements LN may adopt a material with a refractive index higher than the refractive indices of the insulating layer IN2 and the insulating layer IN3 to provide a light-concentrating effect.

[0047] In some embodiments, the lens element LN and the corresponding light-emitting unit U (or the corresponding opening AP) may adopt a centered alignment design (see Figure 4 the left side). In some embodiments, the lens element LN and the corresponding light-emitting unit U (or the corresponding opening AP) may adopt a centered offset design (see Figure 4 the right side), and the light-transmitting opening AP' of the first light-shielding layer LS1 and the corresponding light-emitting unit U (or the corresponding opening AP) may also adopt a centered offset design, where the offset direction of the lens element LN and the offset direction of the light-transmitting opening AP' may be the same or opposite. For Figure 4 the right side, for example, the center of the light-transmitting opening AP' of the first light-shielding layer LS1 may be offset from the center of the light-emitting unit U below it along the direction X, and the center of the lens element LN may be offset from the center of the light-emitting unit U below it along the opposite direction of the direction X, but not limited thereto.

[0048] In some embodiments, as Figure 5As shown in the light-emitting device 1B, the effect of viewing-angle asymmetry can be achieved by a plurality of light-shielding layers with different heights. For example, the light-emitting device 1B may further include a second light-shielding layer LS2. The second light-shielding layer LS2 is disposed between the insulating layer IN1 and the first light-shielding layer LS1. In a cross-sectional view, the second light-shielding layer LS2 includes a third light-shielding portion LS21 and a fourth light-shielding portion LS22 adjacent to the third light-shielding portion LS21. The third overlapping area A3 of the third light-shielding portion LS21 is defined by the portion of the third light-shielding portion LS21 overlapping the first opening AP1, and the fourth overlapping area A4 of the fourth light-shielding portion LS22 is defined by the portion of the fourth light-shielding portion LS22 overlapping the first opening AP1, and the third overlapping area A3 is different from the fourth overlapping area A4.

[0049] In some embodiments, the second light-shielding layer LS2 is disposed on the insulating layer IN2. The material of the second light-shielding layer LS2 may refer to the material of the first light-shielding layer LS2, which will not be repeated here. The light-emitting device 1B may further include an insulating layer IN3. The insulating layer IN3 is disposed on the insulating layer IN2 and the second light-shielding layer LS2. The material of the insulating layer IN3 may refer to the material of the insulating layer IN2, which will not be repeated here.

[0050] In some embodiments, the light-emitting device 1B may further include a third light-shielding layer LS3. The third light-shielding layer LS3 is disposed on the insulating layer IN3. The material of the third light-shielding layer LS3 may refer to the material of the first light-shielding layer LS2, which will not be repeated here. The light-emitting device 1B may further include an insulating layer IN4. The insulating layer IN4 is disposed on the insulating layer IN3 and the third light-shielding layer LS3, and the first light-shielding layer LS1 is disposed on the insulating layer IN4. The material of the insulating layer IN4 may refer to the material of the insulating layer IN2, which will not be repeated here.

[0051] In Figure 5 this case, the third light-shielding layer LS3 partially overlaps one of the light-emitting units U in the Z direction, and the third light-shielding portion LS21 also partially overlaps the one of the light-emitting units U. By designing the light-shielding layers on the opposite sides (such as the left and right sides) of the light-emitting unit U to be at different horizontal heights, the effect of viewing-angle asymmetry can also be achieved.

[0052] In some embodiments, the light-emitting device 1B may further include a light conversion layer (such as a red color filter layer CFR, a green color filter layer CFG, and a blue color filter layer CFB). The light conversion layer is disposed on the substrate SUB, and at least a part of the light conversion layer is disposed between the first light-shielding portion LS11 and the second light-shielding portion LS12. Figure 5For example, the blue color filter layer CFB can be disposed in one of the light transmissive openings AP’ and extend onto the first light shielding portion LS11. The green color filter layer CFG can be disposed on the blue color filter layer CFB located on the first light shielding portion LS11. The red color filter layer CFR can be disposed on the green color filter layer CFG and extend into the other light transmissive opening AP’.

[0053] Through the design of stacking the red color filter layer CFR, the green color filter layer CFG, and the blue color filter layer CFB on top of each other, stray light can be absorbed, color purity can be enhanced, or an anti-reflection effect can be achieved. In some embodiments, the multiple color filter layers disposed on the first light shielding portion LS11 can adopt different arrangement orders.

[0054] In some embodiments, the light emitting device 1B may further include an insulating layer IN5. The insulating layer IN5 is disposed on the light conversion layer and the first light shielding layer LS1. The material of the insulating layer IN5 can refer to the material of the insulating layer IN2, which will not be repeated here.

[0055] Although Figure 5 it is shown that the second light shielding portion LS12 is flush with the bottom edge of the first opening AP1, that is, the second overlapping area A2 is equal to zero, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, although not shown, the second overlapping area A2 can be greater than zero. In other embodiments, the first overlapping area A1, the third overlapping area A3, and / or the fourth overlapping area A4 can be equal to zero. In other embodiments, the multiple light emitting units U can be other types of light emitting units. In other embodiments, the light conversion layer (such as the red color filter layer CFR, the green color filter layer CFG, and the blue color filter layer CFB) can be disposed on another substrate (not shown), and the light conversion layer can be joined to the substrate SUB through an adhesive layer (not shown). The adhesive layer can include an adhesive layer, such as an Optical Clear Adhesive (OCA) or an Optical Clear Resin (OCR), but is not limited thereto.

[0056] In some embodiments, as Figure 6 shown in the light emitting device 1C, the multiple light emitting units U are, for example, multiple micro light emitting diodes, and the multiple light emitting units U are, for example, disposed on the substrate SUB by means of flip chip or wire bonding. In some embodiments, the height of the light emitting layer (not shown) in the micro light emitting diode can be similar to that of the first light shielding layer LS1. For example, if the distance from the light emitting layer in the micro light emitting diode to the substrate SUB is H1, and the distance from the light emitting layer in the micro light emitting diode to the first light shielding layer LS1 is H2, then the light emitting device 1C can satisfy 0.5 < (H1 / H2) < 5.

[0057] In some embodiments, the insulating layer IN1 may further include a second opening AP2, and the light-emitting device 1C may further include a second light-emitting unit U2. The second light-emitting unit U2 is disposed in the second opening AP2. The light-emitting device 1C includes a narrow viewing angle mode and a wide viewing angle mode. When the light-emitting device 1C is in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first light-emitting unit U1 is turned on and the second light-emitting unit U2 is turned off. When the light-emitting device 1C is in the wide viewing angle mode, the first light-emitting unit U1 is turned off and the second light-emitting unit U2 is turned on. In other words, the first light-emitting unit U1 and the second light-emitting unit U2 are a narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit and a wide viewing angle light-emitting unit, respectively. Figure 6 Four light-emitting units are schematically shown, where the two left light-emitting units are, for example, wide viewing angle light-emitting units, and the two right light-emitting units are, for example, narrow viewing angle light-emitting units. In some embodiments, the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit and the wide viewing angle light-emitting unit may have different / same sizes and / or emission angles. As Figure 6 shown, the size of the wide viewing angle light-emitting unit may be larger than the size of the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit, but not limited thereto. In other embodiments not shown, the size of the wide viewing angle light-emitting unit may be equal to the size of the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit.

[0058] In some embodiments, if the gap between the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit and the side wall surface of the corresponding opening AP of the insulating layer IN1 is G1, the gap between the wide viewing angle light-emitting unit and the side wall surface of the corresponding opening AP of the insulating layer IN1 is G2, and the gap between the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit and the side wall surface of the corresponding light-transmitting opening AP' of the first light-shielding layer LS1 is G3, then the light-emitting device 1C may satisfy G1≠G2 and G1≠G3.

[0059] In some embodiments, when the light-emitting device 1C is in the narrow viewing angle mode, the viewing angle (such as the light-emitting angle θ) of the light-emitting device 1C is determined by the gap d between the center of the light-emitting unit U and the side wall surface of the corresponding light-transmitting opening AP' and the distance h from the light-emitting unit U to the first light-shielding layer LS1. Specifically, tanθ = d / h, where the larger h is, the smaller θ is, and the larger d is, the larger θ is. Taking the current in-vehicle device PPI of about 150 - 300 as an example, with a pixel size of about 13 microns, if h is 10 microns, then G3 needs to be at least greater than 3 microns to make θ 45 degrees; and G3 needs to be at least greater than 7.22 microns to make θ 30 degrees.

[0060] In some embodiments, the insulating layer IN1 may include a plurality of insulating portions, and the insulating portions adjacent to the wide viewing angle light-emitting unit and the insulating portions adjacent to the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit may adopt different designs. For example, the reflectivity of the insulating portion adjacent to the wide viewing angle light-emitting unit may be greater than the reflectivity of the insulating portion adjacent to the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit, and / or the side wall of the insulating portion adjacent to the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit may be steeper than the side wall of the insulating portion adjacent to the wide viewing angle light-emitting unit. As Figure 6 shown, in the cross-sectional view (such asFigure 6 As shown by the right half of the ellipsis in the figure, the insulating layer IN1 may include a first insulating portion IN11 and a second insulating portion IN12 adjacent to the first insulating portion IN11, and the first light-emitting unit U1 is disposed between the first insulating portion IN11 and the second insulating portion IN12; in another cross-sectional view (such as Figure 6 as shown by the left half of the ellipsis in the figure), the insulating layer IN1 may include a third insulating portion IN13 and a fourth insulating portion IN14 adjacent to the third insulating portion IN13, and the second light-emitting unit U2 is disposed between the third insulating portion IN13 and the fourth insulating portion IN14, wherein the reflectivity of at least one of the third insulating portion IN13 and the fourth insulating portion IN14 may be greater than the reflectivity of at least one of the first insulating portion IN11 and the second insulating portion IN12. The above reflectivity design can be achieved by material selection and / or the setting of a reflective layer, and the reflectivity is calculated by dividing the reflected brightness by the incident brightness. For example, in some embodiments, the light-emitting device 1C may further include a reflective layer RL. In the above-mentioned another cross-sectional view (such as Figure 6 as shown by the left half of the ellipsis in the figure), the insulating layer IN2 includes a third insulating portion IN13 and a fourth insulating portion IN14 adjacent to the third insulating portion IN13, the second light-emitting unit U2 is disposed between the third insulating portion IN13 and the fourth insulating portion IN14, and the reflective layer RL is disposed on at least one sidewall of the third insulating portion IN13 and the fourth insulating portion IN14. The material of the reflective layer RL may include a metal or other reflective material. Figure 6 It is schematically shown that the reflective layer RL is disposed on two sidewalls of the third insulating portion IN13, two sidewalls of the fourth insulating portion IN14, and the sidewall of the first insulating portion IN11 away from the first light-emitting unit U1, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, although not shown in Figure 6 , the reflective layer RL may also be disposed at the bottom of the first light-shielding layer. Additionally, the slope of at least one sidewall of the first insulating portion IN11 and the second insulating portion IN12 may be greater than the slope of at least one sidewall of the third insulating portion IN13 and the fourth insulating portion IN14.

[0061] In some embodiments, at the junction of the narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting unit and the wide-viewing-angle light-emitting unit, for example, referring to the location of the first insulating portion IN11, by designing the relative setting relationship between the second light-shielding portion LS12 and the first insulating portion IN11, while maintaining the narrow viewing angle of the narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting unit (such as Figure 6 the first light-emitting unit U1 in the figure), the influence of the second light-shielding portion LS12 on the light-emitting angle of the wide-viewing-angle light-emitting unit can be reduced. Such as Figure 6As shown, the light-emitting device 1C further includes a second light-emitting unit U2', and the second light-emitting unit U2' is disposed in the second opening AP2'. The first light-emitting unit U1 and the second light-emitting unit U2' are a narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting unit and a wide-viewing-angle light-emitting unit respectively. For example, when the light-emitting device 1C is in the narrow-viewing-angle mode, the first light-emitting unit U1 is turned on and the second light-emitting unit U2' is turned off. When the light-emitting device 1C is in the wide-viewing-angle mode, the first light-emitting unit U1 is turned off and the second light-emitting unit U2' is turned on. The first insulating portion IN11 of the insulating layer IN1 is between the first light-emitting unit U1 and the second light-emitting unit U2 and at least partially overlaps the second light-shielding portion LS12. In the cross-sectional view (as shown in the right half of the section where the lines are omitted in Figure 6 ), the third overlapping area of the second light-shielding portion LS12 is defined by the portion of the second light-shielding portion LS12 that overlaps the second opening AP2', and the third overlapping area is different from the second overlapping area A2. For example, the third overlapping area may be smaller than the second overlapping area A2. In Figure 6 , the second light-shielding portion LS12 does not overlap the second opening AP2', so the third overlapping area is zero. By disposing the second light-shielding portion LS12 close to the narrow-viewing-angle light-emitting unit (such as the first light-emitting unit U1 in Figure 6 ) and away from the wide-viewing-angle light-emitting unit (such as the second light-emitting unit U2' in Figure 6 ), the influence of the second light-shielding portion LS12 on the light-emitting angle of the wide-viewing-angle light-emitting unit can be reduced. For example, in Figure 6 , the first distance HD1 between the side wall of the second light-shielding portion LS12 close to the first opening AP1 and the side wall of the first insulating portion IN11 close to the first opening AP1 is different from the second distance HD2 between the side wall of the second light-shielding portion LS12 away from the first opening AP1 and the side wall of the first insulating portion IN11 away from the first opening AP1. In some embodiments, the first distance HD1 is, for example, smaller than the second distance HD2.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 7 , the main differences between the light-emitting device 1D and the Figure 5 light-emitting device 1B are described as follows. In the light-emitting device 1D, a plurality of light-emitting units (including a red light-emitting unit UR and a blue light-emitting unit UB) are, for example, a plurality of micro light-emitting diodes, and the plurality of light-emitting units U are disposed on the substrate SUB by, for example, flip-chip or wire bonding. In addition, the insulating layer IN1 can be made of a light-absorbing organic material. In addition, the second light-shielding layer LS2 is embedded in the insulating layer IN4, and neither the third light-shielding portion LS21 nor the fourth light-shielding portion LS22 of the second light-shielding layer LS2 overlaps the first opening AP1, so that the third overlapping area A3 (refer to Figure 5) and the fourth overlapping area A4 are both zero. Furthermore, the light-emitting device 1D further includes an insulating layer IN5. The insulating layer IN5 is disposed between the light conversion layer (such as the red color filter layer CFR, the green color filter layer CFG, and the blue color filter layer CFB) and the first light-shielding layer LS1, and the first light-shielding layer LS1 is embedded in the insulating layer IN5. The material of the insulating layer IN5 may refer to the material of the insulating layer IN2, which will not be repeated here.

[0063] By digging holes in the insulating layer IN4 to fill the light-absorbing material of the second light-shielding layer LS2, it helps to absorb the side leakage light. In some embodiments, although not shown, the plurality of light-shielding portions (including the third light-shielding portion LS21 and the fourth light-shielding portion LS22) of the second light-shielding layer LS2 may penetrate the insulating layer IN4, the insulating layer IN3, and the insulating layer IN2 and be connected to the insulating layer IN1 to enhance the effect of absorbing the side leakage light.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 8 , the light-emitting device 1E and Figure 7The main differences of the light-emitting device 1D are described as follows. In the light-emitting device 1E, multiple light-emitting units U are all, for example, blue light-emitting units UB. The material of the insulating layer IN2 may include an organic insulating material, an inorganic insulating material, a combination of the above, an optical adhesive, or an optical transparent resin. The second light-shielding layer LS2 is embedded in the insulating layer IN5, and the light-emitting device 1E further includes a light conversion layer CVR. The light conversion layer CVR is disposed in the light-transmitting opening AP” of the second light-shielding layer LS2, and the material of the light conversion layer CVR may include fluorescence, phosphorescence, quantum dots, or other suitable light wavelength conversion materials. In this embodiment, the light conversion layer CVR is disposed overlapping with the red color filter layer CFR. Therefore, the light conversion layer CVR is, for example, a light wavelength conversion material that converts blue light into red light, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The light-emitting device 1E further includes an insulating layer IN6 and a third light-shielding layer LS3. The insulating layer IN6 is disposed on the insulating layer IN5 and the second light-shielding layer LS2, and the third light-shielding layer LS3 is embedded in the insulating layer IN6, wherein the light-transmitting opening AP”’ of the third light-shielding layer LS3 overlaps with the light-transmitting opening AP” in the Z direction. The light-emitting device 1E further includes an insulating layer IN7 and a fourth light-shielding layer LS4. The insulating layer IN7 is disposed on the insulating layer IN6 and the third light-shielding layer LS3, and the red color filter layer CFR, the blue color filter layer CFB, and the fourth light-shielding layer LS4 are embedded in the insulating layer IN7, wherein the light-transmitting opening AP”” of the fourth light-shielding layer LS4 overlaps with the light-transmitting opening AP” in the Z direction, and the red color filter layer CFR and the blue color filter layer CFB are respectively disposed in the light-transmitting opening AP””. The light-emitting device 1E further includes an insulating layer IN8. The insulating layer IN8 is disposed on the insulating layer IN7, the red color filter layer CFR, the blue color filter layer CFB, and the fourth light-shielding layer LS4, and the first light-shielding layer LS1 is embedded in the insulating layer IN8. The materials of the insulating layer IN6, the insulating layer IN7, and the insulating layer IN8 may include an organic insulating material, an inorganic insulating material, or a combination of the above. The materials of the third light-shielding layer LS3 and the fourth light-shielding layer LS4 may refer to the material of the first light-shielding layer LS1, which will not be repeated herein.

[0065] By providing multiple light-shielding layers, it is beneficial to absorb stray light (such as stray light from the light conversion layer CVR) or side leakage light, thereby improving color purity or display quality.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 , the light-emitting device 1F and Figure 1 and Figure 2The main differences of the light-emitting device 1 are described as follows. In the light-emitting device 1F, a plurality of light-emitting units U are, for example, a plurality of micro light-emitting diodes, and the plurality of light-emitting units U are disposed on the substrate SUB by, for example, flip chip or wire bonding. In addition, the light-emitting device 1F further includes a second light-emitting unit U2, and the second light-emitting unit U2 is disposed in the first opening AP1. Specifically, in the light-emitting device 1F, each opening AP in the insulating layer IN1 is provided with two light-emitting units U of the same color. One of the two light-emitting units U of the same color serves as a wide viewing angle light-emitting unit, and the other of the two light-emitting units U of the same color serves as a narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit. The light-transmitting opening AP' overlapped by each opening AP overlaps, for example, with the wide viewing angle light-emitting unit and does not overlap with the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit, which means that the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit is shielded by the first light-shielding layer LS1. Taking Figure 10 as an example, the light-transmitting opening AP' between the first light-shielding portion LS11 and the second light-shielding portion LS12 overlaps with the first light-emitting unit U1 and does not overlap with the second light-emitting unit U2. In this structure, the first light-emitting unit U1 and the second light-emitting unit U2 serve as a wide viewing angle light-emitting unit and a narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit, respectively.

[0067] In some embodiments, the light-emitting device 1F may further include a reflective layer RL. The reflective layer RL is disposed between the insulating layer IN2 and the first light-shielding layer LS1, and the reflective layer RL may have a plurality of light-transmitting openings ARL. The plurality of light-transmitting openings ARL overlap with the plurality of light-transmitting openings AP' in the direction Z to reduce the shielding of the light emitted by the light-emitting unit.

[0068] In Figure 10 , the second light-shielding portion LS12 and the first opening AP1 do not overlap in the direction Z, which means that the second overlapping area A2 (refer to Figure 2 ) is zero, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, although not shown, the second overlapping area A2 may not be zero.

[0069] In Figure 10 , the two light-emitting units disposed in the same opening AP are electrically insulated from each other and separated from each other without being connected to each other, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, although not shown, the two light-emitting units disposed in the same opening AP may be electrically insulated from each other and connected to each other, for example, connected to each other via a growth substrate to save the transfer times.

[0070] In other embodiments, although not shown, the two micro light-emitting diodes disposed in the same opening AP may be replaced with two organic light-emitting diodes, and the two organic light-emitting diodes are respectively located in two openings AP.

[0071] In this embodiment, a wide viewing angle light emitting unit and a narrow viewing angle light emitting unit are disposed in each opening AP, and the narrow viewing angle light emitting unit is disposed on the left side of the wide viewing angle light emitting unit, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, although not shown, the narrow viewing angle light emitting unit may be disposed on the right side, upper side or lower side of the wide viewing angle light emitting unit. In other embodiments, although not shown, each opening AP may be provided with a wide viewing angle light emitting unit and two narrow viewing angle light emitting units, and the two narrow viewing angle light emitting units may be disposed on opposite sides of the wide viewing angle light emitting unit, such as the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides. In other embodiments, although not shown, each opening AP may be provided with a wide viewing angle light emitting unit and a plurality of (such as more than two) narrow viewing angle light emitting units, and the plurality of narrow viewing angle light emitting units may be disposed around the wide viewing angle light emitting unit. In other embodiments, although not shown, each opening AP may be provided with a plurality of (such as more than two) narrow viewing angle light emitting units and no wide viewing angle light emitting unit, and the plurality of narrow viewing angle light emitting units may be arranged along the direction X or direction Y or arranged arbitrarily in the opening AP, and the plurality of narrow viewing angle light emitting units are covered by the first light shielding layer LS1.

[0072] Please refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12 , the main differences between the light emitting device 1G and Figure 9 and Figure 10 the light emitting device 1F of are described as follows. In the light emitting device 1G, a plurality of light emitting units U are all, for example, blue light emitting units UB. Among them, the plurality of light emitting units U (i.e., the plurality of light emitting units U overlapping with the plurality of light transmissive openings AP') exposed by the plurality of light transmissive openings AP' of the first light shielding layer LS1 serve as wide viewing angle light emitting units, and the plurality of light emitting units U shielded by the first light shielding layer LS1 serve as narrow viewing angle light emitting units. A plurality of wide viewing angle light emitting units or a plurality of narrow viewing angle light emitting units are disposed in the same opening AP, and the plurality of light emitting units U disposed in the same opening AP are electrically connected in parallel to each other through the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2 on the substrate SUB.

[0073] The insulating layer IN1 is embedded in the insulating layer IN2, and the material of the insulating layer IN1 may include, for example, an opaque material. The light-emitting device 1G further includes a second light-shielding layer LS2, a plurality of light conversion layers CVR, a plurality of light conversion layers CVG, a plurality of light-transmitting layers TP, and an insulating layer IN3. The second light-shielding layer LS2 is disposed on the insulating layer IN2 and includes a plurality of light-transmitting openings AP". The plurality of light-transmitting openings AP" respectively correspond to the plurality of openings AP, and the plurality of light conversion layers CVR, the plurality of light conversion layers CVG, and the plurality of light-transmitting layers TP are respectively filled into the plurality of light-transmitting openings AP". The light conversion layer CVR is, for example, a red light conversion layer, and the light conversion layer CVG is, for example, a green light conversion layer. The materials of the red light conversion layer and the green light conversion layer may include fluorescence, phosphorescence, quantum dots, light filtering materials, other suitable light wavelength conversion materials, or a combination of the above. The light-transmitting layer TP is, for example, a transparent insulating layer doped with light-diffusing particles or a blue light filtering layer. The insulating layer IN3 is disposed on the insulating layer IN2, the second light-shielding layer LS2, the plurality of light conversion layers CVR, the plurality of light conversion layers CVG, and the plurality of light-transmitting layers TP, and the first light-shielding layer LS1 is disposed on the insulating layer IN3.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 13 , in the light-emitting device 1H, the plurality of light-emitting units U can be divided into an upper light-emitting unit (including a red light-emitting unit UR and a blue light-emitting unit UB) and a lower light-emitting unit (including a green light-emitting unit UG), and the first light-shielding layer LS1 can be fabricated together with the pads of the upper light-emitting unit (such as pads P3 and P4).

[0075] Specifically, the light-emitting device 1H may further include a first conductive layer C1. The first conductive layer C1 is disposed on the substrate SUB and may include a plurality of gates GE and a plurality of pads P1. The material of the first conductive layer C1 may include a transparent conductive material or an opaque conductive material. The transparent conductive material may include metal oxides, graphene, other suitable transparent conductive materials, or a combination of the above. The metal oxides may include indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, indium germanium zinc oxide, or other metal oxides. The opaque conductive material may include metals, alloys, or a combination of the above.

[0076] The light-emitting device 1H may further include an insulating layer IN2. The insulating layer IN2 is disposed on the first conductive layer C1 and the substrate SUB. The material of the insulating layer IN2 includes, for example, an organic insulating material, an inorganic insulating material, or a combination of the above. The organic insulating material includes, for example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), epoxy resin (epoxy), acrylic-based resin, silicone, polyimide polymer, or a combination of the above, but is not limited thereto. The inorganic insulating material includes, for example, silicon oxide or silicon nitride, but is not limited thereto.

[0077] The light-emitting device 1H may further include a semiconductor layer SCL. The material of the semiconductor layer SCL may include an oxide semiconductor material, such as Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO), but is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the material of the semiconductor layer SCL may include amorphous silicon, polysilicon, or a metal oxide. The semiconductor layer SCL is, for example, a patterned semiconductor layer and may include a plurality of semiconductor patterns CHP. The semiconductor pattern CHP may include a channel region R1, a drain region R2, and a source region R3, wherein the channel region R1 is located between the drain region R2 and the source region R3 and overlaps the gate GE in the Z direction.

[0078] The light-emitting device 1H may further include an insulating layer IN3. The insulating layer IN3 is disposed on the semiconductor layer SCL and the insulating layer IN2. The material of the insulating layer IN3 may refer to the material of the insulating layer IN2, which will not be repeated herein.

[0079] The light-emitting device 1H may further include a second conductive layer C2. The second conductive layer C2 is disposed on the insulating layer IN3 and may include a plurality of source electrodes SE. The material of the second conductive layer C2 may refer to the material of the first conductive layer C1, which will not be repeated herein. The source electrode SE may penetrate the insulating layer IN3 and be electrically connected to a corresponding source region R3.

[0080] The light-emitting device 1H may further include an insulating layer IN4. The insulating layer IN4 is disposed on the second conductive layer C2 and the insulating layer IN3. The material of the insulating layer IN4 may refer to the material of the insulating layer IN2, which will not be repeated herein.

[0081] The light-emitting device 1H may further include a third conductive layer C3. The third conductive layer C3 is disposed on the insulating layer IN4 and may include a plurality of drain electrodes DE and a plurality of pads P2. The material of the third conductive layer C3 may refer to the material of the first conductive layer C1, which will not be repeated herein. The drain electrode DE may penetrate the insulating layer IN4 and the insulating layer IN3 and be electrically connected to a corresponding drain region R2. The pad P2 may penetrate the insulating layer IN4, the insulating layer IN3, and the insulating layer IN2 and be electrically connected to a corresponding pad P1.

[0082] The insulating layer IN1 is disposed on the insulating layer IN4, and the lower light-emitting unit (including the green light-emitting unit UG) is disposed in the opening AP of the insulating layer IN1 and is electrically connected to a corresponding drain electrode DE and a corresponding pad P2. The material of the insulating layer IN1 may, for example, include an opaque material to reduce problems such as light interference and / or light mixing.

[0083] The light-emitting device 1H may further include an insulating layer IN5. The insulating layer IN5 fills into a plurality of openings AP of the insulating layer IN1. In some embodiments, the upper surface of the insulating layer IN5 may be flush with the upper surface of the insulating layer IN1. The material of the insulating layer IN5 may include an optically clear adhesive or an optically clear resin, but is not limited thereto.

[0084] The light-emitting device 1H may further include a fourth conductive layer C4. The fourth conductive layer C4 is disposed on the insulating layer IN5 and the insulating layer IN1 and may include a plurality of pads P3 and a plurality of pads P4. In some embodiments, the first light-shielding layer LS1 may be fabricated together with the plurality of pads P3 and the plurality of pads P4, that is, the first light-shielding layer LS1 may belong to the fourth conductive layer C4 to save process steps, but is not limited thereto. The material of the fourth conductive layer C4 may refer to the material of the first conductive layer C1, which will not be repeated herein. The pad P3 may penetrate through the insulating layer IN5 and be electrically connected to a corresponding drain DE. The pad P4 may penetrate through the insulating layer IN5 and be electrically connected to a corresponding pad P2. The upper light-emitting units (including the red light-emitting unit UR and the blue light-emitting unit UB) may be electrically connected to the plurality of active elements AD through the plurality of pads P3, and the upper light-emitting units (including the red light-emitting unit UR and the blue light-emitting unit UB) may be electrically connected to an external circuit (such as a common power supply) through the plurality of pads P4, the plurality of pads P2, and the plurality of pads P1.

[0085] The light-emitting device 1H may further include an insulating layer IN6. The insulating layer IN6 is disposed on the upper light-emitting units (including the red light-emitting unit UR and the blue light-emitting unit UB), the fourth conductive layer C4, and the insulating layer IN5. The material of the insulating layer IN6 may refer to the material of the insulating layer IN2, which will not be repeated herein.

[0086] Please refer to Figure 14 , in the light-emitting device 1I, the plurality of light-emitting units U are, for example, light-emitting units of the same color, such as the blue light-emitting unit UB, but are not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the plurality of light-emitting units U may include light-emitting units of multiple colors.

[0087] The plurality of light-emitting units U include a plurality of upper light-emitting units and a plurality of lower light-emitting units, wherein the vertical distance between the upper light-emitting units and the substrate SUB is greater than the vertical distance between the lower light-emitting units and the substrate SUB. The plurality of lower light-emitting units are respectively located in the plurality of openings AP of the insulating layer IN1. The light-emitting device 1I may further include a reflective layer RL, and the reflective layer RL may be disposed on the sidewalls of the plurality of openings AP. The first light-shielding layer LS1 is disposed on the insulating layer IN1, and the plurality of light-transmitting openings AP' of the first light-shielding layer LS1 respectively overlap the plurality of upper light-emitting units and the plurality of lower light-emitting units in the direction Z.

[0088] In other embodiments, although not shown, the first light-shielding layer LS1 may be omitted. In other embodiments, although not shown, the plurality of light-emitting units U may be changed from a plurality of light-emitting diodes to a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes.

[0089] In other embodiments, although not shown, the light-emitting device may include two organic light-emitting display panels stacked, wherein the upper organic light-emitting display panel may include an insulating layer / pixel defining layer. A plurality of openings in the insulating layer define a plurality of regions (such as a plurality of display regions and a plurality of light-transmitting regions), and organic light-emitting diodes are provided in the display regions. The organic light-emitting diode includes a lower electrode, a light-emitting layer, and an upper electrode. The lower electrode may be an opaque electrode such that light from the lower organic light-emitting display panel cannot pass through the display region. The light-transmitting region is provided between two adjacent display regions, and the light-transmitting region allows light from the lower organic light-emitting display panel to pass through. The lower organic light-emitting display panel may include another insulating layer / pixel defining layer. A plurality of openings in the other insulating layer define a plurality of regions (such as a plurality of display regions). The plurality of display regions of the lower organic light-emitting display panel may respectively overlap the plurality of display regions and the plurality of light-transmitting regions of the upper organic light-emitting display panel. In this setting, the plurality of organic light-emitting diodes in the plurality of display regions of the lower organic light-emitting display panel may be turned on when the light-emitting device is in a narrow viewing angle mode and turned off when the light-emitting device is in a wide viewing angle mode. On the other hand, the plurality of organic light-emitting diodes in the plurality of display regions of the upper organic light-emitting display panel may be turned off when the light-emitting device is in a narrow viewing angle mode and turned on when the light-emitting device is in a wide viewing angle mode.

[0090] Please refer to Figure 15 , in the light-emitting device 1J, the material of the insulating layer IN1 may include, for example, an opaque material. The plurality of light-emitting units U are respectively provided in the plurality of openings AP of the insulating layer IN1. The plurality of light-emitting units U may be monochromatic light-emitting units or include light-emitting units of multiple colors. In addition, the plurality of light-emitting units U may include a plurality of narrow viewing angle light-emitting units UP (only one is schematically shown) and a plurality of wide viewing angle light-emitting units US, wherein the light-emitting surface (or top surface) of the wide viewing angle light-emitting unit US may be higher than the top surface of the insulating layer IN1, and the light-emitting surface (or top surface) of the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit UP may be lower than the top surface of the insulating layer IN1. The light-emitting device 1J may further include a functional layer FL. The functional layer FL may be a light-absorbing layer or a reflective layer. The functional layer FL is provided, for example, on the side wall surface of the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit UP and a part of the top surface of the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit UP. The first light-shielding layer LS1 is provided on the functional layer FL, and the light-transmitting opening AP' of the first light-shielding layer LS1 exposes the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit UP exposed by the functional layer FL.

[0091] In some other embodiments, the opaque insulating layer IN1 may also be provided only corresponding to the plurality of narrow viewing angle light-emitting units UP, and the anti-peeping effect can be enhanced by increasing the thickness of the insulating layer IN1.

[0092] Please refer to Figure 16 , in the light-emitting device 1K, the plurality of light-emitting units U may include a plurality of narrow viewing angle light-emitting units UP and a plurality of wide viewing angle light-emitting units US, wherein the narrow viewing angle light-emitting units UP and the wide viewing angle light-emitting units US each include light-emitting units of multiple colors, such as a red light-emitting unit UR, a green light-emitting unit UG, and a blue light-emitting unit UB. Viewed from a top view, the red light-emitting unit UR, the green light-emitting unit UG, and the blue light-emitting unit UB of the narrow viewing angle light-emitting unit UP may be commonly located in a light-transmitting opening AP' of the first light-shielding layer LS1. In addition, the red light-emitting unit UR, the green light-emitting unit UG, and the blue light-emitting unit UB of the wide viewing angle light-emitting unit US may be respectively located in the plurality of openings AP of the insulating layer IN1. Additionally, one or more sensors SOR may be provided in areas where the narrow viewing angle light-emitting units UP and the wide viewing angle light-emitting units US are not provided in the light-emitting device 1K.

[0093] It should be understood that the respective numbers and / or relative arrangement relationships of the narrow viewing angle light-emitting units UP, the wide viewing angle light-emitting units US, the first light-shielding layer LS1, and the sensors SOR may be changed according to actual requirements, and are not limited to Figure 16 what is shown. In other embodiments, although not shown, the sensors SOR may be omitted. In other embodiments, although not shown, the red light-emitting unit UR, the green light-emitting unit UG, and the blue light-emitting unit UB of the narrow viewing angle light-emitting units UP may be respectively located in the plurality of light-transmitting openings AP' of the first light-shielding layer LS1. In other embodiments, although not shown, the red light-emitting unit UR, the green light-emitting unit UG, and the blue light-emitting unit UB of the wide viewing angle light-emitting units US may be commonly located in an opening AP of the insulating layer IN1. In other embodiments, although not shown, the red light-emitting unit UR, the green light-emitting unit UG, and the blue light-emitting unit UB of the narrow viewing angle light-emitting units UP may be respectively located in the plurality of light-transmitting openings AP' of the first light-shielding layer LS1, and the red light-emitting unit UR, the green light-emitting unit UG, and the blue light-emitting unit UB of the wide viewing angle light-emitting units US may be respectively located in the plurality of openings AP of the insulating layer IN1.

[0094] In summary, in the embodiments disclosed herein, through the design where the first overlapping area is different from the second overlapping area, an effect of viewing angle asymmetry can be achieved.

[0095] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, rather than to limit them; although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0096] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure and their advantages have been disclosed as above, it should be understood that any person skilled in the art can make changes, substitutions and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and the features between the embodiments can be arbitrarily mixed and replaced with each other to form other new embodiments. In addition, the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of matter, devices, methods and steps in the specific embodiments described in the specification. Any person skilled in the art can understand the processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of matter, devices, methods and steps developed currently or in the future from the disclosure content of the present disclosure. As long as they can perform substantially the same functions or obtain substantially the same results in the embodiments described herein, they can be used according to the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure includes the above processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of matter, devices, methods and steps. In addition, each claim constitutes an individual embodiment, and the protection scope of the present disclosure also includes the combination of each claim and embodiment. The protection scope of the present disclosure shall be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device, characterized in that, Comprising: A substrate; An insulating layer disposed on the substrate and including a first opening; A first light-emitting unit disposed in the first opening; And A first light-shielding layer disposed on the insulating layer, wherein in a cross-sectional view, the first light-shielding layer includes a first light-shielding portion and a second light-shielding portion adjacent to the first light-shielding portion. A first overlapping area of the first light-shielding portion is defined by a portion of the first light-shielding portion overlapping the first opening, a second overlapping area of the second light-shielding portion is defined by a portion of the second light-shielding portion overlapping the first opening, and the first overlapping area is different from the second overlapping area.

2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein The insulating layer further includes a second opening, and the light-emitting device further includes: A second light-emitting unit disposed in the second opening, wherein in another cross-sectional view, the first light-shielding layer further includes a third light-shielding portion and a fourth light-shielding portion adjacent to the third light-shielding portion. A third overlapping area of the third light-shielding portion is defined by a portion of the third light-shielding portion overlapping the second opening, a fourth overlapping area of the fourth light-shielding portion is defined by a portion of the fourth light-shielding portion overlapping the second opening, and the third overlapping area is different from the fourth overlapping area.

3. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, wherein A difference between the first overlapping area and the second overlapping area is different from a difference between the third overlapping area and the fourth overlapping area.

4. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The light-emitting device includes a narrow viewing angle mode and a wide viewing angle mode. When the light-emitting device is in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first light-emitting unit and the second light-emitting unit are turned on, and when the light-emitting device is in the wide viewing angle mode, the first light-emitting unit and the second light-emitting unit are turned off.

5. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, wherein, The substrate includes a side edge. The first overlapping area is greater than the second overlapping area, and the first overlapping area is closer to the side edge than the second overlapping area. The third overlapping area is greater than the fourth overlapping area, and the third overlapping area is closer to the side edge than the fourth overlapping area.

6. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The substrate includes a side edge. The first overlapping area is less than the second overlapping area, and the first overlapping area is closer to the side edge than the second overlapping area. The third overlapping area is greater than the fourth overlapping area, and the third overlapping area is closer to the side edge than the fourth overlapping area.

7. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, wherein The first light-emitting unit and the second light-emitting unit emit different colored lights.

8. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating layer further includes a second opening, and the light-emitting device further includes: A second light-emitting unit disposed in the second opening, wherein the light-emitting device includes a narrow viewing angle mode and a wide viewing angle mode. When the light-emitting device is in the narrow viewing angle mode, the first light-emitting unit is turned on and the second light-emitting unit is turned off, and when the light-emitting device is in the wide viewing angle mode, the first light-emitting unit is turned off and the second light-emitting unit is turned on.

9. The light-emitting device according to claim 8, wherein in the cross-sectional view, the insulating layer includes a first insulating portion and a second insulating portion adjacent to the first insulating portion, and the first light-emitting unit is disposed between the first insulating portion and the second insulating portion. In another cross-sectional view, the insulating layer includes a third insulating portion and a fourth insulating portion adjacent to the third insulating portion, and the second light-emitting unit is disposed between the third insulating portion and the fourth insulating portion. Wherein the reflectivity of at least one of the third insulating portion and the fourth insulating portion is greater than the reflectivity of at least one of the first insulating portion and the second insulating portion.

10. The light-emitting device according to claim 8, wherein In the cross-sectional view, the insulating layer includes a first insulating portion and a second insulating portion adjacent to the first insulating portion, and the first light-emitting unit is disposed between the first insulating portion and the second insulating portion. In another cross-sectional view, the insulating layer includes a third insulating portion and a fourth insulating portion adjacent to the third insulating portion, and the second light-emitting unit is disposed between the third insulating portion and the fourth insulating portion. Wherein the slope of at least one sidewall of at least one of the first insulating portion and the second insulating portion is greater than the slope of at least one sidewall of at least one of the third insulating portion and the fourth insulating portion.

11. The light-emitting device according to claim 8, wherein Further comprising: A reflective layer. In another cross-sectional view, the insulating layer includes a third insulating portion and a fourth insulating portion adjacent to the third insulating portion, the second light-emitting unit is disposed between the third insulating portion and the fourth insulating portion, and the reflective layer is disposed on at least one sidewall of at least one of the third insulating portion and the fourth insulating portion.

12. The light-emitting device according to claim 8, wherein In the cross-sectional view, the insulating layer includes a first insulating portion between the first light-emitting unit and the second light-emitting unit and at least partially overlapping the second light-shielding portion. In the cross-sectional view, the third overlapping area of the second light-shielding portion is defined by the portion of the second light-shielding portion overlapping the second opening, and the third overlapping area is different from the second overlapping area.

13. The light-emitting device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The third overlapping area is smaller than the second overlapping area.

14. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the cross-sectional view, the maximum width of the first opening is measured at a position higher than the first light-emitting unit.

15. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein Further comprising: A second light-shielding layer disposed between the insulating layer and the first light-shielding layer. Wherein in the cross-sectional view, the second light-shielding layer includes a third light-shielding portion and a fourth light-shielding portion adjacent to the third light-shielding portion, the third overlapping area of the third light-shielding portion is defined by the portion of the third light-shielding portion overlapping the first opening, the fourth overlapping area of the fourth light-shielding portion is defined by the portion of the fourth light-shielding portion overlapping the first opening, and the third overlapping area is different from the fourth overlapping area.

16. The light-emitting device according to claim 15, characterized in that, Further comprising: A light conversion layer disposed on the substrate, wherein at least a portion of the light conversion layer is disposed between the first light-shielding portion and the second light-shielding portion.

17. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising: A second light-emitting unit disposed in the first opening.

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