Special compound fertilizer for tea and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and discloses a special compound fertilizer for tea leaves and a preparation method thereof.The compound fertilizer is prepared by selecting cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure as fermentation raw materials for fermentation treatment and compounding the fermentation raw materials with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and the like. The fertilizer contains macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and microelements such as zinc and selenium, and the reasonable proportion of the nutrient elements can promote photosynthesis, root development, cell division and protein synthesis of tea, so that the yield and quality of the tea are improved. Besides, by preparing modified beta-cyclodextrin and loading trace elements, slow release of the trace elements is realized, the utilization rate of the compound fertilizer can be increased, the use frequency of the compound fertilizer can be reduced, and the phenomena of soil hardening and the like caused by too high use frequency of the compound fertilizer can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a compound fertilizer special for tea and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern agriculture, tea, as an important cash crop and one of the beverages widely consumed globally, its yield and quality directly affect the economic benefits of tea farmers and the tea-drinking experience of consumers. In the process of tea production, scientific and reasonable fertilization technology is particularly important and is the key link to improve the yield and quality of tea. As an efficient and convenient fertilizer, compound fertilizer can meet the nutritional needs of tea trees at different growth stages, thus promoting the robust growth of tea and improving the yield and quality of tea. Tea, its quality and yield are crucial for tea farmers, consumers and the entire tea industry chain.

[0003] Currently, according to different functions and compositions, compound fertilizers can be roughly divided into three types: balanced compound fertilizers, high-potassium compound fertilizers, and trace element compound fertilizers. Among them, balanced compound fertilizers mainly provide three basic nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the ratio is usually 1:1:1 or 1:1:2, which is suitable for the initial growth stage of tea trees. High-potassium compound fertilizers have a relatively high potassium content and are especially suitable for the later growth stage of tea trees, which helps tea to accumulate more nutrients and enhance the quality of tea. Trace element compound fertilizers contain trace elements such as zinc, iron, boron, etc., which can effectively improve the soil structure, promote the root development of tea trees, and enhance the stress resistance. Common compound fertilizers special for tea on the market also include controlled-release compound fertilizers, liquid compound fertilizers, granular compound fertilizers, and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, etc. These fertilizers have their own characteristics. For example, controlled-release compound fertilizers can slowly release nutrients for a long time, reducing the trouble of frequent fertilization; liquid compound fertilizers are easy to dissolve and convenient for spraying, especially suitable for drip irrigation systems.

[0004] However, these fertilizers still have deficiencies in actual application. There is still a lack of a compound fertilizer that can be used in all growth stages of tea. Based on this, the present invention provides a compound fertilizer special for tea, which can solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a compound fertilizer special for tea and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] (2) Technical Solutions

[0008] A preparation method of a compound fertilizer special for tea, the compound fertilizer comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0009] 35 - 45 parts of fermented poultry manure, 3 - 5 parts of humic acid, 5 - 15 parts of plant ash, 5 - 10 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 0.1 - 0.3 parts of selenium dioxide, 3 - 6 parts of modified β - cyclodextrin, 1 - 2 parts of sodium molybdate, 3 - 6 parts of starch, 0.1 - 0.4 parts of zinc sulfate, 4 - 6 parts of water;

[0010] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0011] First step: Add selenium dioxide, sodium molybdate, zinc sulfate and modified β - cyclodextrin into water, then raise the temperature to 60 - 70 °C, stir for 20 - 40 min, stop heating, and cool naturally to form a mixed solution;

[0012] Second step: Add fermented poultry manure, humic acid, plant ash and starch into a mixer, mechanically stir and mix evenly, then evenly spray the mixed solution on its surface to form a fertilizer precursor;

[0013] Third step: Add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer into the fertilizer precursor, mechanically stir and mix evenly, make it into granular substances, then the compound fertilizer can be obtained.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present invention, the specific preparation method of the fermented poultry manure includes the following steps:

[0015] Step one: Stir and mix chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, then inoculate with a microbial inoculant. After inoculation, use a self - propelled turning machine to turn and ferment continuously;

[0016] Step two: During the fermentation process, continuously record the temperature of the fermentation pile. When the temperature is lower than 50 °C, the fermentation materials need to be kneaded into lumps and then broken up and scattered. Ferment according to this fermentation method for 12 - 15 days, complete the fermentation, and age the fermented materials for 20 - 30 days;

[0017] Step three: Crush and sieve the materials that have completed fermentation to obtain fermented poultry manure.

[0018] As a further scheme of the present invention, in step one, the weight ratio of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 1:1:1.

[0019] As a further scheme of the present invention, in step one, the microbial inoculant is composed of Bacillus subtilis, yeast, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria with a mass ratio of 1:1:0.5:0.5.

[0020] As a further scheme of the present invention, in step three, the mesh number of the sieve is 40 - 50 meshes.

[0021] As a further scheme of the present invention, the specific preparation method of the modified β - cyclodextrin includes the following steps:

[0022] Step A: Add β-cyclodextrin into water, stir evenly to form a homogeneous mixture, then add chloroacetyl chloride into the mixture. After adding, stir at room temperature for 1 - 2 h, then evaporate to remove the solvent, cool down and discharge to obtain halogenated cyclodextrin;

[0023] Step B: Add halogenated cyclodextrin and dimethylpyridineamine into ethanol with a volume fraction of 60 - 70%, stir and mix evenly, then raise the temperature to 70 - 80 °C, continuously stir for 3 - 6 h, cool down and discharge to obtain modified β-cyclodextrin.

[0024] As a further scheme of the present invention, in Step A, the mass ratio of β-cyclodextrin to chloroacetyl chloride is 1:0.2 - 0.3.

[0025] As a further scheme of the present invention, in Step B, the mass ratio of halogenated cyclodextrin to dimethylpyridineamine is 1:0.1 - 0.2.

[0026] As a further scheme of the present invention, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is formed by mixing nitrogen fertilizer, potassium chloride and phosphate rock powder with a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0027] A special compound fertilizer for tea is prepared by the above preparation method.

[0028] (III) Beneficial technical effects

[0029] In the present invention, cow dung, pig dung and chicken dung are selected as fermentation raw materials for fermentation treatment, and are compounded with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, etc. to obtain a compound fertilizer. The main efficacy of this compound fertilizer is that it can provide various nutrient elements required for tea growth, including macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as trace elements zinc and selenium. The reasonable ratio of these nutrient elements can promote the photosynthesis, root development, cell division and protein synthesis of tea, thereby enhancing the yield and quality of tea. In addition, by preparing modified β-cyclodextrin and loading trace elements, the slow release of trace elements can be realized, the utilization rate of the compound fertilizer can be improved, the use frequency of the compound fertilizer can be reduced, and the phenomenon of soil compaction caused by excessive use frequency of fertilizers can be avoided. Specific embodiments

[0030] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are given below. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure content of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A special compound fertilizer for tea includes the following raw materials by weight:

[0033] 35 parts of fermented poultry manure, 3 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 0.1 part of selenium dioxide, 3 parts of modified β-cyclodextrin, 1 part of sodium molybdate, 3 parts of starch, 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of water;

[0034] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0035] First step, add selenium dioxide, sodium molybdate, zinc sulfate and modified β-cyclodextrin into water, then raise the temperature to 60 °C, stir for 20 min, stop heating, and cool naturally to form a mixed solution;

[0036] Second step, add fermented poultry manure, humic acid, plant ash and starch into a mixer, mechanically stir and mix evenly, and then evenly spray the mixed solution on the surface to form a fertilizer precursor;

[0037] Third step, add the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer into the fertilizer precursor, mechanically stir and mix evenly, make it into granular substances, and then the compound fertilizer can be obtained.

[0038] The specific preparation method of the fermented poultry manure comprises the following steps:

[0039] Step 1, stir and mix chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure with a weight ratio of 1:1:1, and then inoculate with a microbial inoculant composed of Bacillus subtilis, yeast, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria with a mass ratio of 1:1:0.5:0.5. After inoculation, use a self-propelled turning machine to turn and ferment continuously;

[0040] Step 2, during the fermentation process, continuously record the temperature of the fermentation heap. When the temperature is lower than 50 °C, the fermentation materials need to be kneaded into a ball and then broken up and dispersed. Ferment for 15 days according to this fermentation method, and after the fermentation is completed, age the fermented materials for 30 days;

[0041] Step 3, crush the fermented materials through a 50-mesh sieve, and then the fermented poultry manure can be obtained.

[0042] The specific preparation method of the modified β-cyclodextrin comprises the following steps:

[0043] Step A, add 1.5 g of β-cyclodextrin into water, stir evenly to form a uniform mixed solution, and then add 0.3 g of chloroacetyl chloride into the mixed solution. After adding, stir at room temperature for 2 h, then evaporate to remove the solvent, cool down and discharge to obtain halogenated cyclodextrin;

[0044] Step B, add 1 g of halogenated cyclodextrin and 0.1 g of dimethylpyridineamine into ethanol with a volume fraction of 60%, stir and mix evenly, then raise the temperature to 75 °C, continuously stir for 4 h, cool down and discharge to obtain modified β-cyclodextrin.

[0045] Among them, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is formed by mixing nitrogen fertilizer, potassium chloride and phosphate rock powder in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A compound fertilizer special for tea, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0048] 40 parts of fermented poultry manure, 4 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 0.2 part of selenium dioxide, 5 parts of modified β-cyclodextrin, 1.5 parts of sodium molybdate, 4 parts of starch, 0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of water;

[0049] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0050] First step, add selenium dioxide, sodium molybdate, zinc sulfate and modified β-cyclodextrin into water, then raise the temperature to 65 °C, stir for 30 min, stop heating, and cool naturally to form a mixed solution;

[0051] Second step, add fermented poultry manure, humic acid, plant ash and starch into a mixer, mechanically stir and mix evenly, and then evenly spray the mixed solution on its surface to form a fertilizer precursor;

[0052] Third step, add the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to the fertilizer precursor, mechanically stir and mix evenly, and make it into granular matter to obtain the compound fertilizer.

[0053] Among them, the preparation methods of fermented poultry manure, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and modified β-cyclodextrin are the same as those in Example 1.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A compound fertilizer special for tea, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0056] 45 parts of fermented poultry manure, 5 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 0.3 part of selenium dioxide, 6 parts of modified β-cyclodextrin, 2 parts of sodium molybdate, 6 parts of starch, 0.4 part of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of water;

[0057] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0058] First step, add selenium dioxide, sodium molybdate, zinc sulfate and modified β-cyclodextrin into water, then raise the temperature to 70 °C, stir for 40 min, stop heating, and cool naturally to form a mixed solution;

[0059] Second step, add fermented poultry manure, humic acid, plant ash and starch into a mixer, mechanically stir and mix evenly, and then evenly spray the mixed solution on its surface to form a fertilizer precursor;

[0060] Step 3: Add nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers to the fertilizer precursor, mechanically stir and mix evenly, and make it into granular substances to obtain compound fertilizers.

[0061] The preparation methods of fermented poultry manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and modified β-cyclodextrin are the same as those in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] A compound fertilizer special for tea, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0064] 40 parts of fermented poultry manure, 4 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, 0.2 part of selenium dioxide, 1.5 parts of sodium molybdate, 4 parts of starch, 0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of water;

[0065] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0066] Step 1: Add selenium dioxide, sodium molybdate, and zinc sulfate to water, then raise the temperature to 65°C, stir for 30 min, stop heating, and cool naturally to form a mixed solution;

[0067] Step 2: Add fermented poultry manure, humic acid, plant ash, and starch to a mixer, mechanically stir and mix evenly, and then evenly spray the mixed solution on its surface to form a fertilizer precursor;

[0068] Step 3: Add nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers to the fertilizer precursor, mechanically stir and mix evenly, and make it into granular substances to obtain compound fertilizers.

[0069] The preparation methods of fermented poultry manure and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are the same as those in Example 1.

[0070] Test Example

[0071] Randomly select 100 tea trees with a tree age of 10 years and similar individual sizes, and evenly divide them into 4 groups, which are named Example 1 group, Example 2 group, Example 3 group, and Comparative Example 1 group. Each group is fertilized with the compound fertilizer corresponding to the group, and the fertilization amount is 500 g / tree. After 30 days, pick the tea leaves and record the data in the following table:

[0072] Average weight of wet tea leaves / g Average length of tea shoots and leaves / cm Group of Example 1 154 6 Group of Example 2 156 7 Group of Example 3 148 6 Group of Comparative Example 1 113 4

[0073] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc., mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0074] The above content is only an example and illustration of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of this technology can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or use similar ways to replace them. As long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined by this claim book, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for tea, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of fermented poultry manure, 3-5 parts of humic acid, 5-15 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 0.1-0.3 parts of selenium dioxide, 3-6 parts of modified β-cyclodextrin, 1-2 parts of sodium molybdate, 3-6 parts of starch, 0.1-0.4 parts of zinc sulfate, and 4-6 parts of water; The preparation method comprises the following steps: The first step is to add selenium dioxide, sodium molybdate, zinc sulfate and modified β-cyclodextrin into water, then raise the temperature to 60-70°C, stir for 20-40 minutes, stop heating, and cool naturally to form a mixed solution; The second step is to add fermented poultry manure, humic acid, plant ash and starch into a mixer, stir and mix them evenly, and then spray the mixture evenly on the surface to form a fertilizer precursor; The third step is to add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers into the fertilizer precursor, stir mechanically to mix evenly, and make into granules to obtain compound fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific preparation method of the fermented poultry manure comprises the following steps: Step 1: Mix the chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, and then inoculate the microbial agent. After the inoculation is completed, use a self-propelled turning machine to turn the manure for continuous fermentation; Step 2: During the fermentation process, the temperature of the fermentation pile is continuously recorded. When the temperature is lower than 50°C, the fermented material needs to be kneaded into a ball, then broken and scattered. After 12-15 days of fermentation according to this fermentation method, the fermentation is completed, and the fermented material is aged for 20-30 days; Step 3: crush and sieve the fermented material to obtain fermented poultry manure.

3. The method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the weight ratio of the chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 1:1:

1.

4. The method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.5:0.

5.

5. The method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 3, the mesh size of the sieving is 40-50 meshes.

6. The method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific preparation method of the modified β-cyclodextrin comprises the following steps: Step A, adding β-cyclodextrin to water, stirring evenly to form a uniform mixed solution, and then adding chloroacetyl chloride to the mixed solution. After the addition is completed, stirring at room temperature for 1-2 hours, evaporating to remove the solvent, cooling and discharging the material, and then obtaining halogenated cyclodextrin; Step B: add halogenated cyclodextrin and dimethylpyridinamine to 60-70% ethanol by volume, stir and mix evenly, raise the temperature to 70-80° C., continue stirring for 3-6 hours, cool and discharge, and obtain modified β-cyclodextrin.

7. The method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step A, the mass ratio of β-cyclodextrin to chloroacetyl chloride is 1:0.2-0.

3.

8. The method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step B, the mass ratio of the halogenated cyclodextrin to dimethylpyridinamine is 1:0.1-0.

2.

9. The method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is formed by mixing nitrogen fertilizer, potassium chloride and phosphate rock powder in a mass ratio of 1:1:

1.

10. A compound fertilizer for tea, characterized in that: The method is prepared according to claim 1.