Biological treatment agent and application thereof in soil

Abstract

The invention relates to a biological treatment agent and application thereof in soil, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. According to the biological treatment agent, the coxsaxophase, the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus firmus are prepared into effective components of the biological treatment agent, so that the biological treatment agent can improve the soil structure, increase the soil fertility, activate the soil and effectively solve the problem of soil hardening. The biological treatment agent provided by the invention can prevent soil hardening, effectively improve the soil structure, increase the content of available potassium in soil, increase the fertility of the soil, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil and promote plant growth, and has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in application, low cost, simple preparation process, easiness in storage, environmental protection, no residue and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a biological treatment agent and its application in soil. Background Art

[0002] Soil permeability, that is, the smoothness of the exchange between the internal air of the soil and the external environment and the property of natural gas diffusion inside it, is one of the key elements of the crop growth environment and has an important impact on crop growth. [1] Soil aeration affects the soil fertility level and also affects the soil ecosystem function, especially aspects such as soil oxygen cycle, water infiltration efficiency, and root respiration activities. [2] The oxygen content in the soil is a key element for the roots to maintain aerobic respiration. An anoxic environment will weaken the root respiration function, thus hindering the normal growth and development of crops. [3] Specifically, when the oxygen concentration in the soil is maintained at least at the volume fraction level of 15%, the crops can grow normally. [4] On the contrary, if the soil oxygen concentration drops below the volume fraction of 5%, the root growth and development of the crops will be significantly inhibited or even stagnated. [5] At the same time, good water infiltration is the guarantee for the roots to efficiently absorb and transport water and nutrients.

[0003] Available potassium is one of the key nutrient elements for plant growth and development and has an important impact on crop yield and quality. In the agricultural field, the content of available potassium is directly related to the soil fertility and the growth status of crops. [6] Available potassium can be directly absorbed by plant roots and participate in various metabolic processes in plants, including photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and enzyme activation, etc. [7] In addition, available potassium is also closely related to the physical and chemical properties of the soil such as acid-base properties, conductivity, cation exchange capacity, etc., and has a significant impact on the soil structure and crop growth environment. [6] In soil improvement practice, increasing the content of available potassium is considered an effective means to improve soil quality and crop yield. [8] .

[0004] With the rapid development of modern agriculture, the long-term intensive farming mode has brought many soil problems. Although the excessive application of chemical fertilizers can significantly increase crop yields in the short term, in the long run, it has led to the destruction of soil structure and the reduction of biodiversity. [9] Among them, the salt residue of chemical fertilizers and the lack of organic matter supplementation have reduced the soil structure stability, and then led to the gradual hardening of the soil, the decrease of porosity, and the impact on soil permeability.

[10] In addition, the frequent use of heavy machinery operations has exacerbated soil compaction, reduced the pore space within the soil, significantly slowed down the rate of rainwater infiltration, and increased the risk of soil erosion. [11-12] Conventional tillage patterns further damage the existing soil aggregate structure, resulting in a reduction in soil organic matter reserves and hindered microbial activity, weakening the stability of soil aggregates. [11-12] This series of changes has caused the soil to tend to harden and crust, exacerbating the severity of soil erosion. Traditional soil improvement methods often suffer from problems such as low efficiency and high costs, and it is difficult to achieve a significant increase in the available potassium content. Therefore, exploring and developing a biological treatment agent that can effectively improve soil permeability to increase the available potassium content and improve soil structure has become a research hotspot and urgent need in the current field of soil improvement.

[0005] Currently, there are problems and drawbacks in improving soil permeability with biological treatment agents in the existing technology: First of all, the screening and cultivation of high-efficiency strains still need to be further breakthrough. Microbial strains with stronger soil structure improvement ability and permeability enhancement effect need to be screened to ensure that the biological treatment agent can more effectively improve soil structure and increase permeability. Currently, restricted by the limitations of microbial pure culture technology, it directly restricts the efficient and stable production of biological treatment agents, and further affects their market popularity and effect stability.

[13] 。

[0006] Secondly, the implementation period of biological treatment agents is relatively long, the operation difficulty is large, and the production and R & D costs of biological treatment agents are relatively high. At the same time, in the storage and transportation links, the microbial activity in biological treatment agents is extremely vulnerable to interference by environmental factors. Minor changes in conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pH value can have a significant impact on the survival state of microorganisms, thus reducing the effectiveness and stability of the product. Therefore, strict temperature control, humidity regulation, and anti-pollution measures must be taken during storage and transportation to ensure that the biological treatment agent can maintain its best performance until use.

[13] 。

[0007] References: [1] Guo Qing, Yang Jianfei, Zhou Yafei. Research status and prospects of soil aeration and rhizosphere aeration [J]. Shanxi Agricultural Economy, 2020, (12): 121 + 123. [2] Guo Qing, Zhou Yafei, Yang Jianfei. Development of monitoring technology for soil aeration in Zhouzhi farmland and popular science publicity [J]. Flowers, 2020, (04): 277 - 278. [3] Guo Yichang, Zhuang Shunyao, Hu Yuyan, etc. Influence of buried pipe aeration on the volume fraction of soil oxygen in Phyllostachys praecox forests [J]. Journal of Zhejiang A & F University, 2020, 37(1): 69. [4] Zhang Ganlin, Zhu Axing, Shi Zhou, et al. Progress and Prospect of Soil Geography [J]. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37(1): 57. [5] Zhu Ling, Deng Shixin, Lei Lujia, et al. Effects of Vertical Pipe Ventilation on the Growth of Cover-Cultivated Phyllostachys violascens [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(5): 55. [6] Quan Simao, Guan Xiaojin, Wang Xukui, Hu Feng. Study on the Change of Available Potassium Content in Farmland Soil in Jiangsu Province and Its Influence Factors [J]. Soils, 2019, 51(2): 257 - 262. [7] Zhang Lijun, Ma Wanshu, Xiang Jiamin, Wang Jingwen, Zhang Mingkui. Analysis of the Status and Influence Factors of Available Potassium in Cultivated Land Soil in Zhejiang Province [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 61(4): 607 - 611. [8] Liu Kailou, Han Tianfu, Huang Jing, et al. Spatiotemporal Variation of Available Potassium and Potassium Partial Productivity in Rice Growing Areas of China [J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2021, 58(1): 202 - 212. [9] Zhao Xuejiao, Guo Yunyun, Xu Huiyong. Analysis of the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Agricultural Chemical Fertilizer Application in Hebei Province [J]. Agriculture & Technology, 2022, 42(13): 4 - 9.

[10] An Jing. Research on the Mechanism of Soil Compaction in Dry Farmland of Brown Soil and Black Soil in Northeast China [D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University, 2016.

[11] Shah A N, Tanveer M, Shahzad B, et al. Soil Compaction Effects on Soil Health and Crop Productivity: An Overview [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017, 24(11): 10056 - 10067.

[12] Wiermann C, Werner D, Horn R, et al. Stress / Strain Processes in a Structured Unsaturated Silty Loam Luvisol under Different Tillage Treatments in Germany [J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2000, 53: 117 - 128.

[13] Bu Yi. Research on the Improvement Effect of Biomass Improver on Sandy Soil [D]. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2023. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a biological treatment agent that can prevent soil compaction, improve soil permeability, thereby improving the physical properties of the soil, increasing the available potassium content in the soil, enhancing the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, and providing a good soil environment for the growth of crops.

[0009] The present invention provides a soil improver, the main raw materials of which include agricultural product waste and a compound microbial inoculant. The compound microbial inoculant includes Kosakonia cowanii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus firmus.

[0010] Preferably, it includes the following main raw materials in parts by weight: 20 - 25 parts of agricultural product waste and 0.2 - 0.4 parts of the compound microbial inoculant.

[0011] Preferably, the agricultural product waste includes rice bran.

[0012] Preferably, the form of the compound microbial inoculant is powder, and the weight ratio of the powder of Kosakonia cowanii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus firmus is 1:1:1.

[0013] The present invention provides the application of the above soil improver in improving soil properties.

[0014] Preferably, the types of the soil include clay soil, saline - alkali land, desertified soil, acidified soil, sandy wasteland soil, seedbed soil, re - greened mountain soil, continuous cropping soil, protected field soil, orchard soil, economic crop cultivation land soil, or forestry land soil.

[0015] Preferably, the improvement of soil properties includes at least one of the following: preventing soil compaction, improving soil permeability, increasing the available potassium content in the soil, and enhancing the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for improving soil properties, which is characterized by including the following steps: fully mixing the above soil improver with water and soil until the soil shows a uniform moist state, and then evaporating and fermenting at room temperature for 10 - 20 days.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for planting plants in soil unsuitable for planting, including treating the soil unsuitable for planting by using the above method and then planting the plants.

[0018] The present invention also provides the application of the above method or the above method in improving the growth quality and yield of plants on soil unsuitable for planting.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The beneficial effects of the biological treatment agent and its application in the embodiments of the present invention are that the effective components of the biological treatment agent are configured with Kosakonia cowanii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus firmus, so that the biological treatment agent can improve the soil structure, increase soil fertility, activate the soil, and effectively solve the problem of soil compaction. The biological treatment agent provided by the present invention can prevent soil compaction, effectively improve the soil structure, increase the available potassium content in the soil, increase soil fertility while enhancing the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, promote plant growth, and has the advantages of simple and convenient application, low cost, simple production process, easy storage, environmental protection and no residue, etc. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 Pictures of the soil before and after treatment; Figure 2 The emergence situation of green vegetables after 7 days of planting; Figure 3 The growth situation of green vegetable seedlings after 30 days of planting; Figure 4 The leaf situation of green vegetable seedlings after 30 days of planting. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention propose the application of the above-mentioned soil biological treatment agent in soil improvement, and the object of soil improvement involved herein is clay soil. Embodiment

[0023] A biological treatment agent provided in this embodiment is mainly used for soil improvement. It includes rice bran and microbial strains, and the microbial strains are Kosakonia cowanii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus firmus, all in the form of bacterial powders. The specific implementation steps are as follows: 1. Mix 20 parts of rice bran and 0.4 parts of microbial strains evenly. The microbial strains are Kosakonia cowanii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus firmus, all in the form of bacterial powders, and are mixed in equal proportions; to obtain biological treatment agent 1; the theoretical water content in this biological treatment agent 1 is ≤15%.

[0024] 2. Continuously stir biological treatment agent 1 with the compacted clay soil to be improved until the clay soil and the biological treatment agent are fully and evenly mixed. During this process, continuously add water, and at this time, the clay soil shows a uniform moist state, neither too dry nor muddy, and with a shiny surface. Evaporate and ferment at room temperature for 20 days. Embodiment

[0025] Carry out a pot experiment using the biological treatment agent shown in Embodiment 1 On September 20, 2024, a pot experiment was conducted in the rice cultivation greenhouse on the fifth floor of the School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University (28 °C, 16 h day / 8 h night). The variety name of the experimental material was Four Seasons Cream Pakchoi, provided by Yonghong Seed Co., Ltd. in Botou City.

[0026] The soil was collected from the river and coastal areas of Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province.

[0027] The following treatment groups were set up in this pot experiment: (1) Blank control group (CK): No biological treatment agent was added, with 3 replicates; (2) Treatment group: Biological treatment agent was added, with 3 replicates.

[0028] Healthy and plump seeds were directly sown in the soil of the blank control group and the treatment group, and cultivated in a greenhouse at 24 °C, 8 h day / 16 h night. After germination, water was supplemented regularly and quantitatively during this period to ensure the normal growth of the plants. The emergence situation of pakchoi seedlings at 7 days and the growth situation of pakchoi seedlings at 30 days were observed. At 30 days, pakchoi seedlings were randomly uprooted with roots, washed, dried, and their fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, leaf width, and leaf length were measured.

[0029] Table 1 Soil physical properties

[0030] Table 2 Soil chemical properties

[0031] Table 3 Trait statistical table

[0032] As Figure 1 shown, the first row is CK, the blank control without adding biological treatment agent; the second row is the treatment group, with biological treatment agent added. Figure 1 It is shown that the soil porosity of the treatment group is significantly greater than that of CK. In addition, in the above table, treatment 1 is CK, the blank control without adding biological treatment agent, and treatment 2 is the treatment group, with biological treatment agent added. As shown in Table 1, compared with treatment 1, treatment 2 increased the total soil porosity, water content, capillary porosity, and field water holding capacity to a certain extent. As shown in Table 3, compared with treatment 1, treatment 2 increased the available potassium content to a certain extent. As shown in Table 3, compared with treatment 1, treatment 2 increased the plant biomass to a certain extent.

[0033] As Figures 2 - 4As shown, on the 7th day after sowing the same number of green vegetable seeds, the emergence rate of Treatment 2 was significantly higher than that of Treatment 1, and the degree of soil caking in Treatment 2 was significantly less than that in Treatment 1. On the 30th day after sowing the same number of green vegetable seeds, the size of the whole green vegetable plant in Treatment 2 was significantly larger than that in Treatment 1. From the detailed pictures, the leaf length and width of the green vegetable seedlings with the addition of the biological treatment agent were significantly larger than those in Treatment 1. In addition, the soil pores in Treatment 2 were significantly larger than those in Treatment 1. In view of the above phenomena, the addition of the biological treatment agent promoted the growth of green vegetables by improving the soil structure, increasing soil porosity, soil ventilation and water-holding capacity, and available potassium and other indicators, including increasing the emergence rate, increasing the plant size, and improving leaf growth, solved the problems of clay soil hardening, poor air permeability and water-holding capacity, and improved the growth quality and yield of crops planted in clay soil.

[0034] Although the above embodiments have made a detailed description of the present invention, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. People can also obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative efforts, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner, characterized in that: The main raw materials include agricultural product waste and composite microbial agents, and the composite microbial agents include Cossackia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus firmus.

2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following main raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of agricultural product waste and 0.2-0.4 parts of composite microbial agent.

3. The soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The agricultural product waste includes rice bran.

4. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite microbial inoculant comprises bacterial powder, wherein the weight ratio of the bacterial powders of Cossackia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus firmus is 1:1:

1.

5. Use of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in improving soil properties.

6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The types of soil include clay soil, saline-alkali land, desertified soil, acidified soil, sandy wasteland, seedling bed soil, barren hill reforestation soil, continuous cropping soil, protected land soil, orchard soil, cash crop cultivation soil or forestry land soil.

7. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The improved soil performance includes at least one of the following: preventing soil compaction, improving soil permeability, increasing the content of available potassium in the soil, and enhancing the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer.

8. A method for improving soil properties, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: fully mixing the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4 with water and soil until the soil is uniformly moistened, and then evaporating and fermenting at room temperature for 10 to 20 days.

9. A method for growing plants in soil unsuitable for planting, characterized in that: The method comprises treating soil unsuitable for planting using the method of claim 8 and then planting plants.

10. Use of the method according to claim 8 or the method according to claim 9 for improving the growth quality and yield of plants on soils unsuitable for planting.

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