Planting method for interplanting rhizoma atractylodis and soybeans

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a planting method for interplanting rhizoma atractylodis and soybeans. The planting method comprises the specific planting steps of deep plowing, deep rotating, ridging, planting, weeding, irrigation, fertilization, pest control and harvesting. According to the planting method for interplanting the rhizoma atractylodis and the soybeans, the soybeans can achieve a natural shading effect on the rhizoma atractylodis seedlings, the survival rate of the rhizoma atractylodis seedlings is higher, the yield of the rhizoma atractylodis is guaranteed through scientific use of chemical fertilizer and laying irrigation, the yield of the rhizoma atractylodis per mu can reach 600 kg in a period of four years in large-scale mechanical planting, and compared with pure soybean planting, the yield of the rhizoma atractylodis per mu can reach 600 kg. And the soybean yield is also improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, and particularly to a planting method for intercropping Atractylodes lancea with soybeans. Background Art

[0002] Atractylodes lancea is a perennial herb. In the authentic producing areas, the planting cycle is 3 - 4 years. In the existing environment, the wild resources of Atractylodes lancea in the north have decreased, and artificial cultivation has become the mainstream, but the yield fluctuates significantly. In many places, the content of atractylodin is generally lower than the pharmacopoeia standard, and the uneven yield due to insufficient cultivation techniques leads to low economic benefits of Atractylodes lancea and low enthusiasm for planting.

[0003] Currently, the planting cycle of Atractylodes lancea is long, the planting cost is high, and the planting difficulty is great. Except for those areas that specifically grow Atractylodes lancea, this is the reason why Atractylodes lancea is generally not planted by growers.

[0004] In order to improve the economic benefits of planting Atractylodes lancea, intercropping is a relatively good method. CN 108668739A discloses a method of interplanting Atractylodes lancea with peach trees. In mechanized planting, peach trees are intercropped. After 2 years, the growth of peach trees will be unfavorable for operations such as deep plowing, stubble cleaning, annual seed harvesting, chemical fertilizer application, and harvesting by large agricultural machinery. In particular, the operating rod for applying water-soluble fertilizer by agricultural machinery is very likely to scratch the peach trees. Therefore, there is a problem of incompatibility with large agricultural machinery in the intercropping method of peach trees, resulting in the inability to carry out large-area mechanized planting. In order to improve the yield and survival rate of Atractylodes lancea seedlings, reduce the planting cost and pests and diseases, facilitate mechanized planting, and improve the economic benefits of Atractylodes lancea planting, it is urgent to study a new intercropping method for Atractylodes lancea. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a planting method for intercropping Atractylodes lancea with soybeans. The planting method of the present invention improves the survival rate of Atractylodes lancea seedlings, avoids the occurrence of root rot of Atractylodes lancea, and effectively improves the yields of Atractylodes lancea and soybeans.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A planting method for intercropping Atractylodes lancea with soybeans, and the specific planting steps are as follows:

[0008] (1) Deep plowing: Deep plow the land, and the plowing depth is 20 - 30 cm, and treat the soil to meet the sandy soil standard;

[0009] (2) Deep rotary tillage: Use a deep rotary tillage machine for deep rotary tillage, and the deep rotary tillage depth is 40 - 60 cm;

[0010] (3) Ridging: Make high ridges, the ridge width is 1.2 m, the height is 10 - 15 cm, and there is a working path between the ridges;

[0011] (4) Planting: One planting cycle is 4 years. In the first year, at the beginning of April to the beginning of May, Atractylodes lancea seedlings are planted on high ridges. From the first to the third year, Atractylodes lancea is intercropped with soybeans, and in the middle of May of the first to the third year, soybeans are planted at both ends of the ridges. Further, the planting time of Atractylodes lancea is based on the condition that the night temperature can reach 5°C to 10°C.

[0012] Further, in the winter of the second and third years of Atractylodes lancea planting, a straw chopping and returning machine is used to stubble the above-ground part of Atractylodes lancea.

[0013] (5) Weeding: After the seedlings of Atractylodes lancea are planted in the first year, from mid-April to mid-May, and on the eve of the Tomb-Sweeping Festival in the second to fourth years of planting, before the protective fluff on the surface of the buds of Atractylodes lancea has not fully unfolded after germination, acetochlor is applied on the ground surface. Further, around June and August every year, manual weeding is carried out 2 times according to the amount of weeds in the field.

[0014] (6) Irrigation: Sprinkler irrigation is used for irrigation;

[0015] (7) Fertilization: During the growth process of Atractylodes lancea, soil dressing fertilizer, NPK compound fertilizer, humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer, and amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are applied;

[0016] (8) Pest and disease control: Fungicides are used to control pests and diseases;

[0017] (9) Harvesting: Atractylodes lancea is harvested from late September to mid-October in the fourth year, and soybeans are harvested around October 1 in the first to third years.

[0018] In the planting in step (4), the row spacing of Atractylodes lancea is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, the plant spacing of soybeans is 20 cm, 6 rows of Atractylodes lancea and 2 rows of soybeans are planted in each ridge. After planting, Atractylodes lancea is in the middle of soybeans.

[0019] Before planting in step (4), the Atractylodes lancea seedlings are pretreated with a seed treatment fungicide. The active ingredients of the seed treatment fungicide are 25 g / L fludioxonil + 37.5 g / L metalaxyl-M. The specific pretreatment is to soak the roots of the seedlings with fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M for about 30 minutes.

[0020] The sprinkler irrigation method in step (6) is a mist droplet sprinkler irrigation method. The irrigation pipe is placed in the middle of the ridge, and the standard for completing one irrigation is that the roots are moist.

[0021] Further, the fertilization in step (7) is specifically as follows:

[0022] Before planting Atractylodes lancea in the first year and when soil erosion is serious, soil dressing fertilizer is applied. The soil dressing fertilizer is a microbial inoculant and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;

[0023] During the seedling stage of Atractylodes lancea in the first year, NPK compound fertilizer, humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer are applied;

[0024] In the first ten days of May in the 2nd - 4th year of planting, apply NPK compound fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer containing medium and trace elements for the first topdressing.

[0025] In the last ten days of June in the 2nd - 4th year of planting, apply NPK compound fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer containing medium and trace elements for the second topdressing.

[0026] In the first ten days of September in the 3rd and 4th year of planting, apply water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids for topdressing.

[0027] In the small seedling stage of Atractylodes lancea, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the NPK compound fertilizer are 11%, 40%, and 6%; the humic acid content in the water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid is ≥ 30 g / L.

[0028] In the first topdressing, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the NPK compound fertilizer are 19%, 19%, and 19%.

[0029] In the second topdressing, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the NPK compound fertilizer are 14%, 4%, and 24%.

[0030] In the water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, the amino acid content is ≥ 110 g / L, the manganese content is ≥ 12 g / l, and the zinc content is ≥ 12 g / l.

[0031] The application rate of microbial inoculant is 35 - 40 kg / mu, and the application rate of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 35 - 40 kg / mu.

[0032] In the small seedling stage of Atractylodes lancea, the application rate of NPK compound fertilizer is 1.5 - 2.5 kg / mu, the application rate of water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid is 3.5 - 5 kg / mu, and the application rate of water-soluble fertilizer containing medium and trace elements is 1.5 - 2.5 kg / mu.

[0033] For the first topdressing, the application rate of NPK compound fertilizer is 5 - 10 kg / mu, and the application rate of water-soluble fertilizer containing medium and trace elements is 1.5 - 2.5 kg / mu.

[0034] For the second topdressing, the application rate of NPK compound fertilizer is 10 - 15 kg / mu, and the application rate of water-soluble fertilizer containing medium and trace elements is 1.5 - 2.5 kg / mu.

[0035] The application rate of water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids is 75 - 100 mL / mu.

[0036] In step (8), apply a fungicide before 3 - 5 consecutive rainy days that can be foreseen. The fungicide is a combination of fluxapyroxad and difenoconazole or a combination of mancozeb and tebuconazole. The mass ratio of fluxapyroxad to difenoconazole is 3:5, and the mass-to-volume ratio of mancozeb to tebuconazole is 2:1. That is, 200 g of mancozeb is mixed with 100 ml of tebuconazole and added to 100 kg of water, which is the amount for one mu of land.

[0037] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0038] The planting method of intercropping soybeans with atractylodes lancea of ​​the present invention can provide natural shade to atractylodes lancea seedlings, thereby increasing the survival rate of atractylodes lancea seedlings. The scientific use of fertilizers and the laying of irrigation systems ensure the yield of atractylodes lancea. In large-scale mechanized planting, the yield of atractylodes lancea per mu in a cycle of 4 years can reach 600 kg, which also increases the soybean yield compared with the planting of soybeans alone. The contents of atractylodesin and volatile oil in the atractylodes planted by the present invention meet the pharmacopoeia standards. The planting method of the present invention not only allows farmers to achieve economic benefits, but also ensures the country's grain production. The specific advantages are as follows:

[0039] (1) Deep plowing can release mineral nutrients such as potassium and phosphorus in the bottom layer and improve soil permeability. In addition, adding sand to the planting soil to adjust it to sandy soil is conducive to the growth of Atractylodes lancea and increases the yield of Atractylodes lancea compared to plots grown in non-sandy soil.

[0040] (2) Deep rotation of 40 to 60 cm can significantly increase soil porosity and allow Atractylodes lancea to take root better. The deep rotation of the present invention can avoid root rot of Atractylodes lancea to a certain extent. As a perennial plant, the root system of Atractylodes lancea will be more developed after a long period of growth, and the main root system depth can reach 50 cm-80 cm. Deep rotation of the soil can break the deep layer of compaction and provide a channel for the root system to take root.

[0041] (3) Raising the bed and interplanting soybeans at both ends of the Atractylodes lancea (i.e., the two ends of the raised bed) can allow water to accumulate on both sides of the water-loving soybeans, thereby increasing the yield. Atractylodes lancea does not like water, and raising the bed allows water to flow to both sides to avoid water accumulation in the Atractylodes lancea seedlings, achieving the effect of having water on both sides and no water in the middle.

[0042] (4) The present invention adopts the planting technology of interplanting soybean with atractylodes lancea, wherein soybeans are planted at both ends of the ridge and atractylodes lancea is planted in the middle of the soybeans, so that the soybeans can achieve the best shading effect on the Chinese medicinal materials, and in one interplanting cycle, soybeans are interplanted in the first three years and not interplanted in the fourth year, so that the above-ground part of atractylodes lancea can be guaranteed to have enough growth space in the fourth year, and it is also beneficial to use mechanized medicine picking when harvesting atractylodes lancea. Currently, there is no prior art on interplanting soybean with atractylodes lancea.

[0043] (5) The present invention selects the sealing agent applied after the seedlings are planted in the first year and before the new shoots break through the ground surface and the protective villi on the surface have not yet fully unfolded in the second to fourth years, which will not have an adverse effect on the growth of Atractylodes lancea and reduce the cost of manual weeding. In the second year of the germination stage of Atractylodes lancea, when the new shoots break through the ground surface and the protective villi on the surface have not yet fully unfolded, the application of S-isopropylamine is selected at this time. The physical barrier layer formed by the densely distributed villi structure on the surface of the Atractylodes lancea shoots can minimize the direct contact between the active ingredients of the agent and the new tissue, thereby not inhibiting the growth of Atractylodes lancea.

[0044] (6) The present invention adopts a sprinkler irrigation technology that is not prone to forming local waterlogging, takes maintaining the root moisture as the irrigation standard, reduces the operation difficulty, and maximally curbs root rot. Moreover, when applying foliar fertilizer, the sprinkler irrigation technology can also enable Atractylodes lancea to better absorb the foliar fertilizer. The present invention adopts the sprinkler irrigation method in combination with raised beds to facilitate Atractylodes lancea to absorb water without waterlogging. According to the principle that water flows to lower places, water accumulates on the side of soybeans.

[0045] (7) The biological bacterial fertilizer applied in the present invention contains a large number of beneficial microorganisms. These microorganisms can decompose organic substances in the soil, release nutrients required by plants, improve the soil structure, and enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil. Applying biological bacterial fertilizer before planting Atractylodes lancea in spring can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of Atractylodes lancea, promote root development and the rapid growth of plants. This fertilization method can significantly increase the yield of Atractylodes lancea. At the same time, this fertilization strategy also has a positive impact on the planting of soybeans. As a nitrogen-fixing crop, when soybeans are intercropped with Atractylodes lancea, they can fix nitrogen in the air through rhizobia, increase the nitrogen content in the soil, and thus promote the growth of Atractylodes lancea at a higher nitrogen concentration to achieve a yield increase effect. The active ingredients in Atractylodes lancea have anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects. Atractylodes lancea contains active ingredients such as volatile oils and polysaccharides, which have broad-spectrum antibacterial effects. Under the anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects, Atractylodes lancea can inhibit pathogenic bacteria in the soil. This regulation of soil microorganisms may indirectly improve the activity of soybean rhizobia and enhance the symbiotic nitrogen fixation efficiency. In addition, the foliar fertilizer applied in the present invention can be directly absorbed through the leaves, quickly supplement the nutrients required by plants, and thus improve the growth rate and yield of Atractylodes lancea.

[0046] (8) For the intercropping of Atractylodes lancea and soybeans in this application, operations such as fertilization, pesticide spraying, and harvesting can be carried out mechanically without affecting the growth of Atractylodes lancea. Description of the Drawings

[0047] Figure 1 It is a real scene picture of the intercropping of Atractylodes lancea and soybeans in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 It is a picture of root rot of Atractylodes lancea caused by drip irrigation technology in Comparative Example 4 of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0049] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementation cases, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0050] The variety of Atractylodes lancea selected in the present invention is Cinnamomeae Rhizoma Atractylodis from Atractylodes lancea Thunb., and the selected seedlings have a seedling age of 1 year. The difference between Cinnamomeae Rhizoma Atractylodis and other Atractylodes lancea varieties is that after the dry goods are cut open, there are red cinnabar-like spots inside, and the cut surface does not form white frost. There is no restriction on the variety of soybeans planted in the present invention.

[0051] Example 1: The planting area of this example is the dry land area in the western part of Liaoning Province

[0052] The first step is deep plowing

[0053] Use a land deep plowing machine to turn the soil at the bottom that has not been affected by tillage to the surface layer. The plowing depth is 20 - 30 cm, releasing mineral nutrients such as potassium and phosphorus in the bottom layer, and at the same time improving soil air permeability. Add sand to the plowed soil until it reaches the sandy soil standard, so that the planting soil for Atractylodes lancea becomes sandy soil

[0054] The second step is deep rotary tillage

[0055] Use a large land deep rotary tillage machine for deep rotary tillage. The depth of the rotary tillage soil is 60 cm, which can make Atractylodes lancea take root better. The 60 - cm deep rotary tillage can significantly increase the soil porosity, avoid root rot due to lack of oxygen, and the deep rotary tillage soil can break the deep - layer hardening and provide a channel for the roots to penetrate downward

[0056] The third step is ridge formation

[0057] The ridge width is 1.2 m and the height is 15 cm, which belongs to high ridges. There is a working path between the ridges, and the width of the working path is about 40 cm

[0058] The fourth step is planting

[0059] Pre - treat the seedlings before planting. Use a seed treatment fungicide with an active ingredient of 25 g / L fludioxonil + 37.5 g / L metalaxyl - M. Dilute 100 ml of the seed treatment fungicide with 50 kg of water and soak the roots of the seedlings for about 30 minutes. The specific brand of the seed treatment fungicide used is Syngenta Maxim. The purpose is to prevent the possible root rot of Atractylodes lancea

[0060] In a 4 - year intercropping cycle, soybeans are intercropped in the first 3 years and not in the fourth year. Soybeans are planted at both ends of the ridge, and Atractylodes lancea is planted in the middle of the soybeans. Select a high ridge that is 105.3 m long, 1.2 m wide at the ridge top, and 30 cm high. Plant Atractylodes lancea seedlings in mid - April, and use the method of manually planting seedlings for strip sowing, with a row spacing of 20 cm and a plant spacing of 15 cm. Sow soybeans in mid - May, with a plant spacing of 20 cm and 2 seeds in each hole. There are 6 rows of Atractylodes lancea and 2 rows of soybeans planted on each ridge. Soybeans are planted on both sides of the ridge, and Atractylodes lancea is planted in the middle, so that soybeans can achieve the best shading effect on the Chinese medicinal materials. As Figure 1 shown, the tall plants on both sides are soybeans, and the short plants in the middle are Atractylodes lancea

[0061] In the winter of the second and third years of Atractylodes lancea planting, use a straw chopping and returning machine to stubble the above - ground part of Atractylodes lancea. This is done to reduce trouble for the emergence of Atractylodes lancea in the coming year, and it is also convenient for applying pre - emergence herbicides and machine operations in the coming year

[0062] The fifth step is weeding

[0063] After planting Atractylodes lancea seedlings in the first year (late April), and before the protective fluff on the bud surface has fully unfolded after the buds of Atractylodes lancea emerge on the eve of the Tomb-Sweeping Festival in the second to fourth years of planting, acetochlor is applied on the ground surface. The active ingredient content of acetochlor is 960 g / L, and one 1L bottle of acetochlor is used for every 8 mu of land. After applying the closed herbicide, around June and August every year, manual weeding is carried out twice according to the number of weeds in the field.

[0064] Step 6: Irrigation

[0065] Adopt the fog droplet sprinkler irrigation method, place the sprinkler pipe in the middle of the ridge, and take keeping the roots moist as the irrigation standard. Irrigate again when the moist soil is not seen after inserting 20 cm - 25 cm into the ground surface.

[0066] Step 7: Fertilization

[0067] Apply soil dressing fertilizer before planting Atractylodes lancea in the first year (early April) and when soil erosion is serious (taking the underground part of Atractylodes lancea showing above the soil as the standard). The soil dressing fertilizer is to apply microbial inoculant (application rate 40 kg / mu) and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (application rate 40 kg / mu). The potassium sulfate compound fertilizer used is Gaofuzhuan 14-16-15. The microbial inoculant can be applied by ditch application. If ditch application is adopted, the application rate can be halved to 20 kg / mu.

[0068] Apply NPK compound fertilizer (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are 11%, 40%, and 6% respectively, application rate 2.5 kg / mu), humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (application rate 5 kg / mu, the humic acid content in the fertilizer ≥ 30 g / L), and medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer (application rate 2.5 kg / mu) in the first year of Atractylodes lancea planting (seedling stage of Atractylodes lancea). The NPK compound fertilizer used in the seedling stage of Atractylodes lancea is Yangfeng Meirong 11-40-6, and the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is Fugen Duo.

[0069] Carry out the first topdressing every year in early May of the second, third, and fourth years of Atractylodes lancea growth, apply NPK compound fertilizer (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are 19%, 19%, and 19% respectively, application rate 10 kg / mu) and medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer (application rate 2.5 kg / mu). The NPK compound fertilizer used for the first topdressing is Yangfeng Meirong 19-19-19.

[0070] Carry out the second fertilization every year in late June of the second, third, and fourth years of Atractylodes lancea growth. The specific time is based on the date when the overall surface vegetation of Atractylodes lancea grows to a height of 45 cm - 60 cm. Apply NPK compound fertilizer (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are 14%, 4%, and 24% respectively, application rate 15 kg / mu) and medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer (application rate 2.5 kg / mu). The NPK compound fertilizer used for this fertilization is Yangfeng Meirong 14-4-24.

[0071] In the early September of autumn in the 3rd and 4th years of Atractylodes lancea cultivation, apply amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid content ≥ 110 g / L, manganese content ≥ 12 g / L, zinc content ≥ 12 g / L) to Atractylodes lancea, with 1 L of water-soluble fertilizer used per 10 mu of land. This helps increase the yield of Atractylodes lancea in the final growth stage.

[0072] For the water-soluble fertilizers (potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer, amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer) of this fertilization method, the droplet sprinkler irrigation method is used, and the application effect is the best by this sprinkler irrigation method. The water-soluble fertilizer can also be foliarly sprayed through a rear-mounted sprayer of a tractor.

[0073] The Eighth Step: Disease Control

[0074] According to the soil and weather conditions, use a fungicide before the foreseeable 3 - 5 consecutive rainy days. Apply the fungicide using a rear-mounted sprayer of a tractor. The fungicide is compounded by fluxapyroxad and difenoconazole, and the application rate is 75 g of fluxapyroxad and 125 g of difenoconazole for 25 mu. Note that after the surface vegetation of Atractylodes lancea grows, it is advisable to use a drone to spray the fungicide to avoid harming the growth of Atractylodes lancea.

[0075] In addition, a combination of mancozeb and tebuconazole can also be used as a fungicide.

[0076] The Ninth Step: Harvest

[0077] Harvest of Atractylodes lancea: Harvest Atractylodes lancea in the early October of the 4th year of cultivation. First, use a Huaxia HX904 tractor to drive a 4JQ-200 straw chopping and returning machine to stubble. Then use a chain-type medicinal herb digger to harvest Atractylodes lancea. The harvested Atractylodes lancea is subjected to drum cleaning and rotation. Wash off the mud blocks on Atractylodes lancea, and knock the medicinal components on Atractylodes lancea to be roughly smooth around, with the best situation being that the white flesh is exposed on the surface, and then bake it in a drying room.

[0078] Harvest of soybeans: In a 4-year intercropping cycle, use a professional soybean harvester to harvest soybeans around October 1st every year in the first three years.

[0079] In terms of economic benefits: The market price of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. in 2024 reached 40 yuan / kg. The yield per mu of the planting method in Example 1 of the present invention reached 600 kg (converted according to the weight of the dried Atractylodes chinensis harvested), and the minimum economic benefit achieved in a 4-year planting cycle was 24,000 yuan / mu per year for 4 years. The annual yield per mu of the soybeans intercropped in the present invention is 195 kg. Calculated at the soybean price of 4.4 yuan / kg in 2025, since the Atractylodes chinensis seedlings are too large in the 4th year and continuous intercropping will hinder the growth of Atractylodes chinensis, only 3 years of intercropping is carried out, and the income per mu is 858 yuan. The total income from soybeans in one intercropping cycle is 2,574 yuan / mu. Therefore, the total income from planting Atractylodes chinensis intercropped with soybeans for 4 years is 26,574 yuan / mu. The market price of corn in the north in 2024 was 1.6 yuan / kg, with a maximum yield per mu of 500 kg, and the maximum economic benefit achieved was 3,200 yuan / mu per year for 4 years. The income from intercropping Atractylodes chinensis with soybeans is about 8.3 times higher than that of simply planting corn.

[0080] The average yield per mu of soybeans planted by farmers in 2025 was 250 kg / mu. The average price of soybeans in the western Liaoning region last year was 4.4 yuan / kg, and the average annual economic income per mu was 1,100 yuan. The income for 4 years was 4,400 yuan / mu. The income from intercropping Atractylodes chinensis with soybeans is about 6 times higher than that of simply planting soybeans.

[0081] In addition, through shading by intercropping soybeans, the survival rate of the Chinese medicinal material seedlings can reach 60% when they grow into seedlings in the fourth year by the cultivation method of the present invention, and the yield is generally increased. In addition, the atractylenolide in the Atractylodes chinensis planted by this cultivation method was detected for its content twice, and the detection results were 0.54% and 0.53% respectively, both higher than the 0.3% specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The volatile oil was detected once and was 1.5% ml / g, higher than the 0.8% ml / g specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.

[0082] Comparative Example 1:

[0083] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the row spacing of Atractylodes chinensis is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, and 3 rows of Atractylodes chinensis and 2 rows of soybeans are planted in each ridge, and other conditions are exactly the same.

[0084] Comparative Example 2:

[0085] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the row spacing of Atractylodes chinensis is 10 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, and 12 rows of Atractylodes chinensis and 2 rows of soybeans are planted in each ridge, and other conditions are exactly the same.

[0086] The planting situations of Atractylodes chinensis in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were compared, as shown in Table 1 specifically.

[0087] Table 1 Planting situations of Atractylodes chinensis in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2

[0088]

[0089] Note: The survival rate of the established seedlings is calculated by considering the seedlings that emerge in the spring of the fourth year after becoming established as surviving seedlings.

[0090] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the yield of Atractylodes lancea planted with the row spacing of Example 1 is the highest, far higher than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Therefore, the row spacing of 20 cm and the plant spacing of 15 cm are the best row spacings for planting Atractylodes lancea.

[0091] Comparative Example 3

[0092] The difference from Example 1 is that the soil in Comparative Example 3 does not meet the standard of sandy soil.

[0093] When planting Atractylodes lancea on the soil of Comparative Example 3, the yield per mu of Atractylodes lancea in the fourth year is 350 kg. While the yield per mu of Atractylodes lancea in Example 1 is 600 kg. Therefore, sandy soil is more conducive to the planting of Atractylodes lancea.

[0094] Comparative Example 4

[0095] The difference from Example 1 is that the drip irrigation method is adopted in Comparative Example 4. When harvesting in the fourth year, the medicinal components of the roots of some Atractylodes lancea became moldy and soft and could not be used medicinally, resulting in a large amount of economic losses. When applying the drip irrigation technology for the cultivation of Atractylodes lancea, due to the difficulty in controlling the water flow direction of the drip irrigation system in large-scale mechanized planting, it is easy to cause waterlogging in local areas. Persistent waterlogging may occur in the root zone, which may further lead to an anoxic environment for the roots of Atractylodes lancea, and ultimately result in a large-scale root rot disease of Atractylodes lancea ( Figure 2 ). And when Atractylodes lancea has root rot disease, the root rot disease has subjective infectivity. Once it cannot be contained, it will cause a 80% (by weight) reduction in the dry goods of Atractylodes lancea in this plot, or even a complete harvest failure.

[0096] Comparative Example 5

[0097] The difference from Example 1 is as follows: During the fertilization stage, a biological bacterial fertilizer is applied once in each spring and autumn every year, and the amount of biological bacterial fertilizer applied each time is 250 kg / mu. The active ingredients and content of the biological bacterial fertilizer are that the number of effective viable bacteria ≥ 500 million / g. The foliar fertilizer is applied 4 times a year through the sprinkler irrigation system, and it is sprayed once every 1.5 months on average starting from the emergence of Atractylodes lancea. During the planting process of Atractylodes lancea, a foliar fertilizer such as an amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed through the sprinkler irrigation system after emergence every year. Among them, for every 10 mu of land, 1 L of water-soluble fertilizer with an amino acid content ≥ 110 g / L, a manganese content ≥ 12 g / l, and a zinc content ≥ 12 g / l is used. The yield per mu of Atractylodes lancea in the fourth year is 500 kg. The yield per mu of Atractylodes lancea in Example 1 of this application is 20% higher than that of Comparative Example 5; the yield per mu of soybeans is 150 kg, and the yield of soybeans in Example 1 is 30% higher than that of Comparative Example 5.

[0098] Comparative Example 6

[0099] The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 1 is that Atractylodes lancea is harvested in the early spring of the 5th year. It is found through detection that the content of atractylodin in Atractylodes lancea harvested in the 5th year shows a significant downward trend, and the contents of atractylodin detected twice are 0.38% and 0.29% respectively. Compared with the harvest in early October of the 4th year in Example 1, the loss rate of the effective components of the medicinal materials harvested in Comparative Example 6 is about 29%-46%. Among them, there are even samples that fail to meet the quality standard requirements of the atractylodin content ≥ 0.30% specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, presenting a major quality risk.

[0100] Comparative Example 7

[0101] The difference between Comparative Example 7 and Example 1 is that only Atractylodes lancea is planted without intercropping with soybeans. The seedling survival rate of Atractylodes lancea in the 4th year is 57%, and the yield per mu is 550 kg. Therefore, intercropping Atractylodes lancea with soybeans improves the seedling survival rate of Atractylodes lancea compared with planting Atractylodes lancea alone, thereby increasing the yield per mu and further improving the economic benefits.

[0102] S-metolachlor is selected as the soil-sealing herbicide in the present invention, which will not cause the growth retardation of Atractylodes lancea and can reduce the cost of manual weeding (the reduced cost is about 200 yuan per mu per year). However, when other soil-sealing herbicides such as pendimethalin (the active ingredient and content of pendimethalin is 450 g / L, and one 2L bottle of pendimethalin is used for every 10 mu of land) are selected, pendimethalin significantly causes the growth retardation of Atractylodes lancea, and regardless of whether there are protective villi during application, pendimethalin will have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Atractylodes lancea. In summary, it can be seen that the intercropping method of the present invention has a high survival rate of Atractylodes lancea, and the contents of volatile oil and atractylodin in Atractylodes lancea are far greater than the pharmacopoeia standards. Moreover, on the premise of not affecting the yield of Atractylodes lancea, the yield of soybeans is increased and the economic benefits are improved.

[0103] The above-described embodiments only represent specific implementation manners in the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively detailed and specific. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for planting Atractylodes lancea interplanted with soybeans, characterized in that: (1) Deep plowing: deep plowing the land to a depth of 20 to 30 cm, and treating the soil to reach the sandy soil standard; (2) Deep rotation: Use a deep rotation machine to perform deep rotation, with a depth of 40 to 60 cm; (3) Ridge formation: Ridges are formed with a width of 1.2 m and a height of 10-15 cm, with working paths left between ridges; (4) Planting: A planting cycle is 4 years. In the first year, Atractylodes lancea seedlings are planted from early April to early May. In the first to third years, Atractylodes lancea is interplanted with soybeans. In mid-May, soybeans are planted at both ends of the ridge. (5) Weeding: After planting the seedlings of Atractylodes lancea in the first year and before the Qingming Festival in the second to fourth years of planting, apply the blocking drug isopropylamine on the surface of the ground after the buds sprout and before the protective hairs on the surface of the buds are fully unfolded; (6) Irrigation: Irrigation is carried out by sprinkler irrigation; (7) Fertilization: During the growth of Atractylodes lancea, apply soil fertilizer, NPK compound fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements, and water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids; (8) Pest and disease control: Use fungicides to control pests and diseases; (9) Harvest: Atractylodes lancea is harvested from late September to mid-October in the fourth year, and soybeans are harvested around October 1 in the first to third years.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the planting of step (4), the row spacing of Atractylodes lancea is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, and the plant spacing of soybeans is 20 cm. Six rows of Atractylodes lancea and two rows of soybeans are planted in each ridge.

3. The planting method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Step (4) pre-treating the Atractylodes lancea seedlings with a seed treatment fungicide before planting, specifically soaking the roots of the seedlings with fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M for about 30 minutes.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sprinkler irrigation method in step (6) is a droplet sprinkler irrigation method, and the irrigation pipe is placed in the middle of the ridge, and root moistening is used as the irrigation standard.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization in step (7) is specifically as follows: In the first year, before planting Atractylodes lancea and when soil erosion is serious, soil-building fertilizer is applied. The soil-building fertilizer is a microbial agent and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. Apply NPK compound fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid and water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements during the seedling stage of Atractylodes lancea. In early May of the 2nd to 4th day after planting, apply NPK compound fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer with medium and trace elements for the first topdressing. In late June of the 2nd to 4th day after planting, apply NPK compound fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer with medium and trace elements for the second topdressing. In early September of the 3rd and 4th year after planting, apply water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids as topdressing.

6. The planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the NPK compound fertilizer applied to the seedlings of Atractylodes lancea are 11%, 40% and 6% respectively; the humic acid content in the water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid is ≥30g / L; The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the NPK compound fertilizer applied in the first topdressing were 19%, 19% and 19%; The NPK compound fertilizer applied in the second topdressing contained 14%, 4% and 24% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; The amino acid content in the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is ≥110g / L, the manganese content is ≥12g / l, and the zinc content is ≥12g / l.

7. The planting method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The dosage of microbial agent is 35-40kg / mu, and the dosage of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 35-40kg / mu; The application amount of NPK compound fertilizer in the seedling stage of Atractylodes lancea is 1.5-2.5kg / mu, the application amount of water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid is 3.5-5kg / mu, and the application amount of water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements is 1.5-2.5kg / mu; The first topdressing amount of NPK compound fertilizer is 5-10kg / mu, and the amount of medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer is 1.5-2.5kg / mu; The second topdressing NPK compound fertilizer usage is 10-15kg / mu, and the medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer usage is 1.5-2.5kg / mu; The usage of water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids is 75-100mL / mu.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (8) applies a fungicide before the predicted 3 to 5 consecutive days of rainy weather, wherein the fungicide is a combination of fluopicolide and difenoconazole or a combination of mancozeb and tebuconazole.

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