Battery management device and method

Abstract

A battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a section line acquisition unit configured to acquire a differential section line and a battery section line based on a voltage and a capacity of a battery; and a control unit configured to generate a comparison full cell section line and a comparison differential section line based on a pre-configured reference positive electrode section line and a pre-configured reference negative electrode section line, adjust the reference positive electrode section line and the reference negative electrode section line such that the comparison full cell section line and the comparison differential section line respectively correspond to the battery section line and the differential section line, and respectively determining the adjusted positive section line and the adjusted negative section line according to the adjustment result so as to form the positive section line and the negative section line of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0185082, filed in Korea on December 26, 2022, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0191447, filed in Korea on December 26, 2023, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to a battery management device and method, and more particularly, to a battery management device and method for estimating a positive profile and a negative profile representing the current state of a battery. Background Art

[0003] Recently, the demand for portable electronic products such as laptop computers, cameras, and mobile phones has increased rapidly, and electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, artificial satellites, etc. have been seriously developed. Therefore, high-performance batteries that allow repeated charging and discharging are being actively studied.

[0004] Batteries currently available on the market include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, lithium batteries, etc. Among them, lithium batteries have attracted much attention because they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, and also have a very low self-discharge rate and high energy density.

[0005] A great deal of research is being conducted on these batteries to increase capacity and density, but improving lifespan and safety is also important. To improve battery safety, a technology for accurately diagnosing the current state of a battery is required.

[0006] Generally, manufactured batteries are not easily disassembled and assembled, so it is difficult to accurately measure the positive state and negative state of a battery. Therefore, a technology for estimating the current state of a battery by estimating a positive profile representing the positive state of the battery and a negative profile representing the negative state of the battery is required. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Technical Problem

[0008] The present disclosure is designed to solve the problems of the related art, and thus the present disclosure aims to provide a battery management device and method for more accurately estimating a positive profile and a negative profile of a battery.

[0009] These and other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be understood from the following detailed description and will become more fully apparent from the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, it will be readily understood that the objects and advantages of the present disclosure can be achieved by the means shown in the appended claims and their combinations.

[0010] Technical Solution

[0011] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a battery management device is provided, including: a wire profile obtaining unit configured to obtain a battery wire profile and a differential wire profile based on the voltage and capacity of a battery; and a control unit configured to generate a comparison full-cell wire profile and a comparison differential wire profile based on a preset reference positive wire profile and a preset reference negative wire profile, adjust the reference positive wire profile and the reference negative wire profile such that the comparison full-cell wire profile and the comparison differential wire profile respectively correspond to the battery wire profile and the differential wire profile, and determine an adjusted positive wire profile and an adjusted negative wire profile as the positive wire profile and the negative wire profile of the battery according to the adjustment result.

[0012] The control unit may be configured to generate a comparison differential wire profile based on the comparison full-cell wire profile.

[0013] The control unit may be configured to adjust the reference positive wire profile and the reference negative wire profile based on a first error between the battery wire profile and the comparison full-cell wire profile and a second error between the differential wire profile and the comparison differential wire profile.

[0014] The wire profile obtaining unit may be configured to obtain at least one of a first differential wire profile representing the correspondence between the capacity and the differential voltage of the battery and a second differential wire profile representing the correspondence between the voltage and the differential capacity of the battery.

[0015] The wire profile obtaining unit may be configured to obtain the first differential wire profile and the second differential wire profile.

[0016] The control unit may be configured to generate a first comparison differential wire profile corresponding to the first differential wire profile and a second comparison differential wire profile corresponding to the second differential wire profile based on the comparison full-cell wire profile.

[0017] The control unit may be configured to differentiate the comparison full-cell wire profile with respect to the capacity to generate the first comparison differential wire profile and differentiate the comparison full-cell wire profile with respect to the voltage to generate the second comparison differential wire profile.

[0018] The control unit may be configured to adjust the reference positive wire profile and the reference negative wire profile based on a first error between the battery wire profile and the comparison full-cell wire profile, a second error between the first differential wire profile and the first comparison differential wire profile, and a third error between the second differential wire profile and the second comparison differential wire profile.

[0019] The control unit may be configured to adjust the reference positive wire profile and the reference negative wire profile until the total error of the first error, the second error, and the third error is minimized.

[0020] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present disclosure may include the battery management device according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0021] A vehicle according to another aspect of the present disclosure may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0022] A battery management method according to another aspect of the present disclosure may include: a section line obtaining step of obtaining a battery section line and a differential section line based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; a section line generating step of generating a comparison full cell section line and a comparison differential section line based on a preset reference positive section line and a preset reference negative section line; a section line adjusting step of adjusting the reference positive section line and the reference negative section line so that the comparison full cell section line and the comparison differential section line respectively correspond to the battery section line and the differential section line; and a section line determining step of respectively determining an adjusted positive section line and an adjusted negative section line as the positive section line and the negative section line of the battery according to the adjustment result of the section line adjusting step.

[0023] Advantageous Effects

[0024] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is an advantage that the positive section line and the negative section line reflecting the current state of the battery can be estimated in a non-destructive manner.

[0025] The effects of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and those skilled in the art will clearly understand other effects not mentioned from the description of the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the foregoing disclosure, are used to provide a further understanding of the technical features of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 is a diagram schematically showing a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 2 is a diagram schematically showing a battery section line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 3 is a diagram schematically showing a first differential section line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 4 is a diagram schematically showing a second differential section line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 5 is a diagram schematically showing a reference positive section line and a reference negative section line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 6 is a diagram schematically showing a battery section line and a comparison full cell section line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 7FIG. 0 is a diagram schematically showing a first differential profile line and a first comparative differential profile line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figures 8 to 10 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a process of adjusting a reference positive electrode profile line and a reference negative electrode profile line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figures 11 to 13 FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of a process of adjusting a reference positive electrode profile line and a reference negative electrode profile line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 14 FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing a second differential profile line and a second comparative differential profile line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 15 FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically showing a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 16 FIG. 20 is a diagram schematically showing a vehicle according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 17 FIG. 24 is a diagram schematically showing a battery management method according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] It should be understood that the terms used in the specification and the appended claims should not be construed as limited to general and dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted based on the meanings and concepts corresponding to the technical aspects of the present disclosure in accordance with the principle that allows the inventor to appropriately define the terms for the best interpretation.

[0041] Therefore, the descriptions presented herein are only preferred examples for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, it should be understood that other equivalent and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0042] In addition, when a detailed description of a relevant known element or function is considered to make the key subject matter of the present disclosure unclear during the description of the present disclosure, the detailed description is omitted herein.

[0043] Terms including ordinal numbers such as "first", "second", etc. may be used to distinguish one element from another among various elements, but are not intended to limit the elements by these terms.

[0044] Throughout the specification, when a part is referred to as "comprising" or "including" any element, unless otherwise clearly stated, it means that the part may further include other elements while not excluding other elements.

[0045] In addition, throughout the specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected" to another part, it is not limited to the case where they are "directly connected", but also includes the case where they are "indirectly connected" by using another element inserted therebetween.

[0046] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Figure 1 is a diagram schematically showing a battery management device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] Referring to Figure 1 , the battery management device 100 may include a profile acquisition unit 110 and a control unit 120.

[0049] Here, a battery means a physically separable independent cell including a negative terminal and a positive terminal. For example, a single lithium-ion battery or a lithium polymer battery can be regarded as a battery. In addition, the type of the battery may be cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch type. In addition, a battery may mean a battery bank, a battery module, or a battery pack in which a plurality of cells are connected in series and / or in parallel. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, a battery is interpreted to mean the meaning of an independent cell.

[0050] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire a battery profile and a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery.

[0051] For example, a battery profile is a profile representing the correspondence between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the SOC of the battery is charged from a preset charging start SOC or 0% to a preset charging end SOC or 100%. As another example, a battery profile may represent the correspondence between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the SOC of the battery is discharged from a preset charging start SOC or 100% to a preset charging end SOC or 0%.

[0052] In addition, by differentiating the battery profile with respect to the capacity, a capacity-differential voltage profile (hereinafter referred to as a first differential profile D1) representing the correspondence between differential voltage (dV / dQ) and capacity (Q) can be generated. Conversely, when differentiating the battery profile with respect to the voltage, a voltage-differential capacity profile (hereinafter referred to as a second differential profile D2) representing the correspondence between differential capacity (dQ / dV) and voltage (V) can be generated.

[0053] For example, in charging or discharging to generate a battery profile, there is no special limitation on the C rate. However, preferably, in order to more accurately acquire the battery profile and the differential profile, the battery should be charged or discharged at a low rate. For example, a battery profile can be generated during the process of charging or discharging the battery at 0.05C.

[0054] For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may directly receive the battery profile and the differential profile from the outside. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may obtain the battery profile and the differential profile by receiving the battery profile and the differential profile through being connected to the outside via wired and / or wireless means.

[0055] As another example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may receive battery information regarding the voltage and capacity of the battery. In addition, the profile acquisition unit 110 may generate a battery profile based on the received battery information and generate a differential profile based on the generated battery profile. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may obtain the battery profile and the differential profile by directly generating the battery profile and the differential profile based on the battery information.

[0056] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be connected to communicate with the control unit 120. For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be connected to the control unit 120 via wired and / or wireless means. The profile acquisition unit 110 may send the obtained differential profile to the control unit 120.

[0057] Specifically, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to obtain at least one of a first differential profile D1 representing the correspondence between the capacity and the differential voltage of the battery and a second differential profile D2 representing the correspondence between the voltage and the differential capacity of the battery.

[0058] Figure 2 is a diagram schematically showing a battery profile M according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, in Figure 2 the embodiment, the battery profile M may be expressed as an X-Y curve graph in which the X-axis is the capacity (Q) and the Y-axis is the voltage (V).

[0059] Figure 3 is a diagram schematically showing a first differential profile D1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, in Figure 3 the embodiment, the first differential profile D1 may be expressed as an X-Y curve graph in which the X-axis is the capacity (Q) and the Y-axis is the differential voltage (dV / dQ).

[0060] Figure 4 is a diagram schematically showing a second differential profile D2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, in Figure 4 the embodiment, the second differential profile D2 may be expressed as an X-Y curve graph in which the X-axis is the voltage (V) and the Y-axis is the differential capacity (dQ / dV).

[0061] The control unit 120 may be configured to generate a comparison full cell profile and a comparison differential profile based on a preset reference positive profile and a preset reference negative profile.

[0062] First, the control unit 120 may be configured to generate a comparative full cell profile based on a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile.

[0063] Specifically, the reference positive electrode profile may be a profile representing the correspondence between the capacity and the voltage of a reference positive electrode monomer preset to correspond to the positive electrode of the battery. For example, the reference positive electrode monomer may be the positive electrode of a positive coin half monomer or a three - electrode monomer. Additionally, the reference negative electrode profile may be a profile representing the correspondence between the capacity and the voltage of a reference negative electrode monomer preset to correspond to the negative electrode of the battery. For example, the reference negative electrode monomer may be the negative electrode of a negative coin half monomer or a three - electrode monomer.

[0064] The control unit 120 may generate a comparative full cell profile representing the voltage difference by capacity between the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile. For example, the control unit 120 may calculate the difference between the positive electrode potential of the reference positive electrode profile and the negative electrode potential of the reference negative electrode profile for each capacity and generate a comparative full cell profile based on the calculation result.

[0065] Figure 5 FIG. is a diagram schematically showing a reference positive electrode profile Rp and a reference negative electrode profile Rn according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0066] For example, in Figure 5 the embodiment of, the control unit 120 may calculate the voltage difference between the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn in the capacity range from 5 [Ah] to 50 [Ah], and generate a comparative full cell profile R based on the calculated voltage difference. The capacity range of the comparative full cell profile R is from 5 [Ah] to 50 [Ah], and the voltage range is from 3.0 [V] to 4.0 [V].

[0067] The control unit 120 may be configured to generate a comparative differential profile based on the generated comparative full cell profile R.

[0068] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate a comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to voltage or capacity. Preferably, the control unit 120 may generate a comparative differential profile corresponding to the differential profile obtained by the profile obtaining unit 110.

[0069] For example, when the profile obtaining unit 110 obtains a first differential profile D1, the control unit 120 may generate a first comparative differential profile DR1 representing the correspondence between capacity (Q) and differential voltage (dV / dQ) by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to capacity.

[0070] As another example, when the cross-section acquisition unit 110 acquires the second differential cross-section D2, the control unit 120 may generate a second comparative differential cross-section DR2 representing the correspondence between the voltage (V) and the differential capacity (dQ / dV) by differentiating the comparative full-cell cross-section R with respect to the voltage.

[0071] Figure 6 FIG. is a diagram schematically showing a battery cross-section M and a comparative full-cell cross-section R according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7 FIG. is a diagram schematically showing a first differential cross-section D1 and a first comparative differential cross-section DR1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0072] In Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the embodiment, the result of differentiating the battery cross-section M with respect to the capacity is the first differential cross-section D1, and the result of differentiating the comparative full-cell cross-section R with respect to the capacity is the first comparative differential cross-section DR1.

[0073] In Figure 7 In the embodiment, the control unit 120 may generate the first comparative differential cross-section DR1 corresponding to the first differential cross-section D1 by differentiating the comparative full-cell cross-section R with respect to the capacity.

[0074] The control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive cross-section Rp and the reference negative cross-section Rn such that the comparative full-cell cross-section and the comparative differential cross-section respectively correspond to the battery cross-section and the differential cross-section.

[0075] Specifically, the control unit 120 may calculate a first error between the comparative full-cell cross-section R and the battery cross-section M. Additionally, the control unit 120 may be configured to calculate a second error between the comparative differential cross-section and the differential cross-section.

[0076] For example, in Figure 6 In the embodiment, the control unit 120 may calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the battery cross-section M and the comparative full-cell cross-section R. As another example, in Figure 6 In the embodiment, the control unit 120 may calculate the voltage difference d1 for each capacity in the battery cross-section M and the comparative full-cell cross-section R. Additionally, the control unit 120 may calculate the error between the battery cross-section M and the comparative full-cell cross-section R by summing the calculated multiple voltage differences d1. Here, the voltage difference d1 is the unit error between the battery cross-section M and the comparative full-cell cross-section R at the corresponding capacity, and the sum of the voltage differences d1 is the error between the battery cross-section M and the comparative full-cell cross-section R.

[0077] For example, in Figure 7In an embodiment, the control unit 120 may calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparison differential profile DR1. As another example, in Figure 7 In an embodiment, the control unit 120 may calculate the differential voltage difference d2 of each capacity between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparison differential profile DR1. Additionally, the control unit 120 may calculate the error between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparison differential profile DR1 by adding up the calculated multiple differential voltage differences d2. Here, the differential voltage difference d2 is the unit error between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparison differential profile DR1 at the corresponding capacity, and the sum of the differential voltage differences d2 is the error between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparison differential profile DR1.

[0078] The control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn until the calculated error is minimized.

[0079] Specifically, the control unit 120 may calculate the total error of the first error between the battery profile M and the comparison full cell profile R and the second error between the comparison differential profile DR1 and the differential profile D1. Additionally, the control unit 120 may adjust the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn by shifting or capacity scaling such that the calculated error is minimized.

[0080] will be referred to later Figures 8 to 13 to describe specific embodiments of adjusting the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn.

[0081] The control unit 120 may be configured to determine the adjusted positive profile and the adjusted negative profile as the positive profile and the negative profile of the battery, respectively, according to the adjustment result.

[0082] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate multiple comparison full cell profiles R by adjusting the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn. Additionally, the control unit 120 may generate multiple comparison differential profiles based on the multiple comparison full cell profiles R. The control unit 120 may specify the comparison full cell profile having the minimum total error (the sum of the first error and the second error) among the multiple comparison full cell profiles. Additionally, the control unit 120 may determine the adjusted positive profile and the adjusted negative profile corresponding to the specified comparison full cell profile as the positive profile and the negative profile of the battery, respectively.

[0083] The battery management device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has the advantage of being able to more accurately determine the positive profile and the negative profile of the battery by considering both the first error between the battery profile M and the comparison full cell profile R and the second error between the differential profile and the comparison differential profile.

[0084] Meanwhile, the control unit 120 provided in the battery management device 100 may selectively include a processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chip sets, logic circuits, registers, communication modems, data processing devices, etc. known in the art to execute various control logics performed in the present disclosure. In addition, when the control logic is implemented in software, the control unit 120 may be implemented as a set of program modules. At this time, the program modules may be stored in the memory and executed by the control unit 120. The memory may be located inside or outside the control unit 120 and may be connected to the control unit 120 in various well-known ways.

[0085] In addition, the battery management device 100 may further include a storage unit 130. The storage unit 130 may store data necessary for the operation and function of each component of the battery management device 100, data generated during the execution of the operation or function, etc. The type of the storage unit 130 is not particularly limited as long as it is a known information storage device capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data. As an example, the information storage device may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, etc. In addition, the storage unit 130 may store program codes in which processes executable by the control unit 120 are defined.

[0086] For example, the battery profile M and the differential profiles D1, D2 obtained by the profile obtaining unit 110 may be stored in the storage unit 130. In addition, the storage unit 130 may store a preset reference positive profile Rp and a preset reference negative profile Rn. In addition, the control unit 120 may access the storage unit 130 to obtain the stored profiles.

[0087] Hereinafter, embodiments in which the control unit 120 adjusts the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn will be described in more detail.

[0088] Figures 8 to 10 is a diagram showing an example of a process of adjusting the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0089] The reference Figures 8 to 10 The process of generating the comparative full cell profile S to be described is performed in the following order: a first routine for setting four points (positive participation start point, positive participation end point, negative participation start point, negative participation end point) corresponding to a voltage range of interest (see Figure 8 ); a second routine for performing profile shift (see Figure 9 ); and a third routine for performing capacity scaling (see Figure 10 ). That is, the process of generating the comparative full cell profile S according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the first to third routines.

[0090] First, refer to Figure 8 , the reference positive electrode cut line Rp and the reference negative electrode cut line Rn are the same as those shown in Figure 8 .

[0091] The control unit 120 determines a positive electrode participation start point pi, a positive electrode participation end point pf, a negative electrode participation start point ni, and a negative electrode participation end point nf on the reference positive electrode cut line Rp and the reference negative electrode cut line Rn.

[0092] Either the positive electrode participation start point pi or the negative electrode participation start point ni depends on the other.

[0093] As an example, the control unit 120 can divide the positive electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference positive electrode cut line Rp into multiple micro-voltage sections, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the multiple micro-voltage sections as the positive electrode participation start point pi. Each micro-voltage section can have a predetermined size (for example, 0.01V). Next, the control unit 120 can set the point on the reference negative electrode cut line Rn that is smaller than the positive electrode participation start point pi by a first set voltage (for example, 3V) as the negative electrode participation start point ni.

[0094] As another example, the control unit 120 can divide the negative electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative electrode cut line Rn into multiple micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the multiple micro-voltage sections as the negative electrode participation start point ni. Next, the control unit 120 can search for a point on the reference positive electrode cut line Rp that is larger than the negative electrode participation start point ni by the first set voltage and set the searched point as the positive electrode participation start point pi.

[0095] Either the positive electrode participation end point pf or the negative electrode participation end point nf depends on the other.

[0096] As an example, the control unit 120 can divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the reference positive electrode cut line Rp into multiple micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the multiple micro-voltage sections as the positive electrode participation end point pf. Next, the control unit 120 can set the point on the reference negative electrode cut line Rn that is smaller than the positive electrode participation end point pf by a second set voltage (for example, 4V) as the negative electrode participation end point nf.

[0097] As another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative voltage range from the starting point to the ending point of the reference negative dissection line Rn into multiple micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the multiple micro-voltage sections as the negative participation ending point nf. Next, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the reference positive dissection line Rp that is greater than the negative participation ending point nf by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive participation ending point pf.

[0098] When the determination of the positive participation starting point pi, the positive participation ending point pf, the negative participation starting point ni, and the negative participation ending point nf is completed, the control unit 120 shifts at least one of the reference positive dissection line Rp and the reference negative dissection line Rn left or right along the horizontal axis.

[0099] Reference Figure 9 , the control unit 120 may shift the reference positive dissection line Rp and / or the reference negative dissection line Rn so that the capacitance values of the positive participation starting point pi and the negative participation starting point ni match.

[0100] Alternatively, the control unit 120 may shift the reference positive dissection line Rp and / or the reference negative dissection line Rn so that the voltages of the positive participation ending point pf and the negative participation ending point nf match.

[0101] Figure 9 The figure only shows the case where the reference positive dissection line Rp is shifted to the left to generate the adjusted reference positive dissection line Rp', and as a result, the voltage of the positive participation starting point pi' matches the voltage of the negative participation starting point ni. The adjusted reference positive dissection line Rp' is the result of applying an adjustment process for shifting the voltage difference between the positive participation starting point pi and the negative participation starting point ni to the left to the reference positive dissection line Rp. Therefore, the two points pi and pi' only differ in capacitance value and have the same voltage. The two points pf and pf' only differ in capacitance value and have the same voltage.

[0102] When the adjusted result dissection lines Rp' and Rn obtained by shifting at least one of the reference positive dissection line Rp and the reference negative distribution Rn are ensured, the control unit 120 scales the capacitance range of at least one of the adjusted result dissection lines Rp' and Rn.

[0103] According to Figure 9 's embodiment, the control unit 120 performs an additional adjustment process to contract or expand at least one of the adjusted reference positive dissection line Rp' and the reference negative dissection line Rn along the horizontal axis.

[0104] Reference Figure 10, the control unit 120 can generate an adjusted reference positive profile Rp'' by shrinking or expanding the adjusted reference positive profile Rp', such that the size of the capacity range between two points pi' and pf' of the adjusted reference positive profile Rp' matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M. At this time, one of the two points pi' and pf' can be fixed. Therefore, the capacity difference between two points pi' and pf'' of the adjusted reference positive profile Rp'' can match the capacity range of the battery profile M.

[0105] In addition, the control unit 120 can generate an adjusted reference negative profile Rn' by shrinking or expanding the reference negative profile Rn, such that the size of the capacity range between two points ni and nf of the reference negative profile Rn matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M. At this time, one of the two points ni and nf can be fixed. Therefore, the capacity difference between two points ni and nf' of the adjusted reference negative profile Rn' can match the capacity range of the battery profile M.

[0106] In Figure 10 , the adjusted reference positive profile Rp'' is Figure 9 the shrinking result of the adjusted reference positive profile Rp' shown in Figure 9 , and the adjusted reference negative profile Rn' is

[0107] the expanding result of the reference negative profile Rn shown in

[0108] The positive participation end point pf'' on the adjusted reference positive profile Rp'' corresponds to the positive participation end point pf on the adjusted reference positive profile Rp'. The negative participation end point nf' on the adjusted reference negative profile Rn' corresponds to the negative participation end point nf on the reference negative profile Rn.

[0109] In addition, the capacity range of two points pi' and pf'' of the adjusted reference positive profile Rp'' matches the capacity range of two points ni and nf' of the adjusted reference negative profile Rn'. The control unit 120 can generate a comparison full cell profile S by subtracting the profile between two points pi and pf' of the adjusted reference positive profile Rp'' from the profile between two points ni and nf' of the adjusted reference negative profile Rn'.

[0110] The control unit 120 may calculate a first error between the overall cell profile line S and the battery profile line. The control unit 120 may generate a comparison differential profile line from the comparison overall cell profile line S and calculate a second error between the comparison differential profile line and the differential profile line. When the total error between the first error and the second error is minimized, the adjusted reference positive profile line Rp’’ corresponding to the comparison overall cell profile line S may be determined as the adjusted positive profile line, and the adjusted reference negative profile line Rn’ may be determined as the adjusted negative profile line.

[0111] The control unit 120 may mutually map at least two of the adjusted reference positive profile line Rp’’, the adjusted reference negative profile line Rn’, the positive participation start point pi’, the positive participation end point pf’’, the negative participation start point ni, the negative participation end point nf’, the positive change rate ps, the negative change rate ns, the comparison overall cell profile line S, and the profile line error and record them in the storage unit 130. Here, the control unit 120 may calculate the change rate of the adjusted reference positive profile line Rp’’ with respect to the reference positive profile line Rp as the positive change rate ps. Additionally, the control unit 120 may calculate the change rate of the adjusted reference negative profile line Rn’ with respect to the reference negative profile line Rn as the negative change rate ns.

[0112] Meanwhile, as described above, when the positive voltage range of the reference positive profile line Rp is divided into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, the boundary points of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections may be set as the positive participation start point pi.

[0113] For example, if the positive voltage range of the reference positive profile line Rp is divided into 100 micro-voltage ranges, there may be 100 boundary points that can be set as the positive participation start point pi. Additionally, if the voltage range greater than or equal to the second set voltage in the reference positive profile line Rp is divided into 40 micro-voltage ranges, there may be 40 boundary points that can be set as the positive participation end point pf. In this case, up to 4000 different comparison overall cell profile lines may be generated.

[0114] Of course, it will be readily understood that as the size of the micro-voltage section decreases, the number of comparison overall cell profile lines that can be maximally generated increases, and conversely, as the size of the micro-voltage section increases, the number of comparison overall cell profile lines that can be maximally generated decreases.

[0115] Figures 11 to 13 is a diagram showing another example of the process of adjusting the reference positive profile line Rp and the reference negative profile line Rn according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figures 11 to 13 is a diagram referred to for explaining another example of the process for generating the comparison overall cell profile line U. For reference, Figures 11 to 13 The embodiment shown inFigures 8 to 10 the embodiments shown in Figures 8 to 10 the embodiments shown in Figures 11 to 13 the terms or symbols used for the embodiments shown in

[0116] will be explained with reference to Figures 11 to 13 The process of generating the relatively complete monomer profile line U to be explained proceeds in the following order: the fourth routine for performing capacity scaling (see Figure 11 ), the fifth routine for setting four points (the starting point of positive electrode participation, the ending point of positive electrode participation, the starting point of negative electrode participation, the ending point of negative electrode participation) (see Figure 12 ), and the sixth routine for performing profile line shift (see Figure 13 ). That is, the process of generating the relatively complete monomer profile line U according to another embodiment of the present disclosure includes the fourth to sixth routines.

[0117] With reference to Figure 11 , the reference positive electrode profile line Rp and the reference negative electrode profile line Rn are the same as those shown in Figure 7 .

[0118] The control unit 120 generates an adjusted reference positive electrode profile line Rp' and an adjusted reference negative electrode profile line Rn' by applying a first scale factor and a second scale factor selected from the scaling numerical range to the reference positive electrode profile line Rp and the reference negative electrode profile line Rn respectively.

[0119] The scaling numerical range can be pre-determined or can vary depending on the ratio of the capacity range size of the battery profile line M to the capacity range size of the reference complete monomer profile line R. As an example, if the first scale factor and the second scale factor can be selected among values with an interval of 0.1% in the scaling numerical range (for example, 90 to 99%), that is, 90%, 90.1%, 90.2%,..., 98.9%, 99%), then 91 values can be selected as the first scale factor and the second scale factor respectively. In such a case, up to 8,281 adjusted profile line pairs can be generated according to 91×91 = 8,281 adjustment levels (combinations of the first scale factor and the second scale factor). The adjusted profile line pair refers to the combination of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile line and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile line.

[0120] Figure 11 Shows an example in which the adjusted reference positive electrode profile line Rp' and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile line Rn' are the results of applying a first scale factor and a second scale factor less than 100% to the reference positive electrode profile line Rp and the reference negative electrode profile line Rn respectively.

[0121] Since both the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor are less than 100%, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp’ is a contraction of the reference positive electrode profile Rp along the horizontal axis, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn’ is also a contraction of the reference negative electrode profile Rn along the horizontal axis. For ease of understanding, the starting point of each of the positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn is fixed and the remaining part is shrunk leftward along the horizontal axis.

[0122] Reference Figure 12 , the control unit 120 determines the positive electrode participation starting point pi’, the positive electrode participation ending point pf’, the negative electrode participation starting point ni’, and the negative electrode participation ending point nf’ on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp’ and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn’.

[0123] Either the positive electrode participation starting point pi’ or the negative electrode participation starting point ni’ can depend on the other. Additionally, either the positive electrode participation ending point pf’ or the negative electrode participation ending point nf’ can depend on the other. Additionally, either the positive electrode participation starting point pi’ or the positive electrode participation ending point pf’ can be set based on the other.

[0124] That is, when any one of the positive electrode participation starting point pi’, the positive electrode participation ending point pf’, the negative electrode participation starting point ni’, and the negative electrode participation ending point nf’ is set, the remaining three points can be automatically set by the first set voltage, the second set voltage, and / or the magnitude of the capacity range of the battery profile M (e.g., the charging capacity from SOC 0 to 100%).

[0125] As an example, the control unit 120 can divide the positive electrode voltage range between the starting point and the ending point (or the second set voltage) of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp’ into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the positive electrode participation starting point pi’. Next, the control unit 120 can set the point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn that is smaller than the positive electrode participation starting point pi’ by the first set voltage (e.g., 3V) as the negative electrode participation starting point ni’.

[0126] As another example, the control unit 120 can divide the negative electrode voltage range between the starting point and the ending point of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn’ into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the negative electrode participation starting point ni’. Next, the control unit 120 can search for the point on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp’ that is larger than the negative electrode participation starting point ni’ by the first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode participation starting point pi’.

[0127] As another example, the control unit 120 may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the adjusted reference positive profile Rp' into a plurality of micro-voltage segments of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent micro-voltage segments among the plurality of micro-voltage segments as the positive participation end point pf'. Next, the control unit 120 may search in the adjusted reference negative profile Rn' for a point that is smaller than the positive participation end point pf' by the second set voltage (for example, 4V), and set the searched point as the negative participation end point nf'.

[0128] As yet another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted reference negative profile Rn' into a plurality of micro-voltage segments of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent micro-voltage segments among the plurality of micro-voltage segments as the negative participation end point nf'. Next, the control unit 120 may search in the adjusted reference positive profile Rp' for a point that is larger than the negative participation end point nf' by the second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive participation end point pf'.

[0129] If any one of the positive participation start point pi', the positive participation end point pf', the negative participation start point ni', and the negative participation end point nf' is determined, the control unit 120 may additionally determine the remaining three points based on the determined point.

[0130] As an example, when the positive participation start point pi' is first determined, the control unit 120 may set, as the positive participation end point pf', a point on the adjusted reference positive profile Rp' whose capacitance value is larger than the capacitance value of the positive participation start point pi' by the capacitance range size of the battery profile M. Additionally, the control unit 120 may search in the adjusted reference negative profile Rn' for a point that is lower than the positive participation start point pi' by the first set voltage, and set the searched point as the negative participation start point ni'. Additionally, the control unit 120 may set, as the negative participation end point nf', a point on the adjusted reference negative profile Rn' whose capacitance value is larger than the capacitance value of the negative participation start point ni' by the capacitance range size of the battery profile M.

[0131] As another example, when the positive electrode participation end point pf’ is first determined, the control unit 120 may set, as the positive electrode participation start point pi’, a point on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp’ that has a capacitance value smaller than the capacitance value of the positive electrode participation end point pf’ by the capacitance range size of the battery profile M. Additionally, the control unit 120 may search the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn’ for a point that is smaller than the positive electrode participation end point pf’ by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the negative electrode participation end point nf’. Additionally, the control unit 120 may set, as the negative electrode participation start point ni’, a point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn’ that has a capacitance value smaller than the capacitance value of the negative electrode participation end point nf’ by the capacitance range size of the battery profile M.

[0132] As yet another example, when the negative electrode participation start point ni’ is determined, the control unit 120 may set, as the negative electrode participation end point nf’, a point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn’ that has a capacitance value larger than the capacitance value of the negative electrode participation start point ni’ by the capacitance range size of the battery profile M. Additionally, the control unit 120 may search the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp’ for a point that is higher than the negative electrode participation start point ni’ by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode participation start point pi’. Additionally, the control unit 120 may set, as the positive electrode participation end point pf’, a point on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp’ that has a capacitance value larger than the capacitance value of the positive electrode participation start point pi’ by the capacitance range size of the battery profile M.

[0133] As yet another example, when the negative electrode participation end point nf’ is determined, the control unit 120 may set, as the negative electrode participation start point ni’, a point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn’ that has a capacitance value smaller than the capacitance value of the negative electrode participation end point nf’ by the capacitance range size of the battery profile M. Additionally, the control unit 120 may search the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp’ for a point that is higher than the negative electrode participation end point nf’ by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode participation end point pf’. Additionally, the control unit 120 may set, as the positive electrode participation start point pi’, a point on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp’ that has a capacitance value smaller than the capacitance value of the positive electrode participation end point pf’ by the capacitance range size of the battery profile M.

[0134] Once the determination of the positive electrode participation start point pi’, the positive electrode participation end point pf’, the negative electrode participation start point ni’, and the negative electrode participation end point nf’ is completed based on the pairing of the first scale factor and the second scale factor, the control unit 120 may shift at least one of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp’ and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn’ along the horizontal axis so that the capacitance values of the positive electrode participation start point pi’ and the negative electrode participation start point ni’ match, or the capacitance values of the positive electrode participation end point pf’ and the negative electrode participation end point nf’ match.

[0135] Figure 13 The adjusted reference negative electrode profile line Rn’’ shown is obtained by only Figure 11 shifting the adjusted reference negative electrode profile line Rn’ shown to the right. Thus, the capacitance values of the positive electrode participation starting point pi’ and the negative electrode participation starting point ni’’ match each other. Correspondingly, since the capacitance difference between the positive electrode participation starting point pi’ and the positive electrode participation ending point pf’ is the same as the capacitance difference between the negative electrode participation starting point ni’ and the negative electrode participation ending point nf’, if the capacitance values of the positive electrode participation starting point pi’ and the negative electrode participation starting point ni’’ match each other, then the capacitance values of the positive electrode participation ending point pf’ and the negative electrode participation ending point nf’’ also match each other.

[0136] Reference Figure 13 , the control unit 120 can generate a comparison full cell profile line U by subtracting the partial profile line between two points pi’ and pf’ of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile line Rp’ from the partial profile line between two points ni’’ and nf’’ of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile line Rn’’.

[0137] The control unit 120 can calculate a first error between the comparison full cell profile line U and the battery profile line. The control unit 120 can generate a comparison differential profile line from the comparison full cell profile line U and calculate a second error between the comparison differential profile line and the differential profile line. When the total error between the first error and the second error is minimized, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile line Rp’ corresponding to the comparison full cell profile line U can be determined as the adjusted positive electrode profile line, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile line Rn’’ can be determined by adjusting the negative electrode profile line.

[0138] The control unit 120 can map and record at least two of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile line Rp’, the adjusted reference negative electrode profile line Rn’’, the positive electrode participation starting point pi’, the positive electrode participation ending point pf’, the negative electrode participation starting point ni’’, the negative electrode participation ending point nf’’, the positive electrode change rate ps, the negative electrode change rate ns, the comparison full cell profile line U, and the profile line error in the storage unit 130. For example, the control unit 120 can determine the first scale factor as the positive electrode change rate ps and the second scale factor as the negative electrode change rate ns.

[0139] Next, an embodiment will be described in which the control unit 120 determines the positive electrode profile line and the negative electrode profile line of the battery by considering all of the battery profile line M, the first differential profile line D1, and the second differential profile line D2.

[0140] The profile line obtaining unit 110 can be configured to obtain the first differential profile line D1 and the second differential profile line D2.

[0141] For example, in Figure 3 and Figure 4In an embodiment, the sectional line obtaining unit 110 may obtain a first differential sectional line D1 and a second differential sectional line D2.

[0142] The control unit 120 may be configured to generate a first comparison differential sectional line DR1 corresponding to the first differential sectional line D1 and a second comparison differential sectional line DR2 corresponding to the second differential sectional line D2 based on a reference positive sectional line Rp and a reference negative sectional line Rn.

[0143] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate a comparison full cell sectional line R based on the reference positive sectional line Rp and the reference negative sectional line Rn. In addition, the control unit 120 may generate the first comparison differential sectional line DR1 by differentiating the comparison full cell sectional line R with respect to the capacity. In addition, the control unit 120 may generate the second comparison differential sectional line DR2 by differentiating the comparison full cell sectional line R with respect to the voltage.

[0144] The control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive sectional line Rp and the reference negative sectional line Rn based on a first error between the battery sectional line M and the comparison full cell sectional line R, a second error between the first differential sectional line D1 and the first comparison differential sectional line DR1, and a third error between the second differential sectional line D2 and the second comparison differential sectional line DR2.

[0145] For example, in Figure 6 the embodiment, the control unit 120 may calculate the root mean square error between the battery sectional line M and the comparison full cell sectional line R.

[0146] For example, in Figure 7 the embodiment, the control unit 120 may calculate the root mean square error between the first differential sectional line D1 and the first comparison differential sectional line DR1.

[0147] Figure 14 FIG. is a diagram schematically showing a second differential sectional line D2 and a second comparison differential sectional line DR2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0148] In Figure 6 and Figure 14 the embodiment, the result of differentiating the battery sectional line with respect to the voltage is the second differential sectional line D2, and the result of differentiating the comparison full cell sectional line R with respect to the capacity is the second comparison differential sectional line DR2.

[0149] For example, in Figure 14 the embodiment, the control unit 120 may calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the second differential sectional line D2 and the second comparison differential sectional line DR2. As another example, in Figure 14In an embodiment, the control unit 120 may calculate a differential capacitance difference d3 of each voltage between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparison differential profile DR2. In addition, the control unit 120 may calculate a second error between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparison differential profile DR2 by adding the calculated plurality of differential capacitance differences d3. Here, the differential capacitance difference d3 is a unit error between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparison differential profile DR2 at a corresponding voltage, and the sum of the differential capacitance differences d3 is the error between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparison differential profile DR2.

[0150] The control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn until the total error of the first error, the second error, and the third error is minimized.

[0151] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate a plurality of comparison full cell profiles R by adjusting the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn. In addition, the control unit 120 may specify, among the plurality of comparison full cell profiles R, the comparison full cell profile R in which the total error of the first error between the cell profile M and the comparison full cell profile R, the second error between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparison differential profile DR1, and the third error between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparison differential profile DR2 is minimized. In addition, the control unit 120 may determine the adjusted positive profile and the adjusted negative profile corresponding to the specified comparison full cell profile R as the positive profile and the negative profile of the battery, respectively.

[0152] The battery management device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may determine the positive profile and the negative profile of the battery based on the total error. Therefore, the positive profile and the negative profile corresponding to the current state of the battery can be determined more accurately.

[0153] The battery management device 100 according to the present disclosure may be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System). That is, the BMS according to the present disclosure may include the above-described battery management device 100. In this configuration, at least some components of the battery management device 100 may be implemented by supplementing or adding functions of configurations included in a conventional BMS. For example, the profile obtaining unit 110, the control unit 120, and the storage unit 130 may be implemented as components of the BMS.

[0154] The battery management device 100 according to the present disclosure may be provided in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present disclosure may include the above-described battery management device 100 and one or more battery cells. In addition, the battery pack may further include electrical devices (relays, fuses, etc.) and a housing.

[0155] Figure 15 is a diagram showing a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0156] The positive terminal of the battery 11 may be connected to the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 10, and the negative terminal of the battery 11 may be connected to the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 10.

[0157] The measurement unit 12 may be connected to the first sensing line SL1, the second sensing line SL2, and the third sensing line SL3. Specifically, the measurement unit 12 may be connected to the positive terminal of the battery 11 through the first sensing line SL1, and may be connected to the negative terminal of the battery 11 through the second sensing line SL2. The measurement unit 12 may measure the voltage of the battery 11 based on the voltages measured at the first sensing line SL1 and the second sensing line SL2.

[0158] In addition, the measurement unit 12 may be connected to the ammeter A through the third sensing line SL3. For example, the ammeter A may be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and the discharging current of the battery 11. The measurement unit 12 may calculate the charging amount by measuring the charging current of the battery 11 through the third sensing line SL3. In addition, the measurement unit 12 may calculate the discharging amount by measuring the discharging current of the battery 11 through the third sensing line SL3.

[0159] An external device may be connected to the positive terminal P+ and the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 10. For example, the external device may be a charging device or a load. In addition, the positive terminal of the battery 11, the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 10, the external device, the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 10, and the negative terminal of the battery 11 may be electrically connected.

[0160] Figure 16 FIG. 1600 schematically shows a vehicle 1600 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0161] Reference Figure 16 , a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be included in a vehicle 1600 such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV). In addition, the battery pack 1610 may supply power to an electric motor through an inverter provided in the vehicle 1600 to drive the vehicle 1600. Here, the battery pack 1610 may include a battery management device 100. That is, the vehicle 1600 may include the battery management device 100. In this case, the battery management device 100 may be an in-vehicle device included in the vehicle 1600.

[0162] Figure 17 FIG. 404 schematically shows a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0163] Reference Figure 17, the battery management method may include a profile obtaining step (S100), a comparison profile generating step (S200), a profile adjusting step (S300), and a profile determining step (S400).

[0164] Preferably, each step of the battery management method may be executed by the battery management device 100. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, the content overlapping with the foregoing will be omitted or briefly described.

[0165] The profile obtaining step (S100) is a step of obtaining a battery profile M and differential profiles D1, D2 based on the voltage and capacity of the battery, and may be executed by the profile obtaining unit 110.

[0166] For example, the profile obtaining unit 110 may be configured to obtain at least one of a battery profile M representing the correspondence between the voltage and capacitance of the battery, a first differential profile D1 representing the correspondence between the voltage and differential capacitance of the battery, and a second differential profile D2 representing the correspondence between the capacity and differential voltage of the battery.

[0167] The comparison profile generating step (S200) is a step of generating a comparison full cell profile R and comparison differential profiles RD1, RD2 based on a preset reference positive profile Rp and a preset reference negative profile Rn, and may be executed by the control unit 120.

[0168] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate a comparison full cell profile based on the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn. In addition, the control unit 120 may generate the comparison differential profiles RD1, RD2 by differentiating the comparison full cell profile R with respect to voltage or capacity. Preferably, the control unit 120 may generate the comparison differential profiles RD1, RD2 to correspond to the differential profiles D1, D2 obtained by the profile obtaining unit 110.

[0169] The profile adjusting step (S300) is a step of adjusting the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn such that the comparison full cell profile R and the comparison differential profiles RD1, RD2 respectively correspond to the battery profile M and the differential profiles D1, D2, and may be executed by the control unit 120.

[0170] For example, the control unit 120 may calculate a first error between the battery profile M and the comparison full cell profile R. In addition, the control unit 120 may be configured to calculate a second error between the first differential profile D1 and the first comparison differential profile RD1. In addition, the control unit 120 may be configured to calculate a third error between the second differential profile D2 and the second comparison differential profile RD2. In addition, the control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive profile Rp and the reference negative profile Rn until the total error of the first error, the second error, and the third error is minimized.

[0171] The cross-section line determination step (S400) is a step of determining the adjusted positive cross-section line and the adjusted negative cross-section line as the positive cross-section line and the negative cross-section line of the battery respectively according to the adjustment result of the cross-section line adjustment step (S300), and can be executed by the control unit 120.

[0172] Specifically, the control unit 120 can generate a plurality of comparison full-cell cross-section lines by adjusting the reference positive cross-section line and the reference negative cross-section line. In addition, the control unit 120 can generate a plurality of comparison differential cross-section lines based on the plurality of comparison full-cell cross-section lines. The control unit 120 can specify the comparison differential cross-section line having the smallest error from the differential cross-section line among the plurality of comparison differential cross-section lines. In addition, the control unit 120 can determine the adjusted positive cross-section line and the adjusted negative cross-section line corresponding to the specified comparison differential cross-section line as the positive cross-section line and the negative cross-section line of the battery respectively.

[0173] The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented not only by devices and methods, but also by a program that implements functions corresponding to the configurations of the embodiments of the present disclosure or a recording medium on which the program is recorded. Based on the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can easily implement the program or the recording medium.

[0174] The present disclosure has been described in detail. However, the detailed description and specific examples are given only by way of illustration while indicating the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, because various changes and modifications within the scope of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.

[0175] In addition, without departing from the technical aspects of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can make many substitutions, modifications and changes to the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments and drawings, and each embodiment can be selectively combined partially or wholly to allow various modifications.

[0176] (Description of reference numerals)

[0177] 10: Battery pack

[0178] 11: Battery

[0179] 12: Measuring unit

[0180] 100: Battery management device

[0181] 110: Cross-section line obtaining unit

[0182] 120: Control unit

[0183] 130: Storage unit

[0184] 1600: Vehicle

[0185] 1610: Battery pack

Claims

1. A battery management device, comprising: A profile obtaining unit configured to obtain a battery profile and a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of a battery; A control unit configured to generate a comparison full-cell profile and a comparison differential profile based on a preset reference positive profile and a preset reference negative profile, adjust the reference positive profile and the reference negative profile such that the comparison full-cell profile and the comparison differential profile respectively correspond to the battery profile and the differential profile, and determine an adjusted positive profile and an adjusted negative profile as the positive profile and the negative profile of the battery according to the adjustment result.

2. The battery management device according to claim 1, Among them, wherein the control unit is configured to generate the comparison differential profile based on the comparison full-cell profile.

3. The battery management device according to claim 1, Among them, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the reference positive profile and the reference negative profile based on a first error between the battery profile and the comparison full-cell profile and a second error between the differential profile and the comparison differential profile.

4. The battery management device according to claim 1, Among them, wherein the profile obtaining unit is configured to obtain at least one of a first differential profile representing the correspondence between the capacity and the differential voltage of the battery and a second differential profile representing the correspondence between the voltage and the differential capacity of the battery.

5. The battery management device according to claim 4, Among them, wherein the profile obtaining unit is configured to obtain the first differential profile and the second differential profile, and wherein the control unit is configured to generate a first comparison differential profile corresponding to the first differential profile and a second comparison differential profile corresponding to the second differential profile based on the comparison full-cell profile.

6. The battery management device according to claim 5, Among them, wherein the control unit is configured to differentiate the comparison full-cell profile with respect to capacity to generate the first comparison differential profile, and differentiate the comparison full-cell profile with respect to voltage to generate the second comparison differential profile.

7. The battery management device according to claim 5, Among them, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the reference positive profile and the reference negative profile based on a first error between the battery profile and the comparison full-cell profile, a second error between the first differential profile and the first comparison differential profile, and a third error between the second differential profile and the second comparison differential profile.

8. The battery management device according to claim 7, Among them, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the reference positive profile and the reference negative profile until the total error of the first error, the second error, and the third error is minimized.

9. A battery pack comprising the battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A vehicle comprising the battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

11. A battery management method, comprising: Cross-section line obtaining step, where the cross-section line obtaining step obtains a battery cross-section line and a differential cross-section line based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; Cross-section line generating step, where the cross-section line generating step generates a comparative full-cell cross-section line and a comparative differential cross-section line based on a preset reference positive cross-section line and a preset reference negative cross-section line; Cross-section line adjusting step, where the cross-section line adjusting step adjusts the reference positive cross-section line and the reference negative cross-section line so that the comparative full-cell cross-section line and the comparative differential cross-section line respectively correspond to the battery cross-section line and the differential cross-section line; And Cross-section line determining step, where the cross-section line determining step respectively determines an adjusted positive cross-section line and an adjusted negative cross-section line as the positive cross-section line and the negative cross-section line of the battery according to the adjustment result of the cross-section line adjusting step.

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